US20100322835A1 - Heat recovery device for a boiler - Google Patents
Heat recovery device for a boiler Download PDFInfo
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- US20100322835A1 US20100322835A1 US12/456,737 US45673709A US2010322835A1 US 20100322835 A1 US20100322835 A1 US 20100322835A1 US 45673709 A US45673709 A US 45673709A US 2010322835 A1 US2010322835 A1 US 2010322835A1
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- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- set forth
- baffles
- boiler
- exhaust gas
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N5/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting from exhaust energy
- F01N5/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting from exhaust energy the devices using heat
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/8621—Removing nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/8625—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/8631—Processes characterised by a specific device
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/90—Injecting reactants
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/003—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes for supplying chemicals to fumes, e.g. using injection devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2251/00—Reactants
- B01D2251/20—Reductants
- B01D2251/206—Ammonium compounds
- B01D2251/2062—Ammonia
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J2215/00—Preventing emissions
- F23J2215/10—Nitrogen; Compounds thereof
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J2219/00—Treatment devices
- F23J2219/10—Catalytic reduction devices
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Definitions
- This invention relates to a heat recovery device for a boiler assembly and, more particularly, to a method and apparatus for recovering excess heat from a boiler exhaust gas stream.
- Waste gases commonly include waste heat, nitrogen oxides, and other corrosive products.
- Nitrogen oxides act as atmospheric pollutants, so that it is desirable to treat such combustion waste gases in order to eliminate the nitrogen oxides prior to discharge. It is also desirable to recapture some of the waste heat to improve the overall energy efficiency of the system.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,350,669 discloses a process for controlling nitrogen oxides in combustion exhaust gases.
- the process includes adding an oxygen-containing hydrocarbon, its precursor, or both to exhaust gases.
- the hydrocarbon or the precursor oxidizes nitric oxide in the exhaust gas to form nitrogen dioxide in the presence of oxygen.
- the process includes an economizer that includes a bundle of tubes that serve as baffles.
- U.S. Pat. No. 3,699,748 discloses a wet dust collector or scrubber having an inertial separator section for removing a substantial percentage of the dust particles from the treated gas stream.
- the scrubber includes porous packing subjected to flushing liquid to produce a concentrated fog. The remaining dust particles are assimilated into the fog.
- a second separator section removes the wet dust particles from the gas stream.
- the collector also includes three frusto-conical baffles or funnels positioned within a tubular casing.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,380,529 discloses a tubular fixed bed hydroprocessing reactor.
- the reactor is a fixed bed reactor with two phase gas and liquid flow.
- the reactor has at least one auxiliary bed of solid particles disposed above the main bed of solid particles.
- the auxiliary bed has separate liquid and gas bypasses comprised of hollow tubing extending through the auxiliary bed to a distributor tray.
- the reactor also includes a flow distributor having a plurality of fluid distribution tubes.
- U.S. Pat. No. 5,516,499 discloses a method and apparatus for reducing volatile organic compound emissions from waste gases.
- the waste gas is treated in a thermal reactor and is contacted with a catalyzed surface device in the gas stream within a thermal oxidizer.
- the catalyzed surface device has a catalyzed surface which contacts the waste gas and further oxidizes the waste gas.
- the apparatus also includes a catalytically-active flow modification device that has a flow straightener.
- U.S. Pat. No. 6,348,178 discloses a system for reducing NOx in exhaust gases.
- the system uses hydrocarbons to autoignite and autothermally heat an exhaust gas from an industrial process, so that ammonia or HNCO selectively reduce NOx autocatalytically.
- U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,097,814 and 7,303,730 disclose an apparatus for treating exhaust gas from boilers.
- the apparatus includes a baffle structure and a duct having a catalyst layer.
- U.S. Pat. No. 5,061,467 discloses a method and apparatus for removing pollutants from flue gases.
- the apparatus includes a conventional horizontal duct with a circular cross section.
- the duct feeds into a funnel shaped gas flow distributor that.
- the distributor feeds into a rectangular shaped duct with an enlarged cross section.
- the apparatus also includes a baffled curtain wall and a catalyst.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,003,711 discloses an apparatus and method for eliminating nitrogen oxides from combustion waste gases by injecting ammonia therein.
- the apparatus includes a boiler, an economizer, and a reaction tower.
- the reaction tower includes a plurality of baffle plates spaced from each other along the central portion of the reaction tower.
- the reaction tower also includes catalysts, which are preferably an alumina carrier or a silica gel carrier that includes a layer of ferrous sulfate.
- a tubular duct has a tapered portion with an opening for receiving the exhaust gas at one end and a straight portion at the opposite end.
- the tapered portion forms an air straightener having a plurality of baffles positioned therein.
- the straight portion has a heat recovery unit at one end and a catalyst tray positioned between the heat recovery unit and the air straightener.
- the air straightener baffles are arranged in a predetermined pattern to distribute the flow of exhaust gases uniformly through the catalyst tray into the heat recovery unit.
- a tapered air straightener has an essentially round opening at one end for receiving exhaust gas from a boiler and a rectangular opening at the opposite end.
- a tubular section has an essentially rectangular interior cross section connected to the air straightener in fluid communication with the rectangular opening.
