US20120022091A1 - Key intermediates for the synthesis of rosuvastatin or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof - Google Patents

Key intermediates for the synthesis of rosuvastatin or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof Download PDF

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US20120022091A1
US20120022091A1 US13/145,783 US201013145783A US2012022091A1 US 20120022091 A1 US20120022091 A1 US 20120022091A1 US 201013145783 A US201013145783 A US 201013145783A US 2012022091 A1 US2012022091 A1 US 2012022091A1
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rosuvastatin
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pharmaceutically acceptable
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Zdenko Casar
Janez Kosmrlj
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Lek Pharmaceuticals dd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D239/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings
    • C07D239/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings
    • C07D239/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D239/28—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D239/32—One oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen atom
    • C07D239/42—One nitrogen atom
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
    • A61K31/505—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
    • A61K31/505—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim
    • A61K31/506—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim not condensed and containing further heterocyclic rings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • A61P3/06—Antihyperlipidemics
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D405/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings
    • C07D405/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
    • C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
    • C07F9/28—Phosphorus compounds with one or more P—C bonds
    • C07F9/535—Organo-phosphoranes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
    • C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
    • C07F9/28—Phosphorus compounds with one or more P—C bonds
    • C07F9/54—Quaternary phosphonium compounds

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process for the preparation of N-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-(bromomethyl)-6-isopropylpyrimidin-2-yl)-N-methylmethanesulfonamide, N-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-6-isopropylpyrimidin-2-yl)-N-methylmethanesulfonamide and N-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)-6-isopropyl-5-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)-N-methylmethanesulfonamide, useful as key intermediates for the preparation of Rosuvastatin or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
  • the present invention further relates to a process wherein the above mentioned compounds are used as intermediates.
  • HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors are commonly referred to as “statins.”
  • Statins are therapeutically effective drugs used for reducing low density lipoprotein (LDL) particle concentration in the blood stream of patients at risk for cardiovascular disease. Therefore, Rosuvastatin calcium is used in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia and mixed dyslipidemia.
  • LDL low density lipoprotein
  • the EP 521471 A1 discloses Rosuvastatin and a process for its preparation, among others by a process comprising a step of preparing N-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-6-isopropylpyrimidin-2-yl)-N-methylmethanesulfonamide by reduction of a suitable ester derivative thereof with diisobutylaluminium hydride (DIBAL-H) as a reduction reagent.
  • DIBAL-H diisobutylaluminium hydride
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an improved process for preparing N-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-(bromomethyl)-6-isopropylpyrimidin-2-yl)-N-methylmethanesulfonamide, N-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-6-isopropylpyrimidin-2-yl)-N-methylmethanesulfonamide and N-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)-6-isopropyl-5-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)-N-methylmethanesulfonamide, so as to provide valuable intermediates for the preparation of Rosuvastatin and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
  • N-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-(bromomethyl)-6-isopropylpyrimidin-2-yl)-N-methylmethanesulfonamide and N-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-6-isopropylpyrimidin-2-yl)-N-methylmethanesulfonamide respectively can be carried out by selecting suitable starting materials which can be converted to the desired product without the necessity of aggressive, difficult to handle and/or expensive reagents.
  • DIBAL-H diisobutylaluminium hydride
  • the reduction must be carried out at temperatures around or below 0° C. (preferably up to ⁇ 70° C.) under dry/anhydrous conditions.
  • DIBAL-His an expensive and hazardous reagent.
  • the reduction is carried out with KBH 4 /ZnCl 2 as the reducing agent, which also requires dry/anhydrous conditions.
  • KBH 4 /ZnCl 2 as the reducing agent, which also requires dry/anhydrous conditions.
  • there is the problem of unreacted starting material and generation of byproducts which are hardly removed in the subsequent Rosuvastatin synthesis steps if dry/anhydrous conditions are not employed and reaction does't go to completion.
  • Said nucleophilic substitution reaction has significant drawbacks, inter alia since HBr is a very corrosive and aggressive reagent, and the alternative reactant PBr 3 is toxic, evolves corrosive HBr, and reacts violently with water and alcohols which makes it difficult to handle.
  • nucleophilic substitution reaction for introduction of bromine with HBr or PBr 3 is not used but the compound of formula II is prepared by converting a compound of formula I by bromination into the compound of formula II as presented on the following scheme:
  • compound II N-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-(bromomethyl)-6-isopropylpyrimidin-2-yl)-N-methylmethanesulfonamide
  • the reaction can be carried out most efficiently by radical bromination reaction, optionally assisted by UV irridation and/or use of radical formers.
  • bromination notably when proceeding with radical reaction, significantly differs from the introduction of bromine by means of a nucleophilic substitution reaction (e.g. wherein compound of the formula III is converted into compound of the formula II).
  • a nucleophilic substitution reaction requires a leaving group such as for example —OH of the compound of the formula III.
  • the compound of the formula I does not require such a leaving group.
  • N-bromoamides provide for a constant, low concentration of bromine in the reaction mixture during reaction.
  • said N-bromoamides are selected from the group consisting of N-bromoacetamide, N,N-dibromobenzene sulfonamides; the N-bromoimides, such as N-bromosuccinimide, N-bromophthalimide, N-bromoglutarimide, 3-bromo-hydantoin, and 1,3-dibromo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin.
  • N-bromosuccinimide is the most preferred brominating agent, since it is readily commercially availably and economically priced.
  • the aforementioned bromination agents provide for mild reaction conditions resulting in less byproducts. HBr and PBr 3 , which are aggressive and difficult to handle reactants which would negatively affect purity and yield of the compound of formula II, can be avoided.
  • the initial amount of said brominating agents is from about 0.1 to about 3 times the molar stoichiometric amount based on compound I, preferably about 0.9 to about 2.5 times, more preferably about 1.4 to about 2.2 times, and in particular about 2 times. In this way, efficient bromination resulting in high yields of compound II is provided, while economical amounts of brominating agent are used.
  • the above mentioned bromination reaction is suitably performed in organic solvent, preferably selected from the group consisting of acetone, ethyl acetate, hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons and acetonitrile. Most preferably, acetonitrile is used as organic solvent.
  • organic solvent preferably selected from the group consisting of acetone, ethyl acetate, hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons and acetonitrile. Most preferably, acetonitrile is used as organic solvent.
  • organic solvents provide for suitable solubilisation of the reactants and advantageous reaction rates. Furthermore, these organic solvents are largely less toxic than carbon tetrachloride or chlorobenzene, which have been typically used in radical bromination of hydrocarbon side chains of aromatic substrates.
  • the step of reacting a compound of formula I with brominating agent to give the compound of formula II is performed under a treatment of ultraviolet radiation, wherein said ultraviolet radiation has preferably a wavelength of about 200 to 400 nm, more preferably about 310 nm. Said ultraviolet radiation is preferably performed for 2 to 10 hours, more preferably for about 4 hours.
  • the bromination reaction is carried out at suitable temperature, preferably at a temperature between 0 to 90° C., more preferably between 10 to 65° C., even more preferably between 15 to 35° C. and in particular at an ambient temperature between 19 to 25° C.
  • suitable temperature preferably at a temperature between 0 to 90° C., more preferably between 10 to 65° C., even more preferably between 15 to 35° C. and in particular at an ambient temperature between 19 to 25° C.
  • radical bromination proceeds within relatively short reaction times and high yields, even if no radical former is applied.
