US20090183848A1 - Process for Production of Compacted Graphite Iron - Google Patents
Process for Production of Compacted Graphite Iron Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20090183848A1 US20090183848A1 US12/086,637 US8663706A US2009183848A1 US 20090183848 A1 US20090183848 A1 US 20090183848A1 US 8663706 A US8663706 A US 8663706A US 2009183848 A1 US2009183848 A1 US 2009183848A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- iron
- cerium
- magnesium
- mould
- production
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
- B22D27/20—Measures not previously mentioned for influencing the grain structure or texture; Selection of compositions therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C1/00—Refining of pig-iron; Cast iron
- C21C1/08—Manufacture of cast-iron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C1/00—Refining of pig-iron; Cast iron
- C21C1/10—Making spheroidal graphite cast-iron
- C21C1/105—Nodularising additive agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/08—Making cast-iron alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
- C22C37/10—Cast-iron alloys containing aluminium or silicon
Definitions
- the invention relates to a process for production of cast iron with a structure predominantly consisting of compacted graphite shapes.
- the process is based on a combination of pre-treatment of a base iron and a final treatment in the mould.
- Compacted graphite iron is a cast iron alloy with a graphite structure between flake type graphite shapes and spherical shapes.
- the graphite shape is determined by the conditions in the liquid iron during the solidification.
- Treatment of a base iron, preferably with a carbon equivalent between 4.0 and 4.4 and with a sulphur content below 0.02%, with a ferrosilicon alloy containing 4-10% magnesium can be used to achieve the compacted graphite structure.
- the magnesium content must be kept within very narrow limits usually within +/ ⁇ 0.003% and with a level of about 0.008 to 0.015% depending on conditions of the base iron and the cooling rate in the casting to be produced. As used herein percent refers to percent by weight.
- the treatment with magnesium is usually made in a ladle.
- the magnesium treatment can be made inside each mould. That technology known as in-mould treatment/technology is well-known for production of ductile iron. A special version of the technology as described in WO 01/54844 A1, is suitable for production of compacted graphite iron.
- the in-mould technology is based on placing the magnesium alloy in a chamber in the gating system in the mould. During pouring, the iron flows into the chamber and gradually dissolves the alloy. The treated metal then fills the casting cavity. The problems with fading of magnesium are eliminated when using this process.
- the invention concerns a process for production of compacted graphite iron using in-mould addition of a magnesium alloy in accordance with claim 1 .
- Preferred embodiments are defined in the dependent claims.
- the amount of cerium is adjusted in relation to the sulphur content in the base iron.
- the cerium level should be adjusted according to the formula:
- %Cerium (%Sulphur ⁇ 0.006)* 2.9+ A.
- the value for A varies preferably between 0.01 and 0.03 depending on the configuration of the casting i.e. variation in section dimensions and casting modulus.
- cerium has a very high boiling point (3470° C.) and a high density (6.14 g/cm 3 ) it does not show any fading effect.
- cerium By adding cerium to the base iron it can be properly dissolved and less magnesium alloy has to be added in the reaction chamber in the mould as cerium also has a structure forming effect.
- the treatment alloy preferably contains 3-6% magnesium and 0.5-1.5% lanthanum.
- Lanthanum has a favourable effect in reducing defects such as carbides and shrinkages in the casting. The effect on shrinkages is highest just after treatment and therefore it is optimal to add the lanthanum as late as possible.
- compositions for commercially available alloys include:
- magnesium alloy 48% Fe, 45% Si, 5% Mg, 1.0% A1, 0.5% La and 0.5% Ca, and
- Cerium alloy 65% Fe, 25% Ce, 7% La, and a balance of other rare earth elements.
- cerium is added to the oven or the ladle (and not as a part of the magnesium alloy) and magnesium is added to the mould.
- the magnesium addition can be reduced with at least 30% compared to a normal treatment in-the-mould without the pre-conditioning.
- the reduced magnesium level in the castings has also the advantage that casting defects such as dross and micro-shrinkage are minimized.
