US20110038641A1 - Optical transceiver with gradual stop or start function - Google Patents
Optical transceiver with gradual stop or start function Download PDFInfo
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- US20110038641A1 US20110038641A1 US11/711,130 US71113007A US2011038641A1 US 20110038641 A1 US20110038641 A1 US 20110038641A1 US 71113007 A US71113007 A US 71113007A US 2011038641 A1 US2011038641 A1 US 2011038641A1
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- control unit
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/50—Transmitters
- H04B10/564—Power control
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
- H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
- H04J14/0221—Power control, e.g. to keep the total optical power constant
Definitions
- Each transceiver in the WDM system outputs the optical signal, which is directly or indirectly modulated by the electrical signal input therein.
- This state namely, a state outputting a modulated optical signal
- the optical transceiver is sometimes compelled to stop the modulation independent of the input electrical signal by a command sent from the host system, or to keep the optical output power constant at a preset level smaller than the low level in the ON state, which is called as the OFF state.
- the transition from the ON state to the OFF state is often called as the DISABLE of the optical output, while, the transition from the OFF state to the ON state is sometimes called as the ENABLE of the optical output.
- the input level of the optical amplifier depends on the states of the optical transceivers that send optical signals in the optical transmission line.
- the optical amplifier operates to keep the optical gain thereof constant; the time constant to keep the optical gain is slower than the time constant to change the state of the optical transceiver, namely, a time from the ON state to the OFF state or from the OFF state to the ON state. Accordingly, the gain of the optical amplifier becomes excessive or insufficient during the transition period of the optical gain, which disarranges the optical level of each optical signal.
- the optical signal transmitted in the optical transmission line is amplified by a plurality of the optical amplifiers until the signal reaches the end station, which accumulates the variation of the optical levels of each signal.
- the laser diode outputs an optical signal.
- the auto-power-control circuit adjusts output power of the optical signal to a target value.
- the control unit that provides a reference table to store a plurality of references is configured to receive a command from the host controller, and to sequentially set, synchronizing with the command, one of references read from the table, in the auto-power-control circuit as the target value.
- the output power of the optical signal from the laser diode gradually varies in step wise.
- Another aspect of the present invention relates to a method for adjusting output power of an optical signal output from the optical transceiver.
- the process comprises steps of; (a) receiving a command from the host controller, where the command determines whether the optical transceiver is in an operating mode or a holding mode, (b) reading one of references stored in the reference table by the control unit, (c) setting one of the references that is read from the reference table into the auto-power-control circuit as the target value, (d) varying the output power of the optical signal output from the laser diode to the target value by the auto-power-control circuit, and (e) iterating steps from (b) to (d) until the output power of the optical signal becomes a predetermined value.
- the output power of the optical signal is gradually varied in step wise.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the WDM system with the long reach configuration
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the optical transceiver according to the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a flow chart executed at the DISABLE of the optical signal
- FIG. 4 is a time chart of the DISABLE operation of the optical transceiver
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a look-up table storing control parameters
- FIG. 6 is a flow chart executed at the ENABLE of the optical signal
- FIG. 7 is a time chart of the ENABLE operation of the optical transceiver
- FIG. 8 is a time chart of the DISABLE operation of a conventional transceiver.
- FIG. 9 is a time chart of the ENABLE operation of a conventional transceiver.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the WDM system with the long reach that applies optical transceivers, 10 and 20 , of the present embodiment.
- the WDM system 100 performs the full-duplex optical communication between transceivers, 10 and 20 .
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the optical transceiver 10 .
- another optical transceiver 20 may configure the same architecture with that of the optical transceiver 10 . Accordingly, explanations below may be applicable to the other optical transceiver 20 in the counter station.
- the TOSA 22 installs a semiconductor laser diode (LD) 21 that emits the optical signal 41 .
- the processing unit 26 integrates an LD driver 30 that sends an electrical driving signal corresponding to the optical signal 41 to the LD 21 to drive the LD.
- the processing unit 26 also includes an auto-power control (APC) circuit 32 to adjust a magnitude and an extinction ratio of the optical signal. That is, the APC circuit 32 keeps it constant for the average magnitude and the extinction ratio of the optical signal 41 output from the LD 21 .
- APC auto-power control
- the LD 21 is mounted on a thermo-electric cooler (TEC) in the TOSA 22 , which is not illustrated in FIG. 2 .
- a TEC controller 23 controls a temperature of the LD 21 by adjusting the temperature of the TEC.
- the control unit 28 controls the TEC controller 23 .
- the ROSA 24 includes an avalanche photodiode (APD) to receive the optical signal 42 .
