US20100228289A1 - Bio-flexible spinal fixation apparatus with shape memory alloy - Google Patents
Bio-flexible spinal fixation apparatus with shape memory alloy Download PDFInfo
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- US20100228289A1 US20100228289A1 US12/798,696 US79869610A US2010228289A1 US 20100228289 A1 US20100228289 A1 US 20100228289A1 US 79869610 A US79869610 A US 79869610A US 2010228289 A1 US2010228289 A1 US 2010228289A1
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- rod
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- rods
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- vertebra
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
- A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
- A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
- A61B17/70—Spinal positioners or stabilisers ; Bone stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
- A61B17/7001—Screws or hooks combined with longitudinal elements which do not contact vertebrae
- A61B17/7002—Longitudinal elements, e.g. rods
- A61B17/7019—Longitudinal elements having flexible parts, or parts connected together, such that after implantation the elements can move relative to each other
- A61B17/7026—Longitudinal elements having flexible parts, or parts connected together, such that after implantation the elements can move relative to each other with a part that is flexible due to its form
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
- A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
- A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
- A61B17/70—Spinal positioners or stabilisers ; Bone stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
- A61B17/7001—Screws or hooks combined with longitudinal elements which do not contact vertebrae
- A61B17/7002—Longitudinal elements, e.g. rods
- A61B17/7004—Longitudinal elements, e.g. rods with a cross-section which varies along its length
- A61B17/7005—Parts of the longitudinal elements, e.g. their ends, being specially adapted to fit in the screw or hook heads
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
- A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
- A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
- A61B17/70—Spinal positioners or stabilisers ; Bone stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
- A61B17/7001—Screws or hooks combined with longitudinal elements which do not contact vertebrae
- A61B17/7002—Longitudinal elements, e.g. rods
- A61B17/7004—Longitudinal elements, e.g. rods with a cross-section which varies along its length
- A61B17/7007—Parts of the longitudinal elements, e.g. their ends, being specially adapted to fit around the screw or hook heads
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
- A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
- A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
- A61B17/70—Spinal positioners or stabilisers ; Bone stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
- A61B17/7001—Screws or hooks combined with longitudinal elements which do not contact vertebrae
- A61B17/7002—Longitudinal elements, e.g. rods
- A61B17/7004—Longitudinal elements, e.g. rods with a cross-section which varies along its length
- A61B17/7008—Longitudinal elements, e.g. rods with a cross-section which varies along its length with parts of, or attached to, the longitudinal elements, bearing against an outside of the screw or hook heads, e.g. nuts on threaded rods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
- A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
- A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
- A61B17/70—Spinal positioners or stabilisers ; Bone stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
- A61B17/7049—Connectors, not bearing on the vertebrae, for linking longitudinal elements together
- A61B17/7052—Connectors, not bearing on the vertebrae, for linking longitudinal elements together of variable angle or length
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
- A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
- A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
- A61B17/70—Spinal positioners or stabilisers ; Bone stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
- A61B17/7001—Screws or hooks combined with longitudinal elements which do not contact vertebrae
- A61B17/7002—Longitudinal elements, e.g. rods
- A61B17/7004—Longitudinal elements, e.g. rods with a cross-section which varies along its length
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
- A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
- A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
- A61B17/70—Spinal positioners or stabilisers ; Bone stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
- A61B17/7001—Screws or hooks combined with longitudinal elements which do not contact vertebrae
- A61B17/7002—Longitudinal elements, e.g. rods
- A61B17/7011—Longitudinal element being non-straight, e.g. curved, angled or branched
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
- A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
- A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
- A61B17/70—Spinal positioners or stabilisers ; Bone stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
- A61B17/7001—Screws or hooks combined with longitudinal elements which do not contact vertebrae
- A61B17/7002—Longitudinal elements, e.g. rods
- A61B17/7019—Longitudinal elements having flexible parts, or parts connected together, such that after implantation the elements can move relative to each other
- A61B17/7026—Longitudinal elements having flexible parts, or parts connected together, such that after implantation the elements can move relative to each other with a part that is flexible due to its form
- A61B17/7028—Longitudinal elements having flexible parts, or parts connected together, such that after implantation the elements can move relative to each other with a part that is flexible due to its form the flexible part being a coil spring
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
- A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
- A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
- A61B17/70—Spinal positioners or stabilisers ; Bone stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
- A61B17/7001—Screws or hooks combined with longitudinal elements which do not contact vertebrae
- A61B17/7032—Screws or hooks with U-shaped head or back through which longitudinal rods pass
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B2017/00831—Material properties
- A61B2017/00867—Material properties shape memory effect
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/064—Surgical staples, i.e. penetrating the tissue
- A61B2017/0645—Surgical staples, i.e. penetrating the tissue being elastically deformed for insertion
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a spinal fixation apparatus which can correct and immobilize injured or deformed human spine; and, more particularly, to a spine fixation apparatus for easily carrying out an operation on the spine, by using segment flexible rods and a transverse link which are made from a shape memory alloy, so that the rod and the transverse link can elongate in different shapes with flexibility.
- the vertebra typically consists of 24 bones (except for sacral vertebra). They are connected to each other through joint segments and there are discs between the joint segments. By this structure, the vertebra has man's posture kept and a shock absorbed. Also, the vertebra is essential to exercises and protects all internal organs from an external shock. However, the vertebra of the spine can be injured or wrenched by external environments, abnormal postures for a long time and anaplastia and so on, which may induce a serious back pain by pressing the nerve system passing through the spine.
- a conventional spinal fixation apparatus includes a plurality of pedicle screws 200 which are respectively inserted through the pedicle into injured or deformed vertebra, wherein each of the pedicle screws 200 has a head 201 formed at a top portion thereof, wherein the head 201 has a U-shaped rod passage 201 a and a female thread 201 b is formed on an inner surface thereof, and wherein a thread 202 is formed below the head 201 in order that the pedicle screws 200 can be implanted into the vertebra; a pair of longitudinal rods 250 which are located in both laterals of the spine and coupled to the pedicle screws 200 for preventing a movement of the vertebra; a number of set screws 300 , each of which has a male thread and a wrench hole 300 a on an upper surface thereof, being inserted into the rod passage 201 a of the head 201 of the pedicle screw 200 for preventing a movement of the rod; and a transverse link 400 for holding the longitudinal rods 250
- the thread 202 of the pedicle screws 200 is implanted into the vertebral body 500 .
- the rod 250 is then put into the rod passage 201 a .
- the set screw 300 is joined to the female thread 201 b of the rod passage 201 a.
- the set screw 300 is joined to the rod passage 201 a , by inserting it into a groove 300 a and turning it with a wrench on the top thereof. As a result, the bottom side of the set screw 300 compresses the top of the rod 250 within the rod passage 201 a of the pedicle screws 200 .
- the rod 250 is definitely tightened up on the pedicle screw 200 to correct the diseased or injured vertebral body 500 .
- the both ends of the transverse link 400 are coupled to the pair of the rods 250 so that the transverse link 400 is laid across the rods 250 which is connected to the pedicle screws 200 .
- the transverse link 400 prevents a rotation and migration of the rod 250 .
- the rod 250 functions as a basic element to correct the vertebra. Therefore, the material of the rods or the properties of the rod, such as elasticity, has a large effect on human body, after it is inseparably fused together with the vertebra.
- the rod 250 itself is not elastic because it is made from a titan alloy for medicine. It is very difficult to keep the line of his lumber normal since the vertebra segment is fused together with the rod to correct the vertebra bodies.
- the weight is concentrated upon the upper segment or the lower segment so that it will cause another vertebra stegnotic or instability of a lumbar vertebra within a few years after the vertebra fusion.
- the rod can be broken and buried in the vertebra, when a shock is inflicted upon the lumbar vertebra.
- the rod is made to have a normal spinal curvature shape without being related to a specific spinal shape of individual. That causes the difficulty of standardizing each single products and making various shapes, thereby increasing the cost of products. Also, the rod structure induces a series of bottlenecks in connecting the pedicle screw to the rod because the rod has a straight shape. That is, the individual spinal shape is different from each other. Therefore, if the pedicle screws are not fixed uniformly between the segments, it was very difficult to install the straight rod on the pedicle screws. This is caused by the physical properties of the rod. In this case, an operator has to adjust a distance and direction of the pedicle screw based on the location of the rod, by making the pedicle screw slanted.
- the operator has to adjust an angle of the pedicle screw's head, using the polyaxial type screw, which can freely rotate a head around the screw in a range of predetermined angle and set the rod up thereon.
- the operating work using the conventional vertebra fixation apparatus needs accuracy, because he must correctly grasp the location to install the pedicle screw and then have to make a hole in vertebra with a burden on the surgeon. Also, it takes a lot of times to make the rod based on a curved shape of patient's vertebra and to set the location of pedicle screw.
- an elastic rod for connecting the pedicle screws is illustrated in Korean utility model No. 0,338,006.
- This rod comprises a rod body 601 and an elastic connection portion 603 formed in the middle of the rod body 601 .
- the elastic rod is in various types, such as a semicircular ring, a coil spring, a bar type smaller then the diameter of the rod body, and the like.
- the rod structure has a problem in that it is difficult to connect the rod to the pedicle screw.
- FIG. 4 shows a perspective view of the conventional transverse link 400 for preventing the pedicle from a minute movement.
- the transverse link 400 comprises a fixed type housing 410 and a movable type housing 420 which are respectively hooked on both ends of the rod 250 ; a space bar 430 supported on the rod 250 ; and a set screw 440 connected with the fixed type housing 410 and the movable type housing 420 so that the space bar 430 is fixed to the rod 250 .
- the fixed type housing 410 and the movable type housing 420 respectively include half circle hooks 410 a and 420 a for connection on the rod 250 ; support holes 410 b and 420 b inserted into the both ends of the rod 250 ; screw holes 410 c and 420 c into which set screws 440 are inserted.
- the hook 410 a of the fixed type housing 410 is hooked on the rod 250 and then one end of the space bar 430 is inserted into the support hole 410 b .
- the hook 420 a of the movable type housing 420 is hooked on the rod 250 and then another end of the space bar 430 is inserted into the support hole 420 b .
- the set screws 440 are joined to the screw holes 410 c and 420 c respectively, for securely tightening the rod 250 under the space bar 430 .
- the inner diameter of the hook 410 a is almost equal to that of the rod 250 . Therefore, if one of the rods 250 is tilted or they are not in parallel, the transverse link 400 cannot comply with such a declination or unbalance of the rods 250 . In case of the declination or unbalance of the rods 250 , the support holes 410 a and 420 a of the fixed type housing 410 and movable type housing 420 are also unbalanced and thus the space bar 430 cannot be inserted into the support holes 410 b and 420 b .
- the position of the movable type housing 420 may be wrenched and distorted so that the rod 250 may be separated from the hook 420 a of the movable type housing 420 .
- the set screw 440 is joined to the screw hole 430 , it is impossible to securely support the space bar 430 upon the rod 250 .
- This problem in the transverse link 400 requires to take a long time for an operation on the surgery. In case where it is difficult to assemble the transverse link 400 , it may be omitted; however, this will cause a defect of the surgery.
- a primary object of the present invention is to provide a spinal fixation apparatus which can easily and simply achieve a connection between a pedicle screw and a rod, even if it is slightly out of alignment of the pedicle screws during surgery, by deforming the shape and length of each of the rods and the transverse link which are made from a shape memory alloy of which the shape is changed at a specific temperature.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a spinal fixation apparatus which has a strength enough to correct the spine during the restoration from an elastic force so that the spinal fixation apparatus gives flexible behavior to corrected vertebral segments.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a staple type rod which is made from a shape memory alloy.
