US20110226349A1 - Rail vehicle having a sanitary assembly - Google Patents
Rail vehicle having a sanitary assembly Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20110226349A1 US20110226349A1 US13/051,483 US201113051483A US2011226349A1 US 20110226349 A1 US20110226349 A1 US 20110226349A1 US 201113051483 A US201113051483 A US 201113051483A US 2011226349 A1 US2011226349 A1 US 2011226349A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- waste water
- rail vehicle
- water pipeline
- return flow
- flow barrier
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
- B61D35/00—Sanitation
- B61D35/005—Toilet facilities
- B61D35/007—Toilet facilities comprising toilet waste receiving, treatment, storage, disposal or removal devices
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
- Y10T137/6851—With casing, support, protector or static constructional installations
- Y10T137/6855—Vehicle
- Y10T137/6866—Railway car
Definitions
- the invention relates to a rail vehicle with a sanitary assembly at which waste water is produced, and with a waste water pipeline between the sanitary assembly and a connector for a target container for receiving waste water. It is thereby possible to connect the target container via a further connector to a waste water pipeline in order to empty it into a target container on the land.
- a waste water connector of the sanitary assembly is located lower than at least a portion of the waste water pipeline so that the waste water has to be conveyed through the waste water line counter to the force of gravity.
- waste water is conveyed through a waste water pipeline, which can be formed by a fixed pipe, a flexible tube or a combination thereof, often not under the force of gravity. Rather, it is frequently necessary to use technical measures to support the conveying of waste water to a corresponding target container, which may be for example a waste water tank or else a suction-extraction device on the land. Such technical measures operate for example using compressed air or a vacuum and convey the waste water “upward” counter to the force of gravity.
- the present conveying direction for the waste water pipeline (“upward”) results in a return flow of liquid which has not been conveyed to the target container. This return flow wets the inner surface of the pipe and has to be conveyed again at a later time. An accumulation of liquid in the waste water pipe is viewed negatively, since it has repercussions for the frost protection of the waste water pipeline.
- a rail vehicle with a sanitary assembly at which waste water is produced comprising:
- waste water pipeline extending between the sanitary assembly and a connector for a target container for receiving waste water
- a waste water connector for connecting said waste water pipeline to the sanitary assembly is disposed lower than at least a portion of said waste water pipeline leading to the target container, and the waste water is conveyed through the waste water line counter to a force of gravity;
- At least one return flow barrier disposed in said waste water pipeline and arranged between said waste water connector of the sanitary assembly and said connector for the target container.
- the objects of the invention are achieved in that the waste water line has at least one return flow barrier which is arranged between the waste water connector of the sanitary assembly and the portion of the waste water pipeline in which a wastewater backflow is most likely to occur.
- the return flow barrier is arranged in a substantially horizontally extending portion of the waste water pipeline. This increases the effectiveness of the return flow barrier in the waste water pipeline.
- the return flow barrier can be formed by a rise and a subsequent drop in the course of the waste water pipeline. This ensures that waste water is prevented from flowing back by the rise in the course of the waste water pipeline and accumulates in the conveying direction downstream of the rise.
- the rise can preferably amount to at least one pipe diameter. It is also possible for the rise to amount to a number of pipe diameters, it being necessary in each case to ensure that an expected quantity of waste water flowing back is reliably held back by the return flow barrier.
- a portion of the waste water pipeline that is located downstream of the return flow barrier in the conveying direction of the waste water can be designed to be heated, so that in the event of frost affecting the waste water pipeline, possible damage can be reliably avoided.
- the single FIGURE shows a schematic view of a part of a sanitary system of a rail vehicle.
- the sanitary assembly 1 which may be for example a toilet with a commode, a wash basin, or a shower, is connected via a waste water connector 2 to a waste water pipeline 3 .
- the waste water pipeline 3 opens out at a connector 4 of a target container 5 which serves to receive the waste water.