- the tubular section has a heat recovery unit and removable catalyst bed between the heat recovery unit and the air straightener.
- the air straightener has a plurality of baffles for forming an exhaust gas stream having an essentially uniform velocity along the tubular section rectangular interior cross section through the catalyst bed into the heat recovery unit.
- a catalyst tray is positioned between a heat recovery unit and a tapered tubular section having an essentially round opening at one end and an essentially rectangular opening at the opposite end.
- the exhaust gas is passed into the tapered tubular section round opening through a plurality of baffles positioned within the tapered tubular section to form a uniform gas stream.
- the gas stream is directed from the baffles to the tapered tubular section rectangular opening into the catalyst tray.
- the gas stream is conveyed from the catalyst tray to the heat recovery unit to remove waste heat from the gas stream.
- a tubular air straightener has an essentially round opening at one end, an essentially rectangular opening at the opposite end, and a plurality of baffles positioned between the round opening and the rectangular opening.
- a catalyst assembly has a catalyst bed in fluid communication with the air straightener rectangular opening and an ammonia producing device for supplying ammonia to the catalyst bed.
- the air straightener directs exhaust gas from a boiler around the baffles to form a uniform exhaust gas stream for the catalyst bed.
- a heat recovery unit receives the uniform gas stream from the catalyst bed to remove waste heat for returning to the boiler.
- a heating system is in fluid communication with an economizer.
- the boiler produces a fluid stream containing heat therein and conveys the fluid stream to the economizer.
- the economizer receiving the fluid stream from the boiler and produces an exhaust gas stream.
- a feedwater heater in fluid communication with the economizer receives the exhaust gas stream.
- the feedwater heater has an air straightener with a plurality of baffles therein, a catalyst assembly, and a heat recovery unit.
- the feedwater heater directs the exhaust gas stream through the baffles to the catalyst assembly and conveys the exhaust gas stream from the catalyst assembly to the heat recovery unit.
- the heat recovery unit removes waste heat from the exhaust gas stream and transports the waste heat to the boiler.
- a boiler is heated to generate exhaust gas having a quantity of excess heat.
- the exhaust gas is conveyed to an economizer to remove a first portion of the quantity of excess heat.
- the exhaust gas is conveyed through a plurality of baffles within an air straightener to form an exhaust gas stream having an essentially uniform velocity in a flow direction.
- the exhaust gas stream is directed through a catalyst assembly into a heat recovery unit to remove a second portion of the excess heat from the exhaust gas.
- a principal object of the present invention is to provide a heating system that removes contaminants and waste heat from a boiler exhaust gas stream.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a more efficient boiler system.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a heat recovery apparatus that includes a removable catalyst tray.
- a further object of the present invention is to provide a waste heat recovery device that includes a more effective catalyst assembly.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a heating system that includes a boiler and a heat recovery device.
- FIG. 2 is a top plan view of a heat recovery device.
- FIG. 3 is a front elevational view of the heat recovery device shown in FIG. 2 .
- FIG. 4 is a side elevational view of the heat recovery device shown in FIG. 2 .
- FIG. 5 is a front elevational view of a bottom transition section of the heat recovery device shown in FIGS. 2-4 .
- FIG. 6 is a side elevational view of the bottom transition section shown in FIG. 5 .
- FIG. 7 is a front elevational of a top transition section of the heat recovery device shown in FIGS. 2-4 .
- FIG. 8 is a side elevational view of the top transition section shown in FIG. 7 .
- FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a heat recovery device.
- the heating system 10 includes a boiler 12 and a heat recovery device 14 .
- the heat recovery device 14 is positioned in overlying relation with the boiler 12 to form a vertical stack.
- the boiler 12 is in fluid communication with the heat recovery device 14 to facilitate the transfer of a fluid stream for treatment within the device 14 .
- the heat recovery device 14 has the ability to remove waste heat and contaminants from the fluid stream, so that the treated fluid stream can be discharged into the external environment.
- the boiler 12 is a suitable conventional gas fired boiler. Suitable boilers include boilers of the type associated with utility power plants or those designed to generate as little as 5 million BTU/hr (17 million Watts).
- the boiler 12 is conventional in design having a burner (not shown) and an outlet (not shown) that provides for the circulation of exhaust gases within the heating system 10 .
- the present invention is adaptable for use with a wide variety of boilers or chemical processes including utility boilers, major process boilers, liquor recovery boilers, as well as, smaller fired process heaters, process steam boilers, and nitric acid plants.
- Most boilers are used within heating systems that have 0.5 inches (12.7 mm) of pressure drop.
- Some boilers have a pressure drop as low as 0.2 inches (5.1 mm).
- the present invention is directed to a heating system in which the pressure drop of the boiler does not exceed 0.2 inches (5.1 mm).
- the boiler 12 is the primary source of heat within the heating system 10 .
- the heat recovery device 14 recovers waste heat from the boiler 12 exhaust stream for use within the heating system 10 to improve the overall efficiency of the system 10 .
- the heat recovery device 14 has the ability to remove contaminants from the exhaust gas stream using a suitable catalyst material.
- the heat recovery device 14 removes nitrogen oxides and, optionally, sulfur oxides from the exhaust gas stream.
- the chemistry of nitrogen oxide and sulfur oxide is disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,162,409, 5,316,737, and 5,206,002, which are incorporated herein by reference.