  • the absence of a radical former is advantageous, since the reaction becomes more safe in view of operational safety, because radical formers are quite reactive and therefore dangerous to handle compounds. Furthermore, the costs for a radical former can be saved. Therefore, it is preferred to perform the bromination without a radical former. In addition, significantly less impurities are formed during the reaction if no radical former is used.
  • a radical former may be applied.
  • the radical former is preferably an organic peroxide, an organic peracid, an organic hydroperoxide or an organic azo compound. These radical performers are suitable for accelerating/supporting radical reactions. More preferably, the radical former is selected from benzoyl peroxide or azoisobutyronitrile, since these radical performers are readily commercially available and inexpensive.
  • the initial amount of radical former is between about 0 to 0.5 molar stoichiometric amount based on compound I, preferably about 0 to 0.07 molar stoichiometric amount based on compound I, and more preferably no radical former is applied.
  • the aforementioned amounts of radical former provide for an advantageous acceleration of the reaction, while still providing a stable and safe reaction.
  • the compound of formula II is isolated and purified, preferably by crystallization.
  • a simple and effective purification method is applied, compared to labor, time and material intensive column chromatography. Since the bromination reaction is performed under mild conditions, there are less byproducts, and therefore, crystallisation will be sufficient in order to provide an advantageously pure product. Furthermore, it was found by that crystallisation performed with an MTBE/hexane mixture, and in particular with an MTBE/hexane mixture wherein the volume ratio of MTBE to hexane is 2 to 1, preferably 1 to 1 and more preferably 2 to 3 is particularly advantageous.
  • the compound of formula I can be obtained by a targeted synthesis. Or, according to a preferred embodiment, the compound of formula I is obtained as a side product in the preparation of rosuvastatin intermediates where the compound of formula I is formed in a Wittig reaction between a phosphonium salt, phosphine oxide or phosphonate (compound of formula X) of a corresponding rosuvastatin heterocycle—or their converted reagents in the corresponding ylide or phosphorane form (for phosphonium salt) or corresponding carbanion (for phosphine oxide or phosphonate) (compound of formula X′)—and a chiral statin side chain.
  • Z in the compound of formula X and X′ is selected from the group consisting of phosphonium salt moiety, phosphine oxide moiety or phosphonate moiety:
  • Rx, Ry, Rz are the same or different and are selected from optionally substituted C 1 -C 8 alkyl or C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl or C 1 -C 8 alkenyl or C 5 -C 6 cycloalkenyl or aryl, preferably phenyl, and X ⁇ is an anion, preferably a halogen or carboxylate anion, more preferably chloride, bromide or trifluoroacetate;
  • P 1 and P 2 independently denote conventional hydroxyl protecting groups.
  • the protecting group P 1 and P 2 may be any conventionally used protecting group for hydroxyl groups, for example selected independently from the group consisting of alkyl, branched alkyl, acyl, silyl or similar group, more particularly selected from acetonide, acetyl (Ac), pivaloyl (Piv), p-toluenesulfonyl (TOS), ⁇ -methoxyethoxymethyl ether (MEM), methoxymethyl ether (MOM), p-methoxybenzyl ether (PMB), methylthiomethyl ether, t-butyl, tetrahydropyranyl (THP), benzyl (Bn), diphenylmethyl or triphenylmethyl group, preferably silyl protecting group which can be represented by a formula SiR 1 ′R 2 ′R 3 ′ in which R 1 ′, R 2 ′, R 3 ′ are
  • the protected final rosuvastatin intermediate can be used to proceed with the final synthesis steps for obtaining rosuvastatin or its salts, while alternatively or in addition the compound of formula I can be utilized by being recycled into another (same or different) rosuvastatin synthesis route.
  • reaction products obtained in the Wittig reaction can be respectively separated by appropriate and known methods into the compound of formula I and the compound selected from formulas XI or XI′.
  • the compound of formula I is more substantially formed when the Wittig reaction is performed with excess of the phosphonium salt (or its ylide or phosphorane), phosphine oxide (or its carbanion) or phosphonate (or its carbanion) Wittig reagent (e.g. a molar excess of compound X or X′ over compound IX or IX′ of suitably 5% or more, preferably 10% or more, and particularly 15% or more), more effectively after quenching with protic solvent, and/or when the Wittig reaction is performed in the presence of water or other protic molecules such as alcohols (e.g.
  • the starting compound of formula IX can obtained from its hydrate form in an appropriate solvent but without removal of the released water molecules, as shown in the following reaction scheme,
  • THF tetrahydrofuran
  • the compound of formula II can be directly transformed to phosphonium salt derivative, phosphine oxide or phosphonate (see e.g. US2005/0124639).
  • the compound of formula I can be transformed to the compound of formula III, which can be converted to phosphonium salt derivative, phosphine oxide or phosphonate (see e.g. WO2007/017117).
  • the compound of formula II can be prepared by prior art processes (see e.g. WO2007/017117), this process cannot be applied for the recovery of compound I to phosphonium salt derivative, phosphine oxide or phosphonate.
  • prior-art processes for the preparation of compound III as disclosed in the EP521471 cannot be used for recovery of the compound of formula I to phosphonium salt derivative, phosphine oxide or phosphonate.
  • a compound of formula III is prepared by a process comprising the step of converting a compound of formula II by hydrolysis into the compound of formula III, as depicted in the following scheme:
  • the above mentioned conversion is performed in the presence of an inorganic base, preferably an alkaline or alkaline earth carbonate or hydrogencarbonate, more preferably NaHCO 3 is used as the inorganic base.
  • an inorganic base preferably an alkaline or alkaline earth carbonate or hydrogencarbonate, more preferably NaHCO 3 is used as the inorganic base.
  • the initial amount of inorganic base is between about 1 to 10 times the molar stoichiometric amount based on compound II, preferably about 3 to 7 times and more preferably 5 to 6 times.
  • the compound of formula III is prepared by a one-pot synthesis converting compound of formula I via non-isolated compound of formula II into the compound of formula ill as depicted in the following scheme.
  • the aforementioned one-pot synthesis is carried out by converting compound of formula I into compound of formula II by the above described bromination according to the present invention, or/and converting compound of formula II into compound of formula III by the above described hydrolysis according to the invention.
  • a solvent to the resulting reaction batch after conversion of compound of formula I into compound of formula II is performed, in order to dilute the reaction batch. Conversion of compound of formula I into compound of formula II may e.g. be monitored by thin layer chromatography or high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC).
  • said solvent for dilution is selected from the group of solvents described for the above mentioned bromination reaction, and more preferably it is the same solvent as used in the bromination reaction.
  • an advantageous degree of dissolution of the compound of the formula II is obtained, which in turn provides for a smooth hydrolysis giving rise to high yields.
  • the process for preparing the compound of the formula III further comprises the step of purifying compound of formula III, preferably by crystallization.
  • a simple and effective purification method is applied, compared to labor, time and material intensive column chromatography. Since the hydrolysis reaction provides for a full conversion of compound of the formula II into compound of the formula III, crystallisation will be sufficient in order to provide an advantageously pure product. Furthermore, it was found by that crystallisation performed with an MTBE/hexane mixture, and in particular with an MTBE/hexane mixture wherein the volume ratio of MTBE to hexane is 2 to 1, preferably 1 to 1 and more preferably 2 to 3 is particularly advantageous.
  • first Rosuvastatin or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof is provided by the process as described above.