- the target container 5 can be present as a waste water or sewage container that is carried on the rail vehicle.
- a waste water line between the target container 5 and a further target container which is arranged outside the rail vehicle and is present as a suction-extraction device on the land.
- the waste water connector 2 of the sanitary assembly 1 is located lower than a portion of the waste water pipeline 3 to the connector 4 of the target container 5 , and so waste water has to be conveyed counter to the force of gravity. This is typically done with the aid of compressed air or with a vacuum.
- the waste water pipeline 3 Starting from the connector 2 , the waste water pipeline 3 first of all extends substantially horizontally in the conveying direction of the waste water, is then arranged in an obliquely upward manner, and opens out via a pipe bend, i.e., an elbow, in an obliquely downward manner in the region of the target container 5 .
- a pipe bend i.e., an elbow
- the inside of the waste water pipe is wetted with waste water at the end of a conveying cycle.
- this waste water flows to the nearest locally lowest point in the waste water pipeline, to a certain extent also counter to the conveying direction of the waste water back toward the sanitary assembly 1 .
- the waste water pipeline 3 has a return flow barrier 6 , which is formed in the flow direction of the waste water by a rise and a subsequent drop in the course of the waste water pipeline 3 .
- the rise corresponds to approximately four times the diameter of the waste water pipeline 3 .
- the return flow barrier 6 causes waste water which has not been discharged from the pipeline region to accumulate in the region of the drop in the return flow barrier 6 downstream of the latter in the conveying direction. This means that unconveyed waste water cannot continue flowing toward the sanitary assembly 1 . It is thus easier to move the waste water to the target container 5 in a subsequent waste water conveying cycle.
- a heating arrangement or heater 7 is provided adjacent to the waste water pipeline 3 immediately downstream of the return flow barrier 6 in the flow direction of the waste water.
- This heater 7 is suitable for providing warmth to that region of the waste water pipeline 3 in which waste water that flows back accumulates.
- the return flow barrier 6 does not necessarily have to have a uniform pipe diameter. Rather, different diameters are also conceivable over the pipe bend which forms the return flow barrier 6 . Three-dimensional forms of the return flow barrier 6 are also possible. If required, a plurality of return flow barriers can also be provided along the waste water pipeline 3 .
- the return flow barrier 6 is typically formed from a plurality of pipe bends and so can be constructed easily.
Abstract
A rail vehicle has a sanitary assembly at which waste water is produced. A waste water pipeline extends between the sanitary assembly and a connector for a target container for receiving waste water. The waste water connector of the sanitary assembly is located lower than at least a portion of the waste water pipeline to the target container so that the waste water has to be conveyed through the waste water line counter to the force of gravity. The waste water pipeline is formed with at least one return flow barrier.
Description
- This application claims the priority, under 35 U.S.C. §119, of German patent application DE 10 2010 011 881.8, filed Mar. 18, 2010; the prior application is herewith incorporated by reference in its entirety.
- The invention relates to a rail vehicle with a sanitary assembly at which waste water is produced, and with a waste water pipeline between the sanitary assembly and a connector for a target container for receiving waste water. It is thereby possible to connect the target container via a further connector to a waste water pipeline in order to empty it into a target container on the land. A waste water connector of the sanitary assembly is located lower than at least a portion of the waste water pipeline so that the waste water has to be conveyed through the waste water line counter to the force of gravity.
- In rail vehicles, waste water is conveyed through a waste water pipeline, which can be formed by a fixed pipe, a flexible tube or a combination thereof, often not under the force of gravity. Rather, it is frequently necessary to use technical measures to support the conveying of waste water to a corresponding target container, which may be for example a waste water tank or else a suction-extraction device on the land. Such technical measures operate for example using compressed air or a vacuum and convey the waste water “upward” counter to the force of gravity.