- the boiler 12 and the heat recovery device 14 are made from any suitable material through any suitable manufacturing process. Suitable materials include, but are not limited to, carbon steel, stainless steel, or cast iron. Preferably, the interior of the boiler 12 is lined with suitable insulating materials, such as refractories and the heat recovery device 14 is constructed from corrosive resistant materials.
- the heat recovery device 14 includes a flue gas or air straightener 16 , a catalyst assembly 18 , and a heat recovery unit 20 such as a feedwater heater or an economizer.
- the air straightener 16 is in fluid communication with the catalyst assembly 18 to facilitate the flow of exhaust gases from the boiler 12 to the catalyst assembly 18 for the removal of contaminants.
- the catalyst assembly 18 is in fluid communication with the heat recovery unit 20 to facilitate the removal of waste heat from the exhaust gas stream.
- the catalyst assembly 18 and the heat recovery unit 20 are positioned in overlying relation with the air straightener 16 .
- the air straightener 16 redirects the flow of exhaust gases from the boiler 12 into the catalyst assembly 18 .
- the air straightener 16 distributes the flow of exhaust gases uniformly through the catalyst assembly 18 into the heat recovery unit 20 to increase the efficiency of the catalyst materials contained therein.
- the heat recovery device 14 includes an essentially rectangular tubular body or duct 22 that holds the air straightener 16 , catalyst assembly 18 , and heat recovery unit 20 .
- the duct 22 includes a straight portion 24 positioned between a bottom tapered portion 26 and a top tapered portion 28 .
- the top tapered portion 28 includes a tubular conduit 30 for discharging exhaust gas from the heat recovery device 14 .
- the air straightener 16 is essentially integral with the bottom tapered portion 26 .
- the air straightener 16 includes an external surface 32 that abuts a conduit (not shown) from the boiler 12 shown in FIG. 1 .
- the surface 32 has an essentially round opening 34 that receives fluids from the boiler 12 and an internal cavity 36 that facilitates transport of the fluids into the straight portion 24 .
- the internal cavity 36 has a narrow, essentially circular cross section in the region adjacent to the opening 34 .
- the internal cross section of the cavity 36 widens with increasing distance from the opening 34 and transitions to form a rectangular opening 38 at an end 40 adjacent to the straight portion 24 .
- the opening 38 facilitates the transfer of fluids from the air straightener 16 to the straight portion 24 .
- the internal cavity 36 holds a plurality of baffles 42 within the air straightener 16 .
- the baffles 42 are arranged in a predetermined pattern to redirect air flow within the cavity 36 to transition the flow pattern from an essentially circular cross section at the opening 34 to a rectangular cross section at the opening 38 .
- the baffles 42 also collect flue gas condensation from the exhaust gas.
- the straight portion 24 connects to the air straightener 16 with a conventional rectangular transition joint 44 .
- the outer configuration of the straight portion 24 is essentially rectilinear with the outer dimensions remaining essentially unchanged from the bottom tapered portion 26 to the top tapered portion 28 .
- the straight portion 24 includes an internal cavity 46 that holds the catalyst assembly 18 and the heat recovery unit or heat exchanger 20 .
- the straight portion 24 , the bottom tapered portion 26 , the top tapered portion 28 , and the tubular conduit 30 are constructed from any suitable structural material or combination of materials using any suitable manufacturing process.
- Suitable structural materials include, but are not limited to, carbon steel, stainless steel, or cast iron.
- the catalyst assembly 18 is positioned between the baffles 42 and the heat recovery unit 20 .
- the baffles 42 are arranged in a manner that breaks up the flow of fluids from the boiler 12 shown in FIG. 1 to the heat recovery unit 20 .
- the arrangement of the baffles 42 optimizes air flow by reducing a slight difference in air velocity through the catalyst assembly 18 .
- the optimized air flow through the catalyst assembly 18 reduces dead spots therein, which increases the contaminant removal efficiency of the device 14 .
- the catalyst assembly 18 includes a suitable catalyst material for treating exhaust gas from the boiler 12 shown in FIG. 1 .
- the selection of the catalyst materials depends upon the expected composition and the expected contaminants of the exhaust gas stream.
- the exhaust gas stream is expected to contain NOx and the catalyst has the ability to remove NOx from the exhaust gas.
- the catalyst assembly 18 is operated under stoichiometric conditions, so that N 2 O is formed and destroyed, to minimize the concentration of NOx in the exhaust gas stream.
- the catalyst assembly 18 includes a catalyst drawer or tray 48 for holding a quantity of catalyst.
- the catalyst drawer 48 has a handle 50 for facilitating the manipulation.
- the straight portion 24 includes an opening 52 that accommodates the catalyst drawer 48 .
- the catalyst drawer 48 has the ability to slide into and out of the straight portion 24 to facilitate the replacement or refreshment of the catalyst within the drawer 48 .
- the straight portion 24 is configured to accommodate the heat recovery unit 20 .
- the straight section 24 includes a frame 54 for holding a front panel 56 , a rear panel 58 , and a pair of side panels 60 , 62 .
- the frame 54 connects to the straight portion 24 with a transition joint 64 and to the top tapered portion 28 with a transition joint 66 .