  • Rosuvastatin or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof is suitably admixed with at least one suitable pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
  • Pharmaceutically acceptable excipients may be selected from the group consisting of binders, diluents, disintegrating agents, stabilizing agents, preservatives, lubricants, fragrances, flavoring agents, sweeteners and other excipients known in the field of the pharmaceutical technology.
  • excipients may be selected from the group consisting of lactose, microcrystalline cellulose, cellulose derivatives, e.g. hydroxypropylcellulose, polyacrylates, calcium carbonate, starch, colloidal silicone dioxide, sodium starch glycolate, talc, magnesium stearate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol and other excipients known in the field of the pharmaceutical technology.
  • reaction mixture is stirred for 45 min at ⁇ 42° C., cooled to ⁇ 82° C., and treated with a solution of (2S,4R)-4-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-6-oxo-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carbaldehyde (266 mg, 1.03 mmol) obtained by dissolution of its hydrate (284 mg, 1.03 mmol) in 15 mL of tetrahydrofurane without removal of released water. After 30 min of stirring, the solution is warmed to ⁇ 53 to ⁇ 58° C. and stirred further for 6 hours. Then, the mixture is allowed to warm to ambient temperature in 100 min and treated with saturated ammonium chloride solution (40 mL).
  • N-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-methyl-6-isopropylpyrimidin-2-yl)-N-methylmethanesulfonamide 112.5 mg, 0.33 mmol, 1 equiv.
  • N-bromosuccinimide 126 mg, 0.72 mmol, 2.1 equiv.
  • N-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-methyl-6-isopropylpyrimidin-2-yl)-N-methylmethanesulfonamide 112.5 mg, 0.33 mmol, 1 equiv.
  • N-bromosuccinimide N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) (118.7 mg, 0.66 mmol, 2 equiv.) were dissolved in 2 mL of acetonitrile.
  • the obtained yellow solution was diluted with 1 mL of acetonitrile.

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Abstract

The present invention relates in general to the field of organic chemistry and in particular to the preparation of N-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)-6-isopropyl-5-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)-N-methylmethanesulfonamide (I), N-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-(bromomethyl)-6-isopropylpyrimidin-2-yl)-N-methylmethanesulfonamide (II) and N-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-6-isopropylpyrimidin-2-yl)-N-methylmethanesulfonamide (III), key intermediates in preparation of Rosuvastatin.

Description

    FIELD OF THE INVENTION
  • The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of N-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-(bromomethyl)-6-isopropylpyrimidin-2-yl)-N-methylmethanesulfonamide, N-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-6-isopropylpyrimidin-2-yl)-N-methylmethanesulfonamide and N-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)-6-isopropyl-5-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)-N-methylmethanesulfonamide, useful as key intermediates for the preparation of Rosuvastatin or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. The present invention further relates to a process wherein the above mentioned compounds are used as intermediates.
    • BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  • (N-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-(bromomethyl)-6-isopropylpyrimidin-2-yl)-N-methylmethanesulfonamide), (N-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-6-isopropylpyrimidin-2-yl)-N-methylmethanesulfonamide) and N-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)-6-isopropyl-5-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)-N-methylmethanesulfonamide are possible intermediates in the synthesis of Rosuvastatin and its pharmaceutically acceptable salts. Rosuvastatin calcium, chemically described as bis[(E)-7-[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-6-isopropyl-2-[methyl(methylsulfonyl)amino]pyrimidin-5-yl] (3R,5S)-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid] calcium salt, is a synthetic lipid-lowering agent that acts as an inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase (HMG-CoA Reductase inhibitor). HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors are commonly referred to as “statins.” Statins are therapeutically effective drugs used for reducing low density lipoprotein (LDL) particle concentration in the blood stream of patients at risk for cardiovascular disease. Therefore, Rosuvastatin calcium is used in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia and mixed dyslipidemia.
  • The EP 521471 A1 discloses Rosuvastatin and a process for its preparation, among others by a process comprising a step of preparing N-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-6-isopropylpyrimidin-2-yl)-N-methylmethanesulfonamide by reduction of a suitable ester derivative thereof with diisobutylaluminium hydride (DIBAL-H) as a reduction reagent. Furthermore, WO2008/059519 A2 also describes the preparation of Rosuvastatin via N-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-6-isopropylpyrimidin-2-yl)-N-methylmethanesulfonamide as intermediate obtained by reduction of a suitable ester thereof by means of DIBAL-H.
  • International patent application WO2007/017117 A1 describes the preparation of Rosuvastatin via N-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-(bromomethyl)-6-isopropylpyrimidin-2-yl)-N-methylmethanesulfonamide as the intermediate. This intermediate is prepared by nucleophilic substitution of N-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-6-isopropylpyrimidin-2-yl)-N-methylmethanesulfonamide by means of HBr as the source of nucleophile.
  • The object of the present invention is to provide an improved process for preparing N-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-(bromomethyl)-6-isopropylpyrimidin-2-yl)-N-methylmethanesulfonamide, N-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-6-isopropylpyrimidin-2-yl)-N-methylmethanesulfonamide and N-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)-6-isopropyl-5-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)-N-methylmethanesulfonamide, so as to provide valuable intermediates for the preparation of Rosuvastatin and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
    • SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
  • The object is solved by processes for the preparation of N-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-(bromomethyl)-6-isopropylpyrimidin-2-yl)-N-methylmethanesulfonamide, N-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-6-isopropylpyrimidin-2-yl)-N-methylmethanesulfonamide and N-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)-6-isopropyl-5-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)-N-methylmethanesulfonamide according to claims 1, 9, 13 and 15, a process for the preparation of Rosuvastatin or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof according to claims 11 and 17, a preparation of a pharmaceutical composition according to claims 18 and 19 and a use of N-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-(bromomethyl)-6-isopropylpyrimidin-2-yl)-N-methylmethanesulfonamide, N-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-6-isopropylpyrimidin-2-yl)-N-methylmethanesulfonamide and N-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)-6-isopropyl-5-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)-N-methylmethanesulfonamide for the preparation of Rosuvastatin or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof according to claim 20 respectively. Preferred embodiments are set forth below and in the subclaims.
  • According to the present invention, it has been surprisingly found that a more efficient and easier to handle synthesis of N-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-(bromomethyl)-6-isopropylpyrimidin-2-yl)-N-methylmethanesulfonamide and N-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-6-isopropylpyrimidin-2-yl)-N-methylmethanesulfonamide respectively can be carried out by selecting suitable starting materials which can be converted to the desired product without the necessity of aggressive, difficult to handle and/or expensive reagents. Moreover, the process for the preparation is more efficient as it allows beneficial reaction conditions providing for less by products and thus higher purity of the products and higher yields, and/or less necessary reaction steps. Furthermore, the process according to the present invention enables to use mild reactants, further contributing to an easier handling in terms of less necessary precautions concerning application and storage, and less precautions concerning the requirement of special reaction conditions such as protective gas atmosphere and/or anhydrous solvent. Furthermore an efficient process for recovering of N-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)-6-isopropyl-5-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)-N-methylmethanesulfonamide is disclosed that has an favorable impact on the efficiency of the overall process of the rosuvastatin synthesis.
  • As a result, desirable key intermediates for the preparation of Rosuvastatin or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof are provided by a significantly improved process.
  • Various aspects, advantageous features and preferred embodiments of the present invention, which respectively alone and in combination particularly contribute to solving the object of the invention are summarized in the following items:
    • (1) A process for preparing the compound of formula II
  • Figure US20120022091A1-20120126-C00001
      • comprising the steps of:
      • providing a compound of formula I:
  • Figure US20120022091A1-20120126-C00002
      • and converting the compound of formula I by bromination into the compound of formula II.