- An APD controller 25 supplies a bias voltage whose level is controlled by the control unit 28 to the APD to convert the optical signal 42 into an electric signal with a preset conversion gain.
- the electrical signal converted by the APD is amplified by a pre-amplifier installed within the ROSA 24 and thus amplified electrical signal is sent to the post amplifier 34 .
- the post amplifier 34 further amplifies the electrical signal and outputs the amplified signal to the outside of the optical transceiver 10 .
- the optical transceiver 10 is configured to couple with the host controller 50 .
- the host controller 50 by communicating with the control unit 28 in the transceiver 10 , monitors and controls the optical transceiver 10 .
- a command TX_DISABLE which is sent from the host controller 50 to the control unit 28 , instructs the transceiver 10 to change the operation thereof from the operating mode to the hold mode, or from the hold mode to the operating mode.
- the LD 21 When the optical transceiver 10 is in the operating mode, the LD 21 outputs the optical signal 41 which is directly or indirectly modulated by the electrical signal input to the LD driver 30 .
- the LD 21 stops to output the optical signal independent of the electrical signal by turning off the LD 21 or decreases the optical output therefrom to a level below the LOW level in the operating mode.
- the transition from the operating mode to the hold mode will be called as the DISABLE, while the transition from the hold mode to the operating mode will be called as the ENABLE.
- the command TX_DISABLE is asserted, which corresponds to the hold mode, the optical signal 41 from the LD 21 is stopped, while, the LD 21 outputs the optical signal 41 when the command TX_DISABLE is negated.
- the control unit 28 passes the command TX_DISABLE sent from the host controller 50 to the processing unit 26 .
- the processing unit 26 responding to the command TX_DISABLE, stops or starts the LD 21 to output optical signal 41 .
- respective outputs of the TOSA 22 of transceivers, 10 1 to 10 N in one station are merged by the optical multiplexer 12 , while, the output of the de-multiplexer 14 is divided to respective ROSA 24 in transceivers, 10 1 to 10 N .
- the output of another de-multiplexer 16 is divided into respective ROSAs 24 in transceivers, 20 1 to 20 N , while, the output from the TOSAs 22 in transceivers, 20 1 to 20 N , are merged in the optical multiplexer 18 .
- optical transmission line 17 Between the optical multiplexer 12 and the optical de-multiplexer 16 are provided with the optical transmission line 17 , while, between another pair of the multiplexer 14 and the de-multiplexer 18 are provided with another optical transmission line 19 .
- the respective transmission lines, 17 and 18 interpose a plurality of optical amplifiers 15 .
- the optical multiplexer 12 multiplexes optical signals, S 1 to S N , with wavelengths from ⁇ 1 ⁇ N , they are output from optical transceivers, 10 1 to 10 N to generate one wavelength multiplexed optical signal.
- This WDM signal transmits on the optical transmission line 17 as amplified by optical amplifiers 15 .
- the optical de-multiplexer 16 receiving the amplified WDM signal, divides respective optical signals, S 1 to S N .
- the ROSA 24 in each optical transceiver 20 receives one of the de-multiplexed signals, S 1 to S N .
- the optical multiplexer 18 multiplexes optical signals, S 1 to S N , with wavelengths different from each other each output from the optical transceivers, 20 1 to 20 N , and the optical transmission line 19 carries this WDM signal as amplified by the plurality of optical amplifiers 15 .
- the optical de-multiplexer 14 receiving this WDM signal, de-multiplexes it into a plurality of optical signals, S i to S N with wavelengths different from each other. Further, thus de-multiplexed optical signals, S 1 to S N , are received by respective ROSAs of the optical transceivers, 10 1 to 10 N .
- FIG. 3 is a flow chart showing the protocol of the DISABLE operation carried out by the control unit 28 .
- FIG. 4 is a time chart showing the DISABLE operation of the optical signal. Synchronizing with the command TX_DISABLE that rises from the LOW level, which corresponds to the operating mode, to the HIGH level corresponding to the hold mode, the optical output power of the signal 41 gradually decreases in step wise from the target value V H in the operating mode to the minimum value V L in the hold mode.
- FIG. 5 schematically shows a reference table 44 referred by the control unit during the process shown in FIG. 3 .
- the reference table 44 stores a series of preset references, APC_REG[ 0 ], APC_REG[ 1 ], . . . and APC_REG[N].
- the reference APC_REG[ 0 ] corresponds to the target value V H of the optical output power in the operating mode, that is, while, the reference APC_REG[N] corresponds to the minimum value V L , which is the value when the transceiver 10 is in the hold mode.