- the transition joints 64 , 66 are factory sealed with universal caulking.
- the rear panel 58 and the side panels 60 , 62 are removable.
- the front panel 56 is not removable. Removal of the rear panel 58 or the side panels 60 , 62 facilitates the inspection, cleaning, repair, and replacement of the components of the heat recovery unit 20 .
- the straight portion 24 includes an inlet tube 68 and an outlet tube 70 for providing fluids for heat transport to the heat recovery unit 20 .
- the inlet tube 68 and the outlet tube 70 are in fluid communication with the heat recovery unit 20 .
- the inlet tube 68 provides water to the heat recovery unit 20 for storing the waste heat that is recovered from the exhaust gas from the boiler 12 shown in FIG. 1 .
- the outlet tube 70 conveys the water from the heat recovery unit 20 to recover the waste heat.
- the outlet tube 70 returns the waste heat to the boiler 12 .
- the straight portion 24 includes a plurality of flanges 72 for holding the inlet tube 68 and the outlet tube 70 .
- the flanges 72 include a plurality of tubular openings 74 that accommodate a plurality of compression fittings 76 that facilitate the flow of water from the inlet tube 68 to the heat recovery unit 20 .
- the heat recovery unit 20 is a heater core that features a plurality of extended surface finned tube elements 78 .
- the finned tube elements 78 collect waste heat from the exhaust gases that flow through the feedwater heater body 22 .
- the heat recovery unit 20 is in fluid communication with the inlet tube 68 and the outlet tube 70 .
- the inlet tube 68 provides water for circulation through the finned tube elements 78 to collect the waste heat.
- the heat recovery unit 20 returns the waste heat into the system 10 shown in FIG. 1 by directing water through the outlet tube 70 .
- the outlet tube 70 is in fluid communication with the boiler 12 to return the waste heat.
- the feedwater heater body 20 includes a pair of instrument connections 80 , 82 for facilitating the monitor and control of the system 10 shown in FIG. 1 .
- the instrument connection 80 is positioned on the bottom tapered section 26 .
- the instrument connection 82 is positioned on the top tapered section 28 .
- Each instrument connection 80 , 82 includes a protective cap.
- the baffles 42 within the air straightener 16 are arranged in a predetermined pattern that optimizes the flow of exhaust gases through the heat recovery device 14 .
- the arrangement of the baffles 42 provides the conventional boiler 12 shown in FIG. 1 with the ability to produce an exhaust gas stream that has reduced emissions of contaminants and waste heat.
- Each baffle 42 includes at least one surface 84 that forms a predetermined angle with the surface 32 that abuts the boiler 12 shown in FIG. 1 .
- the angle is selected to optimize exhaust gas flow from the air straightener 16 to the catalyst assembly 18 shown in FIGS. 1-4 .
- the angle between the surface 84 and the surface 32 ranges from between 75 degrees and 90 degrees.
- the air straightener baffles 42 are arranged in a manner that protects the refractories that line the interior of the boiler 12 shown in FIG. 1 .
- the baffles 42 collect condensation from the exhaust gas and redirect the condensation to the air straightener walls 86 .
- the walls 86 direct the condensation out of the air straightener 14 and into a sewer (not shown).
- top tapered portion 28 is similar to the construction of the bottom tapered portion 26 shown in FIGS. 5-6 . Contrary to the bottom tapered portion 26 , the top tapered portion 28 does not include the internal baffles 42 .
- the top tapered portion 22 also includes a tubular conduit 30 shown in FIG. 3 .
- FIG. 9 there is shown another embodiment of a heat recovery device that is generally designated by the numeral 88 in which like elements are identified by like numerals shown in FIGS. 1-8 .
- the heat recovery device 88 includes an air straightener 16 and a heat recovery unit 20 .
- the heat recovery device 88 recovers waste heat and removes contaminants for the heating system 10 shown in FIG. 1 .
- the heat recovery device 88 includes a catalyst assembly 90 .
- the catalyst assembly 90 includes a removable catalyst drawer 48 and an ammonia production system 92 .
- the ammonia production system 92 distributes ammonia onto catalyst material within the catalyst drawer 48 by spraying.
- the catalyst assembly 90 includes suitable catalyst materials that utilize ammonia generated by the ammonia production system 92 to remove contaminants within the heat recovery device 14 .
- the heat recovery device 14 consumes the ammonia that is produced by the ammonia system 92 to produce an exhaust stream that does not include ammonia.
Abstract
Description
- 1. Field of the Invention
- This invention relates to a heat recovery device for a boiler assembly and, more particularly, to a method and apparatus for recovering excess heat from a boiler exhaust gas stream.
- 2. Description of the Related Art
- The discharge of combustion waste gases from industrial boilers into the atmosphere without treatment is highly objectionable. Waste gases commonly include waste heat, nitrogen oxides, and other corrosive products. Nitrogen oxides act as atmospheric pollutants, so that it is desirable to treat such combustion waste gases in order to eliminate the nitrogen oxides prior to discharge. It is also desirable to recapture some of the waste heat to improve the overall energy efficiency of the system.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,350,669 discloses a process for controlling nitrogen oxides in combustion exhaust gases. The process includes adding an oxygen-containing hydrocarbon, its precursor, or both to exhaust gases. The hydrocarbon or the precursor oxidizes nitric oxide in the exhaust gas to form nitrogen dioxide in the presence of oxygen. The process includes an economizer that includes a bundle of tubes that serve as baffles.