Abstract
A process for production of compacted graphite iron using in-mould addition of a magnesium alloy is disclosed. The process is characterised by a step of pre-treating the base iron in a ladle or in a furnace with an alloy containing cerium and performing a structure forming treatment in a reaction chamber in the mould using an alloy containing magnesium and lanthanum.
Description
- The invention relates to a process for production of cast iron with a structure predominantly consisting of compacted graphite shapes. The process is based on a combination of pre-treatment of a base iron and a final treatment in the mould.
- Compacted graphite iron is a cast iron alloy with a graphite structure between flake type graphite shapes and spherical shapes. The graphite shape is determined by the conditions in the liquid iron during the solidification. Treatment of a base iron, preferably with a carbon equivalent between 4.0 and 4.4 and with a sulphur content below 0.02%, with a ferrosilicon alloy containing 4-10% magnesium can be used to achieve the compacted graphite structure. The magnesium content must be kept within very narrow limits usually within +/− 0.003% and with a level of about 0.008 to 0.015% depending on conditions of the base iron and the cooling rate in the casting to be produced. As used herein percent refers to percent by weight. The treatment with magnesium is usually made in a ladle. Magnesium boils at 1090° C. and since the temperature of the iron usually is higher than 1400° C. during the treatment some of the magnesium therefore vanishes as vapour, and some combines with the sulphur, oxygen and nitrogen in the iron. During holding of the iron before pouring further reduction of the active magnesium content occurs. This gradual reduction of active magnesium is called fading.
- In order to avoid these problems the magnesium treatment can be made inside each mould. That technology known as in-mould treatment/technology is well-known for production of ductile iron. A special version of the technology as described in WO 01/54844 A1, is suitable for production of compacted graphite iron. The in-mould technology is based on placing the magnesium alloy in a chamber in the gating system in the mould. During pouring, the iron flows into the chamber and gradually dissolves the alloy. The treated metal then fills the casting cavity. The problems with fading of magnesium are eliminated when using this process.
- One problem is that the sulphur level in the base iron often varies. Therefore the magnesium level must be adjusted. However, with the in-mould treatment this is practically not possible as the treatment chamber is the same in each mould. Another problem is that treatment with magnesium makes the structure sensitive to variation in cooling rate. With a high cooling rate e.g. in thin sections of the casting the graphite shapes tend to be more spherical. With long cooling rates i.e. in thick sections the graphite will precipitate as flakes.
- It is known that treatment alloys containing both magnesium and cerium reduce these problems. However high levels of cerium can increase the risk for certain casting defects such as formation of primary carbides and shrinkages.
- It is an object of the present invention to solve these problems.
- The invention concerns a process for production of compacted graphite iron using in-mould addition of a magnesium alloy in accordance with
claim 1. Preferred embodiments are defined in the dependent claims. - The amount of cerium is adjusted in relation to the sulphur content in the base iron. The cerium level should be adjusted according to the formula:
-
%Cerium=(%Sulphur−0.006)* 2.9+A. - The value for A varies preferably between 0.01 and 0.03 depending on the configuration of the casting i.e. variation in section dimensions and casting modulus. As cerium has a very high boiling point (3470° C.) and a high density (6.14 g/cm3) it does not show any fading effect. By adding cerium to the base iron it can be properly dissolved and less magnesium alloy has to be added in the reaction chamber in the mould as cerium also has a structure forming effect.
- The treatment alloy preferably contains 3-6% magnesium and 0.5-1.5% lanthanum. Lanthanum has a favourable effect in reducing defects such as carbides and shrinkages in the casting. The effect on shrinkages is highest just after treatment and therefore it is optimal to add the lanthanum as late as possible.
- The alloys used can have various compositions since the paramount feature is the overall fraction of active metal. However, examples of compositions for commercially available alloys include:
- For the magnesium alloy: 48% Fe, 45% Si, 5% Mg, 1.0% A1, 0.5% La and 0.5% Ca, and
- for the Cerium alloy: 65% Fe, 25% Ce, 7% La, and a balance of other rare earth elements.