- The present conveying direction for the waste water pipeline (“upward”) results in a return flow of liquid which has not been conveyed to the target container. This return flow wets the inner surface of the pipe and has to be conveyed again at a later time. An accumulation of liquid in the waste water pipe is viewed negatively, since it has repercussions for the frost protection of the waste water pipeline.
- It is accordingly an object of the invention to provide a rail vehicle with a sewage system that overcomes the above-mentioned disadvantages of the heretofore-known devices and methods of this general type and which provides for a rail vehicle of the type mentioned at the beginning such that there is a greater degree of frost protection for the waste water pipeline.
- With the foregoing and other objects in view there is provided, in accordance with the invention, a rail vehicle with a sanitary assembly at which waste water is produced, the rail vehicle comprising:
- a waste water pipeline extending between the sanitary assembly and a connector for a target container for receiving waste water;
- wherein a waste water connector for connecting said waste water pipeline to the sanitary assembly is disposed lower than at least a portion of said waste water pipeline leading to the target container, and the waste water is conveyed through the waste water line counter to a force of gravity; and
- at least one return flow barrier disposed in said waste water pipeline and arranged between said waste water connector of the sanitary assembly and said connector for the target container.
- In other words, the objects of the invention are achieved in that the waste water line has at least one return flow barrier which is arranged between the waste water connector of the sanitary assembly and the portion of the waste water pipeline in which a wastewater backflow is most likely to occur.
- The effect of such a return flow barrier is that waste water that runs back accumulates at one point in the waste water line and can be discharged more effectively at a later time.
- Preferably, the return flow barrier is arranged in a substantially horizontally extending portion of the waste water pipeline. This increases the effectiveness of the return flow barrier in the waste water pipeline.
- Advantageously, the return flow barrier can be formed by a rise and a subsequent drop in the course of the waste water pipeline. This ensures that waste water is prevented from flowing back by the rise in the course of the waste water pipeline and accumulates in the conveying direction downstream of the rise.
- The rise can preferably amount to at least one pipe diameter. It is also possible for the rise to amount to a number of pipe diameters, it being necessary in each case to ensure that an expected quantity of waste water flowing back is reliably held back by the return flow barrier.
- A portion of the waste water pipeline that is located downstream of the return flow barrier in the conveying direction of the waste water can be designed to be heated, so that in the event of frost affecting the waste water pipeline, possible damage can be reliably avoided.
- Other features which are considered as characteristic for the invention are set forth in the appended claims.
- Although the invention is illustrated and described herein as embodied in a rail vehicle having a sanitary assembly, it is nevertheless not intended to be limited to the details shown, since various modifications and structural changes may be made therein without departing from the spirit of the invention and within the scope and range of equivalents of the claims.
- The construction and method of operation of the invention, however, together with additional objects and advantages thereof will be best understood from the following description of specific embodiments when read in connection with the accompanying drawing.
- The single FIGURE shows a schematic view of a part of a sanitary system of a rail vehicle.