- U.S. Pat. No. 3,699,748 discloses a wet dust collector or scrubber having an inertial separator section for removing a substantial percentage of the dust particles from the treated gas stream. The scrubber includes porous packing subjected to flushing liquid to produce a concentrated fog. The remaining dust particles are assimilated into the fog. A second separator section removes the wet dust particles from the gas stream. The collector also includes three frusto-conical baffles or funnels positioned within a tubular casing.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,380,529 discloses a tubular fixed bed hydroprocessing reactor. The reactor is a fixed bed reactor with two phase gas and liquid flow. The reactor has at least one auxiliary bed of solid particles disposed above the main bed of solid particles. The auxiliary bed has separate liquid and gas bypasses comprised of hollow tubing extending through the auxiliary bed to a distributor tray. The reactor also includes a flow distributor having a plurality of fluid distribution tubes.
- U.S. Pat. No. 5,516,499 discloses a method and apparatus for reducing volatile organic compound emissions from waste gases. The waste gas is treated in a thermal reactor and is contacted with a catalyzed surface device in the gas stream within a thermal oxidizer. The catalyzed surface device has a catalyzed surface which contacts the waste gas and further oxidizes the waste gas. The apparatus also includes a catalytically-active flow modification device that has a flow straightener.
- U.S. Pat. No. 6,348,178 discloses a system for reducing NOx in exhaust gases. The system uses hydrocarbons to autoignite and autothermally heat an exhaust gas from an industrial process, so that ammonia or HNCO selectively reduce NOx autocatalytically.
- U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,198,196 and 5,389,343 disclose tubular reactor towers having removable catalyst trays.
- U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,097,814 and 7,303,730 disclose an apparatus for treating exhaust gas from boilers. The apparatus includes a baffle structure and a duct having a catalyst layer.
- U.S. Pat. No. 5,061,467 discloses a method and apparatus for removing pollutants from flue gases. The apparatus includes a conventional horizontal duct with a circular cross section. The duct feeds into a funnel shaped gas flow distributor that. The distributor feeds into a rectangular shaped duct with an enlarged cross section. The apparatus also includes a baffled curtain wall and a catalyst.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,003,711 discloses an apparatus and method for eliminating nitrogen oxides from combustion waste gases by injecting ammonia therein. The apparatus includes a boiler, an economizer, and a reaction tower. The reaction tower includes a plurality of baffle plates spaced from each other along the central portion of the reaction tower. The reaction tower also includes catalysts, which are preferably an alumina carrier or a silica gel carrier that includes a layer of ferrous sulfate.
- The above-described references illustrate that the use of catalysts to treat exhaust gases is well known. Several of the devices also include baffles for redirecting the flow of exhaust gases through reactor devices. However, there is a need to improve the performance of these reactor devices to use catalysts and baffles in a more efficient manner.
- In accordance with the present invention there is provided a duct apparatus for treating exhaust gas. A tubular duct has a tapered portion with an opening for receiving the exhaust gas at one end and a straight portion at the opposite end. The tapered portion forms an air straightener having a plurality of baffles positioned therein. The straight portion has a heat recovery unit at one end and a catalyst tray positioned between the heat recovery unit and the air straightener. The air straightener baffles are arranged in a predetermined pattern to distribute the flow of exhaust gases uniformly through the catalyst tray into the heat recovery unit.
- Further in accordance with the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for reducing the pressure drop across a boiler assembly. A tapered air straightener has an essentially round opening at one end for receiving exhaust gas from a boiler and a rectangular opening at the opposite end. A tubular section has an essentially rectangular interior cross section connected to the air straightener in fluid communication with the rectangular opening. The tubular section has a heat recovery unit and removable catalyst bed between the heat recovery unit and the air straightener. The air straightener has a plurality of baffles for forming an exhaust gas stream having an essentially uniform velocity along the tubular section rectangular interior cross section through the catalyst bed into the heat recovery unit.
- Further in accordance with the present invention, there is provided a method for treating boiler exhaust gas. A catalyst tray is positioned between a heat recovery unit and a tapered tubular section having an essentially round opening at one end and an essentially rectangular opening at the opposite end. The exhaust gas is passed into the tapered tubular section round opening through a plurality of baffles positioned within the tapered tubular section to form a uniform gas stream. The gas stream is directed from the baffles to the tapered tubular section rectangular opening into the catalyst tray. The gas stream is conveyed from the catalyst tray to the heat recovery unit to remove waste heat from the gas stream.
- Further in accordance with the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for treating boiler exhaust gas. A tubular air straightener has an essentially round opening at one end, an essentially rectangular opening at the opposite end, and a plurality of baffles positioned between the round opening and the rectangular opening. A catalyst assembly has a catalyst bed in fluid communication with the air straightener rectangular opening and an ammonia producing device for supplying ammonia to the catalyst bed. The air straightener directs exhaust gas from a boiler around the baffles to form a uniform exhaust gas stream for the catalyst bed. A heat recovery unit receives the uniform gas stream from the catalyst bed to remove waste heat for returning to the boiler.