- Other references set the optical output power of the signal 41 to a value between the target value V H and the minimum value V L . The larger the numeral in the parenthesis, the closer the optical output power corresponding to the minimum value V L .
- the control unit 28 reads the preset reference APC_REG[ 0 ] from the reference table 44 and transfers this reference APC_REG[ 0 ] to the processing unit 26 , at step S 302 .
- a serial interface such as the I 2 C bus, may perform this transfer.
- the control unit 28 holds by a predetermined period after the transfer at step S 304 .
- the processing unit 26 overwrites the register 38 with the received reference, and transmits this reference converted into an analog from by the digital-to-analog converter 40 to the APC circuit 32 .
- the APC circuit 32 adjusts the optical output power of the signal 41 corresponding to the reference APC_REG[ 0 ].
- control unit 28 resumes the primary routine as enabling the interrupt of the command TX_DISABLE at step S 314 .
- the optical output power of the signal 41 may be gradually decreased in step wise.
- FIG. 6 is a flow chart showing a protocol when the control unit 28 resumes the operation of the transceiver, 10 or 20 . This process is executed as the interruption process synchronizing with the negating of the command TX_DISABLE, namely, the falling edge thereof and the command is sent from the host controller 50 to the control unit 28 .
- FIG. 7 is a time chart showing the operation of the transceiver, 10 or 20 , at the start of the operation. Synchronizing with the command TX_DISABLE from the holding mode to the operating mode, that is, triggering by the command TX_DISABLE from the HIGH level to the LOW level, the optical output power of the signal 41 gradually increases in step wise from the minimum value V L , the level of the holding mode, to the target value V H in the operating mode.
- the control unit 28 reads the reference, APC_REG[N], from the reference table 44 and transfers this reference to the processing unit 26 at step S 604 .
- a serial interface such as the I 2 C interface may perform this transfer.
- the control unit 28 after the transfer of the reference, holds itself by a predetermined period at step S 606 .
- the processing unit 26 overwrites the register 38 with the transferred reference, APC_REG[N].
- This reference converted to an analog form by the digital-to-analog converter 40 , is sent to the APC circuit 32 .
- the optical output power of the signal 41 may be set to the minimum value V L that corresponds to the reference APC_REG[N].
- control unit 28 reads the next reference APC_REG[N ⁇ 1] from the reference table 44 , transfers thus read reference to the processing unit 26 at step S 608 , and enters the holding mode for a moment.
- the processing unit overwrites the register 38 with the reference APC_REG[N ⁇ 1].
- the optical output power of the signal 41 increases to a value corresponding to the reference APC_REG[N ⁇ 1].
- references each showing greater optical output power are sequentially read from the reference table 44 by the predetermined period, and the register 38 is sequentially overwritten by such references.
- the control unit 28 after transferring the last reference ACP_REG[0] to the processing unit 26 at step S 612 , resumes the primary routine as enabling the interruption of the command TX_DISABLE at step S 614 , while, the processing unit 26 sets the optical output power of the signal 41 to be the target value V H corresponding to the reference APC_REG[ 0 ].
- the optical output power of the signal 44 may gradually increase in step wise.
- FIG. 8 is a time chart to stop the optical output power of the signal by the conventional process. Synchronizing with the assertion of the command TX_DISABLE, the optical output power of the signal 41 reduces from the value V H to the other value V L in a short period.
- FIG. 9 is a time chart to enable the optical output power of the signal 41 . Synchronizing with the negating of the TX_DISABLE, the optical output power of the signal 41 increases from the minimum value V L to the target value V H in a short period.
- the time constant to adjust strength of the exciting source is greater than a time to stop or start the operation of the transceiver for the target channel, which is generally between 1 ⁇ sec to 10 msec. Accordingly, the gain of the optical amplifier becomes an underestimate or overestimate state until the adjustment of the exciting source becomes stable, which greatly affects the optical power of rest channels. For instance, when the gain of the amplifier becomes the overestimate state, an excess noise may occur in the optical signal or an optical input power may exceed the rated value of the optical transceiver in the receiver side. On the other hand, the underestimate gain of the amplifier may result in the increase of the error rate due to the lack of the optical power. In particular in the long-distance WDM system, the fault above mentioned may be distinguishable because the plurality of the optical amplifiers interposed in the transmission line iteratively amplifies the optical signal. Thus, the fault in single amplifier may be accumulated.
- the magnitude of the optical signal increases or decreases in step wise in a longer period than that of the conventional configuration.
- the optical amplifier 15 in the adjustment of the gain thereof may be configured to follow the change of the input optical level, and to keep the magnitude of the optical signals in respective channels.