- the staple type rod of the present invention can easily and simply perform an operation of the vertebra correction and reduce the number of parts, being implanted directly into selected vertebra without a pedicle screw.
- a spinal fixation apparatus comprising: a plurality of pedicle screws, each of which has a head formed at a top portion thereof and a thread formed below the head to be implanted into a pedicle of a vertebra, wherein the head has a reception cavity and at least one rod groove on a bottom surface of the reception cavity; a pair of rods connected to the pedicle screws for preventing a movement of the vertebra, wherein the rods has an elasticity section therein and are mounted on the rod groove in the reception cavity; at least one transverse link which has an elasticity section in a straight member and hooks extended from both ends of the straight member for rigidly holding the pair of rods; and a plurality of set screws, each of which is rigidly inserted into the reception cavity of the head, preventing a movement of the rod, wherein the rods and the transverse link are made from a shape memory alloy which can be deformed at a predetermined temperature.
- a spinal fixation apparatus comprising: a plurality of pedicle screws, each of which has a head formed at a top portion thereof and a thread formed below the head to be implanted into a pedicle of a vertebra, wherein the head has a first rod groove formed in a bottom surface of the head; a plurality of head caps for covering the head of the pedicle screw, wherein the head cap has a second rod groove formed on an inner surface thereof; a pair of rods surrounded by the first rod groove of the head and the second rod groove of the head cap, preventing a movement of the vertebra, wherein the rods has an elasticity section therein; at least one transverse link which has an elasticity section in a straight member and hooks extended from both ends of the straight member for rigidly holding the pair of rods; and a plurality of fixing means, each of which tightens the head cap to the head of the pedicle screw, being inserted into the reception cavity of the head of the
- a spinal fixation apparatus comprising: a plurality of pedicle screws, each of which has a head formed at a top portion thereof and a thread formed below the head to be implanted into a pedicle of a vertebra, wherein the head has a reception cavity and two parallel rod grooves in a bottom surface of the reception cavity; a pair of rods connected to the pedicle screws for preventing a movement of the vertebra, wherein the rod is made of shape memory alloy which can be transformed in designated temperature and wherein the rods includes: 1) a straight bar placed in line with a center of the heads; 2) an elastic section formed in the straight bar; and 3) support bars having bending portions extended from both ends of the straight bar and bent along an outer surface of the head and line portions extended from both ends of the bending portions and put in the rod grooves, and a plurality of set members, each of which is inserted into the reception cavity of the head of the pedicle screws for preventing a movement of the
- a spinal fixation apparatus comprising: a plurality of pedicle screws, each of which has a head formed at a top portion thereof, and a thread formed below the head to be implanted into a pedicle of a vertebra, wherein the head has at least one circular groove on an outer surface thereof; and a pair of rods connected to the pedicle screws for preventing a movement of the vertebra, wherein each of the rods has a straight bar placed in line with a center line of the heads, an elastic section formed in the straight bar, support rings wound on the circular grooves of the heads, wherein the rods are made from a shape memory alloy which can be deformed at a predetermined temperature.
- a spinal fixation apparatus comprising: a plurality of pedicle screws, each of which has a head formed at a top portion thereof, and a thread formed below the head to be implanted into a pedicle of a vertebra, wherein the head has a horizontal opening passing through a head body and a perpendicular thread hole to receive a fixing means; a pair of rods connected to the pedicle screws for preventing a movement of the vertebra, wherein the rods has a straight bar, and hooks extended from both ends of the straight bar and bent to be inserted into the horizontal opening, wherein the rods are made from a shape memory alloy which can be deformed at a predetermined temperature; and a plurality of fixing means for preventing a movement of the rod through the perpendicular thread hole of the head.
- a spinal fixation apparatus comprising: a plurality of pedicle screws, each of which has a head formed at a top portion thereof and a thread formed below the head to be implanted into a pedicle of a vertebra, wherein the head has a reception cavity and two parallel rod grooves in a bottom surface of the reception cavity; a pair of rods connected to the pedicle screws for preventing a movement of the vertebra, wherein each of the rods has a “U” shape and wherein the rods are made from a shape memory alloy which can be deformed at a predetermined temperature; and a plurality of set members, each of which is inserted into the reception cavity of the head of the pedicle screws for preventing a movement of the rod.
- a spinal fixation apparatus comprising: at least one pedicle screw which has a head at a top portion thereof and a thread formed below the head to be implanted into a pedicle of a vertebra, wherein the head has a reception cavity and two parallel sockets formed in a bottom of the reception cavity; a pair of staple rods connected to the pedicle screws for preventing a movement of the vertebra, wherein one side of each of the rods is directly implanted into a pedicle of the vertebra and the other side is inserted into one of the sockets; and at least one set member which is inserted into the reception cavity of the head of the pedicle screws for preventing a movement of the rod.
- a spinal fixation apparatus comprising: at least one staple rods each of which has a bridge member for providing a space between a selected vertebra and an adjacent vertebra, an elastic section formed in the bridge member and a spike member to be implanted into the pedicle of a vertebra, wherein the spike member is downwardly extended from both ends of the bridge member, wherein the rod is made of shape memory alloy which can be deformed at a predetermined temperature.
- a spinal fixation apparatus comprising: a plurality of pedicle screws having a head part; and a pair of rods for connecting the pedicle screws, wherein the rods are in a first structure at a first temperature range and are in a second structure at a second temperature range, wherein the second structure is a memorized shape of a shape memory alloy, and wherein the rods provide a handling margin in the first structure so that the rods of the memorized shape are more tight than those of the first structure, wherein the head part has a fixating means for securely fixing the rod and end parts of the rod are joined to the fixating means.
- a spinal fixation apparatus comprising: first and second pedicle screw arrays perpendicularly arranged, substantially being in parallel to each other, wherein each of the first and second pedicle screw arrays includes: a) a plurality of pedicle screws joined to vertebras of human spine, each pedicle screw includes: 1) a head having a plurality of reception means; and 2) a male thread formed on a leg part to be implanted into the vertebras; and b) first and second rod arrays respectively connected the first and second pedicle screw arrays, wherein each of the first and second rod arrays includes a plurality of segment rods and wherein an end of each the segment rod is safely secured to one of the plurality of reception means, wherein the segment rods are a shape memory alloy.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view illustrating a conventional spine fixation apparatus
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view illustrating a conventional spine fixation apparatus applied to the lumbar spine
- FIG. 3 is a plan view illustrating various forms of conventional rods
- FIG. 4 is a perspective view illustrating a conventional transverse link applied to the rods
- FIG. 5 is a perspective view illustrating a spine fixation apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 6 is a perspective view illustrating an assembly of the spine fixation apparatus shown in FIG. 5 ;
- FIG. 7 is a cross-section view taken along A-A line shown in FIG. 6 ;
- FIG. 8 is a plan view illustrating another form of the rod in the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a sectional view illustrating a pedicle screw in the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a plan view illustrating a serial connection of the rods and the pedicle screws shown in FIG. 9 ;
- FIG. 11 is a perspective view illustrating a transverse link applied to the rods according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a front view illustrating a connection between the transverse link and rods
- FIG. 13 a is a perspective view illustrating another form of the rod
- FIG. 13 b is a plan view illustrating another form of the rod
- FIG. 14 is a perspective view illustrating a connection between the transverse links to a head of the pedicle screw
- FIG. 15 is a front view illustrating a spine fixation apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 16 is a perspective view illustrating a spine fixation apparatus according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 17 is a plan view illustrating a serial connection the rods to a head of a pedicle screw shown in FIG. 16 ;
- FIG. 18 is a perspective view illustrating a spine fixation apparatus according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 19 is a perspective view illustrating a serial connection the rods to a head of a pedicle screw shown in FIG. 18 ;
- FIG. 20 is a plan view illustrating an assembly of spine fixation apparatus shown in FIG. 18 ;
- FIG. 21 is a perspective view illustrating a spine fixation apparatus according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 22 a and 22 b are perspective views illustrating a spine fixation apparatus according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 23 is a perspective view illustrating a spine fixation apparatus according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 24 is a perspective view illustrating a staple rod in the seventh embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 25 is plan view illustrating a pedicle screw in the seventh embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 26 is a perspective view illustrating a serial connection of the stapling rods to a head of the pedicle screw shown in FIG. 23 ;
- FIG. 27 is a perspective view illustrating a spine fixation apparatus according to an eight embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 28 is a perspective view illustrating another form of the staple rod.
- a spinal fixation apparatus can easily correct injured spines by using rods and transverse links which are made from a shape memory alloy.
- the rods and transverse links are made out of Nitinol alloy (Ni—Ti alloy) which has a superelastic characteristic.
- FIGS. 5 to 14 A first embodiment will be described in detail referring to FIGS. 5 to 14 .
- the spinal fixation apparatus includes a plurality of pedicle screws 1 implanted into the patient's vertebra; a pair of rods 2 located in both laterals of the spine and connected to the pedicle screws for preventing a movement of the vertebra; and a number of transverse links 3 for providing space between the rods.
- the pedicle screw 1 comprises a head 11 formed at a top portion thereof and a thread 13 formed below the head to be implanted into the vertebra.
- the head 1 has a reception cavity 11 a to receive the rod 2 and at least one rod groove 12 at the bottom of the reception cavity 11 a .
- a diameter of the rod groove 12 corresponds to that of the rod 2 .
- the rod 2 has a rod body 15 which is bent and then has a hook shape at both ends thereof and the rod 2 has an elasticity section 16 formed in the middle of the rod body 15 to generate an elastic force corresponding to a shock which is inflicted on the patient's vertebra.
- the elasticity section 16 is made of a coil spring.
- the coil spring is equal to the rod body 15 in their diameters.
- Another form of the elasticity section 16 is shown in a wave shape as shown in FIG. 8 .
- the diameter of the rod is approximately in a range of 2 to 7 mm and it can be adjusted on a basis of unit diameter of 0.5 mm.
- the elasticity section 16 serves as a buffer between spinal segments when the pedicle screw 1 is fused together with the spine. That is, when patients bends or wrenches his waist or an shock is inflicted on his waist, the elasticity section 16 can alleviate stimuli which are caused by patients' activities or the external shock.
- a set screw 17 is inserted into the reception cavity 11 a of the head 11 of the pedicle screws 1 for preventing a movement of the rod 2 .
- the set screw 17 has an outer thread 17 a for securely tightening the rod 2 and a recess 17 b having a hexagonal cross-section view on the upper portion thereof so that the set screw 17 is inserted into the reception cavity 11 a of the head 11 .
- the length of the set screw 17 should be short enough not to protrude from the upper surface of the reception cavity 11 a of the head 11 .
- the reception cavity 11 a of the head 11 also has an inner thread 11 b to be joined to the outer thread 17 a of the set screw 17 .
- the head 11 of the pedicle screw 1 has a rod fixing recess 14 for tightening an end of the rod 2 .
- the rod 2 is inserted into the reception cavity 11 a and is put into the rod groove 12 as the end of the rod is tightly inserted into the rod fixing recess 14 .
- the rod fixing recess 14 and the rod 2 have the same diameter or the diameter of the rod fixing recess 14 is slightly larger than that of the rod 2 .
- a head cap 18 can be adopted on the upper portion of the head 11 to eliminate the change from a misaligned fixation of the set screw 17 . Since the head cap 18 provides an additional support to improve the rod holding power, this can be used as an additional rod such as a fastening element.
- the head cap 18 is additionally set as needed, not essential.