    • (2) The process according to item (1), wherein bromination proceeds by radical reaction
    • (3) The process according to item (1) or (2), wherein said bromination is performed with an N-bromoamide as a brominating agent, preferably an N-bromoamide selected from the group consisting of N-bromoacetamide, N,N-dibromobenzene sulfonamides, N-bromosuccinimide, N-bromophthalimide, N-bromoglutarimide, 3-bromo-hydantoin and 1,3-dibromo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin, more preferably N-bromosuccinimide.
    • (4) The process according to item (3), wherein the initial amount of brominating agent is from about 1 to about 3 times the molar stoichiometric amount based on compound I, preferably about 1.2 to about 2.5 times, more preferably about 1.4 to about 2.2 times, and in particular about 2 times.
    • (5) The process according to any one of items (1) to (4) avoiding use of HBr and PBr3.
    • (6) The process according to any one of the preceding items, wherein the bromination reaction is performed in an organic solvent selected from the group consisting of acetone, ethyl acetate, hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons and acetonitrile or a mixture thereof, preferably the organic solvent is acetonitrile.
    • (7) The process according to items (1) to (6), wherein the bromination is performed under a treatment of ultraviolet radiation.
    • (8) The process according to item (7), wherein said ultraviolet radiation has a wavelength of about 200-400 nm, preferably about 310 nm.
    • (9) The process according to item (7) or (8), wherein said ultraviolet radiation is performed for 2 to 10 hours, preferably for about 4 hours.
    • (10) The process according to any one of items (1) to (9), wherein the bromination is carried out at a temperature between 0 to 90° C., preferably between 10 to 65° C., more preferably between 15 to 35° C. and in particular between 19 to 25° C.
    • (11) The process according to any one of the preceding items, wherein no radical former is applied.
    • (12) The process according to any one of items (1) to (10), wherein a radical former is applied, wherein the radical former is preferably an organic peroxide, an organic peracid, an organic hydroperoxide or an organic azo compound, more preferably the radical former is benzoyl peroxide or azoisobutyronitrile.
    • (13) The process according to item (12), wherein the initial amount of radical former is between about 0 to 0.5 molar stoichiometric amount based on compound I, preferably about 0 to 0.07 molar stoichiometric amount based on compound I, and more preferably no radical former is applied.
    • (14) The process according to any one of the preceding items, further comprising a step of purifying of the compound of formula II, preferably by crystallization.
    • (15) The process according to item (14), wherein crystallisation is performed with an MTBE/hexane mixture, preferably with an MTBE/hexane mixture, wherein the volume ratio of MTBE to hexane is 2 to 1, preferably 1 to 1 and more preferably 2 to 3.
    • (16) A process for preparing a compound of formula I
  • Figure US20120022091A1-20120126-C00003
      • comprising a step of reacting a compound of formula IX or IX′
  • Figure US20120022091A1-20120126-C00004
      • wherein P1 and P2 respectively denote same or different hydroxy protecting groups and R is selected from alkyl or aryl;
      • with a compound of formula X or X′
  • Figure US20120022091A1-20120126-C00005
      • wherein Z is selected from the group consisting of:
  • Figure US20120022091A1-20120126-C00006
      • and wherein Rx, Ry, and Rz, are the same or different and are selected from optionally substituted C1-C8 alkyl or C3-C6 cycloalkyl or C1-C8 alkenyl or C5-C6 cycloalkenyl or aryl, preferably phenyl, and Xθ is an anion, preferably a halogen or carboxylate anion, more preferably chloride, bromide or trifluoroacetate;
      • wherein in said reaction the compound of formula X or X′ is used in molar excess over the compound of formula IX or IX′, and/or wherein the reaction takes place in the presence of water or other protic molecules,
      • to obtain the compound of formula I.
    • (17) The process according to item (16), wherein the compound of formula I is obtained as a product besides a compound selected from formulas XI or XI′
  • Figure US20120022091A1-20120126-C00007
      • wherein P1 and P2 are as defined above;
      • wherein said compound selected from formulas XI and XI′ is subsequently used for conversion into Rosuvastatin or its salt, and wherein the compound of formula I is used to provide said compound in a process according to claim 1.
      • In this way, the compound of formula I can be efficiently recycled to perform a further synthesis route for the preparation of Rosuvastatin or its salt.
    • (18) A process for preparing rosuvastatin, comprising:
    • (a) reacting a compound of formula IX or IX′
  • Figure US20120022091A1-20120126-C00008
      • wherein P1 and P2 respectively denote same or different hydroxy protecting groups and R is selected from alkyl or aryl;
      • with a compound of formula X or X′
  • Figure US20120022091A1-20120126-C00009
      • wherein Z is selected from the group consisting of:
  • Figure US20120022091A1-20120126-C00010
      • and wherein Rx, Ry, and Rz, are the same or different and are selected from optionally substituted C1-C8 alkyl or C3-C6 cycloalkyl or C1-C8 alkenyl or C5-C6 cycloalkenyl or aryl, preferably phenyl, and Xθ is an anion, preferably a halogen or carboxylate anion, more preferably chloride, bromide or trifluoroacetate;
    • (b) obtaining reaction products of
      • a compound of formula I
  • Figure US20120022091A1-20120126-C00011
      • and
      • a compound selected from formulas XI or XI′
  • Figure US20120022091A1-20120126-C00012
      • wherein P1 and P2 are as defined above;
    • (c) using the obtained compound selected from formulas XI and XI′ for conversion into Rosuvastatin or its salt; and
    • (d) using the obtained compound of formula I for providing said compound in a process according to item (1) in a recycling process for producing rosuvastatin.
    • (19) The process according to item (18), wherein in step (b) the obtained reaction products are respectively separated into the compound of formula I and the compound selected from formulas XI or XI′, prior to the respective use in step (d).
  • In the manner defined by items (18) and (19), an advantageous and generally applicable recycling process is provided for improving the overall yield of Rosuvastatin or its salt.
    • (20) A process for preparing a compound of formula III
  • Figure US20120022091A1-20120126-C00013
      • comprising the step of converting the compound of formula II
  • Figure US20120022091A1-20120126-C00014
      • by hydrolysis into the compound of formula III.
    • (21) The process according to item (20), wherein hydrolysis is performed in the presence of an inorganic base, preferably an alkaline or alkaline earth carbonate or hydrogencarbonate, more preferably NaHCO3.
    • (22) The process according to item (21), wherein the inorganic base is added to the reaction mixture in the form of a saturated aqueous solution.
    • (23) The process according to any one of items (21)-(22), wherein the initial amount of inorganic base is between about 1 to 10 times the molar stoichiometric amount based on compound II, preferably about 3 to 7 and more preferably 5 to 6 times.
    • (24) A one-pot process for preparing the compound of formula III
  • Figure US20120022091A1-20120126-C00015
      • comprising converting compound of formula I
  • Figure US20120022091A1-20120126-C00016
      • by reaction via non-isolated compound of formula II
  • Figure US20120022091A1-20120126-C00017
      • into the compound of formula III.
    • (25) The process according to item (24), wherein conversion of the compound of formula I into the compound of formula II is carried out by the process of any one of items (1) to (13).
    • (26) The process according to item (24) or (25), wherein conversion of the compound of formula II into the compound of formula III is carried out by the process of any one of items (20) to (23)
    • (27) The process according to any one of items (24) to (26), wherein a reaction batch after converting compound of formula I into compound of formula II is diluted with a solvent as defined under item (6).
