US2009368A - Oscillation generation - Google Patents

Oscillation generation Download PDF

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Publication number
US2009368A
US2009368A US464250A US46425030A US2009368A US 2009368 A US2009368 A US 2009368A US 464250 A US464250 A US 464250A US 46425030 A US46425030 A US 46425030A US 2009368 A US2009368 A US 2009368A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
anode
cathode
electrons
discharge device
electron discharge
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US464250A
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English (en)
Inventor
George L Usselman
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
RCA Corp
Original Assignee
RCA Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to NL33991D priority Critical patent/NL33991C/xx
Priority to NL57423D priority patent/NL57423B/xx
Application filed by RCA Corp filed Critical RCA Corp
Priority to US464250A priority patent/US2009368A/en
Priority to GB15993/31D priority patent/GB379395A/en
Priority to DER82005D priority patent/DE625242C/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2009368A publication Critical patent/US2009368A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
    • H03B9/00—Generation of oscillations using transit-time effects
    • H03B9/01—Generation of oscillations using transit-time effects using discharge tubes
    • H03B9/10—Generation of oscillations using transit-time effects using discharge tubes using a magnetron
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J21/00—Vacuum tubes
    • H01J21/02—Tubes with a single discharge path
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/50—Magnetrons, i.e. tubes with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field
    • H01J25/52—Magnetrons, i.e. tubes with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field with an electron space having a shape that does not prevent any electron from moving completely around the cathode or guide electrode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/68—Tubes specially designed to act as oscillator with positive grid and retarding field, e.g. for Barkhausen-Kurz oscillators
    • H01J25/72—Tubes specially designed to act as oscillator with positive grid and retarding field, e.g. for Barkhausen-Kurz oscillators in which a standing wave or a considerable part thereof is produced along an electrode, e.g. Clavier tube
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03C—MODULATION
    • H03C5/00—Amplitude modulation and angle modulation produced simultaneously or at will by the same modulating signal
    • H03C5/02—Amplitude modulation and angle modulation produced simultaneously or at will by the same modulating signal by means of transit-time tube
    • H03C5/04—Amplitude modulation and angle modulation produced simultaneously or at will by the same modulating signal by means of transit-time tube the tube being a magnetron