- the head 11 of the pedicle screw 1 is able to have two rod grooves 12 and 12 ′ and two rod fixing recess 14 , 14 ′, as shown in FIG. 9 . According to this structure, it is able to serially set the rods 2 without using an additional connector by inserting the rods 2 and 2 ′ into the rod grooves 12 and 12 ′ alternately, as shown in FIG. 10 .
- the first embodiment of the present invention is restricted within the above structure.
- the rod can be formed in a straight bar shape or a right angle bar shape which is perpendicular to both ends of the rod body.
- the structure of the pedicle screw 1 is formed with a single rod groove without the rod fixing recess 14 .
- it may be employed in different structures of the pedicle screw corresponding to the modified rod.
- the modified rod 2 is securely fixed by the set screw 17 within the reception cavity 11 a of the head 11 .
- a transverse link 3 will be described in detail referring to FIGS. 11 and 12 .
- the transverse link 3 includes one straight member 31 and two hooks 32 which are respectively extended and bent from both ends of the straight member 31 .
- the transverse link 3 is formed in a rectangular plate.
- the length of the transverse link 3 is approximately in a range of 20 to 80 mm and it can be adjusted on a basis of unit length of 2 mm.
- the transverse link 3 keeps a space between the rods 2 and 2 ′ by grasping the rods 2 and 2 ′ through the hooks 32 .
- the transverse link 3 of a plate shape has strength to maintain the space between the rods 2 and 2 ′ even if an external force is applied to the rods 2 and 2 ′ and the rods 2 and 2 ′ are then wrenched.
- FIG. 13 a and FIG. 13 b are views illustrating transverse links which are different from that of FIG. 11 . That is, an elasticity section 33 is formed in the middle of a straight member 31 .
- the elasticity section 33 has a coil spring as shown in FIG. 13 a or a wave shape as shown in FIG. 13 b .
- the elasticity section 33 of the transverse link 3 absorbs a load which is applied to the rod 2 .
- FIG. 14 illustrates an S-shaped transverse link 3 which is different from that of FIG. 11 .
- the S-shaped transverse link 3 includes one bending member 36 and two hooks 32 which are horizontally extended and bent from both ends of the bending member 36 for holding the head 11 of the pedicle screw 1 .
- a slit 25 is provided on the circumference of the head 11 of the pedicle screw 1 in order to insert the hooks 32 of the S-shaped transverse link 3 into the head 11 .
- the above-mentioned rods 2 and 2 ′ and transverse links 3 in the first embodiment of present invention are made from a shape memory alloy causing deformation at a specific temperature.
- the rods 2 and 2 ′ and the transverse links 3 have a temperature characteristic that they are in a martensite phase at a temperature of +10.degree. C. and below and in an austenite phase at a temperature of more than +35.degree. C. to return back to a memorized original shape.
- the deformed shape is kept unchanged up to +26.degree. C. and the memorized shape is gradually restored by a heat treatment up to +35.degree. C.
- the rods 2 and 2 ′ and the transverse link 3 are obtained by performing a heat treatment at a temperature of 650.degree. C. to 750.degree. C. for one hour or so, after forming the hooks and elastic section at both ends and the middle section of the shape memory material, respectively.
- the rods 2 and 2 ′ and the transverse link 3 have a deforming characteristic at a specific temperature.
- the pedicle screws 1 are implanted into a selected pedicle of the vertebras in a predetermined angle and depth. At this time, that is not considered configuration of screws that are not well aligned in general. It lengthens the elastic section 16 of the rod 2 by deforming the rod 2 at a temperature of +10.degree. C. and below so that the rod 2 is easily set into the reception cavity 11 a of the head 11 of the pedicle screw 1 , before the rod 2 is inserted into the reception cavity 11 a of head 11 for coupling the rod 2 to the plurality of the screws 1 .
- the end of the rod 2 of the hook shape is inserted into the rod fixing recess 14 , while a deformed straight member (the rod body 15 ) of the rod 2 is inserted to the rod groove 12 which is formed in the bottom of the reception cavity 11 a of head 11 .
- the outer thread 17 a of the set screw 17 is downwardly joined to the reception cavity 11 a of the head 11 so that the set screw 17 is tightly fixed to the inner thread 11 b of the reception cavity 11 a using a wrench tool.
- the rod 2 is pressed by the set screw 17 and the rod 2 is securely and rigidly fixed to the pedicle screw 1 .
- the rode can be easily and simply connected to the pedicle screw 1 because the rod 2 can be freely bent toward the pedicle screw 1 .
- the rod 2 provides a movement of between the spinal segments through the superelastic action of the elastic section 16 when the patients bend or wrench his back, after the spine fusion.
- the pedicle screw 1 having the two rod grooves 12 and 12 are used. That is, the rods 2 and 2 ′ are respectively and alternately set to the rod grooves 12 and 12 ′ positioned in the reception cavity 11 a , as shown in FIG. 10 . Therefore, in case that the pedicle screw 1 having two rod grooves 12 and 12 ′ are used, it is not necessary to take an additional connector for a serial connection.
- the transverse link 3 is hung on a pair of the rods 2 to provide a space between the two rods 2 .
- the installing work of the transverse link 3 is taken in the same manner as it done in the above-mentioned rod installation procedure. That is, it lengthens a body 31 or widens a space of the hooks 32 thereof, by deforming the transverse link 3 at a temperature of +10.degree. C. and below.
- the deformed hook 32 of the transverse link 3 is inserted into the outer surface of the rod 2 . In case of the S-shaped transverse link, it is inserted into a slit 25 of the head 11 .
- the transverse link 3 After the installation of the transverse link 3 , it returns back to the memorized original shape, being transformed to the austenite phase through the heat treatment at a temperature of more than +35.degree. C. so that the transverse link 3 is rigidly fixed on the rod and, in case of the S-shaped transverse link 3 , it is fixed on the slit 25 of the pedicle screw 1 .
- FIG. 15 A second embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail referring to FIG. 15 and the same reference numerals denote the same elements as illustrated in the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the head 11 of the pedicle screw 1 is formed with a pair of first rod grooves 21 and 21 ′ to locate the rod 2 on an upper portion thereof. Also, a pair of rod inserting recesses 22 and 22 ′ are respectively formed below the rod grooves 21 and 21 ′ and the rod inserting recesses 22 and 22 ′ are positioned in the same axis of the rod grooves 21 and 21 ′, respectively.
- a female thread 23 is formed on an inner surface of the head 11 at a predetermined depth.
- a head cap 20 is provided on the upper portion of the head 11 and the head cap 20 has a pair of second rod grooves 24 and 24 ′ corresponding the first rod grooves 21 and 21 ′.
- a fixing screw 25 is joined to the female thread 23 passing through the head cap 20 so that the head 11 is strongly fixed to the head cap 20 .
- a diameter of the first rod grooves 21 and 21 ′ and the second rod grooves 24 and 24 ′ is correspondent to that of the rods 2 and 2 ′.
- the rod inserting grooves 22 , 22 ′ have the same or slightly large diameter than that of the rod 2 .
- first rod grooves 21 and 21 ′ may be provided at both sides of the first rod groove. If two rod grooves are provided, one female thread may be positioned in the middle of the first rod grooves 21 and 21 ′. In this drawing, the pair of the first rod grooves 21 and 21 ′ are shown. These two grooves are required to serially and alternately set the two rods 2 and 2 ′ on the first rod grooves 21 and 21 ′.
- FIGS. 16 to 28 A third to eight embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail referring to FIGS. 16 to 28 .
- a rod, a staple rod and a middle connection rod in the these embodiments are made from a shape memory alloy which is in a martensite phase at a temperature of +10.degree. C. and below and in an austenite phase at a temperature of more than +35.degree. C. to return back to the memorized original shape.
- the shape memory alloy of these embodiments undergoes a preliminary deformation at a temperature of +10.degree. C. and below.
- a deformed shape is kept unchanged up to temperature +26.degree. C.
- a shape restoration is occurs under the heating up to +35.degree. C.
- FIGS. 16 and 17 A third embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail referring to FIGS. 16 and 17 .
- a plurality of pedicle screws 40 comprises; a head formed at a top portion thereof, wherein the head has a reception cavity 41 a and two parallel rod grooves 42 and 42 ′ in bottom surface of the reception cavity 41 a ; and a thread 43 formed below the head to be implanted into a pedicle of the vertebra.
- Two parallel rod grooves 42 and 42 ′ in the reception cavity 41 a contributes to a connection of the rods 50 and the pedicle screws 40 without an additional connector.
- the rod grooves 42 , 42 ′ have a diameter equivalent to the rod 50 .
- a set screw 44 is inserted into the reception cavity 41 a of the head 41 of the pedicle screws 40 for preventing a movement of the rod 50 .
- the set screw 44 has an outer thread 44 a and a recess 44 b which has a hexagonal cross-section view in the reception cavity 41 a of the head 41 .
- the length of the set screw 44 should be short enough not to protrude from the upper surface of the reception cavity 41 a of the head 41 .
- the reception cavity 41 a of the head 41 has an inner thread 41 b to be joined to the outer thread 44 a of the set screw 44 .
- a head cap 45 can be adopted on the upper portion of the head 41 to eliminate the change from a misaligned fixation of the set screw 44 .
- the head cap 45 serves as an additional supporter to improve the rod holding power using an additional rod-fastening element.
- a pair of rods 50 comprises; a straight bar 51 placed at the center line of the heads; an elastic section 52 formed in the middle of the straight bar 51 to generate an elastic force for absorbing a shock which is inflicted on the patient's vertebra; and a support bar 53 extended from both ends of the straight bar 51 to be put in one of the rod grooves 42 and 42 ′.
- the diameter of the rod is approximately in a range of 2 to 7 mm and it can be adjusted on a basis of unit diameter of 0.5 mm.
- the elasticity section 52 is similar to a coil spring.
- the coil spring is equal to the straight bar 51 in their diameters.
- the elasticity section 52 can has a wave shape as another form.
- the support bar 53 have a line portion 53 a , which can be put on one of the rod grooves 42 a and 42 ′, and a bending portion 53 b which is extend from both ends of the straight bar 51 and curved along the outer surface of the head 41 .
- the straight bar 51 of the rod 50 is positioned on the central axis of the head 41 by the shape of the support bar 53 .
- One of the two support bars 53 is opposite to the other in the same head 41 ; however, the two support bars 53 can be in a reverse phase to each other, even if it is not shown in the drawings. That is, the rod 50 can be serially and alternately connected to the pedicle screw 40 with the support bar 53 of which the bending portions 53 b are reversibly positioned and are curved along the outer surface of the heads 41 .
- the support bars 53 at both sides of the rod 50 are respectively put into the rod grooves 42 and 42 ′. Also, the set screws 44 are coupled to the inner threaded 41 b of the reception cavity 41 a of the head 41 , being rigidly fixed to the rod 50 .
- FIGS. 18 to 20 A forth embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail referring to FIGS. 18 to 20 .
- FIG. 18 it comprises only a plurality of pedicle screws 60 and a rod 70 .
- the pedicle screws 60 includes a head 61 formed at the top portion thereof and a thread 62 formed below the head 61 .
- the head 61 has first and second circular grooves 61 a and 61 a ′ formed in an outer surface thereof.
- the rod 70 includes two straight bars 71 and 71 ′ placed at the center line of the head 61 of the pedicle screw 60 , an elastic section 72 formed in a type of wave between the two straight bars 71 and 71 ′, and support rings 73 and 73 ′ respectively extended from both ends of the straight bars 71 and 71 ′ to be inserted into one of the first and second circular grooves 61 a , 61 a′.
- the support rings 73 and 73 ′ of the rod 70 are in reverse phase to each other; however, they may be opposite to each other in the same head 61 , even if it is not shown in the drawings.