    • (28) The process according to any one of items (20) to (27), further comprising the step of purifying compound of formula III, preferably by crystallization.
    • (29) The process according to item (28), wherein crystallisation is performed with an MTBE/hexane mixture, preferably with an MTBE/hexane mixture wherein the volume ratio of MTBE to hexane is 2 to 1, preferably 1 to 1 and more preferably 2 to 3.
    • (30) A process for the preparation of Rosuvastatin or pharmaceutically acceptable salt of Rosuvastatin, comprising the steps of:
      • a) carrying out a process for preparing the compound of formula I according to item (16), and
      • b) subjecting the compound of formula I to further synthesis steps to yield Rosuvastatin or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
    • (31) A process for the preparation of Rosuvastatin or pharmaceutically acceptable salt of Rosuvastatin, comprising the steps of:
      • a) carrying out a process for preparing the compound of formula II according to any one of items (1) to (15), and
      • b) subjecting the compound of formula II to further synthesis steps to yield Rosuvastatin or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
    • (32) A process for the preparation of Rosuvastatin or pharmaceutically acceptable salt of Rosuvastatin, comprising the steps of:
      • a) carrying out a process for preparing the compound of formula III according to any one of items (20) to (29), and
      • b) subjecting the compound of formula III to further synthesis steps to yield Rosuvastatin or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
    • (33) A process for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition comprising Rosuvastatin as active ingredient, comprising the steps of:
      • a) preparing Rosuvastatin or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof according to the process according to item (31) or (32), and
      • b) admixing the thus prepared Rosuvastatin or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof with at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
    • (34) A process for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition comprising Rosuvastatin as active ingredient, comprising the steps of:
      • a) preparing Rosuvastatin or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof according to the process according to any one of items (17) to (19),
      • b) admixing the thus prepared Rosuvastatin or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof with at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
    • (35) Use of compound of formula II prepared according to the process of any one of items (1) to (15) for the preparation of Rosuvastatin or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
    • (36) Use of compound of formula III prepared according to the process of any one of items (20) to (29) for the preparation of Rosuvastatin or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
    • (37) Use of the compound of formula I prepared according to any one of the processes of items (16) to (19) for the preparation of Rosuvastatin or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
    DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
  • The present invention is now described in more detail by referring to further preferred and further advantageous embodiments and examples, which are however presented for illustrative purposes only and shall not be understood as limiting the scope of the present invention.
  • In order to improve a process for the preparation of a compound of formula II (N-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-(bromomethyl)-6-isopropylpyrimidin-2-yl)-N-methylmethanesulfonamide) and a compound of formula III (N-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-6-isopropylpyrimidin-2-yl)-N-methylmethanesulfonamide), extensive test series were carried out by the inventors to find critical factors that are particularly suited to increase the product yields and to decrease byproducts, while significantly simplifying preparation due to beneficial reaction conditions and/or less necessary reaction steps.
  • Conventionally, the compound of formula III was prepared by reduction of a suitable ester derivative of the formula IV (wherein R preferably denotes a methyl or ethyl residue) by means of a suitable reducing agent in a late or last step of a multi step synthesis procedure, as illustrated on the following scheme:
  • Figure US20120022091A1-20120126-C00018
  • However, this type of reduction has significant procedural drawbacks. Most commonly, reduction is carried out by diisobutylaluminium hydride (DIBAL-H) as the reducing agent, and therefore the reduction must be carried out at temperatures around or below 0° C. (preferably up to −70° C.) under dry/anhydrous conditions. A further drawback of the reduction with DIBAL-H is that the complex hydride DIBAL-His an expensive and hazardous reagent. Less common, the reduction is carried out with KBH4/ZnCl2 as the reducing agent, which also requires dry/anhydrous conditions. Moreover, there is the problem of unreacted starting material and generation of byproducts which are hardly removed in the subsequent Rosuvastatin synthesis steps if dry/anhydrous conditions are not employed and reaction does't go to completion.
  • As shown on the following scheme, conventionally, the compound of formula III was then converted into the compound of formula II by a nucleophilic substitution reaction using HBr or PBr3 in order to introduce bromine:
  • Figure US20120022091A1-20120126-C00019
  • Said nucleophilic substitution reaction has significant drawbacks, inter alia since HBr is a very corrosive and aggressive reagent, and the alternative reactant PBr3 is toxic, evolves corrosive HBr, and reacts violently with water and alcohols which makes it difficult to handle.
  • In conclusion, it can be said that the above described conventional preparation of the compound of formula III, or the conventional preparation of the compound of formula II via the compound of formula IV requires reactants which are difficult to handle, dangerous and/or expensive. Furthermore, several reaction steps are necessary in order to obtain the compound of formula II, and the conventional processes suffer from drawbacks of critical generation of byproducts which affects further synthesis of Rosuvastatin.
  • According to one aspect of the present invention, nucleophilic substitution reaction for introduction of bromine with HBr or PBr3 is not used but the compound of formula II is prepared by converting a compound of formula I by bromination into the compound of formula II as presented on the following scheme:
  • Figure US20120022091A1-20120126-C00020
  • Since the compound of the formula I (N-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-methyl-6-isopropylpyrimidin-2-yl)-N-methylmethanesulfonamide) is used as the starting material, compound II (N-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-(bromomethyl)-6-isopropylpyrimidin-2-yl)-N-methylmethanesulfonamide) can be obtained in only one step by bromination. The reaction can be carried out most efficiently by radical bromination reaction, optionally assisted by UV irridation and/or use of radical formers.
  • The above described bromination, notably when proceeding with radical reaction, significantly differs from the introduction of bromine by means of a nucleophilic substitution reaction (e.g. wherein compound of the formula III is converted into compound of the formula II). A nucleophilic substitution reaction requires a leaving group such as for example —OH of the compound of the formula III. In contrast to that, the compound of the formula I does not require such a leaving group.
  • In the above described bromination reaction of the present invention bromination agents such as N-bromoamides are preferably used. Advantageously, N-bromoamides provide for a constant, low concentration of bromine in the reaction mixture during reaction. More preferably, said N-bromoamides are selected from the group consisting of N-bromoacetamide, N,N-dibromobenzene sulfonamides; the N-bromoimides, such as N-bromosuccinimide, N-bromophthalimide, N-bromoglutarimide, 3-bromo-hydantoin, and 1,3-dibromo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin. N-bromosuccinimide is the most preferred brominating agent, since it is readily commercially availably and economically priced. Advantageously, the aforementioned bromination agents provide for mild reaction conditions resulting in less byproducts. HBr and PBr3, which are aggressive and difficult to handle reactants which would negatively affect purity and yield of the compound of formula II, can be avoided.
  • The initial amount of said brominating agents is from about 0.1 to about 3 times the molar stoichiometric amount based on compound I, preferably about 0.9 to about 2.5 times, more preferably about 1.4 to about 2.2 times, and in particular about 2 times. In this way, efficient bromination resulting in high yields of compound II is provided, while economical amounts of brominating agent are used.
  • The above mentioned bromination reaction is suitably performed in organic solvent, preferably selected from the group consisting of acetone, ethyl acetate, hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons and acetonitrile. Most preferably, acetonitrile is used as organic solvent. The aforementioned organic solvents provide for suitable solubilisation of the reactants and advantageous reaction rates. Furthermore, these organic solvents are largely less toxic than carbon tetrachloride or chlorobenzene, which have been typically used in radical bromination of hydrocarbon side chains of aromatic substrates.