- Further in accordance with the present invention, there is provided a heating system. A boiler is in fluid communication with an economizer. The boiler produces a fluid stream containing heat therein and conveys the fluid stream to the economizer. The economizer receiving the fluid stream from the boiler and produces an exhaust gas stream. A feedwater heater in fluid communication with the economizer receives the exhaust gas stream. The feedwater heater has an air straightener with a plurality of baffles therein, a catalyst assembly, and a heat recovery unit. The feedwater heater directs the exhaust gas stream through the baffles to the catalyst assembly and conveys the exhaust gas stream from the catalyst assembly to the heat recovery unit. The heat recovery unit removes waste heat from the exhaust gas stream and transports the waste heat to the boiler.
- Further in accordance with the present invention, there is provided a method for distributing heat. A boiler is heated to generate exhaust gas having a quantity of excess heat. The exhaust gas is conveyed to an economizer to remove a first portion of the quantity of excess heat. The exhaust gas is conveyed through a plurality of baffles within an air straightener to form an exhaust gas stream having an essentially uniform velocity in a flow direction. The exhaust gas stream is directed through a catalyst assembly into a heat recovery unit to remove a second portion of the excess heat from the exhaust gas.
- Accordingly, a principal object of the present invention is to provide a heating system that removes contaminants and waste heat from a boiler exhaust gas stream.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a more efficient boiler system.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a heat recovery apparatus that includes a removable catalyst tray.
- A further object of the present invention is to provide a waste heat recovery device that includes a more effective catalyst assembly.
- These and other objects of the present invention will be more completely described and disclosed in the following specification, accompanying drawings, and appended claims.
-
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a heating system that includes a boiler and a heat recovery device. -
FIG. 2 is a top plan view of a heat recovery device. -
FIG. 3 is a front elevational view of the heat recovery device shown inFIG. 2 . -
FIG. 4 is a side elevational view of the heat recovery device shown inFIG. 2 . -
FIG. 5 is a front elevational view of a bottom transition section of the heat recovery device shown inFIGS. 2-4 . -
FIG. 6 is a side elevational view of the bottom transition section shown inFIG. 5 . -
FIG. 7 is a front elevational of a top transition section of the heat recovery device shown inFIGS. 2-4 . -
FIG. 8 is a side elevational view of the top transition section shown inFIG. 7 . -
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a heat recovery device. - Referring to the drawings and, particularly, to
FIG. 1 , there is illustrated a heating system generally designated by the numeral 10 that is used in various processes or heating applications. Theheating system 10 includes aboiler 12 and aheat recovery device 14. Theheat recovery device 14 is positioned in overlying relation with theboiler 12 to form a vertical stack. - The
boiler 12 is in fluid communication with theheat recovery device 14 to facilitate the transfer of a fluid stream for treatment within thedevice 14. Theheat recovery device 14 has the ability to remove waste heat and contaminants from the fluid stream, so that the treated fluid stream can be discharged into the external environment. - The
boiler 12 is a suitable conventional gas fired boiler. Suitable boilers include boilers of the type associated with utility power plants or those designed to generate as little as 5 million BTU/hr (17 million Watts). Theboiler 12 is conventional in design having a burner (not shown) and an outlet (not shown) that provides for the circulation of exhaust gases within theheating system 10. - It should be understood that the present invention is adaptable for use with a wide variety of boilers or chemical processes including utility boilers, major process boilers, liquor recovery boilers, as well as, smaller fired process heaters, process steam boilers, and nitric acid plants. Most boilers are used within heating systems that have 0.5 inches (12.7 mm) of pressure drop. Some boilers have a pressure drop as low as 0.2 inches (5.1 mm). The present invention is directed to a heating system in which the pressure drop of the boiler does not exceed 0.2 inches (5.1 mm).