- the rods 70 are serially and alternately connected to the plurality of circular grooves 61 a and 61 a ′ of the heads 61 of the pedicle screws 60 , using the above support rings 73 and 73 ′.
- a fifth embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail referring to FIG. 21 .
- the fifth embodiment comprises a plurality of pedicle screws 80 have a head 81 , which is formed at the top portion thereof and has a cylindrical type block, and a thread 82 formed below the head 81 .
- the head 81 has an opening 81 a horizontally passing through the cylindrical type block to receive both ends of a rod 90 and a thread hole 81 b which is upwardly formed and is perpendicular to the opening 81 a .
- the thread hole 81 b of the head 81 is joined to a bolt 83 in order to tight the rod 90 .
- the rod 90 has a straight bar 91 and hooks 92 and 92 ′ which are roundly extended from both ends of the straight bar 91 to be inserted to the opening 81 a .
- the straight bar 91 can be provided with an elastic section in the middle of the rod 90 .
- the roundly curved hooks 92 of the rod 90 is deformed to a straight bar shape at a temperature +10.degree. C. and below.
- the straight bar shaped hooks 92 of the rod 90 is inserted to the opening 81 a .
- a heat treatment is applied to the rod 90 at a temperature of more than +35.degree. C.
- the deformed hooks 92 of the rod 90 are returned back to the memorized original shape and is rigidly fixed to the head 81 .
- the bolt 83 is joined to the thread hole 81 b of the head 81 for tightening the rod 90 to the pedicle screw 80 .
- FIG. 22 A sixth embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail referring to FIG. 22 .
- This sixth embodiment makes the connecting work simple, by simply coupling the rod to the pedicle screw after a plurality of the pedicle screws are installed in the pedicles of the vertebras
- a rod 100 of this sixth embodiment is formed in “U” shape.
- the U-shaped rod 100 is put into the rod grooves 42 and 42 ′ of the head 41 , after the pedicle screws 40 is inserted into pedicle of the vertebras.
- the connecting work of the rod 100 is achieved by tightening the set screw 44 to the reception cavity 41 a of the head 41 in order to fix the rod 100 to the pedicle screw 40 .
- the U-shaped rod 100 may be deformed to comply with the misaligned pedicle screw 40 . Accordingly, the deformed rod 100 is easily positioned in the rod grooves 42 and 42 ′ of the reception cavity 41 a of the head 41 .
- the deformed rod 100 is returned back to the original shape according to a memorized shape of the rod 100 , thereby correcting a position of the misaligned pedicle screw 40 .
- the U-shaped rods 100 can be replaced with a straight bar type rods 101 and 101 ′ as shown in FIG. 22 b .
- An elastic section 102 is provided in the middle of the straight rods 101 and 101 ′.
- the straight rods 101 and 101 ′ are respectively and alternately set to the rod grooves 42 and 42 ′ which are positioned in the reception cavity 41 a . Therefore, in case that the straight rods 101 and 101 ′ having the elastic section 102 are used, it is not necessary to have an additional connector for such a serial connection.
- FIGS. 23 to 26 A seventh embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail referring to FIGS. 23 to 26 .
- the seventh embodiment comprises at least one pedicle screw 110 , a pair of stapling rods 120 , and a middle connecting rod 140 .
- the pedicle screw 110 has a head 111 at the top portion thereof and a thread 113 formed below the head 111 to be implanted into the pedicle of the vertebra, wherein the head 111 has a reception cavity 111 a and first and second sockets 112 and 112 ′ formed in the bottom surface of a reception cavity 111 a.
- the rod 120 is formed in a staple structure for preventing a movement of the vertebra.
- One side of the staple rod 120 is directly implanted into the pedicle of the vertebra and other side thereof is inserted into one of the sockets 112 and 112 ′.
- the middle connecting rod 140 is employed for serially connecting the staple rod 120 to the pedicle screw 110 by inserting both ends thereof to the sockets 112 and 112 ′ of the head 111 , respectively.
- the staple rod 120 has a first bridge 121 for providing a space between selected vertebra and adjacent vertebra, an elastic section 126 formed in the middle of the first bridge 121 , a spike 122 downwardly extended from one end of the first bridge 121 to be implanted directly into the pedicle of the vertebra, and a first connecting pole 123 downwardly extended from the other end of the first bridge 121 to be fixed to the pedicle screws 110 .
- the length of the first connecting pole 123 is shorter than the depth of the reception cavity 111 a of the head ill so that the first connecting pole 123 is inserted into the socket 112 of the pedicle screw 110 .
- the spike 122 has a plurality of scarred regions 125 for preventing the spike 122 from being detached from the pedicle of the vertebra.
- the scarred regions 125 may be formed by an electro discharge machine.
- the diameter of the staple rod 120 is approximately in a range of 2 to 7 mm and it can be adjusted on a basis of unit diameter of 0.5 mm.
- the staple rod 120 is not separated from the vertebra because the scarred regions 125 are buried in the vertebra.
- the present invention is able to make a connection among three adjacent vertebras, using two staple rods 120 and one pedicle screw 110 .
- the middle connecting rod 140 has a second bridge 141 for providing a space between the pedicle screws 110 , an elastic section 146 formed in the middle of the second bridge 141 , and second connecting poles 142 downwardly extended from both ends of the second bridge 141 , wherein the length of the second connecting poles 142 is shorter than the depth of the reception cavity 111 a of the head 111 .
- the reason why is that a volume should be prepared for the insertion of a fixing member such as a set screw.
- the first connecting pole 123 of the staple rod 120 and the second connecting poles 142 are substantially equal to each other.
- one of the second connecting poles 142 extended at both ends of the middle connecting rod 140 is inserted into the socket 112 of head 111 of the pedicle screw 110 and the other is inserted into the socket 112 ′ of head 111 ′ of the adjacent pedicle screw 110 ′.
- the elastic sections 126 and 146 can be made up of a coil spring or a wave shape element.
- the diameter of each elastic sections 126 and 146 is substantially the same as that of first and second bridge 121 and 141 .
- At least one set screw 130 is joined to the reception cavity 111 a of the head 111 of the pedicle screws 110 for preventing a movement of the staple rod 120 .
- At least one head cap 131 is adopted to the upper surface of the head 111 .
- the head cap 131 is provided to improve holding power of the staple rod 120 without an additional rod such as a fastening element.
- the first and second pedicle screws 110 and 110 ′ are implanted into second and third middle vertebras, respectively.
- the first connecting pole 123 of the first staple rod 120 is inserted into one of the sockets 112 and 112 ′ of the first pedicle screw 110 and another connecting bar ( 123 ′) of the second staple rod 120 ′ is inserted into the socket 112 ′′ of the second pedicle screw 110 ′.
- the spikes 122 and 122 ′ of the first and second staple rods 120 and 120 ′ are implanted into the first vertebra and forth vertebra, respectively.
- the two second connecting poles 142 at both sides of the middle connecting rod 140 are inserted into the sockets 112 ′ an 122 ′′ of the first and second pedicle screws 110 and 110 , respectively.
- the outer thread 130 a of the set screw 130 is joined to the reception cavity 110 a of the head 110 and the set screw 130 is then joined to the inner thread 110 b of the reception cavity 110 a by a wrench tool. Accordingly, the staple rod 120 and the middle connecting rod 140 are simultaneously pressed by the set screw 130 so that the staple rod 120 and the middle connecting rod 140 are securely and rigidly fixed in the pedicle screw 110 . Although the pedicle screws 110 and 110 ′ are not well aligned, the staple rods 120 are easily and simply connected to the pedicle screw 110 . This can be further achieved by the deformation of the staple rods 120 and the middle connecting rod 140 .
- the staple rod 120 Before the first connecting poles 123 and 123 ′ of the first and second staple rods 120 , 120 ′ are inserted into the sockets 112 , 112 ′ of the head 111 , the staple rod 120 will be deformed at a phase transformation point (+10.degree. C. and below) on condition that one end of the first staple rod 120 is optimally connected to the socket 112 of the head 111 . Further, the spikes 122 and 122 ′ of the deformed first and second staple rods 120 and 120 ′ are implanted into bores of the vertebras. Also, the first connecting poles 123 and 123 ′ of the first and second deformed staple rods 120 and 120 ′ are joined to the sockets 112 and 112 ′ of the head 111 . Finally, the rod connection is completed among the pedicle screws 110 and 110 ′, the staple rods 120 and 120 ′ and the middle connecting rod 140 .
- a heat treatment is applied to the staple rods 120 and the middle connecting rod 140 at a restoration point (+35.degree. C. and over), using a surgical tool to have a heating source.
- the lengthened elastic sections 126 and 146 are returned back to the memorized original shape and are transformed to an austenite phase.
- the first and second connecting poles 123 and 142 , the staple rod 120 and the middle connecting rod 140 is rigidly fixed to the sockets 112 and 112 ′ of the head 110 , during the restoration to the memorized original shape.
- a movement between spinal segments is given by the superelastic action of the elastic section 126 and 146 , which are respectively formed in the staple rod 120 and the middle connecting rod 140 , when the patients bend or wrench his back after the spine fusion.
- the first and second staple rods 120 and 120 ′ are formed in the symmetric structure.
- FIGS. 27 and 28 An eighth embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail referring to FIGS. 27 and 28 .
- the staple rod 150 is directly implanted into the pedicle of the vertebra without any pedicle screw.
- At least one staple rod 150 is located at both laterals of the spine
- the staple rod 150 has a bridge 152 for providing a space between a selected vertebra and an adjacent vertebra, a spike 153 downwardly extended from both ends of the bridge 152 for implantation into the pedicle of the vertebra, and an elastic section 154 formed in the bridge 152 .
- the elastic section 154 can be made of a coil spring (see FIG. 27 ) or a wave shape element or a S-shaped element (see FIG. 28 ). Also, the spike 153 has a plurality of scarred regions 155 which prevents the spike 153 from being detached from the pedicle of the vertebra.
- the scarred regions 125 may be formed by an electro discharge machine.
- the rods and transverse links are made of a shape memorized Nitinol alloy (Ni—Ti alloy) which has a superelastic characteristic.
- Ni—Ti alloy Nitinol alloy
- the present invention can easily and simply make a structural connection between the rods and the pedicle screws without excessive force on the spine and/or implants.
- the rods and transverse links have an elastic section in an optional range thereof.
- the elasticity section of the rod allows a delicate movement after the spinal segments fusion. Thus, it disperses a load, which is put on the spinal segments which have been fused, through the rods and the transverse links having super-elasticity. As a result, a burden on lumbar vertebra is reduced. Also, in case of using the spinal fixation apparatus of the present invention, it has another effect on the decrease of a complication that can be caused between an upper segment and a lower segment.
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Abstract
A spinal fixation apparatus has a segment flexible rod for connecting pedicle screws and a transverse link for spacing out the rods, which are made from a shape memory alloy, thereby easily and simply connecting the rods and the pedicle screws. The rods can be easily and simply fit to the misaligned pedicle screw, even if there is a failure of alignment of the pedicle screws in surgery. The transverse link can be easily set up on a pair of the longitudinal rods, even if the longitudinal rods are declined or are not in parallel.
Description
- This application is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/044,268 filed on Jan. 28, 2005, which is a continuation under 35 U.S.C. §120 of International Application No. PCT/KR2004/003301 filed on Dec. 15, 2004 which claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §119 from Korean Application No. 10-2004-0076105 filed on Sep. 22, 2004; Korean Application No. 10-2004-0076106 filed on Sep. 22, 2004; Korean Application No. 10-2004-0097833 filed on Nov. 26, 2004 and Korean Application No. 10-2004-0097834 filed on Nov. 26, 2004.