  • Preferably, the step of reacting a compound of formula I with brominating agent to give the compound of formula II is performed under a treatment of ultraviolet radiation, wherein said ultraviolet radiation has preferably a wavelength of about 200 to 400 nm, more preferably about 310 nm. Said ultraviolet radiation is preferably performed for 2 to 10 hours, more preferably for about 4 hours.
  • In a particular preferred embodiment of the invention, the bromination reaction is carried out at suitable temperature, preferably at a temperature between 0 to 90° C., more preferably between 10 to 65° C., even more preferably between 15 to 35° C. and in particular at an ambient temperature between 19 to 25° C. In this way, beneficial mild reaction conditions can be set, which further contributes to form less byproducts compared to a nuclephilic substitution reaction for introducing bromine wherein elevated reaction temperatures are used. Higher yields are obtained, purification will be facilitated, and further synthesis steps to obtain Rosuvastatin are less affected by critical byproducts.
  • Surprisingly, when using compound of formula I as starting compound, the above described radical bromination proceeds within relatively short reaction times and high yields, even if no radical former is applied. The absence of a radical former is advantageous, since the reaction becomes more safe in view of operational safety, because radical formers are quite reactive and therefore dangerous to handle compounds. Furthermore, the costs for a radical former can be saved. Therefore, it is preferred to perform the bromination without a radical former. In addition, significantly less impurities are formed during the reaction if no radical former is used.
  • Nevertheless, if one wishes to further accelerate the bromination reaction, a radical former may be applied. If used, the radical former is preferably an organic peroxide, an organic peracid, an organic hydroperoxide or an organic azo compound. These radical performers are suitable for accelerating/supporting radical reactions. More preferably, the radical former is selected from benzoyl peroxide or azoisobutyronitrile, since these radical performers are readily commercially available and inexpensive.
  • If a radical former is applied in the bromination reaction, the initial amount of radical former is between about 0 to 0.5 molar stoichiometric amount based on compound I, preferably about 0 to 0.07 molar stoichiometric amount based on compound I, and more preferably no radical former is applied. The aforementioned amounts of radical former provide for an advantageous acceleration of the reaction, while still providing a stable and safe reaction.
  • According to one embodiment, the compound of formula II is isolated and purified, preferably by crystallization. In this way, a simple and effective purification method is applied, compared to labor, time and material intensive column chromatography. Since the bromination reaction is performed under mild conditions, there are less byproducts, and therefore, crystallisation will be sufficient in order to provide an advantageously pure product. Furthermore, it was found by that crystallisation performed with an MTBE/hexane mixture, and in particular with an MTBE/hexane mixture wherein the volume ratio of MTBE to hexane is 2 to 1, preferably 1 to 1 and more preferably 2 to 3 is particularly advantageous.
  • The compound of formula I can be obtained by a targeted synthesis. Or, according to a preferred embodiment, the compound of formula I is obtained as a side product in the preparation of rosuvastatin intermediates where the compound of formula I is formed in a Wittig reaction between a phosphonium salt, phosphine oxide or phosphonate (compound of formula X) of a corresponding rosuvastatin heterocycle—or their converted reagents in the corresponding ylide or phosphorane form (for phosphonium salt) or corresponding carbanion (for phosphine oxide or phosphonate) (compound of formula X′)—and a chiral statin side chain. An illustrative reaction system can be depicted from Scheme 1 below.
  • In Scheme 1, Z in the compound of formula X and X′ is selected from the group consisting of phosphonium salt moiety, phosphine oxide moiety or phosphonate moiety:
  • Figure US20120022091A1-20120126-C00021
  • wherein Rx, Ry, Rz are the same or different and are selected from optionally substituted C1-C8 alkyl or C3-C6 cycloalkyl or C1-C8 alkenyl or C5-C6 cycloalkenyl or aryl, preferably phenyl, and Xθ is an anion, preferably a halogen or carboxylate anion, more preferably chloride, bromide or trifluoroacetate;
  • Further in Scheme 1, P1 and P2 independently denote conventional hydroxyl protecting groups. The protecting group P1 and P2 may be any conventionally used protecting group for hydroxyl groups, for example selected independently from the group consisting of alkyl, branched alkyl, acyl, silyl or similar group, more particularly selected from acetonide, acetyl (Ac), pivaloyl (Piv), p-toluenesulfonyl (TOS), β-methoxyethoxymethyl ether (MEM), methoxymethyl ether (MOM), p-methoxybenzyl ether (PMB), methylthiomethyl ether, t-butyl, tetrahydropyranyl (THP), benzyl (Bn), diphenylmethyl or triphenylmethyl group, preferably silyl protecting group which can be represented by a formula SiR1′R2′R3′ in which R1′, R2′, R3′ are independently selected from alkyl (preferably C1-C6) or aryl (preferably C5-C10), such as SiMe3 (TMS), SiMe2 tBu (TBDMS), Si(i-Pr)3 (TIPS), SiPh2 tBu, SiMe2Ph.
  • Hence, as illustrated in Scheme 1, the protected final rosuvastatin intermediate can be used to proceed with the final synthesis steps for obtaining rosuvastatin or its salts, while alternatively or in addition the compound of formula I can be utilized by being recycled into another (same or different) rosuvastatin synthesis route.
  • Prior to the respective further use, the reaction products obtained in the Wittig reaction can be respectively separated by appropriate and known methods into the compound of formula I and the compound selected from formulas XI or XI′.
  • Figure US20120022091A1-20120126-C00022
  • Advantageously and surprisingly, the compound of formula I is more substantially formed when the Wittig reaction is performed with excess of the phosphonium salt (or its ylide or phosphorane), phosphine oxide (or its carbanion) or phosphonate (or its carbanion) Wittig reagent (e.g. a molar excess of compound X or X′ over compound IX or IX′ of suitably 5% or more, preferably 10% or more, and particularly 15% or more), more effectively after quenching with protic solvent, and/or when the Wittig reaction is performed in the presence of water or other protic molecules such as alcohols (e.g. methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol butanol and phenols), etc. The presence of water or other protic molecules may be accomplished by addition of water or typically known protic solvent types such as alcohols, but alternatively it is preferred and sufficient if e.g. undried or wet, or insufficiently dried solvent(s) introduced into the Wittig reaction is (are) used. According to another efficient embodiment, the starting compound of formula IX can obtained from its hydrate form in an appropriate solvent but without removal of the released water molecules, as shown in the following reaction scheme,
  • Figure US20120022091A1-20120126-C00023
  • and is then directly (i.e. without removal of water) introduced into the Wittig reaction. An appropriate solvent for the following reaction is tetrahydrofuran (THF), for example.
  • The provision and the utilization of the compound of formula I has a significant favorable impact on the efficiency of the overall process of the rosuvastatin synthesis. Since the heterocyclic part of the molecule is prepared in many laborious synthetic steps as disclosed e.g. in EP 521471, it is highly advantageous to recover the valuable compound of formula I and render it utilizable by specifically converting it into compounds of formula II or III, which in turn are capable of being beneficially used further, for example by converting them again into a phosphonium salt, phosphine oxide or phosphonate representing a further starting material for the preparation of rosuvastatin intermediates via Wittig reaction (as exemplified for example in Scheme 1 above). The compound of formula II can be directly transformed to phosphonium salt derivative, phosphine oxide or phosphonate (see e.g. US2005/0124639). Alternatively, the compound of formula I can be transformed to the compound of formula III, which can be converted to phosphonium salt derivative, phosphine oxide or phosphonate (see e.g. WO2007/017117). Although the compound of formula II can be prepared by prior art processes (see e.g. WO2007/017117), this process cannot be applied for the recovery of compound I to phosphonium salt derivative, phosphine oxide or phosphonate. Similarly, prior-art processes for the preparation of compound III as disclosed in the EP521471 cannot be used for recovery of the compound of formula I to phosphonium salt derivative, phosphine oxide or phosphonate.