- According to a preferred embodiment of the invention cerium is added to the oven or the ladle (and not as a part of the magnesium alloy) and magnesium is added to the mould.
- With the proposed process the magnesium addition can be reduced with at least 30% compared to a normal treatment in-the-mould without the pre-conditioning.
- The reduced magnesium level in the castings has also the advantage that casting defects such as dross and micro-shrinkage are minimized.
Claims (4)
1. A process for production of compacted graphite iron using in-mould addition of a magnesium alloy comprising pre-treating the base iron in a ladle or in a furnace with an alloy containing cerium and performing a structure forming treatment in a reaction chamber in the mould using an alloy containing magnesium and lanthanum.
2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the base iron is pretreated with an alloy containing cerium in order to reach cerium levels between 0.008 and 0.025% and the iron is further treated in the casting mould using an alloy containing 3-6% magnesium and 0.5-1.5% lanthanum.
3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the minimum percentage of cerium in the base iron is estimated as (%S-0.006) *2.9+0.01), where S is the sulphur content in the iron before the addition of cerium.
4. The process of claim 2 , wherein the minimum percentage of cerium in the base iron is estimated as (%S-0.006) *2.9+0.01), where S is the sulphur content in the iron before the addition of cerium.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SE0502817A SE529445C2 (en) | 2005-12-20 | 2005-12-20 | Process for making compact graphite iron |
SE0502817-0 | 2005-12-20 | ||
PCT/SE2006/001424 WO2007073280A1 (en) | 2005-12-20 | 2006-12-14 | Process for production of compacted graphite iron |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20090183848A1 true US20090183848A1 (en) | 2009-07-23 |
Family
ID=38188913
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US12/086,637 Abandoned US20090183848A1 (en) | 2005-12-20 | 2006-12-14 | Process for Production of Compacted Graphite Iron |
US13/329,561 Abandoned US20120090803A1 (en) | 2005-12-20 | 2011-12-19 | Process for producton of compacted graphite iron |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US13/329,561 Abandoned US20120090803A1 (en) | 2005-12-20 | 2011-12-19 | Process for producton of compacted graphite iron |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US20090183848A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1974062B1 (en) |
KR (1) | KR20080089577A (en) |
CN (1) | CN101341262B (en) |
BR (1) | BRPI0620077A2 (en) |
MX (1) | MX2008007968A (en) |
SE (1) | SE529445C2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2007073280A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2018047134A1 (en) * | 2016-09-12 | 2018-03-15 | Snam Alloys Pvt Ltd | A non-magnesium process to produce compacted graphite iron (cgi) |
RU2814095C1 (en) * | 2023-08-25 | 2024-02-22 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "ПЕТРОЛИМ-ИННОВАЦИИ" | Method for manufacturing castings from high strength spherical graphite iron |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2015034062A1 (en) * | 2013-09-06 | 2015-03-12 | 東芝機械株式会社 | Method for spheroidizing molten metal of spheroidal graphite cast iron |
CN105785882B (en) * | 2016-05-09 | 2019-05-14 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | A kind of spheroidal graphite cast-iron nodularization inoculation dynamic regulation method and system |
BR102016022690B1 (en) * | 2016-09-29 | 2022-02-08 | Tupy S.A. | VERMICULAR CAST IRON ALLOY FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE BLOCK AND HEAD |
CN109371191A (en) * | 2018-11-09 | 2019-02-22 | 中船海洋动力部件有限公司 | A kind of compactedization inoculation method of vermicular cast iron |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3392013A (en) * | 1966-03-14 | 1968-07-09 | Owens Illinois Inc | Cast iron composition and process for making |
US3765876A (en) * | 1972-11-01 | 1973-10-16 | W Moore | Method of making nodular iron castings |