- 1. Field of the Invention
- The present invention relates to a spinal fixation apparatus which can correct and immobilize injured or deformed human spine; and, more particularly, to a spine fixation apparatus for easily carrying out an operation on the spine, by using segment flexible rods and a transverse link which are made from a shape memory alloy, so that the rod and the transverse link can elongate in different shapes with flexibility.
- 2. Description of the Related Art
- Typically, the vertebra typically consists of 24 bones (except for sacral vertebra). They are connected to each other through joint segments and there are discs between the joint segments. By this structure, the vertebra has man's posture kept and a shock absorbed. Also, the vertebra is essential to exercises and protects all internal organs from an external shock. However, the vertebra of the spine can be injured or wrenched by external environments, abnormal postures for a long time and anaplastia and so on, which may induce a serious back pain by pressing the nerve system passing through the spine.
- Patients, who have been injured in a part of his spine, cannot take their activities in daily life, because the injured part of the spine is compressed by adjacent other parts of the spine. This spinal disorder requires a surgical intervention to treat the pain which is induced in nerve root by the compression and unstableness of intervertebral joints.
- As shown in
FIG. 1 , a conventional spinal fixation apparatus includes a plurality ofpedicle screws 200 which are respectively inserted through the pedicle into injured or deformed vertebra, wherein each of thepedicle screws 200 has ahead 201 formed at a top portion thereof, wherein thehead 201 has aU-shaped rod passage 201 a and afemale thread 201 b is formed on an inner surface thereof, and wherein athread 202 is formed below thehead 201 in order that thepedicle screws 200 can be implanted into the vertebra; a pair oflongitudinal rods 250 which are located in both laterals of the spine and coupled to thepedicle screws 200 for preventing a movement of the vertebra; a number ofset screws 300, each of which has a male thread and awrench hole 300 a on an upper surface thereof, being inserted into therod passage 201 a of thehead 201 of thepedicle screw 200 for preventing a movement of the rod; and atransverse link 400 for holding thelongitudinal rods 250. - In the conventional spinal fixation apparatus, the rods and the pedicle screws will be described in short, referring to the accompanying drawing.
- As shown in
FIG. 2 , thethread 202 of thepedicle screws 200 is implanted into thevertebral body 500. Therod 250 is then put into therod passage 201 a. In this situation, theset screw 300 is joined to thefemale thread 201 b of therod passage 201 a. - Also, the
set screw 300 is joined to therod passage 201 a, by inserting it into agroove 300 a and turning it with a wrench on the top thereof. As a result, the bottom side of theset screw 300 compresses the top of therod 250 within therod passage 201 a of thepedicle screws 200. - According to this assembly, the
rod 250 is definitely tightened up on thepedicle screw 200 to correct the diseased or injuredvertebral body 500. The both ends of thetransverse link 400 are coupled to the pair of therods 250 so that thetransverse link 400 is laid across therods 250 which is connected to thepedicle screws 200. When a patient gets to do a wrenched action toward his left or right sides, thetransverse link 400 prevents a rotation and migration of therod 250. - In the conventional spinal fixation apparatus, the
rod 250 functions as a basic element to correct the vertebra. Therefore, the material of the rods or the properties of the rod, such as elasticity, has a large effect on human body, after it is inseparably fused together with the vertebra. Therod 250 itself is not elastic because it is made from a titan alloy for medicine. It is very difficult to keep the line of his lumber normal since the vertebra segment is fused together with the rod to correct the vertebra bodies. - Also, after the vertebra is integrally fused together with the rod, the weight is concentrated upon the upper segment or the lower segment so that it will cause another vertebra stegnotic or instability of a lumbar vertebra within a few years after the vertebra fusion.
- In particular, it has some problems in that the rod can be broken and buried in the vertebra, when a shock is inflicted upon the lumbar vertebra.
- The rod is made to have a normal spinal curvature shape without being related to a specific spinal shape of individual. That causes the difficulty of standardizing each single products and making various shapes, thereby increasing the cost of products. Also, the rod structure induces a series of bottlenecks in connecting the pedicle screw to the rod because the rod has a straight shape. That is, the individual spinal shape is different from each other. Therefore, if the pedicle screws are not fixed uniformly between the segments, it was very difficult to install the straight rod on the pedicle screws. This is caused by the physical properties of the rod. In this case, an operator has to adjust a distance and direction of the pedicle screw based on the location of the rod, by making the pedicle screw slanted. Also, the operator has to adjust an angle of the pedicle screw's head, using the polyaxial type screw, which can freely rotate a head around the screw in a range of predetermined angle and set the rod up thereon. The operating work using the conventional vertebra fixation apparatus needs accuracy, because he must correctly grasp the location to install the pedicle screw and then have to make a hole in vertebra with a burden on the surgeon. Also, it takes a lot of times to make the rod based on a curved shape of patient's vertebra and to set the location of pedicle screw.
- To solve the problems of the conventional vertebra fixation apparatus, the various types of the rods has been provided with elasticity,
- An example of an elastic rod for connecting the pedicle screws is illustrated in Korean utility model No. 0,338,006. This rod comprises a
rod body 601 and anelastic connection portion 603 formed in the middle of therod body 601. As shown inFIG. 3 , the elastic rod is in various types, such as a semicircular ring, a coil spring, a bar type smaller then the diameter of the rod body, and the like. - These types provide the elastic connection portion for the rod in order that the rod body can be bent. This structure is capable of giving fluidity to the rod in a predetermined range between the pedicle segments. However, the rod structure results in a lose of the basic function of the spine correction since the elastic connection portion causes large movement. That is, the rod has to support and connect the spinal segments. In the above-mentioned structure, the pieces of the rod body are detachable so that they are freely movable in a given elastic range. Therefore, the secure connection between the spinal segments is not achieved.
- Also, when the pedicle screws are out of the straight line, the rod structure has a problem in that it is difficult to connect the rod to the pedicle screw.
-
FIG. 4 shows a perspective view of the conventionaltransverse link 400 for preventing the pedicle from a minute movement. - The
transverse link 400 comprises a fixedtype housing 410 and amovable type housing 420 which are respectively hooked on both ends of therod 250; aspace bar 430 supported on therod 250; and aset screw 440 connected with the fixedtype housing 410 and themovable type housing 420 so that thespace bar 430 is fixed to therod 250. - The fixed
type housing 410 and themovable type housing 420 respectively includehalf circle hooks rod 250;support holes rod 250;screw holes screws 440 are inserted. - The
hook 410 a of the fixedtype housing 410 is hooked on therod 250 and then one end of thespace bar 430 is inserted into thesupport hole 410 b. Thehook 420 a of themovable type housing 420 is hooked on therod 250 and then another end of thespace bar 430 is inserted into thesupport hole 420 b. Theset screws 440 are joined to thescrew holes rod 250 under thespace bar 430. - In the structure of the
transverse link 400, the inner diameter of thehook 410 a is almost equal to that of therod 250. Therefore, if one of therods 250 is tilted or they are not in parallel, thetransverse link 400 cannot comply with such a declination or unbalance of therods 250. In case of the declination or unbalance of therods 250, thesupport holes type housing 410 andmovable type housing 420 are also unbalanced and thus thespace bar 430 cannot be inserted into thesupport holes space bar 430 for fixation on thesupport holes movable type housing 420 may be wrenched and distorted so that therod 250 may be separated from thehook 420 a of themovable type housing 420. In this case, even if theset screw 440 is joined to thescrew hole 430, it is impossible to securely support thespace bar 430 upon therod 250. This problem in thetransverse link 400 requires to take a long time for an operation on the surgery. In case where it is difficult to assemble thetransverse link 400, it may be omitted; however, this will cause a defect of the surgery. - To solve the problems, a primary object of the present invention is to provide a spinal fixation apparatus which can easily and simply achieve a connection between a pedicle screw and a rod, even if it is slightly out of alignment of the pedicle screws during surgery, by deforming the shape and length of each of the rods and the transverse link which are made from a shape memory alloy of which the shape is changed at a specific temperature.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a spinal fixation apparatus which has a strength enough to correct the spine during the restoration from an elastic force so that the spinal fixation apparatus gives flexible behavior to corrected vertebral segments.
- Further, another object of the present invention is to provide a staple type rod which is made from a shape memory alloy. The staple type rod of the present invention can easily and simply perform an operation of the vertebra correction and reduce the number of parts, being implanted directly into selected vertebra without a pedicle screw.
- In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, there are provided a spinal fixation apparatus comprising: a plurality of pedicle screws, each of which has a head formed at a top portion thereof and a thread formed below the head to be implanted into a pedicle of a vertebra, wherein the head has a reception cavity and at least one rod groove on a bottom surface of the reception cavity; a pair of rods connected to the pedicle screws for preventing a movement of the vertebra, wherein the rods has an elasticity section therein and are mounted on the rod groove in the reception cavity; at least one transverse link which has an elasticity section in a straight member and hooks extended from both ends of the straight member for rigidly holding the pair of rods; and a plurality of set screws, each of which is rigidly inserted into the reception cavity of the head, preventing a movement of the rod, wherein the rods and the transverse link are made from a shape memory alloy which can be deformed at a predetermined temperature.
- In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, there are provided a spinal fixation apparatus comprising: a plurality of pedicle screws, each of which has a head formed at a top portion thereof and a thread formed below the head to be implanted into a pedicle of a vertebra, wherein the head has a first rod groove formed in a bottom surface of the head; a plurality of head caps for covering the head of the pedicle screw, wherein the head cap has a second rod groove formed on an inner surface thereof; a pair of rods surrounded by the first rod groove of the head and the second rod groove of the head cap, preventing a movement of the vertebra, wherein the rods has an elasticity section therein; at least one transverse link which has an elasticity section in a straight member and hooks extended from both ends of the straight member for rigidly holding the pair of rods; and a plurality of fixing means, each of which tightens the head cap to the head of the pedicle screw, being inserted into the reception cavity of the head of the pedicle screws for preventing a movement of the rod, wherein the rods and the transverse link are made from a shape memory alloy which can be deformed at a predetermined temperature
- In accordance with further another aspect of the present invention, there are provided a spinal fixation apparatus comprising: a plurality of pedicle screws, each of which has a head formed at a top portion thereof and a thread formed below the head to be implanted into a pedicle of a vertebra, wherein the head has a reception cavity and two parallel rod grooves in a bottom surface of the reception cavity; a pair of rods connected to the pedicle screws for preventing a movement of the vertebra, wherein the rod is made of shape memory alloy which can be transformed in designated temperature and wherein the rods includes: 1) a straight bar placed in line with a center of the heads; 2) an elastic section formed in the straight bar; and 3) support bars having bending portions extended from both ends of the straight bar and bent along an outer surface of the head and line portions extended from both ends of the bending portions and put in the rod grooves, and a plurality of set members, each of which is inserted into the reception cavity of the head of the pedicle screws for preventing a movement of the rods.
- In accordance with still another aspect of the present invention, there are provided a spinal fixation apparatus comprising: a plurality of pedicle screws, each of which has a head formed at a top portion thereof, and a thread formed below the head to be implanted into a pedicle of a vertebra, wherein the head has at least one circular groove on an outer surface thereof; and a pair of rods connected to the pedicle screws for preventing a movement of the vertebra, wherein each of the rods has a straight bar placed in line with a center line of the heads, an elastic section formed in the straight bar, support rings wound on the circular grooves of the heads, wherein the rods are made from a shape memory alloy which can be deformed at a predetermined temperature.