- the optical transceiver, 10 or 20 , of the present invention may be applicable for the WDM communication system.
- the optical transceiver of the present embodiment may be distinguishably applicable to the long distance WDM system.
- the stop or the start of the optical output in one channel slightly affects the other signal channels.
- the change of the optical power input to the optical amplifier is only 0.07 dB.
- the signal channels L is small, the stop or the start of the operation of one channel, which means that the number L increases or decrease by one, may cause a greater effect to the system.
- the memory within the optical transceiver may store parameters as a look-up-table how the optical amplifier decides the steps to change the optical output power depending on the signal channels.
- the number of steps increases as the period to vary the optical output power becomes smaller.
- to decide the number of steps to vary the optical output power may accelerate the DISABLE or the ENABLE of the optical output power without unnecessarily increasing the number of steps.
- the present invention is thus described as referring to favorable embodiment.
- the present invention is not restricted to those shown in the embodiments, and various modifications may be considered within the scope of the listed claims.
- the embodiments concentrate on the optical transceiver, the optical transmitter according to the present invention is unnecessary to provide a function of the optical receiver.
- the embodiment describes that the control unit 28 overwrites the register 38 with a constant period, this period is unnecessary to be constant.
Abstract
Description
- 1. Field of the Invention
- The present invention relates to an optical transceiver applied in an optical communication.
- 2. Related Prior Art
- The United States patent application published as US 2002/0149821A has disclosed an optical transceiver with the SFP (Small Form factor Pluggable) configuration, where the transceiver terminates or starts the operation for outputting an optical signal in response to a state, the high level or the low level, of the TX_DISABLE signal sent from the host controller. A multi source agreement provided from the SFF committee has disclosed the specification of the SFP transceiver.
- When an optical transceiver is applied in the WDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexing) system, a plurality of optical signals each transmitted from individual optical transceiver is multiplexed by an optical multiplexer to transmit on an optical transmission line. Thus multiplexed signal is amplified by optical amplifiers arranged on the transmission line. The optical amplifier, which includes an optical excitation source, adjusts the power of the excitation source, by monitoring the power of the input and output of the optical signals, so as to keep the optical gain thereof.
- Each transceiver in the WDM system outputs the optical signal, which is directly or indirectly modulated by the electrical signal input therein. This state, namely, a state outputting a modulated optical signal, is called as the ON state. On the other hand, the optical transceiver is sometimes compelled to stop the modulation independent of the input electrical signal by a command sent from the host system, or to keep the optical output power constant at a preset level smaller than the low level in the ON state, which is called as the OFF state. The transition from the ON state to the OFF state is often called as the DISABLE of the optical output, while, the transition from the OFF state to the ON state is sometimes called as the ENABLE of the optical output.
- In the WDM system, the input level of the optical amplifier depends on the states of the optical transceivers that send optical signals in the optical transmission line. As explained, the optical amplifier operates to keep the optical gain thereof constant; the time constant to keep the optical gain is slower than the time constant to change the state of the optical transceiver, namely, a time from the ON state to the OFF state or from the OFF state to the ON state. Accordingly, the gain of the optical amplifier becomes excessive or insufficient during the transition period of the optical gain, which disarranges the optical level of each optical signal. In the WDM system with a long reach, the optical signal transmitted in the optical transmission line is amplified by a plurality of the optical amplifiers until the signal reaches the end station, which accumulates the variation of the optical levels of each signal.
- One aspect of the present invention relates to an optical transceiver that solves above subject appeared in the WDM system. The optical transceiver according to the present invention that communicates with a host controller comprises a semiconductor laser diode, an auto-power-controller circuit and a control unit. The laser diode outputs an optical signal. The auto-power-control circuit adjusts output power of the optical signal to a target value. The control unit that provides a reference table to store a plurality of references is configured to receive a command from the host controller, and to sequentially set, synchronizing with the command, one of references read from the table, in the auto-power-control circuit as the target value. In the present invention, the output power of the optical signal from the laser diode gradually varies in step wise.
- Another aspect of the present invention relates to a method for adjusting output power of an optical signal output from the optical transceiver. The process comprises steps of; (a) receiving a command from the host controller, where the command determines whether the optical transceiver is in an operating mode or a holding mode, (b) reading one of references stored in the reference table by the control unit, (c) setting one of the references that is read from the reference table into the auto-power-control circuit as the target value, (d) varying the output power of the optical signal output from the laser diode to the target value by the auto-power-control circuit, and (e) iterating steps from (b) to (d) until the output power of the optical signal becomes a predetermined value. According to the present method, the output power of the optical signal is gradually varied in step wise.