  • Therefore, the provision of compound of formula I, besides being useful of its own, can contribute to a markedly improved overall yield of a rosuvastatin synthesis.
  • According to another aspect of the invention, a compound of formula III is prepared by a process comprising the step of converting a compound of formula II by hydrolysis into the compound of formula III, as depicted in the following scheme:
  • Figure US20120022091A1-20120126-C00024
  • According to a preferred embodiment, the above mentioned conversion is performed in the presence of an inorganic base, preferably an alkaline or alkaline earth carbonate or hydrogencarbonate, more preferably NaHCO3 is used as the inorganic base. Besides, it is preferred to add said inorganic base to the reaction mixture in the form of a saturated aqueous solution.
  • Preferably, the initial amount of inorganic base is between about 1 to 10 times the molar stoichiometric amount based on compound II, preferably about 3 to 7 times and more preferably 5 to 6 times.
  • According to another aspect of the present invention, the compound of formula III is prepared by a one-pot synthesis converting compound of formula I via non-isolated compound of formula II into the compound of formula ill as depicted in the following scheme.
  • Figure US20120022091A1-20120126-C00025
  • It was found feasible to yield compound of formula III without isolating and purifying the intermediate compound of formula II. Therefore, the number of process steps can be reduced, which makes the whole synthesis route substantially more efficient.
  • Preferably, the aforementioned one-pot synthesis is carried out by converting compound of formula I into compound of formula II by the above described bromination according to the present invention, or/and converting compound of formula II into compound of formula III by the above described hydrolysis according to the invention.
  • Furthermore, it is preferred to add a solvent to the resulting reaction batch after conversion of compound of formula I into compound of formula II is performed, in order to dilute the reaction batch. Conversion of compound of formula I into compound of formula II may e.g. be monitored by thin layer chromatography or high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Preferably, said solvent for dilution is selected from the group of solvents described for the above mentioned bromination reaction, and more preferably it is the same solvent as used in the bromination reaction. Thereby, an advantageous degree of dissolution of the compound of the formula II is obtained, which in turn provides for a smooth hydrolysis giving rise to high yields.
  • According to a further embodiment, the process for preparing the compound of the formula III further comprises the step of purifying compound of formula III, preferably by crystallization. In this way, a simple and effective purification method is applied, compared to labor, time and material intensive column chromatography. Since the hydrolysis reaction provides for a full conversion of compound of the formula II into compound of the formula III, crystallisation will be sufficient in order to provide an advantageously pure product. Furthermore, it was found by that crystallisation performed with an MTBE/hexane mixture, and in particular with an MTBE/hexane mixture wherein the volume ratio of MTBE to hexane is 2 to 1, preferably 1 to 1 and more preferably 2 to 3 is particularly advantageous.
  • The key intermediate compounds of formula II and III can then be subjected to further synthesis steps in order to yield Rosuvastatin or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof by synthesis routes known to or readily devisable by a person skilled in the art. As shown in the scheme below, following synthesis routes may be applied:
  • Figure US20120022091A1-20120126-C00026
  • For preparing a pharmaceutical composition comprising Rosuvastatin or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof as active ingredient, first Rosuvastatin or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof is provided by the process as described above.
  • Then, the thus prepared Rosuvastatin or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof is suitably admixed with at least one suitable pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. Pharmaceutically acceptable excipients may be selected from the group consisting of binders, diluents, disintegrating agents, stabilizing agents, preservatives, lubricants, fragrances, flavoring agents, sweeteners and other excipients known in the field of the pharmaceutical technology.
  • Preferably, excipients may be selected from the group consisting of lactose, microcrystalline cellulose, cellulose derivatives, e.g. hydroxypropylcellulose, polyacrylates, calcium carbonate, starch, colloidal silicone dioxide, sodium starch glycolate, talc, magnesium stearate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol and other excipients known in the field of the pharmaceutical technology.
    • EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES Example 1 Preparation of N-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)-6-isopropyl-5-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)-N-methyl-methanesulfonamide (I)
  • Figure US20120022091A1-20120126-C00027
  • To a cold (−42° C.), stirred suspension of ((4-(4-fluorophenyl)-6-isopropyl-2-(N-methylmethylsulfonamido)pyrimidin-5-yl)methyl)triphenylphosphonium bromide (814 mg, 1.20 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (25 mL) is added sodium hexamethyldisilazane in THE (1.2 mL of 1.0 M, 1.20 mmol). The reaction mixture is stirred for 45 min at −42° C., cooled to −82° C., and treated with a solution of (2S,4R)-4-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-6-oxo-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carbaldehyde (266 mg, 1.03 mmol) obtained by dissolution of its hydrate (284 mg, 1.03 mmol) in 15 mL of tetrahydrofurane without removal of released water. After 30 min of stirring, the solution is warmed to −53 to −58° C. and stirred further for 6 hours. Then, the mixture is allowed to warm to ambient temperature in 100 min and treated with saturated ammonium chloride solution (40 mL). After stirring for 10 min at 10° C. the aqueous phase is treated with 20 mL of water and 40 mL of saturated solution of brine. The product is extracted with t-BuMeO (50 mL+4×30 mL). The combined organic layers dried (MgSO4) and concentrated under reduced pressure (11 mbar) at 40° C. to give white solid. The residue is purified by silica gel chromatography (elution with hexane/AcOEt=3:1 mixture) to give 170 mg (42%) of N-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)-6-isopropyl-5-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)-N-methylmethanesulfonamide (I). Rf (hexane/AcOEt=3:1)=0.42. White solid m.p. 113-114° C. 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3, 25° C.): δ=7.56 (m, 2H), 7.14 (m, 2H), 3.55 (s, 3H), 3.51 (s, 3H), 3.31 (sept, 3J=6.7 Hz, 1H), 2.28 (s, 3H), 1.30 (d, 3J=6.7 Hz, 6H) ppm. 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3, 25° C.): δ=175.3, 164.6, 163.8 (d, JC-F=249 Hz), 156.7, 134.7 (d, JC-F=3.4 Hz), 131.1 (d, JC-F=8.3 Hz), 118.6, 115.1 (d, JC-F=21.5 Hz), 42.2, 33.0, 31.8, 21.2, 14.1 ppm. MS (ESI+) m/z (%): 338 (MH+, 100). Anal. Calcd for C16H20FN3C2S: C, 56.95; H, 5.97; N, 12.45. Found: C, 56.95; H, 5.85; N, 12.45.