- In accordance with still another aspect of the present invention, there are provided a spinal fixation apparatus comprising: a plurality of pedicle screws, each of which has a head formed at a top portion thereof, and a thread formed below the head to be implanted into a pedicle of a vertebra, wherein the head has a horizontal opening passing through a head body and a perpendicular thread hole to receive a fixing means; a pair of rods connected to the pedicle screws for preventing a movement of the vertebra, wherein the rods has a straight bar, and hooks extended from both ends of the straight bar and bent to be inserted into the horizontal opening, wherein the rods are made from a shape memory alloy which can be deformed at a predetermined temperature; and a plurality of fixing means for preventing a movement of the rod through the perpendicular thread hole of the head.
- In accordance with still another aspect of the present invention, there are provided a spinal fixation apparatus comprising: a plurality of pedicle screws, each of which has a head formed at a top portion thereof and a thread formed below the head to be implanted into a pedicle of a vertebra, wherein the head has a reception cavity and two parallel rod grooves in a bottom surface of the reception cavity; a pair of rods connected to the pedicle screws for preventing a movement of the vertebra, wherein each of the rods has a “U” shape and wherein the rods are made from a shape memory alloy which can be deformed at a predetermined temperature; and a plurality of set members, each of which is inserted into the reception cavity of the head of the pedicle screws for preventing a movement of the rod.
- In accordance with still another aspect of the present invention, there are provided a spinal fixation apparatus comprising: at least one pedicle screw which has a head at a top portion thereof and a thread formed below the head to be implanted into a pedicle of a vertebra, wherein the head has a reception cavity and two parallel sockets formed in a bottom of the reception cavity; a pair of staple rods connected to the pedicle screws for preventing a movement of the vertebra, wherein one side of each of the rods is directly implanted into a pedicle of the vertebra and the other side is inserted into one of the sockets; and at least one set member which is inserted into the reception cavity of the head of the pedicle screws for preventing a movement of the rod.
- In accordance with still another aspect of the present invention, there are provided a spinal fixation apparatus comprising: at least one staple rods each of which has a bridge member for providing a space between a selected vertebra and an adjacent vertebra, an elastic section formed in the bridge member and a spike member to be implanted into the pedicle of a vertebra, wherein the spike member is downwardly extended from both ends of the bridge member, wherein the rod is made of shape memory alloy which can be deformed at a predetermined temperature.
- In accordance with still another aspect of the present invention, there are provided a spinal fixation apparatus comprising: a plurality of pedicle screws having a head part; and a pair of rods for connecting the pedicle screws, wherein the rods are in a first structure at a first temperature range and are in a second structure at a second temperature range, wherein the second structure is a memorized shape of a shape memory alloy, and wherein the rods provide a handling margin in the first structure so that the rods of the memorized shape are more tight than those of the first structure, wherein the head part has a fixating means for securely fixing the rod and end parts of the rod are joined to the fixating means.
- In accordance with still another aspect of the present invention, a spinal fixation apparatus comprising: first and second pedicle screw arrays perpendicularly arranged, substantially being in parallel to each other, wherein each of the first and second pedicle screw arrays includes: a) a plurality of pedicle screws joined to vertebras of human spine, each pedicle screw includes: 1) a head having a plurality of reception means; and 2) a male thread formed on a leg part to be implanted into the vertebras; and b) first and second rod arrays respectively connected the first and second pedicle screw arrays, wherein each of the first and second rod arrays includes a plurality of segment rods and wherein an end of each the segment rod is safely secured to one of the plurality of reception means, wherein the segment rods are a shape memory alloy.
- Other objects and benefits of the present invention will become apparent upon consideration of the following written description taken in conjunction with the following figures:
-
FIG. 1 is a perspective view illustrating a conventional spine fixation apparatus; -
FIG. 2 is a perspective view illustrating a conventional spine fixation apparatus applied to the lumbar spine; -
FIG. 3 is a plan view illustrating various forms of conventional rods; -
FIG. 4 is a perspective view illustrating a conventional transverse link applied to the rods; -
FIG. 5 is a perspective view illustrating a spine fixation apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 6 is a perspective view illustrating an assembly of the spine fixation apparatus shown inFIG. 5 ; -
FIG. 7 is a cross-section view taken along A-A line shown inFIG. 6 ; -
FIG. 8 is a plan view illustrating another form of the rod in the first embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 9 is a sectional view illustrating a pedicle screw in the first embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 10 is a plan view illustrating a serial connection of the rods and the pedicle screws shown inFIG. 9 ; -
FIG. 11 is a perspective view illustrating a transverse link applied to the rods according to a first embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 12 is a front view illustrating a connection between the transverse link and rods; -
FIG. 13 a is a perspective view illustrating another form of the rod; -
FIG. 13 b is a plan view illustrating another form of the rod; -
FIG. 14 is a perspective view illustrating a connection between the transverse links to a head of the pedicle screw; -
FIG. 15 is a front view illustrating a spine fixation apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 16 is a perspective view illustrating a spine fixation apparatus according to a third embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 17 is a plan view illustrating a serial connection the rods to a head of a pedicle screw shown inFIG. 16 ; -
FIG. 18 is a perspective view illustrating a spine fixation apparatus according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 19 is a perspective view illustrating a serial connection the rods to a head of a pedicle screw shown inFIG. 18 ; -
FIG. 20 is a plan view illustrating an assembly of spine fixation apparatus shown inFIG. 18 ; -
FIG. 21 is a perspective view illustrating a spine fixation apparatus according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention; -
FIGS. 22 a and 22 b are perspective views illustrating a spine fixation apparatus according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 23 is a perspective view illustrating a spine fixation apparatus according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 24 is a perspective view illustrating a staple rod in the seventh embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 25 is plan view illustrating a pedicle screw in the seventh embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 26 is a perspective view illustrating a serial connection of the stapling rods to a head of the pedicle screw shown inFIG. 23 ; -
FIG. 27 is a perspective view illustrating a spine fixation apparatus according to an eight embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 28 is a perspective view illustrating another form of the staple rod. - Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail referring to the accompanying drawings. A spinal fixation apparatus according to the present invention can easily correct injured spines by using rods and transverse links which are made from a shape memory alloy. In particular, the rods and transverse links are made out of Nitinol alloy (Ni—Ti alloy) which has a superelastic characteristic.
- A first embodiment will be described in detail referring to
FIGS. 5 to 14 . - According to the first embodiment of present invention, the spinal fixation apparatus includes a plurality of
pedicle screws 1 implanted into the patient's vertebra; a pair ofrods 2 located in both laterals of the spine and connected to the pedicle screws for preventing a movement of the vertebra; and a number oftransverse links 3 for providing space between the rods. - Referring now to
FIGS. 5 to 7 , thepedicle screw 1 comprises ahead 11 formed at a top portion thereof and athread 13 formed below the head to be implanted into the vertebra. Thehead 1 has areception cavity 11 a to receive therod 2 and at least onerod groove 12 at the bottom of thereception cavity 11 a. A diameter of therod groove 12 corresponds to that of therod 2. - The
rod 2 has arod body 15 which is bent and then has a hook shape at both ends thereof and therod 2 has anelasticity section 16 formed in the middle of therod body 15 to generate an elastic force corresponding to a shock which is inflicted on the patient's vertebra. - The
elasticity section 16 is made of a coil spring. The coil spring is equal to therod body 15 in their diameters. Another form of theelasticity section 16 is shown in a wave shape as shown inFIG. 8 . The diameter of the rod is approximately in a range of 2 to 7 mm and it can be adjusted on a basis of unit diameter of 0.5 mm. - The
elasticity section 16 serves as a buffer between spinal segments when thepedicle screw 1 is fused together with the spine. That is, when patients bends or wrenches his waist or an shock is inflicted on his waist, theelasticity section 16 can alleviate stimuli which are caused by patients' activities or the external shock. - A
set screw 17 is inserted into thereception cavity 11 a of thehead 11 of the pedicle screws 1 for preventing a movement of therod 2. Theset screw 17 has anouter thread 17 a for securely tightening therod 2 and arecess 17 b having a hexagonal cross-section view on the upper portion thereof so that theset screw 17 is inserted into thereception cavity 11 a of thehead 11. The length of theset screw 17 should be short enough not to protrude from the upper surface of thereception cavity 11 a of thehead 11. - The
reception cavity 11 a of thehead 11 also has aninner thread 11 b to be joined to theouter thread 17 a of theset screw 17. - The
head 11 of thepedicle screw 1 has arod fixing recess 14 for tightening an end of therod 2. Therod 2 is inserted into thereception cavity 11 a and is put into therod groove 12 as the end of the rod is tightly inserted into therod fixing recess 14. - The
rod fixing recess 14 and therod 2 have the same diameter or the diameter of therod fixing recess 14 is slightly larger than that of therod 2. - A
head cap 18 can be adopted on the upper portion of thehead 11 to eliminate the change from a misaligned fixation of theset screw 17. Since thehead cap 18 provides an additional support to improve the rod holding power, this can be used as an additional rod such as a fastening element. Thehead cap 18 is additionally set as needed, not essential. - The
head 11 of thepedicle screw 1 is able to have tworod grooves rod fixing recess FIG. 9 . According to this structure, it is able to serially set therods 2 without using an additional connector by inserting therods rod grooves FIG. 10 . - The first embodiment of the present invention is restricted within the above structure. For example, the rod can be formed in a straight bar shape or a right angle bar shape which is perpendicular to both ends of the rod body. In such a modified rod, the structure of the
pedicle screw 1 is formed with a single rod groove without therod fixing recess 14. Besides, it may be employed in different structures of the pedicle screw corresponding to the modified rod. Furthermore, the modifiedrod 2 is securely fixed by theset screw 17 within thereception cavity 11 a of thehead 11. - A
transverse link 3 will be described in detail referring toFIGS. 11 and 12 . - The
transverse link 3 includes onestraight member 31 and twohooks 32 which are respectively extended and bent from both ends of thestraight member 31. Thetransverse link 3 is formed in a rectangular plate. The length of thetransverse link 3 is approximately in a range of 20 to 80 mm and it can be adjusted on a basis of unit length of 2 mm. As shown inFIG. 12 , thetransverse link 3 keeps a space between therods rods hooks 32. Here, thetransverse link 3 of a plate shape has strength to maintain the space between therods rods rods -
FIG. 13 a andFIG. 13 b are views illustrating transverse links which are different from that ofFIG. 11 . That is, anelasticity section 33 is formed in the middle of astraight member 31. Theelasticity section 33 has a coil spring as shown inFIG. 13 a or a wave shape as shown inFIG. 13 b. Theelasticity section 33 of thetransverse link 3 absorbs a load which is applied to therod 2. -
FIG. 14 illustrates an S-shapedtransverse link 3 which is different from that ofFIG. 11 . - The S-shaped
transverse link 3 includes one bendingmember 36 and twohooks 32 which are horizontally extended and bent from both ends of the bendingmember 36 for holding thehead 11 of thepedicle screw 1. Aslit 25 is provided on the circumference of thehead 11 of thepedicle screw 1 in order to insert thehooks 32 of the S-shapedtransverse link 3 into thehead 11. - The above-mentioned
rods transverse links 3 in the first embodiment of present invention are made from a shape memory alloy causing deformation at a specific temperature. - The
rods transverse links 3 have a temperature characteristic that they are in a martensite phase at a temperature of +10.degree. C. and below and in an austenite phase at a temperature of more than +35.degree. C. to return back to a memorized original shape. In particular, the deformed shape is kept unchanged up to +26.degree. C. and the memorized shape is gradually restored by a heat treatment up to +35.degree. C. - The
rods transverse link 3 are obtained by performing a heat treatment at a temperature of 650.degree. C. to 750.degree. C. for one hour or so, after forming the hooks and elastic section at both ends and the middle section of the shape memory material, respectively. Thus, therods transverse link 3 have a deforming characteristic at a specific temperature. - Hereinafter, the installation procedures of according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail.