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FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the WDM system with the long reach configuration; -
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the optical transceiver according to the present invention; -
FIG. 3 is a flow chart executed at the DISABLE of the optical signal; -
FIG. 4 is a time chart of the DISABLE operation of the optical transceiver; -
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a look-up table storing control parameters; -
FIG. 6 is a flow chart executed at the ENABLE of the optical signal; -
FIG. 7 is a time chart of the ENABLE operation of the optical transceiver; -
FIG. 8 is a time chart of the DISABLE operation of a conventional transceiver; and -
FIG. 9 is a time chart of the ENABLE operation of a conventional transceiver. - Next, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described as referring to accompanying drawings. In the description, the same numerals or symbols will refer to the same elements without overlapping explanations.
- The embodiment explained below is related to an optical transceiver that operates as not only the optical transmitter but also the optical receiver.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the WDM system with the long reach that applies optical transceivers, 10 and 20, of the present embodiment. TheWDM system 100 performs the full-duplex optical communication between transceivers, 10 and 20. - The
WDM system 100 configures N-channels, where N is greater than two (2), and each channel is attributed with a wavelength selected from λ1˜λN different from each other. Depending on the number of channels, theWDM system 100 provides N count ofoptical transceivers 10 in one station and also N count ofoptical transceivers 20 in another station. These transceivers, 10 and 20, may configure the same architecture, and will be referred by 10 1, 10 2, . . . 10 N for theoptical transceiver 10, while, by 20 1, 20 2, . . . 20 N for thetransceivers 20 in the counter station. One of thetransceiver 10 m optically communicates with thecounter transceiver 20 m by an optical signal with the wavelength λm, where m is an integer grater than or equal to 1 and smaller than or equal to N. -
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of theoptical transceiver 10. Here, anotheroptical transceiver 20 may configure the same architecture with that of theoptical transceiver 10. Accordingly, explanations below may be applicable to the otheroptical transceiver 20 in the counter station. - The
optical transceiver 10 is a type of the SFP (Small Form factor Pluggable) transceiver and may be applicable to the DWDM (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing) communication system. Thetransceiver 10 provides a transmitter optical subassembly (TOSA) 22 that transmits anoptical signal 41, a receiver optical subassembly (ROSA) 24 that receives anotheroptical signal 42, aprocessing unit 26 to control the operation of the TOSA 22 and ROSA 24, and acontrol unit 28 to control theprocessing unit 26. - The TOSA 22 installs a semiconductor laser diode (LD) 21 that emits the
optical signal 41. Theprocessing unit 26 integrates anLD driver 30 that sends an electrical driving signal corresponding to theoptical signal 41 to theLD 21 to drive the LD. Theprocessing unit 26 also includes an auto-power control (APC)circuit 32 to adjust a magnitude and an extinction ratio of the optical signal. That is, theAPC circuit 32 keeps it constant for the average magnitude and the extinction ratio of theoptical signal 41 output from theLD 21. - The LD 21 is mounted on a thermo-electric cooler (TEC) in the TOSA 22, which is not illustrated in
FIG. 2 . ATEC controller 23 controls a temperature of theLD 21 by adjusting the temperature of the TEC. Thecontrol unit 28 controls theTEC controller 23. - The ROSA 24 includes an avalanche photodiode (APD) to receive the
optical signal 42. AnAPD controller 25 supplies a bias voltage whose level is controlled by thecontrol unit 28 to the APD to convert theoptical signal 42 into an electric signal with a preset conversion gain. The electrical signal converted by the APD is amplified by a pre-amplifier installed within theROSA 24 and thus amplified electrical signal is sent to thepost amplifier 34. Thepost amplifier 34 further amplifies the electrical signal and outputs the amplified signal to the outside of theoptical transceiver 10. - The
processing unit 26 intervenes between thecontroller unit 28 that is a digital circuit and analog circuits such as theLD driver 30, theAPC circuit 32 and thepost amplifier 34. Theprocessing unit 26 installs aregister 38 that temporally stores a target parameter to be set in theAPC circuit 32 and a digital-to-analog converter to convert the preset parameter in a digital form into a corresponding analog signal so as to be used in theAPC circuit 32. Thecontrol unit 28 can overwrite the target parameter in theregister 38. TheAPC circuit 32 operates so as to set the output power of theoptical signal 41 equal to the target parameter in theregister 38. - The