    • Example 2
  • Figure US20120022091A1-20120126-C00028
  • N-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-methyl-6-isopropylpyrimidin-2-yl)-N-methylmethanesulfonamide (112.5 mg, 0.33 mmol, 1 equiv.) and N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) (126 mg, 0.72 mmol, 2.1 equiv.) were dissolved in 2 mL of acetonitrile. The mixture was irradiated with light of a wavelength λ=310 nm for 4 hours at ambient temperature (about 20° C.). Then, water (10 mL) was added and the mixture was extracted with CH2Cl2 (3×10 mL). The combined organic phases were washed with 10 mL of brine, and the obtained solution was dried with Na2SO4. Solvent was removed under the reduced pressure to give 138.6 mg of crude N-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-(bromomethyl)-6-isopropylpyrimidin-2-yl)-N-methylmethanesulfonamide (II), which contained 93% of N-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-(bromomethyl)-6-isopropylpyrimidin-2-yl)-N-methylmethanesulfonamide (II) as determined by 1H-NMR integral. This product can be further purified by crystallization from MTBE/hexane mixture to afford pure material.
    • Example 3
  • Figure US20120022091A1-20120126-C00029
  • N-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-methyl-6-isopropylpyrimidin-2-yl)-N-methylmethanesulfonamide (112.5 mg, 0.33 mmol, 1 equiv.) and N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) (118.7 mg, 0.66 mmol, 2 equiv.) were dissolved in 2 mL of acetonitrile. The mixture was irradiated with light of a wavelength λ=310 nm for 4 hours at ambient temperature (about 20° C.). The obtained yellow solution was diluted with 1 mL of acetonitrile. After 2 mL of saturated NaHCO3 solution was added, the obtained mixture was further stirred under reflux for 4 hours. Then the mixture was cooled to room temperature, water (10 mL) was added and the mixture was extracted with CH2Cl2 (3×10 mL). The combined organic phases were washed with 10 mL of brine, and the obtained solution was dried with Na2SO4. Solvent was removed under the reduced pressure to give 110.8 mg (95%) of crude N-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-6-isopropylpyrimidin-2-yl)-N-methylmethanesulfonamide (III) which contained 77% of N-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-6-isopropylpyrimidin-2-yl)-N-methylmethanesulfonamide (III) as determined by 1H-NMR integral. This product can be further purified by crystallization from MTBE/hexane mixture to afford pure material (HPLC area %=99.6) with Tm=140-141° C.

Claims (20)

1. A process for preparing the compound of formula II
Figure US20120022091A1-20120126-C00030
comprising the steps of:
providing a compound of formula I:
Figure US20120022091A1-20120126-C00031
and converting the compound of formula I by bromination into the compound of formula II.
2. The process according to claim 1, wherein said bromination is performed with an N-bromoamide as a brominating agent, wherein said N-bromoamide is selected from the group consisting of N-bromoacetamide, N,N-dibromobenzene sulfonamides, N-bromosuccinimide, N-bromophthalimide, N-bromoglutarimide, 3-bromo-hydantoin and 1,3-dibromo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin.
3. The process according to claim 2, wherein the initial amount of brominating agent is from about 1 to about 3 times the molar stoichiometric amount based on compound I.
4. The process according to claim 1, wherein the bromination reaction is performed in an organic solvent selected from the group consisting of acetone, ethyl acetate, hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, acetonitrile and a mixture thereof.
5. The process according to claim 1 avoiding use of HBr and PBr3.
6. The process according to claim 1, which is performed under treatment of ultraviolet radiation, wherein said ultraviolet radiation has a wavelength of about 200 to 400 nm.
7. The process according to claim 1, wherein the bromination is carried out at a temperature between 0 to 90° C.
8. The process according to claim 1, further comprising a step of purifying of the compound of formula II.
9. A process for preparing a compound of formula I
Figure US20120022091A1-20120126-C00032
comprising a step of reacting a compound of formula IX or IX′
Figure US20120022091A1-20120126-C00033
wherein P1 and P2 respectively denote same or different hydroxy protecting groups and R is selected from alkyl or aryl;
with a compound of formula X or X′
Figure US20120022091A1-20120126-C00034
wherein Z is selected from the group consisting of:
Figure US20120022091A1-20120126-C00035
and wherein Rx, Ry, and Rz, are the same or different and are selected from optionally substituted C1-C8 alkyl or C3-C6 cycloalkyl or C1-C8 alkenyl or C5-C6 cycloalkenyl or aryl, and Xθ is an anion;
wherein in said reaction the compound of formula X or X′ is used in molar excess over the compound of formula IX or IX′, and/or wherein the reaction takes place in the presence of water or other protic molecules,
to obtain the compound of formula I.
10. The process according to claim 9, wherein the compound of formula I is obtained as a product besides a compound selected from formulas XI or XI′
Figure US20120022091A1-20120126-C00036
wherein P1 and P2 respectively denote same or different hydroxy protecting groups;
wherein the obtained compound selected from formulas XI and XI′ is used to be subsequently converted to Rosuvastatin or its salt.
11. A process for preparing rosuvastatin, comprising:
(a) reacting a compound of formula IX or IX′
Figure US20120022091A1-20120126-C00037
wherein P1 and P2 respectively denote same or different hydroxy protecting groups and R is selected from alkyl or aryl;
with a compound of formula X or X′
Figure US20120022091A1-20120126-C00038
wherein Z is selected from the group consisting of:
Figure US20120022091A1-20120126-C00039
and wherein Rx, Ry, and Rz, are the same or different and are selected from optionally substituted C1-C8 alkyl or C3-C6 cycloalkyl or C1-C8 alkenyl or C5-C6 cycloalkenyl or aryl and Xθ is an anion;
(b) obtaining reaction products of
a compound of formula I
Figure US20120022091A1-20120126-C00040
and
a compound selected from formulas XI or XI′
Figure US20120022091A1-20120126-C00041
wherein P1 and P2 are as defined above;
(c) using the obtained compound selected from formulas XI and XI′ for conversion into Rosuvastatin or its salt; and
(d) using the obtained compound of formula I for providing said compound in a process according to claim 1 in a recycling process for producing rosuvastatin.
12. The process according to claim 11, wherein in step (b) the obtained reaction products are respectively separated into the compound of formula I and the compound selected from formulas XI or XI′, prior to the respective use in step (d).
13. A process for preparing a compound of formula III
Figure US20120022091A1-20120126-C00042
comprising the step of converting the compound of formula II
Figure US20120022091A1-20120126-C00043
by hydrolysis into the compound of formula III.
14. The process according to claim 13, wherein hydrolysis is performed in the presence of an inorganic base.
15. A one-pot process for preparing the compound of formula III
Figure US20120022091A1-20120126-C00044
comprising converting a compound of formula I
Figure US20120022091A1-20120126-C00045
by reaction via non-isolated compound of formula II
Figure US20120022091A1-20120126-C00046
into the compound of formula III.
16. The process according to claim 13, further comprising the step of purifying compound of formula III.
17. A process for the preparation of Rosuvastatin or pharmaceutically acceptable salt of Rosuvastatin, comprising the steps of:
a) carrying out a process for preparing the compound of formula I according to claim 9, carrying out a process for preparing the compound of formula II by converting the compound of formula I by bromination into the compound of formula II
or carrying out a process for preparing the compound of formula III by converting the compound of formula II by hydrolysis into the compound of formula III, and
b) subjecting the compound of formula I, II or III respectively to further synthesis steps to yield Rosuvastatin or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
18. A process for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition comprising Rosuvastatin as active ingredient, comprising the steps of:
a) preparing Rosuvastatin or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof according to the process according to claim 17, and
b) admixing the thus prepared Rosuvastatin or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof with at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
19. A process for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition comprising Rosuvastatin as active ingredient, comprising the steps of:
a) preparing Rosuvastatin or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof according to the process according claim 10,
b) admixing the thus prepared Rosuvastatin or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof with at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
20. (canceled)
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