- Referring now to the FIGURE of the drawing in detail there is shown a
sanitary assembly 1 in arail vehicle 8 in which waste water, or sewage, is produced. It is necessary to provide measures for discharging the waste water. In the exemplary embodiment, thesanitary assembly 1, which may be for example a toilet with a commode, a wash basin, or a shower, is connected via awaste water connector 2 to awaste water pipeline 3. In the conveying direction of the waste water, thewaste water pipeline 3 opens out at a connector 4 of atarget container 5 which serves to receive the waste water. Thetarget container 5 can be present as a waste water or sewage container that is carried on the rail vehicle. Alternatively, it is also conceivable to consider a waste water line between thetarget container 5 and a further target container which is arranged outside the rail vehicle and is present as a suction-extraction device on the land. - The
waste water connector 2 of thesanitary assembly 1 is located lower than a portion of thewaste water pipeline 3 to the connector 4 of thetarget container 5, and so waste water has to be conveyed counter to the force of gravity. This is typically done with the aid of compressed air or with a vacuum. - Starting from the
connector 2, thewaste water pipeline 3 first of all extends substantially horizontally in the conveying direction of the waste water, is then arranged in an obliquely upward manner, and opens out via a pipe bend, i.e., an elbow, in an obliquely downward manner in the region of thetarget container 5. - On account of the great length of the
waste water pipeline 3, which can be found in particular in the case of particular types of rail vehicles, such as double-decker vehicles or sleeper vehicles, the inside of the waste water pipe is wetted with waste water at the end of a conveying cycle. At the end of the conveying cycle, this waste water flows to the nearest locally lowest point in the waste water pipeline, to a certain extent also counter to the conveying direction of the waste water back toward thesanitary assembly 1. In order to limit such a return flow effectively, thewaste water pipeline 3 has areturn flow barrier 6, which is formed in the flow direction of the waste water by a rise and a subsequent drop in the course of thewaste water pipeline 3. In the illustrated exemplary embodiment, the rise corresponds to approximately four times the diameter of thewaste water pipeline 3. Thereturn flow barrier 6 causes waste water which has not been discharged from the pipeline region to accumulate in the region of the drop in thereturn flow barrier 6 downstream of the latter in the conveying direction. This means that unconveyed waste water cannot continue flowing toward thesanitary assembly 1. It is thus easier to move the waste water to thetarget container 5 in a subsequent waste water conveying cycle. - In order to avoid frost damage, that is, damage caused by freezing in the region of the drop in the
return flow barrier 6, a heating arrangement orheater 7 is provided adjacent to thewaste water pipeline 3 immediately downstream of thereturn flow barrier 6 in the flow direction of the waste water. Thisheater 7 is suitable for providing warmth to that region of thewaste water pipeline 3 in which waste water that flows back accumulates. As a result, if there is reason to fear frost damage to thewaste water pipeline 3, the formation of ice downstream of thereturn flow barrier 6 in thewaste water pipeline 3 can be avoided. - It is noted that the
return flow barrier 6 does not necessarily have to have a uniform pipe diameter. Rather, different diameters are also conceivable over the pipe bend which forms thereturn flow barrier 6. Three-dimensional forms of thereturn flow barrier 6 are also possible. If required, a plurality of return flow barriers can also be provided along thewaste water pipeline 3. - The
return flow barrier 6 is typically formed from a plurality of pipe bends and so can be constructed easily.
Claims (7)
1. A rail vehicle with a sanitary assembly at which waste water is produced, the rail vehicle comprising:
a waste water pipeline extending between the sanitary assembly and a connector for a target container for receiving waste water;
wherein a waste water connector for connecting said waste water pipeline to the sanitary assembly is disposed lower than at least a portion of said waste water pipeline leading to the target container, and the waste water is conveyed through the waste water line counter to a force of gravity; and
at least one return flow barrier disposed in said waste water pipeline and arranged between said waste water connector of the sanitary assembly and said connector for the target container.
2. The rail vehicle according to claim 1 , wherein said return flow barrier is disposed in a substantially horizontally extending portion of said waste water pipeline.
3. The rail vehicle according to claim 1 , wherein said return flow barrier is formed by a rise and a subsequent drop in a course of said waste water pipeline.
4. The rail vehicle according to claim 3 , wherein said rise amounts to at least one pipe diameter.
5. The rail vehicle according to claim 1 , wherein said return flow barrier is formed by pipe bends.
6. The rail vehicle according to claim 1 , wherein a portion of said waste water pipeline that is located downstream of said return flow barrier in a conveying direction of the waste water is a heatable portion.