Definitions

  • OSCILLATION GENERATION Filed June 27, 1930 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 ATTORNEY Patented July 23, 1935 PATENT! OFFICE OSCILLATION GENERATION George L. Usselman, Port Jefferson, N. Y., as
  • This invention appertains to the art of electricaloscillation generation and has for its main object the provision of new and useful methods and means for the generation of high frequency electrical oscillations.
  • an anode voltages on portions of which continuously fluctuate in a fashion such that when the voltage on a portion of the anode attracts electrons towards it, by the time the electrons reach that portion of the anode, the voltage has changed so that the electrons strike the anode at a time when the struck portion is at a lower potential.
  • the anode In order to have an anode in which, voltages across portions of which continuously vary at the desired'frequency, the anode, according to this invention, is preferably made in the form of a radiator one-half wave length long whose center portion is shielded from the electrons. In this manner the electrons cannot pass directly. from the filament to the anode but must strike it some distance from the center.
  • Figures 1 and 2 are right angled views of an l0 oscillator built according to the present invention, the magnetic means for twisting electrons from the cathode to the anode being omitted for the sake of simplicity.
  • Figure 3 is similar to Figure 1 having in addition, means for modulating and directionally transmitting the oscillations set up,
  • Figure 4 indicates, diagrammatically, another way of modulating the oscillations generated.
  • Figure 5 is a partial view of a preferred form of oscillator.
  • anode A in the form of a radiator one-half wave length long, the wave length taken being that of a desired frequency
  • anode potential is supplied through a lead D attached substantially to the center of the anode A which is the voltage nodal point of the anode during oscillation.
  • a cylindrical shield or member S physically and electrically connected with.
  • a metallic cylindrical member or shield B coaxial with, and intermediate the ends of anode A, shielding the central portion of anode A from electrons from cathode C.
  • Biasi ng potential for shield S and shield B is supplied through a lead F.
  • shield B is a control electrode since it determines the path of the electrons from the cathode to the anode, and as will be seen later modulating potentials may be applied to this shield or control electrode.
  • the shield diflers however from what is known as the conventional grid in that the shield or control electrode does not ordinarily stop the flow of electrons but only controls the path thereof.
  • the cathode is placed in a plane traversing and preferably perpendicular to the axis of anode A and of sleeve B and is provided with leads Z, as shown, for suitable energization thereof.
  • the cathode may be of any known type and suitably coated to increase electron emission.
  • the inherent operation of the tube is such that the time required for the electrons to travel from the cathode to the anode is substantially equal to the time of a half cycle of oscillation or to an integer times the period oionehalt cycle corresponding to the tuning of the anode circuit.
  • a magnetic field may be applied in a direction traversing the plane of the cathode and, as shown, in'the direction of lines M which indicate a magnetic field. Consequently, the electron travel ,will not only be de flected due to the electrostatic field indicated by lines L set up by sleeve B, but they will also be rotated or twisted about the anode before striking it thereby increasing still further the time of transit of electrons from cathode to anode.
  • a cylindrical solenoid G as shown diagrammatically in section in Figure 3, energized by suitable source of ener y K may be provided.
  • the cathode may be energized through a suitable source of alternating potential I and the cylindrical sleeve B may be biased by a source of potential J.
  • Modulating energy may be introduced in the.
  • modulating apparatus may be placed in one or the leads from source H to the magnetic field mea ns G.
  • modulating energy for example,,,inthe iorm oi keyed alternating energy rather than complex currents may be introduced as shown in Figure 4 to vary the bias of sleeve B, the introduction taking place through a transformer P inserted in the biasing lead for the sleeve B.
  • the oscillations generated may be directionally transmitted by placing a parabolic reflector R an odd number of quarter wave lengths .and pgeterably one-quarter wave length behind ano e A. v 0i. course, if desired, taps could be placed symmetrically about the center of the anode A for supplying a transmission line which in turn would guide the modulated waves generated to any distant point desired.
  • the method-of generating electrical oscillations with an electron discharge device having an anode and a cathode intermediate the ends of said anode, which includes, electrostatically lengthening the path taken by electrons traveling from the cathode to the anode and decreasing the anode potential at points along the anode as the electrons are about to strike it.
  • An electron discharge device having, in combination, an anode, a cathode within the length and intermediate the ends of said anode, and, a shield surrounding a portion'ot said anode tor causing electrons to take a relatively long path from the cathode to the anode.
  • An electron discharge device having, in combination, an anode, approximately one-half wave length long coiled at its center, a cathode, and, a shield adjacent the anode for causing electrons to take a relatively long path from the cathode to the anode.
  • An electron discharge device having, in
  • An electron discharge device having, in combination, an anode in the form of a radiator approximately one-half wave length long coiled at'its center, a sleeve about a portion of the anode, and a cathode.
  • An electron discharge device having, in combination, an anode in the form of a radiator coiled intermediate its ends, means for supplying anode potential at the mid-point thereof, a cylindrical sleeve about the central coiled portion of the anode, and a cathode.
  • An electron discharge device having, in combination, an anode in the form of a radiator approximately one-half wave length long coiled at its center, means for supplying anode potential at the mid-point thereof, a cylindrical sleeve about the central portion of the anode, and a cathode.
  • An electron discharge device having, in
  • a linear anode a linear anode
  • a cylindrical sleeve coaxial with and about a portion of the anode and intermediate the ends of said anode
  • a cathode disposed within the length of said sleeve in a plane traversing the axis of the sleeve and anode.
  • An electron discharge device having, in combination, a linear anode approximately onehalf wave length long coiled at its center, a cylindrical sleeve coaxial with and about a portion of the anode, and a cathode disposed in a plane traversing the axis of the sleeve'and anode.
  • An electron discharge device having, in combination, a linear anode, a cylindrical sleeve coaxial with and about a portion of the anode intermediate the ends of said anode, and a cathode disposed within the length of said sleeve in a plane perpendicular t the axis of the sleeve and anode.
  • An electron discharge device having, in combination, a linear anode approximately onehalf Wave length long coiled at its center, a cylindrical sleeve coaxial with and about a portion of the anode, and a cathode disposed in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the sleeve and anode.
  • An oscillation generator comprising an anode approximately one-half wave length long coiled at its center, a cathode, and a member having a potential applied thereto for deflecting electrons from the cathode towards the. anode in a path relatively longer than that which would be taken with the sleeve absent, whereby oscillations are set up in the anode,- and means for modulating the oscillations so set up.
  • an electron discharge device having an anode'approximately one-half wave length long coiled intermediate its ends, a cathode, and a sleeve about the anode having a potential applied thereto for making electrons travel a relatively longer path from the cathode to the anode whereby oscillations are set up in the anode, means for modulating the oscillation set up, and means for directionally transmitting the electromagnetic wave propagated from the anode. 17.
  • an electron discharge device having an anode aproximately one-half wave length long coiled at its center, a cathode, a sleeve having a suitable potential applied thereto for deflecting electrons traveling from' the cathode to the anode, and means for subjecting the electrons traveling from the cathode to the anode to a magnetic field.