US4412578A (en) * | 1980-03-20 | 1983-11-01 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | Apparatus for treating molten cast iron |
US4806157A (en) * | 1983-06-23 | 1989-02-21 | Subramanian Sundaresa V | Process for producing compacted graphite iron castings |
US4874576A (en) * | 1988-01-23 | 1989-10-17 | Metallgesellschaft Aktiengesellschaft | Method of producing nodular cast iron |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB833486A (en) | 1956-05-02 | 1960-04-27 | British Cast Iron Res Ass | Manufacture of engineering components and of improved grey cast iron therefor |
JPS6044369B2 (en) * | 1979-12-19 | 1985-10-03 | フオセコ インタ−ナシヨナル リミテツド | Manufacture of vermicular graphite cast iron |
CH656147A5 (en) * | 1981-03-31 | 1986-06-13 | Fischer Ag Georg | METHOD FOR PRODUCING A CAST IRON WITH VERMICULAR GRAPHITE. |
NO306169B1 (en) * | 1997-12-08 | 1999-09-27 | Elkem Materials | Cast iron grafting agent and method of making grafting agent |
SE518344C2 (en) | 2000-01-26 | 2002-09-24 | Novacast Ab | gating |
-
2005
- 2005-12-20 SE SE0502817A patent/SE529445C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2006
- 2006-12-14 EP EP06835848A patent/EP1974062B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2006-12-14 CN CN2006800481058A patent/CN101341262B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-12-14 MX MX2008007968A patent/MX2008007968A/en unknown
- 2006-12-14 KR KR1020087015971A patent/KR20080089577A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2006-12-14 WO PCT/SE2006/001424 patent/WO2007073280A1/en active Application Filing
- 2006-12-14 US US12/086,637 patent/US20090183848A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-12-14 BR BRPI0620077-0A patent/BRPI0620077A2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2011
- 2011-12-19 US US13/329,561 patent/US20120090803A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3392013A (en) * | 1966-03-14 | 1968-07-09 | Owens Illinois Inc | Cast iron composition and process for making |
US3765876A (en) * | 1972-11-01 | 1973-10-16 | W Moore | Method of making nodular iron castings |
US4412578A (en) * | 1980-03-20 | 1983-11-01 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | Apparatus for treating molten cast iron |
US4806157A (en) * | 1983-06-23 | 1989-02-21 | Subramanian Sundaresa V | Process for producing compacted graphite iron castings |
US4874576A (en) * | 1988-01-23 | 1989-10-17 | Metallgesellschaft Aktiengesellschaft | Method of producing nodular cast iron |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2018047134A1 (en) * | 2016-09-12 | 2018-03-15 | Snam Alloys Pvt Ltd | A non-magnesium process to produce compacted graphite iron (cgi) |
US20210087658A1 (en) * | 2016-09-12 | 2021-03-25 | Snam Alloys Pvt Ltd | A Non-Magnesium process to produce Compacted Graphite Iron (CGI) |
US11859270B2 (en) * | 2016-09-12 | 2024-01-02 | Snam Alloys Pvt Ltd | Non-magnesium process to produce compacted graphite iron (CGI) |
RU2814095C1 (en) * | 2023-08-25 | 2024-02-22 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "ПЕТРОЛИМ-ИННОВАЦИИ" | Method for manufacturing castings from high strength spherical graphite iron |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
SE0502817L (en) | 2007-06-21 |
EP1974062B1 (en) | 2013-01-23 |
CN101341262B (en) | 2010-12-29 |
BRPI0620077A2 (en) | 2011-11-01 |
MX2008007968A (en) | 2008-09-26 |
KR20080089577A (en) | 2008-10-07 |
EP1974062A1 (en) | 2008-10-01 |
US20120090803A1 (en) | 2012-04-19 |
CN101341262A (en) | 2009-01-07 |
SE529445C2 (en) | 2007-08-14 |
WO2007073280A1 (en) | 2007-06-28 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: NOVACAST TECHNOLOGIES AB, SWEDEN Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:SILLEN, RUDOLF;REEL/FRAME:021516/0582 Effective date: 20080822 |
|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: NOVACAST SYSTEMS AB, SWEDEN Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:NOVACAST TECHNOLOGIES AB;REEL/FRAME:028039/0291 Effective date: 20120202 |