7. The rail vehicle according to claim 6 , which comprises a heater disposed in a vicinity or at said heatable portion of said waste water pipeline.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102010011881.8 | 2010-03-18 | ||
DE201010011881 DE102010011881A1 (en) | 2010-03-18 | 2010-03-18 | Rail vehicle with a sanitary device |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20110226349A1 true US20110226349A1 (en) | 2011-09-22 |
Family
ID=44201997
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US13/051,483 Abandoned US20110226349A1 (en) | 2010-03-18 | 2011-03-18 | Rail vehicle having a sanitary assembly |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20110226349A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2371654B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102010011881A1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2493315T3 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
RU172949U1 (en) * | 2016-11-15 | 2017-08-01 | Открытое акционерное общество "Тверской вагоностроительный завод" (ОАО "ТВЗ") | SANITARY-HYGIENIC EQUIPMENT OF TWO-STOREY PASSENGER CAR |
Citations (20)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1613848A (en) * | 1925-04-28 | 1927-01-11 | John H Allen | Passenger-car waste-transfer apparatus |
US2768386A (en) * | 1952-06-10 | 1956-10-30 | O & M Machine Company Inc | Excreta disposing toilet |
US3597769A (en) * | 1969-03-13 | 1971-08-10 | Gen Time Corp | Waste disposal system |
US3956776A (en) * | 1975-05-28 | 1976-05-18 | Thetford Corporation | Liquid waste material conveying system for toilets and the like |
US4706701A (en) * | 1986-07-31 | 1987-11-17 | Cresswell Robert L | Odor trap assembly |
US5100266A (en) * | 1989-08-31 | 1992-03-31 | Ebara Corporation | Pipe connection structure and vacuum-type sewage collecting apparatus incorporating the pipe connection structure |
US5245710A (en) * | 1991-12-30 | 1993-09-21 | Microphor, Inc. | Flush toilet and method |
US5369811A (en) * | 1992-02-05 | 1994-12-06 | Serre; Gerard | Vacuum toilet system with odor filter |
US5524655A (en) * | 1995-04-04 | 1996-06-11 | Envirovac Inc. | Precharge mechanism for vacuum toilet system |
US5621924A (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 1997-04-22 | Sealand Ttechnology, Inc. | Vacuum tank construction for a vacuum toilet assembly |
US5956780A (en) * | 1992-04-02 | 1999-09-28 | Norcan Aircraft Corporation | Vacuum flush waste disposal system for railcars |
US6085366A (en) * | 1999-07-02 | 2000-07-11 | Evac International Oy | Apparatus for supplying pressurized rinse water to a toilet |
US6131596A (en) * | 1999-07-09 | 2000-10-17 | Evac International Oy | Automatic vacuum isolation valve network for a vacuum collection system |
US6247191B1 (en) * | 1999-12-21 | 2001-06-19 | General Electric Company | Locomotive sanitation apparatus and method of protecting the same from freezing |
US6305403B1 (en) * | 1999-09-16 | 2001-10-23 | Evac International Oy | Aeration apparatus for a vertical riser in a vacuum drainage system |
US20010034902A1 (en) * | 1992-04-02 | 2001-11-01 | Tyler Steven J. | Vacuum flush waste disposal system for railcars |
US20020043283A1 (en) * | 1997-02-25 | 2002-04-18 | Bouwkamp Gertjan Roelof | Device for controlling a liquid flow |
US20030074728A1 (en) * | 2000-06-12 | 2003-04-24 | Conde Miguel De Sagarra | Toilet with a modular vacuum flush system |
US6804840B2 (en) * | 2002-06-14 | 2004-10-19 | Thetford Corporation | Positive pressure waste transfer system |
US6990993B2 (en) * | 2003-10-06 | 2006-01-31 | Acorn Engineering Company | Vacuum drainage system |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
NL1005369C1 (en) * | 1997-02-25 | 1998-09-18 | Gertjan Roelof Bouwkamp | Device for controlling a liquid flow. |