  • An electron discharge device having a linear anode approximately one-half wave length long, a cathode, a sleeve intermediate the ends of the anode and having a suitable potential applied thereto for electrostatically deflecting electrons traveling from the cathode towards the anode, said anode and sleeve being arranged coaxially, said cathode being disposed in a plane traversing the axis of said anode and sleeve, and means for applying a magnetic field to the elections in a direction traversing the plane of the cathode.
  • An oscillator comprising an electron dis charge device having a radiating anode approximately one-half wave length long coiled at its center, a cathode in a plane perpendicular to theaxis of the anode, a sleeve about a midportion of the anode for electrostatically deflecting electrons traveling from the cathode towards the anode, and, means for applying a magnetic field to the electrons in a direction parallel with the axis of the anode and sleeve.
  • An oscillator comprising an electron discharge device having a linear radiating anode approximately one-half wave lengthlong, a cathode in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the anode, a sleeve about a mid-portion of the anode for electrostatically deflecting electrons traveling from the cathode towards the anode, means for applying a magnetic field to the electrons in a direction paralle1 to the axis of the anode and sleeve whereby oscillations are set up in said anode, and means for modulating said oscillations.
  • An oscillator comprising an electron discharge device having a radiating anode one-half wave length long coiled at its center, a cathode in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the anode and having a suitable potential applied thereto, a sleeve about a mid-portion of the anode for electrostatically deflecting electrons traveling from the cathode towards the anode, means for applying a magnetic field to the electrons in a direction parallel with the axis of the anode and sleeve whereby oscillations are set up in said anode, means for modulating said oscillations, and, means for directionally transmitting the electromagnetic waves set up by the oscillations in the anode.
  • An oscillator comprising an electron discharge device having a linear radiating anode approximately one-half wave length long, a cathode in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the anode. a sleeve about a mid-portion of the anode at a suitable potential relative to said anode and cathode ior electrostatically deflecting electrons traveling from the cathode towards the anode, means for. applying a magnetic field to the electrons in a direction parallel to the axis of the anode and sleeve whereby oscillations are set up in said anode.
  • An oscillator comprising an electron discharge device having a radiating anode one-half wave length long, a cathode .in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the anode, a sleeve about a mid-portion of the anode and having a suitable potential applied thereto for electrostatically deflecting electrons traveling from the cathode towards the anode, means for applying a magnetic field to the electrons in a direction parallel with the axis of the anode and sleeve whereby oscillations are set up in said anode, and means for directionally transmitting the electromagnetic waves set up by the oscillations in the anode.
  • An electron discharge device having, in combination, a linear anode, a cathode located between the ends of saidanode, andimperforate f trode, the method of generating oscillations which shielding means intermediate said anode and cathode.
  • the method of generating oscillations which includes propelling electrons from said cathode to portions of said anode only at times when the portions are sub-.
  • a method of generating oscillations which includes propelling electrons-from said cathode to portions of said anode only at times when the electrons are subjected to a maximum anode potential, and decreasing the anode potential of the portions as the electrons arrive.
  • the method of signalling in a system including an electron discharge device oscillator havingan anode,a cathode,and acontrol electrode, which includes generating oscillations by attracting electrons to portions of the anode and then decreasing the anode voltage on the portions as the electrons arrive, modulating the oscillatory energy so generated, and radiating the modulated energy.
  • the method of signalling in a system including an electron discharge device oscillator havingan anode,a cathode,and acontrol electrode, which includes generating oscillations by attracting electrons to portions of the anode and then decreasing the anode voltages on the portions as the electrons arrive, modulating the oscillatory energy so generated, and directionally radiating the modulated energy.
  • the method of generating oscillations which includes attracting electrons toward a fractional portion of the anode, and decreasing the voltage on that portion of the anode as the electrons arrive.
  • a cathode and a control elecin cludes attracting electrons to portions of the anode only at times when the portions of the anode are subjected to a maximum anode potential, and decreasing the anode potential on the portiors as electronsarrive.
  • An electron discharge device oscillator comprising an electron discharge device having ah anode'and a source of potential 101; said anode, and an anode circuit tuned to a frequency such that the time required for electrons to travel between a pair of electrodes of the device is substantially equal to the time of one-half cycle corresponding to the tuning of the anode oscillation circuit.
  • an anode and a cathode and means for suitably energizing same said anode and cathode having such dimensions that after electrons are attracted towards a portion of the anode, they arrivev at said anode portion when the anode voltage on said portion changes to a value less than the maximum applied voltage.
  • a cathode and a control-electrode and means for suitably energizing same said anode, cathode and control electrode having such dimensions that-the electrons attracted towards a portion of the anode arrive at that portion of the anode a time later when that portionof the anode is subjected to a substantially minimum potential.
  • an anode tuned to a multiple of a half wave length, a cathode and a control electrode, andmeans for applying a potential on said anode and a bias on the control electrode such that only that portion of the anode which is subjected to maximum anode potential draws electrons thereto.
  • An electron discharge device oscillator comprising an anode tuned to a multiple of a halt wave length, a cathode and a' control electrode, means'for modulating the oscillations generated by the oscillator, and means for transmitting the modulated oscillations.
  • an anode tuned to a multiple of a halt wave length, a cathode and a control electrode, means for modulating the oscillations generated by the oscillator, and means for directionally propagatserves to control or aid in the control, as well as to receive the flow of electrons'and in which the time relations of the control eflect and receiving of the electrons are made correct for regenerative action by the time required for the electrons to travel from the cathode to the anode, which comprises attracting electrons in streams alternately to different parts of the anode.
  • An electron discharge device oscillator comprising an electron discharge device having an anode circuit tuned to a frequency such that the time required for electrons to travel between a pair of electrodes of the device is substantially equal to an integer times the period of one-half cycle corresponding to the tuning of the anode oscillation circuit.
  • An electron discharge device oscillator comprising an electron discharge device having an anode circuit tuned to a frequency such that the time required for electrons to travel between a cathode and an anode of the device is substanwave length, a cathode, and a control electrode intermediate said anode and cathode, and means for applying a potential to the anode and a negai tive bias to the control electrode such that on y that portion of the anode which is subjected to a maximum anode potential draws electrons from said cathode thereto.
  • an anode structurally designed to be tuned to a multiple of a half wave length, a cathode, and a control electrode intermediate said anode and cathode, means for applying a suitable potential to said anode at the midpoint thereof, and means vfor applying a negative bias on the control electrode such that only that portion of the anode which is subjected to the maximum anode potential draws electrons thereto.
  • An electron discharge device oscillator comprising an electron discharge device having an anode, a cathode, and a source of potential for said anode, and an anode circuit tuned to a frequency such that the time required for electrons to travel between said cathode and the anode of the device is substantially equal to the time of one-half cycle corresponding to the tuning of the anode oscillation circuit.