optical transceiver 10 is configured to couple with thehost controller 50. Thehost controller 50, by communicating with thecontrol unit 28 in thetransceiver 10, monitors and controls theoptical transceiver 10. A command TX_DISABLE, which is sent from thehost controller 50 to thecontrol unit 28, instructs thetransceiver 10 to change the operation thereof from the operating mode to the hold mode, or from the hold mode to the operating mode. - When the
optical transceiver 10 is in the operating mode, theLD 21 outputs theoptical signal 41 which is directly or indirectly modulated by the electrical signal input to theLD driver 30. On the other hand, when theoptical transceiver 10 is in the hold mode, theLD 21 stops to output the optical signal independent of the electrical signal by turning off theLD 21 or decreases the optical output therefrom to a level below the LOW level in the operating mode. In the explanation below, the transition from the operating mode to the hold mode will be called as the DISABLE, while the transition from the hold mode to the operating mode will be called as the ENABLE. When the command TX_DISABLE is asserted, which corresponds to the hold mode, theoptical signal 41 from theLD 21 is stopped, while, theLD 21 outputs theoptical signal 41 when the command TX_DISABLE is negated. - The
control unit 28 passes the command TX_DISABLE sent from thehost controller 50 to theprocessing unit 26. Theprocessing unit 26, responding to the command TX_DISABLE, stops or starts theLD 21 to outputoptical signal 41. - Referring to
FIG. 1 again, respective outputs of theTOSA 22 of transceivers, 10 1 to 10 N in one station are merged by theoptical multiplexer 12, while, the output of the de-multiplexer 14 is divided torespective ROSA 24 in transceivers, 10 1 to 10 N. The output of another de-multiplexer 16 is divided intorespective ROSAs 24 in transceivers, 20 1 to 20 N, while, the output from theTOSAs 22 in transceivers, 20 1 to 20 N, are merged in theoptical multiplexer 18. Between theoptical multiplexer 12 and theoptical de-multiplexer 16 are provided with theoptical transmission line 17, while, between another pair of themultiplexer 14 and the de-multiplexer 18 are provided with anotheroptical transmission line 19. The respective transmission lines, 17 and 18, interpose a plurality ofoptical amplifiers 15. - The
optical multiplexer 12 multiplexes optical signals, S1 to SN, with wavelengths from λ1˜λN, they are output from optical transceivers, 10 1 to 10 N to generate one wavelength multiplexed optical signal. This WDM signal transmits on theoptical transmission line 17 as amplified byoptical amplifiers 15. Theoptical de-multiplexer 16, receiving the amplified WDM signal, divides respective optical signals, S1 to SN. TheROSA 24 in eachoptical transceiver 20 receives one of the de-multiplexed signals, S1 to SN. - Similarly, the
optical multiplexer 18 multiplexes optical signals, S1 to SN, with wavelengths different from each other each output from the optical transceivers, 20 1 to 20 N, and theoptical transmission line 19 carries this WDM signal as amplified by the plurality ofoptical amplifiers 15. Theoptical de-multiplexer 14, receiving this WDM signal, de-multiplexes it into a plurality of optical signals, Si to SN with wavelengths different from each other. Further, thus de-multiplexed optical signals, S1 to SN, are received by respective ROSAs of the optical transceivers, 10 1 to 10 N. - Next will explain a protocol of to stop the
optical signal 41 in the optical transceivers, 10 and 20, which is called as the DISABLE operation.FIG. 3 is a flow chart showing the protocol of the DISABLE operation carried out by thecontrol unit 28. The leading edge of the command TX_DISABLE from the LOW level, which corresponds to the operating mode, to the HIGH level, which corresponds to the hold mode, triggers the process shown inFIG. 3 as an interruption process for the primary process. -
FIG. 4 is a time chart showing the DISABLE operation of the optical signal. Synchronizing with the command TX_DISABLE that rises from the LOW level, which corresponds to the operating mode, to the HIGH level corresponding to the hold mode, the optical output power of thesignal 41 gradually decreases in step wise from the target value VH in the operating mode to the minimum value VL in the hold mode. -
FIG. 5 schematically shows a reference table 44 referred by the control unit during the process shown inFIG. 3 . The reference table 44 stores a series of preset references, APC_REG[0], APC_REG[1], . . . and APC_REG[N]. The reference APC_REG[0] corresponds to the target value VH of the optical output power in the operating mode, that is, while, the reference APC_REG[N] corresponds to the minimum value VL, which is the value when thetransceiver 10 is in the hold mode. Other references set the optical output power of thesignal 41 to a value between the target value VH and the minimum value VL. The larger the numeral in the parenthesis, the closer the optical output power corresponding to the minimum value VL. - As shown in