- The
boiler 12 is the primary source of heat within theheating system 10. Theheat recovery device 14 recovers waste heat from theboiler 12 exhaust stream for use within theheating system 10 to improve the overall efficiency of thesystem 10. - The
heat recovery device 14 has the ability to remove contaminants from the exhaust gas stream using a suitable catalyst material. Preferably, theheat recovery device 14 removes nitrogen oxides and, optionally, sulfur oxides from the exhaust gas stream. The chemistry of nitrogen oxide and sulfur oxide is disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,162,409, 5,316,737, and 5,206,002, which are incorporated herein by reference. - The
boiler 12 and theheat recovery device 14 are made from any suitable material through any suitable manufacturing process. Suitable materials include, but are not limited to, carbon steel, stainless steel, or cast iron. Preferably, the interior of theboiler 12 is lined with suitable insulating materials, such as refractories and theheat recovery device 14 is constructed from corrosive resistant materials. - As shown in
FIG. 1 , theheat recovery device 14 includes a flue gas orair straightener 16, acatalyst assembly 18, and aheat recovery unit 20 such as a feedwater heater or an economizer. Theair straightener 16 is in fluid communication with thecatalyst assembly 18 to facilitate the flow of exhaust gases from theboiler 12 to thecatalyst assembly 18 for the removal of contaminants. Thecatalyst assembly 18 is in fluid communication with theheat recovery unit 20 to facilitate the removal of waste heat from the exhaust gas stream. - The
catalyst assembly 18 and theheat recovery unit 20 are positioned in overlying relation with theair straightener 16. Theair straightener 16 redirects the flow of exhaust gases from theboiler 12 into thecatalyst assembly 18. Theair straightener 16 distributes the flow of exhaust gases uniformly through thecatalyst assembly 18 into theheat recovery unit 20 to increase the efficiency of the catalyst materials contained therein. - Referring now to
FIGS. 2-4 , theheat recovery device 14 includes an essentially rectangular tubular body orduct 22 that holds theair straightener 16,catalyst assembly 18, andheat recovery unit 20. Theduct 22 includes astraight portion 24 positioned between a bottom taperedportion 26 and a top taperedportion 28. The toptapered portion 28 includes atubular conduit 30 for discharging exhaust gas from theheat recovery device 14. - The
air straightener 16 is essentially integral with the bottom taperedportion 26. Theair straightener 16 includes anexternal surface 32 that abuts a conduit (not shown) from theboiler 12 shown inFIG. 1 . Thesurface 32 has an essentiallyround opening 34 that receives fluids from theboiler 12 and aninternal cavity 36 that facilitates transport of the fluids into thestraight portion 24. - The
internal cavity 36 has a narrow, essentially circular cross section in the region adjacent to theopening 34. The internal cross section of thecavity 36 widens with increasing distance from theopening 34 and transitions to form arectangular opening 38 at anend 40 adjacent to thestraight portion 24. Theopening 38 facilitates the transfer of fluids from theair straightener 16 to thestraight portion 24. - The
internal cavity 36 holds a plurality ofbaffles 42 within theair straightener 16. Thebaffles 42 are arranged in a predetermined pattern to redirect air flow within thecavity 36 to transition the flow pattern from an essentially circular cross section at theopening 34 to a rectangular cross section at theopening 38. Thebaffles 42 also collect flue gas condensation from the exhaust gas. - The
straight portion 24 connects to theair straightener 16 with a conventional rectangular transition joint 44. The outer configuration of thestraight portion 24 is essentially rectilinear with the outer dimensions remaining essentially unchanged from the bottom taperedportion 26 to the top taperedportion 28. Thestraight portion 24 includes aninternal cavity 46 that holds thecatalyst assembly 18 and the heat recovery unit orheat exchanger 20. - The
straight portion 24, the bottom taperedportion 26, the top taperedportion 28, and thetubular conduit 30 are constructed from any suitable structural material or combination of materials using any suitable manufacturing process. Suitable structural materials include, but are not limited to, carbon steel, stainless steel, or cast iron. - As shown in
FIGS. 2-4 , thecatalyst assembly 18 is positioned between thebaffles 42 and theheat recovery unit 20. Thebaffles 42 are arranged in a manner that breaks up the flow of fluids from theboiler 12 shown inFIG. 1 to theheat recovery unit 20. The arrangement of thebaffles 42 optimizes air flow by reducing a slight difference in air velocity through thecatalyst assembly 18. The optimized air flow through thecatalyst assembly 18 reduces dead spots therein, which increases the contaminant removal efficiency of thedevice 14. - The
catalyst assembly 18 includes a suitable catalyst material for treating exhaust gas from theboiler 12 shown inFIG. 1 . The selection of the catalyst materials depends upon the expected composition and the expected contaminants of the exhaust gas stream. Preferably, the exhaust gas stream is expected to contain NOx and the catalyst has the ability to remove NOx from the exhaust gas. Thecatalyst assembly 18 is operated under stoichiometric conditions, so that N2O is formed and destroyed, to minimize the concentration of NOx in the exhaust gas stream. - The
catalyst assembly 18 includes a catalyst drawer ortray 48 for holding a quantity of catalyst. Thecatalyst drawer 48 has ahandle 50 for facilitating the manipulation. Thestraight portion 24 includes anopening 52 that accommodates thecatalyst drawer 48. Thecatalyst drawer 48 has the ability to slide into and out of thestraight portion 24 to facilitate the replacement or refreshment of the catalyst within thedrawer 48. - As shown in
FIGS. 2-4 , thestraight portion 24 is configured to accommodate theheat recovery unit 20. Thestraight section 24 includes aframe 54 for holding afront panel 56, arear panel 58, and a pair ofside panels frame 54 connects to thestraight portion 24 with a transition joint 64 and to the top taperedportion 28 with a transition joint 66. Preferably, the transition joints 64, 66 are factory sealed with universal caulking. - The
rear panel 58 and theside panels front panel 56 is not removable. Removal of therear panel 58 or theside panels heat recovery unit 20. - The