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  • Lasers (AREA)
  • Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Electron Sources, Ion Sources (AREA)
  • Microwave Tubes (AREA)
  • Particle Accelerators (AREA)
US464250A 1930-06-27 1930-06-27 Oscillation generation Expired - Lifetime US2009368A (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL33991D NL33991C (id) 1930-06-27
NL57423D NL57423B (id) 1930-06-27
US464250A US2009368A (en) 1930-06-27 1930-06-27 Oscillation generation
GB15993/31D GB379395A (en) 1930-06-27 1931-06-01 Improvements in or relating to thermionic oscillation generators
DER82005D DE625242C (de) 1930-06-27 1931-06-25 Entladungsroehre zur Erzeugung elektrischer Schwingungen

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US464250A US2009368A (en) 1930-06-27 1930-06-27 Oscillation generation

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US2009368A true US2009368A (en) 1935-07-23

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US464250A Expired - Lifetime US2009368A (en) 1930-06-27 1930-06-27 Oscillation generation

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US (1) US2009368A (id)
DE (1) DE625242C (id)
GB (1) GB379395A (id)
NL (2) NL57423B (id)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2453751A (en) * 1944-08-26 1948-11-16 Philco Corp Antenna reflector system
US2474485A (en) * 1944-09-14 1949-06-28 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Magnetron oscillator
US2521556A (en) * 1946-11-20 1950-09-05 Gen Electric Magnetron
US2585794A (en) * 1947-10-25 1952-02-12 Rca Corp Magnetron
US2605437A (en) * 1946-02-12 1952-07-29 Gen Railway Signal Co Controllable space current electron discharge tube with magnetic field

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2453751A (en) * 1944-08-26 1948-11-16 Philco Corp Antenna reflector system
US2474485A (en) * 1944-09-14 1949-06-28 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Magnetron oscillator
US2605437A (en) * 1946-02-12 1952-07-29 Gen Railway Signal Co Controllable space current electron discharge tube with magnetic field
US2521556A (en) * 1946-11-20 1950-09-05 Gen Electric Magnetron
US2585794A (en) * 1947-10-25 1952-02-12 Rca Corp Magnetron

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL57423B (id)
GB379395A (en) 1932-09-01
DE625242C (de) 1936-02-06
NL33991C (id)

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