FIG. 3 , thecontrol unit 28 reads the preset reference APC_REG[0] from the reference table 44 and transfers this reference APC_REG[0] to theprocessing unit 26, at step S302. A serial interface, such as the I2C bus, may perform this transfer. Thecontrol unit 28 holds by a predetermined period after the transfer at step S304. During the holding period of thecontrol unit 28, theprocessing unit 26 overwrites theregister 38 with the received reference, and transmits this reference converted into an analog from by the digital-to-analog converter 40 to theAPC circuit 32. Finally, theAPC circuit 32 adjusts the optical output power of thesignal 41 corresponding to the reference APC_REG[0]. - Subsequently, the
control unit 28 re-reads the reference APC_REG[1] from the reference table 44 and transfer thus read reference to theprocessing unit 26 at step s306. Thecontrol unit 28 holds itself again by the preset period at step S308. During the holding of thecontrol unit 28, theprocessing unit 26 overwrites theregister 38 by thus transferred reference APC_REG[1] to decrease the optical output power of thesignal 41 to a value corresponding to the reference APC_REG[1]. - Thus, preset references with smaller value are sequentially read from the reference table 44 with a constant period, and the
register 38 is sequentially overwritten by thus read references. Thecontrol unit 28, after setting the final reference APC_REG[N] to theprocessing unit 26 at step S310, changes the command TX_DISABLE to be sent to theprocessing unit 26 from the operating mode to the hold mode at step S312. Theprocessing unit 26, after setting the optical output power of thesignal 41 to be the minimum value VL that corresponds to the reference APC_REG[N] and responding to the asserting of the command TX_DISABLE, stops to supply the driving current from the LD-Driver 30 to theLD 21. - Subsequently, the
control unit 28 resumes the primary routine as enabling the interrupt of the command TX_DISABLE at step S314. Thus, by sequentially revising theregister 38 with references stored in the reference table 44, the optical output power of thesignal 41 may be gradually decreased in step wise. - In the present embodiment, the optical output power of the
signal 41 may change in step wise at the start of the operation.FIG. 6 is a flow chart showing a protocol when thecontrol unit 28 resumes the operation of the transceiver, 10 or 20. This process is executed as the interruption process synchronizing with the negating of the command TX_DISABLE, namely, the falling edge thereof and the command is sent from thehost controller 50 to thecontrol unit 28. -
FIG. 7 is a time chart showing the operation of the transceiver, 10 or 20, at the start of the operation. Synchronizing with the command TX_DISABLE from the holding mode to the operating mode, that is, triggering by the command TX_DISABLE from the HIGH level to the LOW level, the optical output power of thesignal 41 gradually increases in step wise from the minimum value VL, the level of the holding mode, to the target value VH in the operating mode. - As shown in
FIG. 6 , thecontrol unit 28 passes the command TX_DISABLE to theprocessing unit 26. The command TX_DISABLE changes from the DISABLE (HIGH level) to the ENABLE (LOW level) at step S602. Theprocessing unit 26, responding to the negating of the command TX_DISABLE, starts to supply the driving current to theLD 21. - Subsequently, the
control unit 28 reads the reference, APC_REG[N], from the reference table 44 and transfers this reference to theprocessing unit 26 at step S604. A serial interface such as the I2C interface may perform this transfer. Thecontrol unit 28, after the transfer of the reference, holds itself by a predetermined period at step S606. During the holding of thecontrol unit 28, theprocessing unit 26 overwrites theregister 38 with the transferred reference, APC_REG[N]. This reference, converted to an analog form by the digital-to-analog converter 40, is sent to theAPC circuit 32. Thus, the optical output power of thesignal 41 may be set to the minimum value VL that corresponds to the reference APC_REG[N]. - Next, the
control unit 28 reads the next reference APC_REG[N−1] from the reference table 44, transfers thus read reference to theprocessing unit 26 at step S608, and enters the holding mode for a moment. During the holding mode of thecontrol unit 28, the processing unit overwrites theregister 38 with the reference APC_REG[N−1]. Thus, the optical output power of thesignal 41 increases to a value corresponding to the reference APC_REG[N−1]. - Thus, references each showing greater optical output power, are sequentially read from the reference table 44 by the predetermined period, and the
register 38 is sequentially overwritten by such references. Thecontrol unit 28, after transferring the last reference ACP_REG[0] to theprocessing unit 26 at step S612, resumes the primary routine as enabling the interruption of the command TX_DISABLE at step S614, while, theprocessing unit 26 sets the optical output power of thesignal 41 to be the target value VH corresponding to the reference APC_REG[0]. Thus, by sequentially setting theregister 38 with the references stored in the reference table 44, the optical output power of thesignal 44 may gradually increase in step wise. - Next will compare the embodiment of the present invention with a conventional configuration.