- The pedicle screws 1 are implanted into a selected pedicle of the vertebras in a predetermined angle and depth. At this time, that is not considered configuration of screws that are not well aligned in general. It lengthens the
elastic section 16 of therod 2 by deforming therod 2 at a temperature of +10.degree. C. and below so that therod 2 is easily set into thereception cavity 11 a of thehead 11 of thepedicle screw 1, before therod 2 is inserted into thereception cavity 11 a ofhead 11 for coupling therod 2 to the plurality of thescrews 1. Then, the end of therod 2 of the hook shape is inserted into therod fixing recess 14, while a deformed straight member (the rod body 15) of therod 2 is inserted to therod groove 12 which is formed in the bottom of thereception cavity 11 a ofhead 11. Theouter thread 17 a of theset screw 17 is downwardly joined to thereception cavity 11 a of thehead 11 so that theset screw 17 is tightly fixed to theinner thread 11 b of thereception cavity 11 a using a wrench tool. Therod 2 is pressed by theset screw 17 and therod 2 is securely and rigidly fixed to thepedicle screw 1. - After the installation of the
rods 2, a heat treatment is applied to therod 2 at a temperature of more than +35.degree. C. using a surgical heating source. And thus, the lengthenedelastic section 16 of therod 2 is shrunk and returns back to the memorized original shape in the transforming austenite phase. At this time, the end of the hook-shaped rod is rigidly fix to therod fixing recess 14 of thehead 11 while therode 2 is returning back to the memorized original shape. Thus, both ends of therod 2 are fixed to therod fixing recess 14 of thehead 11 without any separation. - According to the above mentioned description, although the pedicle screws are not well aligned with others, the rode can be easily and simply connected to the
pedicle screw 1 because therod 2 can be freely bent toward thepedicle screw 1. In additional, therod 2 provides a movement of between the spinal segments through the superelastic action of theelastic section 16 when the patients bend or wrench his back, after the spine fusion. - In the installing procedures of the
rods 2, when therods rod grooves 12, thepedicle screw 1 having the tworod grooves rods rod grooves reception cavity 11 a, as shown inFIG. 10 . Therefore, in case that thepedicle screw 1 having tworod grooves - Next, an installation procedure of the
transverse link 3 will be described in detail. - After coupling the
rods transverse link 3 is hung on a pair of therods 2 to provide a space between the tworods 2. The installing work of thetransverse link 3 is taken in the same manner as it done in the above-mentioned rod installation procedure. That is, it lengthens abody 31 or widens a space of thehooks 32 thereof, by deforming thetransverse link 3 at a temperature of +10.degree. C. and below. Thedeformed hook 32 of thetransverse link 3 is inserted into the outer surface of therod 2. In case of the S-shaped transverse link, it is inserted into aslit 25 of thehead 11. After the installation of thetransverse link 3, it returns back to the memorized original shape, being transformed to the austenite phase through the heat treatment at a temperature of more than +35.degree. C. so that thetransverse link 3 is rigidly fixed on the rod and, in case of the S-shapedtransverse link 3, it is fixed on theslit 25 of thepedicle screw 1. - Thus, in case of the above-mentioned structure of the
transverse link 3, it easily holds therod 2 even if a space between therods - A second embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail referring to
FIG. 15 and the same reference numerals denote the same elements as illustrated in the first embodiment of the present invention. - In the second embodiment, the
head 11 of thepedicle screw 1 is formed with a pair offirst rod grooves rod 2 on an upper portion thereof. Also, a pair ofrod inserting recesses rod grooves rod inserting recesses rod grooves female thread 23 is formed on an inner surface of thehead 11 at a predetermined depth. - A
head cap 20 is provided on the upper portion of thehead 11 and thehead cap 20 has a pair ofsecond rod grooves first rod grooves screw 25 is joined to thefemale thread 23 passing through thehead cap 20 so that thehead 11 is strongly fixed to thehead cap 20. - A diameter of the
first rod grooves second rod grooves rods rod inserting grooves rod 2. - If only one of the
first rod grooves first rod grooves first rod grooves rods first rod grooves - A third to eight embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail referring to
FIGS. 16 to 28 . - A rod, a staple rod and a middle connection rod in the these embodiments are made from a shape memory alloy which is in a martensite phase at a temperature of +10.degree. C. and below and in an austenite phase at a temperature of more than +35.degree. C. to return back to the memorized original shape. The shape memory alloy of these embodiments undergoes a preliminary deformation at a temperature of +10.degree. C. and below. A deformed shape is kept unchanged up to temperature +26.degree. C. A shape restoration is occurs under the heating up to +35.degree. C.
- A third embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail referring to
FIGS. 16 and 17 . - A plurality of pedicle screws 40 according to this embodiment comprises; a head formed at a top portion thereof, wherein the head has a
reception cavity 41 a and twoparallel rod grooves reception cavity 41 a; and athread 43 formed below the head to be implanted into a pedicle of the vertebra. - Two
parallel rod grooves reception cavity 41 a contributes to a connection of therods 50 and the pedicle screws 40 without an additional connector. Here, therod grooves rod 50. - A
set screw 44 is inserted into thereception cavity 41 a of thehead 41 of the pedicle screws 40 for preventing a movement of therod 50. In order to securely tighten therod 50, theset screw 44 has anouter thread 44 a and arecess 44 b which has a hexagonal cross-section view in thereception cavity 41 a of thehead 41. The length of theset screw 44 should be short enough not to protrude from the upper surface of thereception cavity 41 a of thehead 41. Thereception cavity 41 a of thehead 41 has aninner thread 41 b to be joined to theouter thread 44 a of theset screw 44. - A
head cap 45 can be adopted on the upper portion of thehead 41 to eliminate the change from a misaligned fixation of theset screw 44. Thehead cap 45 serves as an additional supporter to improve the rod holding power using an additional rod-fastening element. - A pair of
rods 50 according to this embodiment comprises; astraight bar 51 placed at the center line of the heads; anelastic section 52 formed in the middle of thestraight bar 51 to generate an elastic force for absorbing a shock which is inflicted on the patient's vertebra; and asupport bar 53 extended from both ends of thestraight bar 51 to be put in one of therod grooves - The diameter of the rod is approximately in a range of 2 to 7 mm and it can be adjusted on a basis of unit diameter of 0.5 mm.
- The
elasticity section 52 is similar to a coil spring. The coil spring is equal to thestraight bar 51 in their diameters. Theelasticity section 52 can has a wave shape as another form. - The
support bar 53 have aline portion 53 a, which can be put on one of therod grooves 42 a and 42′, and a bendingportion 53 b which is extend from both ends of thestraight bar 51 and curved along the outer surface of thehead 41. - The
straight bar 51 of therod 50 is positioned on the central axis of thehead 41 by the shape of thesupport bar 53. - One of the two support bars 53 is opposite to the other in the
same head 41; however, the twosupport bars 53 can be in a reverse phase to each other, even if it is not shown in the drawings. That is, therod 50 can be serially and alternately connected to thepedicle screw 40 with thesupport bar 53 of which the bendingportions 53 b are reversibly positioned and are curved along the outer surface of theheads 41. - Referring to
FIG. 17 , the support bars 53 at both sides of therod 50 are respectively put into therod grooves set screws 44 are coupled to the inner threaded 41 b of thereception cavity 41 a of thehead 41, being rigidly fixed to therod 50. - A forth embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail referring to
FIGS. 18 to 20 . - Referring now to
FIG. 18 , it comprises only a plurality of pedicle screws 60 and arod 70. - The pedicle screws 60 includes a
head 61 formed at the top portion thereof and athread 62 formed below thehead 61. Thehead 61 has first and secondcircular grooves - The
rod 70 includes twostraight bars head 61 of thepedicle screw 60, anelastic section 72 formed in a type of wave between the twostraight bars straight bars circular grooves - The support rings 73 and 73′ of the
rod 70 are in reverse phase to each other; however, they may be opposite to each other in thesame head 61, even if it is not shown in the drawings. - Referring now to
FIGS. 19 and 20 , therods 70 are serially and alternately connected to the plurality ofcircular grooves heads 61 of the pedicle screws 60, using the above support rings 73 and 73′. - A fifth embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail referring to
FIG. 21 . - Referring now to
FIG. 21 , the fifth embodiment comprises a plurality of pedicle screws 80 have ahead 81, which is formed at the top portion thereof and has a cylindrical type block, and athread 82 formed below thehead 81. Thehead 81 has anopening 81 a horizontally passing through the cylindrical type block to receive both ends of arod 90 and athread hole 81 b which is upwardly formed and is perpendicular to theopening 81 a. Thethread hole 81 b of thehead 81 is joined to abolt 83 in order to tight therod 90. - The
rod 90 has astraight bar 91 and hooks 92 and 92′ which are roundly extended from both ends of thestraight bar 91 to be inserted to theopening 81 a. Thestraight bar 91 can be provided with an elastic section in the middle of therod 90. - Hereinafter, the installation procedure of the
rod 90 will be described in detail. - In this embodiment, when the
rod 90 is coupled to thepedicle screw 80, the roundlycurved hooks 92 of therod 90 is deformed to a straight bar shape at a temperature +10.degree. C. and below. On the other hand, the straight bar shaped hooks 92 of therod 90 is inserted to theopening 81 a. Thereafter, a heat treatment is applied to therod 90 at a temperature of more than +35.degree. C. thedeformed hooks 92 of therod 90 are returned back to the memorized original shape and is rigidly fixed to thehead 81. After therod 90 is inserted into thepedicle screw 80, thebolt 83 is joined to thethread hole 81 b of thehead 81 for tightening therod 90 to thepedicle screw 80. - A sixth embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail referring to
FIG. 22 . - This sixth embodiment makes the connecting work simple, by simply coupling the rod to the pedicle screw after a plurality of the pedicle screws are installed in the pedicles of the vertebras
- Referring now to
FIG. 22 a, the detailed description of the pedicle screw will be omitted because the structure of thepedicle screw 40 is the same as that in the above-mentioned third embodiment. The same reference numerals denote the same elements as illustrated in the third embodiment. - A
rod 100 of this sixth embodiment is formed in “U” shape. TheU-shaped rod 100 is put into therod grooves head 41, after the pedicle screws 40 is inserted into pedicle of the vertebras. The connecting work of therod 100 is achieved by tightening theset screw 44 to thereception cavity 41 a of thehead 41 in order to fix therod 100 to thepedicle screw 40. If the pedicle screws 40 are not well aligned, theU-shaped rod 100 may be deformed to comply with themisaligned pedicle screw 40. Accordingly, thedeformed rod 100 is easily positioned in therod grooves reception cavity 41 a of thehead 41. Thedeformed rod 100 is returned back to the original shape according to a memorized shape of therod 100, thereby correcting a position of themisaligned pedicle screw 40. - The
U-shaped rods 100 can be replaced with a straightbar type rods FIG. 22 b. Anelastic section 102 is provided in the middle of thestraight rods straight rods rod grooves reception cavity 41 a. Therefore, in case that thestraight rods elastic section 102 are used, it is not necessary to have an additional connector for such a serial connection. - A seventh embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail referring to
FIGS. 23 to 26 . - Referring now to
FIGS. 23 to 25 , the seventh embodiment comprises at least onepedicle screw 110, a pair of staplingrods 120, and amiddle connecting rod 140. - Referring now to