straight portion 24 includes aninlet tube 68 and anoutlet tube 70 for providing fluids for heat transport to theheat recovery unit 20. Theinlet tube 68 and theoutlet tube 70 are in fluid communication with theheat recovery unit 20. Theinlet tube 68 provides water to theheat recovery unit 20 for storing the waste heat that is recovered from the exhaust gas from theboiler 12 shown inFIG. 1 . Theoutlet tube 70 conveys the water from theheat recovery unit 20 to recover the waste heat. Preferably, theoutlet tube 70 returns the waste heat to theboiler 12. - As shown in
FIGS. 2-4 , thestraight portion 24 includes a plurality offlanges 72 for holding theinlet tube 68 and theoutlet tube 70. Theflanges 72 include a plurality oftubular openings 74 that accommodate a plurality ofcompression fittings 76 that facilitate the flow of water from theinlet tube 68 to theheat recovery unit 20. - The
heat recovery unit 20 is a heater core that features a plurality of extended surfacefinned tube elements 78. Thefinned tube elements 78 collect waste heat from the exhaust gases that flow through thefeedwater heater body 22. - The
heat recovery unit 20 is in fluid communication with theinlet tube 68 and theoutlet tube 70. Theinlet tube 68 provides water for circulation through thefinned tube elements 78 to collect the waste heat. Theheat recovery unit 20 returns the waste heat into thesystem 10 shown inFIG. 1 by directing water through theoutlet tube 70. Preferably, theoutlet tube 70 is in fluid communication with theboiler 12 to return the waste heat. - Referring now to
FIG. 4 , thefeedwater heater body 20 includes a pair ofinstrument connections system 10 shown inFIG. 1 . Theinstrument connection 80 is positioned on the bottom taperedsection 26. Theinstrument connection 82 is positioned on the toptapered section 28. Eachinstrument connection - Referring now to
FIGS. 5-6 , thebaffles 42 within theair straightener 16 are arranged in a predetermined pattern that optimizes the flow of exhaust gases through theheat recovery device 14. The arrangement of thebaffles 42 provides theconventional boiler 12 shown inFIG. 1 with the ability to produce an exhaust gas stream that has reduced emissions of contaminants and waste heat. - The straightening
unit 16 redirects air within theheat recovery device 14. Eachbaffle 42 includes at least onesurface 84 that forms a predetermined angle with thesurface 32 that abuts theboiler 12 shown inFIG. 1 . The angle is selected to optimize exhaust gas flow from theair straightener 16 to thecatalyst assembly 18 shown inFIGS. 1-4 . Preferably, the angle between thesurface 84 and thesurface 32 ranges from between 75 degrees and 90 degrees. - The air straightener baffles 42 are arranged in a manner that protects the refractories that line the interior of the
boiler 12 shown inFIG. 1 . Thebaffles 42 collect condensation from the exhaust gas and redirect the condensation to theair straightener walls 86. Thewalls 86 direct the condensation out of theair straightener 14 and into a sewer (not shown). - Referring now to
FIGS. 7-8 , the construction of the top taperedportion 28 is similar to the construction of the bottom taperedportion 26 shown inFIGS. 5-6 . Contrary to the bottom taperedportion 26, the top taperedportion 28 does not include theinternal baffles 42. The toptapered portion 22 also includes atubular conduit 30 shown inFIG. 3 . - Referring now to
FIG. 9 , there is shown another embodiment of a heat recovery device that is generally designated by the numeral 88 in which like elements are identified by like numerals shown inFIGS. 1-8 . Theheat recovery device 88 includes anair straightener 16 and aheat recovery unit 20. Theheat recovery device 88 recovers waste heat and removes contaminants for theheating system 10 shown inFIG. 1 . - Contrary to the embodiments shown in
FIGS. 2-8 , theheat recovery device 88 includes acatalyst assembly 90. Thecatalyst assembly 90 includes aremovable catalyst drawer 48 and anammonia production system 92. Theammonia production system 92 distributes ammonia onto catalyst material within thecatalyst drawer 48 by spraying. - The
catalyst assembly 90 includes suitable catalyst materials that utilize ammonia generated by theammonia production system 92 to remove contaminants within theheat recovery device 14. Theheat recovery device 14 consumes the ammonia that is produced by theammonia system 92 to produce an exhaust stream that does not include ammonia. - According to the provisions of the patent statutes, we have explained the principle, preferred construction and mode of operation of our invention and have illustrated and described what we now consider to represent its best embodiments. However, it should be understood that, within the scope of the appended claims, the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically illustrated and described.
Claims (44)
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US12/456,737 US7862787B1 (en) | 2009-06-22 | 2009-06-22 | Heat recovery device for a boiler |
CA2696258A CA2696258C (en) | 2009-06-22 | 2010-03-09 | Heat recovery device for a boiler assembly |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US12/456,737 US7862787B1 (en) | 2009-06-22 | 2009-06-22 | Heat recovery device for a boiler |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US20100322835A1 true US20100322835A1 (en) | 2010-12-23 |
US7862787B1 US7862787B1 (en) | 2011-01-04 |
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US12/456,737 Expired - Fee Related US7862787B1 (en) | 2009-06-22 | 2009-06-22 | Heat recovery device for a boiler |
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US (1) | US7862787B1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2696258C (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20110226230A1 (en) * | 2010-03-19 | 2011-09-22 | Duke Manufacturing Co. | Apparatus and method for blocking flame and spreading heated gas from a broiler flue |
JP2014202435A (en) * | 2013-04-05 | 2014-10-27 | バブコック日立株式会社 | Denitration system |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9409124B2 (en) * | 2012-05-22 | 2016-08-09 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Flow control grid |
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JP2014202435A (en) * | 2013-04-05 | 2014-10-27 | バブコック日立株式会社 | Denitration system |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2696258C (en) | 2014-02-18 |
US7862787B1 (en) | 2011-01-04 |
CA2696258A1 (en) | 2010-12-22 |
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