FIG. 8 is a time chart to stop the optical output power of the signal by the conventional process. Synchronizing with the assertion of the command TX_DISABLE, the optical output power of thesignal 41 reduces from the value VH to the other value VL in a short period.FIG. 9 is a time chart to enable the optical output power of thesignal 41. Synchronizing with the negating of the TX_DISABLE, the optical output power of thesignal 41 increases from the minimum value VL to the target value VH in a short period. - When the conventional optical transmitter that functions shown in
FIGS. 8 and 9 , various problems such as that described below may occur. That is, when an optical output from one optical transceiver in the WDM system stops or starts, the input level of the optical amplifier provided in the system such as shown inFIG. 1 increases or decreases by an optical power corresponding to the optical signal of the channel that stops or starts its optical signal. The amplifier adjusts the gain thereof by adjusting the strength of the exciting source so as to keep the optical output power from the amplifier to be a preset level. - However, the time constant to adjust strength of the exciting source is greater than a time to stop or start the operation of the transceiver for the target channel, which is generally between 1 μsec to 10 msec. Accordingly, the gain of the optical amplifier becomes an underestimate or overestimate state until the adjustment of the exciting source becomes stable, which greatly affects the optical power of rest channels. For instance, when the gain of the amplifier becomes the overestimate state, an excess noise may occur in the optical signal or an optical input power may exceed the rated value of the optical transceiver in the receiver side. On the other hand, the underestimate gain of the amplifier may result in the increase of the error rate due to the lack of the optical power. In particular in the long-distance WDM system, the fault above mentioned may be distinguishable because the plurality of the optical amplifiers interposed in the transmission line iteratively amplifies the optical signal. Thus, the fault in single amplifier may be accumulated.
- On the other hand in the embodiment of the present invention, the magnitude of the optical signal increases or decreases in step wise in a longer period than that of the conventional configuration. Accordingly, the
optical amplifier 15 in the adjustment of the gain thereof may be configured to follow the change of the input optical level, and to keep the magnitude of the optical signals in respective channels. Thus, the optical transceiver, 10 or 20, of the present invention may be applicable for the WDM communication system. In particular, the optical transceiver of the present embodiment may be distinguishably applicable to the long distance WDM system. - The embodiment of the present invention may start or stop the operating mode further rapidly by providing additional function described below. That is, the optical transceivers, 10 and 20, of the present embodiment may preserve the number of signal channels L in the memory. The optical transceiver, receiving a command to stop or start the optical output, reads out the number of signal channels L from the memory and determines the number of steps to vary the optical output power from the transceiver in step wise.
- In a case that the number of signal channels L is large, the stop or the start of the optical output in one channel slightly affects the other signal channels. For instance, in the case that the optical amplifier receives 64 optical signals and one signal of them is stopped, the change of the optical power input to the optical amplifier is only 0.07 dB. On the other hand, the signal channels L is small, the stop or the start of the operation of one channel, which means that the number L increases or decrease by one, may cause a greater effect to the system.
- The memory within the optical transceiver may store parameters as a look-up-table how the optical amplifier decides the steps to change the optical output power depending on the signal channels. Generally, the number of steps increases as the period to vary the optical output power becomes smaller. Thus, to decide the number of steps to vary the optical output power may accelerate the DISABLE or the ENABLE of the optical output power without unnecessarily increasing the number of steps.
- The present invention is thus described as referring to favorable embodiment. However, the present invention is not restricted to those shown in the embodiments, and various modifications may be considered within the scope of the listed claims. For example, although the embodiments concentrate on the optical transceiver, the optical transmitter according to the present invention is unnecessary to provide a function of the optical receiver. Moreover, the embodiment describes that the
control unit 28 overwrites theregister 38 with a constant period, this period is unnecessary to be constant.
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US20080247761A1 (en) * | 2007-03-26 | 2008-10-09 | Hiroto Ishibashi | Pluggable optical transceiver with command line pulled up to external power supply |
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US20120213526A1 (en) * | 2011-02-21 | 2012-08-23 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Optical transceiver implemented with i2c busses arbitrated by selector |
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US20210258131A1 (en) * | 2020-01-03 | 2021-08-19 | Westcom Wireless, Inc | Communication system, full duplex transceiver assembly therefor, and associated method |
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US7899337B1 (en) | 2011-03-01 |
JP2007235400A (en) | 2007-09-13 |
JP4765669B2 (en) | 2011-09-07 |
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