FIGS. 25 , thepedicle screw 110 has ahead 111 at the top portion thereof and athread 113 formed below thehead 111 to be implanted into the pedicle of the vertebra, wherein thehead 111 has areception cavity 111 a and first andsecond sockets reception cavity 111 a. - The
rod 120 is formed in a staple structure for preventing a movement of the vertebra. - One side of the
staple rod 120 is directly implanted into the pedicle of the vertebra and other side thereof is inserted into one of thesockets - The
middle connecting rod 140 is employed for serially connecting thestaple rod 120 to thepedicle screw 110 by inserting both ends thereof to thesockets head 111, respectively. - Referring to
FIG. 24 , thestaple rod 120 has afirst bridge 121 for providing a space between selected vertebra and adjacent vertebra, anelastic section 126 formed in the middle of thefirst bridge 121, aspike 122 downwardly extended from one end of thefirst bridge 121 to be implanted directly into the pedicle of the vertebra, and a first connectingpole 123 downwardly extended from the other end of thefirst bridge 121 to be fixed to the pedicle screws 110. The length of the first connectingpole 123 is shorter than the depth of thereception cavity 111 a of the head ill so that the first connectingpole 123 is inserted into thesocket 112 of thepedicle screw 110. Thespike 122 has a plurality of scarredregions 125 for preventing thespike 122 from being detached from the pedicle of the vertebra. The scarredregions 125 may be formed by an electro discharge machine. The diameter of thestaple rod 120 is approximately in a range of 2 to 7 mm and it can be adjusted on a basis of unit diameter of 0.5 mm. - Once a spinal fusion has been finished, the
staple rod 120 is not separated from the vertebra because the scarredregions 125 are buried in the vertebra. - According to the embodiment of the present invention, it is able to make a connection among three adjacent vertebras, using two
staple rods 120 and onepedicle screw 110. - The
middle connecting rod 140 has asecond bridge 141 for providing a space between the pedicle screws 110, anelastic section 146 formed in the middle of thesecond bridge 141, and second connectingpoles 142 downwardly extended from both ends of thesecond bridge 141, wherein the length of the second connectingpoles 142 is shorter than the depth of thereception cavity 111 a of thehead 111. The reason why is that a volume should be prepared for the insertion of a fixing member such as a set screw. - The first connecting
pole 123 of thestaple rod 120 and the second connectingpoles 142 are substantially equal to each other. In the serial connection, one of the second connectingpoles 142 extended at both ends of themiddle connecting rod 140 is inserted into thesocket 112 ofhead 111 of thepedicle screw 110 and the other is inserted into thesocket 112′ ofhead 111′ of theadjacent pedicle screw 110′. - The
elastic sections elastic sections second bridge - In this embodiment, at least one
set screw 130 is joined to thereception cavity 111 a of thehead 111 of the pedicle screws 110 for preventing a movement of thestaple rod 120. - Likewise, in this embodiment, at least one
head cap 131 is adopted to the upper surface of thehead 111. Thehead cap 131 is provided to improve holding power of thestaple rod 120 without an additional rod such as a fastening element. - Hereinafter, an installation procedure of the
staple rod 120 among the first to fourth vertebras will described in detail. - Referring to
FIGS. 23 and 26 , the first and second pedicle screws 110 and 110′ are implanted into second and third middle vertebras, respectively. The first connectingpole 123 of thefirst staple rod 120 is inserted into one of thesockets first pedicle screw 110 and another connecting bar (123′) of thesecond staple rod 120′ is inserted into thesocket 112″ of thesecond pedicle screw 110′. - The
spikes staple rods poles 142 at both sides of themiddle connecting rod 140 are inserted into thesockets 112′ an 122″ of the first and second pedicle screws 110 and 110, respectively. - After the installation of the
staple rods middle connecting rod 140, theouter thread 130 a of theset screw 130 is joined to the reception cavity 110 a of thehead 110 and theset screw 130 is then joined to the inner thread 110 b of the reception cavity 110 a by a wrench tool. Accordingly, thestaple rod 120 and themiddle connecting rod 140 are simultaneously pressed by theset screw 130 so that thestaple rod 120 and themiddle connecting rod 140 are securely and rigidly fixed in thepedicle screw 110. Although the pedicle screws 110 and 110′ are not well aligned, thestaple rods 120 are easily and simply connected to thepedicle screw 110. This can be further achieved by the deformation of thestaple rods 120 and themiddle connecting rod 140. - Before the first connecting
poles staple rods sockets head 111, thestaple rod 120 will be deformed at a phase transformation point (+10.degree. C. and below) on condition that one end of thefirst staple rod 120 is optimally connected to thesocket 112 of thehead 111. Further, thespikes staple rods poles deformed staple rods sockets head 111. Finally, the rod connection is completed among the pedicle screws 110 and 110′, thestaple rods middle connecting rod 140. - Next, a heat treatment is applied to the
staple rods 120 and themiddle connecting rod 140 at a restoration point (+35.degree. C. and over), using a surgical tool to have a heating source. The lengthenedelastic sections - At this time, the first and second connecting
poles staple rod 120 and themiddle connecting rod 140 is rigidly fixed to thesockets head 110, during the restoration to the memorized original shape. - According to this embodiment, a movement between spinal segments is given by the superelastic action of the
elastic section staple rod 120 and themiddle connecting rod 140, when the patients bend or wrench his back after the spine fusion. - According to the above-mentioned structure of the seventh embodiment, the first and second
staple rods single staple rod 120 without an additional pedicle screw. In case of correction of three vertebras, it is necessary to have only one pedicle screw. - An eighth embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail referring to
FIGS. 27 and 28 . - In this embodiment, the
staple rod 150 is directly implanted into the pedicle of the vertebra without any pedicle screw. - Referring now to
FIGS. 27 and 28 , at least onestaple rod 150 is located at both laterals of the spine - The
staple rod 150 has abridge 152 for providing a space between a selected vertebra and an adjacent vertebra, aspike 153 downwardly extended from both ends of thebridge 152 for implantation into the pedicle of the vertebra, and anelastic section 154 formed in thebridge 152. - The
elastic section 154 can be made of a coil spring (seeFIG. 27 ) or a wave shape element or a S-shaped element (seeFIG. 28 ). Also, Thespike 153 has a plurality of scarredregions 155 which prevents thespike 153 from being detached from the pedicle of the vertebra. - The scarred
regions 125 may be formed by an electro discharge machine. - Although the preferred embodiments of the invention have been disclosed for illustrative purposes, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications, additions and substitutions are possible, without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention as disclosed in the accompanying claims.
- According to the first to eighth embodiment of the present invention, the rods and transverse links are made of a shape memorized Nitinol alloy (Ni—Ti alloy) which has a superelastic characteristic. Thus, although the pedicle screws are out of alignment during the surgery, the present invention can easily and simply make a structural connection between the rods and the pedicle screws without excessive force on the spine and/or implants.
- In addition, in the present invention, the rods and transverse links have an elastic section in an optional range thereof. The elasticity section of the rod allows a delicate movement after the spinal segments fusion. Thus, it disperses a load, which is put on the spinal segments which have been fused, through the rods and the transverse links having super-elasticity. As a result, a burden on lumbar vertebra is reduced. Also, in case of using the spinal fixation apparatus of the present invention, it has another effect on the decrease of a complication that can be caused between an upper segment and a lower segment.
Claims (4)
1. A spinal fixation apparatus comprising:
first and second pedicle screw arrays perpendicularly arranged, substantially being in parallel to each other, wherein each of the first and second pedicle screw arrays includes: a plurality of pedicle screws joined to vertebras of human spine, each pedicle screw includes:
1) a head having a plurality of reception means; and
2) a male thread formed on a leg part to be implanted into the vertebras;
and first and second rod arrays respectively connected the first and second pedicle screw arrays, wherein each of the first and second rod arrays includes a plurality of segment rods and wherein an end of each the segment rod is safely secured to one of the plurality of reception means, wherein the segment rods are a shape memory alloy.
2. The spinal fixation apparatus in according with claim 1 , further comprising at least one transverse link connecting the segment rods.
3. The spinal fixation apparatus in according with claim 1 , wherein the segment rod has an elastic section to provide flexibility.
4. The spinal fixation apparatus in according with claim 2 , wherein the segment rods are in a martensite phase at a temperature of approximately +10° C. and below and are in an austenite phase at a temperature of approximately +35° C. and over.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US12/798,696 US20100228289A1 (en) | 2004-09-22 | 2010-04-09 | Bio-flexible spinal fixation apparatus with shape memory alloy |
Applications Claiming Priority (12)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR1020040076105A KR100645377B1 (en) | 2004-09-22 | 2004-09-22 | Vertebral fixation apparatus having length variable type rod and pedicle screws |
KR1020040076105 | 2004-09-22 | ||
KR1020040076106 | 2004-09-22 | ||
KR1020040076106A KR100647529B1 (en) | 2004-09-22 | 2004-09-22 | A variable type distance link for Vertebral fixation apparatus |
KR1020040097834 | 2004-11-26 | ||
KR1020040097834A KR100645398B1 (en) | 2004-11-26 | 2004-11-26 | A stapling apparatus for correcting the spine |
KR1020040097833A KR100645396B1 (en) | 2004-11-26 | 2004-11-26 | Spinal fixation apparatus having length variable type rods and pedicle screws |
KR1020040097833 | 2004-11-26 | ||
KRPCT/KR2004/003301 | 2004-12-15 | ||
PCT/KR2004/003301 WO2006033503A1 (en) | 2004-09-22 | 2004-12-15 | Bio-flexible spinal fixation apparatus with shape memory alloy |
US11/044,268 US7727259B2 (en) | 2004-09-22 | 2005-01-28 | Bio-flexible spinal fixation apparatus with shape memory alloy |
US12/798,696 US20100228289A1 (en) | 2004-09-22 | 2010-04-09 | Bio-flexible spinal fixation apparatus with shape memory alloy |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US11/044,268 Division US7727259B2 (en) | 2004-09-22 | 2005-01-28 | Bio-flexible spinal fixation apparatus with shape memory alloy |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US20100228289A1 true US20100228289A1 (en) | 2010-09-09 |
Family
ID=36075050
Family Applications (3)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US11/044,268 Active 2029-01-09 US7727259B2 (en) | 2004-09-22 | 2005-01-28 | Bio-flexible spinal fixation apparatus with shape memory alloy |
US11/726,223 Abandoned US20070288008A1 (en) | 2004-09-22 | 2007-03-21 | Semi-rigid spinal fixation apparatus |
US12/798,696 Abandoned US20100228289A1 (en) | 2004-09-22 | 2010-04-09 | Bio-flexible spinal fixation apparatus with shape memory alloy |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US11/044,268 Active 2029-01-09 US7727259B2 (en) | 2004-09-22 | 2005-01-28 | Bio-flexible spinal fixation apparatus with shape memory alloy |
US11/726,223 Abandoned US20070288008A1 (en) | 2004-09-22 | 2007-03-21 | Semi-rigid spinal fixation apparatus |
Country Status (5)
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US (3) | US7727259B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1791481A4 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4499789B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BRPI0419057A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2006033503A1 (en) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP4499789B2 (en) | 2010-07-07 |
EP1791481A1 (en) | 2007-06-06 |
US20060064090A1 (en) | 2006-03-23 |
US7727259B2 (en) | 2010-06-01 |
BRPI0419057A (en) | 2007-12-11 |
US20070288008A1 (en) | 2007-12-13 |
EP1791481A4 (en) | 2008-12-17 |
WO2006033503A1 (en) | 2006-03-30 |
JP2008513174A (en) | 2008-05-01 |
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