EP0861947B1 (en) * | 1997-02-26 | 2003-05-07 | Sealand Technology, Inc. | Combined vacuum and holding tank |
IES20020143A2 (en) * | 2002-02-22 | 2003-01-22 | Peter Oliver Gibney | A mobile cabin with toilet facilites |
-
2010
- 2010-03-18 DE DE201010011881 patent/DE102010011881A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2011
- 2011-02-25 EP EP20110156034 patent/EP2371654B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2011-02-25 ES ES11156034.8T patent/ES2493315T3/en active Active
- 2011-03-18 US US13/051,483 patent/US20110226349A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (20)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1613848A (en) * | 1925-04-28 | 1927-01-11 | John H Allen | Passenger-car waste-transfer apparatus |
US2768386A (en) * | 1952-06-10 | 1956-10-30 | O & M Machine Company Inc | Excreta disposing toilet |
US3597769A (en) * | 1969-03-13 | 1971-08-10 | Gen Time Corp | Waste disposal system |
US3956776A (en) * | 1975-05-28 | 1976-05-18 | Thetford Corporation | Liquid waste material conveying system for toilets and the like |
US4706701A (en) * | 1986-07-31 | 1987-11-17 | Cresswell Robert L | Odor trap assembly |
US5100266A (en) * | 1989-08-31 | 1992-03-31 | Ebara Corporation | Pipe connection structure and vacuum-type sewage collecting apparatus incorporating the pipe connection structure |
US5245710A (en) * | 1991-12-30 | 1993-09-21 | Microphor, Inc. | Flush toilet and method |
US5369811A (en) * | 1992-02-05 | 1994-12-06 | Serre; Gerard | Vacuum toilet system with odor filter |
US5956780A (en) * | 1992-04-02 | 1999-09-28 | Norcan Aircraft Corporation | Vacuum flush waste disposal system for railcars |
US20010034902A1 (en) * | 1992-04-02 | 2001-11-01 | Tyler Steven J. | Vacuum flush waste disposal system for railcars |
US5524655A (en) * | 1995-04-04 | 1996-06-11 | Envirovac Inc. | Precharge mechanism for vacuum toilet system |
US5621924A (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 1997-04-22 | Sealand Ttechnology, Inc. | Vacuum tank construction for a vacuum toilet assembly |
US20020043283A1 (en) * | 1997-02-25 | 2002-04-18 | Bouwkamp Gertjan Roelof | Device for controlling a liquid flow |
US6085366A (en) * | 1999-07-02 | 2000-07-11 | Evac International Oy | Apparatus for supplying pressurized rinse water to a toilet |
US6131596A (en) * | 1999-07-09 | 2000-10-17 | Evac International Oy | Automatic vacuum isolation valve network for a vacuum collection system |
US6305403B1 (en) * | 1999-09-16 | 2001-10-23 | Evac International Oy | Aeration apparatus for a vertical riser in a vacuum drainage system |
US6247191B1 (en) * | 1999-12-21 | 2001-06-19 | General Electric Company | Locomotive sanitation apparatus and method of protecting the same from freezing |
US20030074728A1 (en) * | 2000-06-12 | 2003-04-24 | Conde Miguel De Sagarra | Toilet with a modular vacuum flush system |
US6804840B2 (en) * | 2002-06-14 | 2004-10-19 | Thetford Corporation | Positive pressure waste transfer system |
US6990993B2 (en) * | 2003-10-06 | 2006-01-31 | Acorn Engineering Company | Vacuum drainage system |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
RU172949U1 (en) * | 2016-11-15 | 2017-08-01 | Открытое акционерное общество "Тверской вагоностроительный завод" (ОАО "ТВЗ") | SANITARY-HYGIENIC EQUIPMENT OF TWO-STOREY PASSENGER CAR |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2371654B1 (en) | 2014-06-25 |
DE102010011881A1 (en) | 2011-09-22 |
EP2371654A3 (en) | 2013-01-16 |
EP2371654A2 (en) | 2011-10-05 |
ES2493315T3 (en) | 2014-09-11 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT, GERMANY Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:ARRAS, BURKHARD;REEL/FRAME:029629/0939 Effective date: 20110318 |
|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |