US20090156237A1 - System and method for handling special number calls using text message format with automatic location function - Google Patents
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- US20090156237A1 US20090156237A1 US11/956,547 US95654707A US2009156237A1 US 20090156237 A1 US20090156237 A1 US 20090156237A1 US 95654707 A US95654707 A US 95654707A US 2009156237 A1 US2009156237 A1 US 2009156237A1
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 33
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 167
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010295 mobile communication Methods 0.000 description 57
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 22
- 208000032041 Hearing impaired Diseases 0.000 description 11
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000011664 signaling Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 206010011878 Deafness Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
- H04W4/12—Messaging; Mailboxes; Announcements
- H04W4/14—Short messaging services, e.g. short message services [SMS] or unstructured supplementary service data [USSD]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
- H04M3/00—Automatic or semi-automatic exchanges
- H04M3/42—Systems providing special services or facilities to subscribers
- H04M3/42348—Location-based services which utilize the location information of a target
- H04M3/42357—Location-based services which utilize the location information of a target where the information is provided to a monitoring entity such as a potential calling party or a call processing server
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
- H04M3/00—Automatic or semi-automatic exchanges
- H04M3/42—Systems providing special services or facilities to subscribers
- H04M3/50—Centralised arrangements for answering calls; Centralised arrangements for recording messages for absent or busy subscribers ; Centralised arrangements for recording messages
- H04M3/51—Centralised call answering arrangements requiring operator intervention, e.g. call or contact centers for telemarketing
- H04M3/5116—Centralised call answering arrangements requiring operator intervention, e.g. call or contact centers for telemarketing for emergency applications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
- H04W4/02—Services making use of location information
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
- H04M2207/00—Type of exchange or network, i.e. telephonic medium, in which the telephonic communication takes place
- H04M2207/18—Type of exchange or network, i.e. telephonic medium, in which the telephonic communication takes place wireless networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
- H04M2242/00—Special services or facilities
- H04M2242/04—Special services or facilities for emergency applications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
- H04M3/00—Automatic or semi-automatic exchanges
- H04M3/42—Systems providing special services or facilities to subscribers
- H04M3/42025—Calling or Called party identification service
- H04M3/42034—Calling party identification service
- H04M3/42042—Notifying the called party of information on the calling party
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
- H04M3/00—Automatic or semi-automatic exchanges
- H04M3/42—Systems providing special services or facilities to subscribers
- H04M3/42348—Location-based services which utilize the location information of a target
Definitions
- the present invention is directed to telecommunication systems, and especially to handling special number calls using text message format with an automatic location function.
- Special number services such as, by way of example and not by way of limitation, the Emergency Service E9-1-1 network in the United States, were implemented primarily in a voice network.
- the relatively recent introduction of text message (also referred to as text messaging) formats conveyed via voice networks has provided additional capabilities for the E9-1-1 network as well as other special number networks.
- deaf persons may access the E9-1-1 network using a text messaging format without special equipment or connections to a special network.
- a calling station e.g., a mobile station such as a CAN (Automatic Collision Notification) system
- an emergency notification message may be automatically provided via a network in a text messaging format.
- Text messaging communication may employ a format such as Short Message Service (SMS) or Unstructured Supplementary Service Data (USSD) and may be conveyed using control channels or other communication channels associated with a telecommunication network.
- SMS Short Message Service
- USSD Unstructured Supplementary Service Data
- telecommunication networks may employ various types of signaling in various channels of communication to effect the desired routing, connection, packetizing and other functions associated with carrying out desired communications.
- a switching protocol known as Signaling System-7 (SS-7) may be employed for supporting such network functions as call-establishment, billing, routing, and information exchange functions in a Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN).
- PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network
- SS-7 may identify functions to be performed by a signaling system PSTN and a protocol to enable performance of the identified functions.
- PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network
- Text messaging formats such as by way of example and not by way of limitation, SMS format, may permit transmission of alphanumeric messages between a mobile subscriber and external systems such as electronic mail, paging, voice mail systems and special number systems (e.g., Emergency Service Systems).
- special number systems e.g., Emergency Service Systems
- special number dialing and text message format messages there has not been a “marriage” of special number dialing and text message format messages. That is, until now one who desired to communicate with a special number system, such as an Emergency Service system, using a test messaging format had to dial a seven- or ten-digit number to reach a responsive entity.
- PSAP Public Safety Answering Position
- 9-1-1 dialing “9-1-1”.
- special number calling systems have originated and developed based upon an assumption that the origination locus of a special number call is known prior to the initiation of the call. This presumption has traditionally been correct because the specific address and location at an address is associated with every telephone number that supports fully capable special number calling.
- Known location information is preferably used to route E9-1-1 calls to an appropriate PSAP near the origin of the call.
- the same information may be used by the PSAP to support the emergency response to the call, such as dispatching fire, police or emergency medical personnel and equipment and for call back to the call originator if necessary.
- origin of a special number call is often not known when the call is placed using a mobile phone.
- location information relating to a mobile phone provides only coarse mobile network cell-level granularity to an E9-1-1 PSAP
- police or emergency service personnel may go to a location indicated for a particular phone number and find that they have arrived at a large office building or at a widespread college campus with no means available for locating the caller with greater accuracy.
- Valuable time may be spent in finding the particular locus of the caller to render the required assistance. Such delays can be life threatening in the case of emergency service calls.
- GPS Global Positioning Satellite
- Short Message System or other textual format messaging communications may be advantageous in situations where a caller cannot advantageously utilize voice calling, such as, by way of example and not by way of limitation, when employed by a hearing impaired user. It remains important for hearing impaired users as well as hearing users to be able to route a Short Message (SM) special number call to a proximate special number answering station. That is, by way of example and not by way of limitation, to be able to route an emergency call to a PSAP that is proximate to the location of the mobile unit employed by the caller. Such proximate routing permits a greater likelihood of timely provision of emergency services where they are needed.
- SM Short Message
- the problem is that presently deployed systems that are capable of providing accurate location information for a mobile communication unit utilize voice communication channels for conveying the geographic information.
- an unattended voice channel for a mobile call such as when a hearing impaired user places a call, may not avail the called network access of accurate location information relating to the mobile calling station.
- a system for treating special number calls placed from a calling instrument using a text messaging format including: a plurality of message handling units configured in at least one communication network accessible by the calling instrument. At least one selected message handling unit operates to recognize an extant call placed using a special number from the calling instrument in a first the text messaging format. The message handling units cooperate to effect conveying a response communication to the calling instrument when the extant call is detected. The response communication alerts a user of the calling instrument to a return communication conveyed via a return communication channel supporting at least one locating function.
- the calling instrument employs the locating function to provide a substantially pinpoint geographic location of the calling instrument to at least one receiving message handling unit via the return communication channel.
- a method for treating special number calls placed from a calling instrument using a text messaging format includes: (a) providing a plurality of message handling units; (b) coupling the plurality of message handling units in at least one communication network accessible by the calling instrument; (c) operating at least one selected message handling unit of the plurality of message handling units to recognize an extant call placed using a special number from the calling instrument in a first the text messaging format; (d) operating the plurality of message handling units cooperatively to effect conveying a response communication to the calling instrument substantially when the extant call is detected; the response communication alerting a user of the calling instrument to a return communication; (e) operating the plurality of message handling units cooperatively to effect conveying the return communication to the calling instrument via a return communication channel supporting at least one locating function; and (f) operating the calling instrument to employ the locating function to provide a substantially pinpoint geographic location of the calling instrument to at least one receiving message handling unit of the plurality of message handling units via the return communication channel.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a system for handling special number calls using a text message format.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating representative call flows that may be employed with the system illustrated in FIG. 1 .
- FIG. 3 is a flow diagram illustrating a method for handling special number calls using a text message format.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating representative call flows that may be employed with the system illustrated in FIG. 1 for accommodating a hearing impaired user.
- FIG. 5 is a flow diagram illustrating a method for handling special number calls using a text message format for a hearing impaired user.
- the present invention will be discussed in the context of an emergency service network in the United States, commonly referred to as an E9-1-1 network.
- the teachings of the present invention are equally applicable, useful and novel in other special number calling systems, such as maintenance service networks, college campus security networks and other networks.
- Coupled is used to indicate that two or more elements are in direct physical or electrical contact with each other.
- Connected is used to indicate that two or more elements are in direct physical or electrical contact with each other.
- Connected is used to indicate that two or more elements are in either direct or indirect (with other intervening elements between them) physical or electrical contact with each other, or that the two or more elements co-operate or interact with each other (e.g., as in a cause-and-effect relationship).
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a system for handling special number calls using a text message format.
- a system 10 for handling wireless special number calls such as wireless Emergency Service E9-1-1 calls, includes an originating wireless network section 12 , a location server section 14 and a location client section 16 .
- Originating wireless network section 12 includes a plurality of wireless phones 20 1 , 20 2 , 20 n in communication with a plurality of wireless communication antennas 22 1 , 22 2 , 22 m and an associated plurality of Base Station Controllers (BSC) 24 1 , 24 2 , 24 s .
- Wireless network 12 may be implemented in any configuration using any protocol or standard.
- wireless network 12 is implemented according to the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM; also sometimes referred to as Groupe Speciale Mobile) standard.
- GSM Global System for Mobile Communications
- the indicators “n”, “m” and “s” are employed to signify that there can be any number of wireless phones, wireless communication antennas and BSCs in originating wireless network section 10 .
- FIG. 1 The inclusion of three wireless phones 20 1 , 20 2 , 20 n ; three wireless communication antennas 22 1 , 22 2 , 22 m and three BSCs 24 1 , 24 2 , 24 s in FIG. 1 is illustrative only and does not constitute any limitation regarding the number of wireless phones, wireless communication antennas and BSCs that may be included in an originating wireless network section 10 in the present invention. Moreover, it is not required that the numbers of wireless phones, wireless communication antennas and BSCs be equal.
- Originating wireless network section 12 also includes at least one Mobile Switching Center (MSC) 26 coupled with base station controllers (BSC) 24 1 , 24 2 , 24 s .
- MSC Mobile Switching Center
- BSC base station controllers
- RDB Routing Data Base
- MLC 28 preferably embodies functions performed by other units known by those skilled in the art of telecommunication networks such as, by way of example and not by way of limitation, a Serving Mobile Location Center (SMLC), Position Determining Entity (PDE), a Gateway Mobile Location Center (GMLC), a Mobile Positioning Center (MPC), a Home Location Register (HLR) and a Visitors' Location Register (VLR).
- SMLC Serving Mobile Location Center
- PDE Position Determining Entity
- GMLC Gateway Mobile Location Center
- MPC Mobile Positioning Center
- HLR Home Location Register
- VLR Visitors' Location Register
- SMSU 32 embodies functions performed by other units known by those skilled in the art of telecommunication networks such as, by way of example and not by way of limitation, a Short Message Service Center (SMSC), a Gateway Mobile Location Center (GMLC) and a Mobile Positioning Center (MPC). SMSU 32 is configured for recognizing and supporting special number SMS communications such as, by way of example and not by way of limitation, emergency service E9-1-1 communications.
- SMSSC Short Message Service Center
- GMLC Gateway Mobile Location Center
- MPC Mobile Positioning Center
- Location client section 16 includes a public safety answering unit 40 .
- Public safety answering unit 40 includes a PSAP 42 configured for handling emergency Short Message Service (SMS) communications and coupled with MSC 34 .
- PSAP 42 may not be configured for handling SMS communications
- public service answering unit 40 may also include an SMS converting unit 42 coupled with PSAP 42 for converting SMS communications to voice or data communications, or both voice and data communications, or voice format and visual format communications for use by PSAP 42 .
- SMS converting unit 44 is coupled with MSC 34 when installed.
- Location client section 16 is configured with PSAP 40 coupled with MSC 34 for voice communications (indicated by a broken line in FIG. 1 ) and with SMS converting unit 44 coupled with MSC 34 for SMS communications (indicated by a solid line in FIG. 1 ).
- MSC 34 is configured in a manner similar to configuration of MSC 26 and coupled for serving public safety answering unit 40 . MSC 34 is also coupled for serving communication stations or units other than public safety answering unit 40 .
- a particular wireless phone 20 n may thus establish a call route traversing system 10 via an antenna 22 m and associated BSC 24 s via MSC 26 , communication network 30 and MSC 34 to public safety answering unit 40 .
- SMS converting unit 44 may be included in a call route leading to PSAP 42 .
- a call route may be established from communication network 30 to PSAP 42 via SMSU 32 , as indicated by a connection between SMSU 32 and PSAP 42 in a broken line format. Further, a call route may be established from communication network 30 to PSAP 42 via SMS converting unit 44 if PSAP 42 is not configured for handling emergency SMS communications.
- communications between SMSU 32 and public safety answering unit 40 i.e., either or both of PSAP 42 and SMS converting unit 44 ) may be carried out using Internet Protocol (IP) communications.
- IP Internet Protocol
- PSAP 42 may be embodied in a mobile handset (similar to a wireless phone 20 n ).
- one or more antenna similar to antenna 22 m
- BSC similar to BSC 24 s
- a call route between MSC 34 and public safety answering unit 40 may, by way of example and not by way of limitation, be included in a call route between MSC 34 and public safety answering unit 40 .
- Additional participating elements in call routing will be understood by one skilled in the art of special number communication system design. Such additional elements are not included in FIG. 1 so as to avoid cluttering FIG. 1 .
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating representative call flows that may be employed with the system illustrated in FIG. 1 .
- a mobile communication unit 50 places an emergency service Short Message Service (SMS) call, indicated as step # 1 , to a mobile switching center (MSC) 52 .
- MSC 52 places a Mobile Originated Short Message (MO-SM) call to at least one Emergency Short Message Service Unit(s) (ESMSU) 54 , indicated as step # 2 .
- Any call between MSC 52 and ESMSU 54 may be placed via one or more Signal Transfer Points, indicated in FIG. 2 by an STP 53 .
- the optional nature of participation by an STP in calls represented in FIG. 2 is indicated by depicting STP 53 using a dotted line format.
- ESMSU 54 then establishes a Mobile Terminated Short Message (MT-SM) communication channel with MSC 52 (indicated as step # 3 ) and MSC 32 establishes a Mobile Terminated Short Message (MT-SM) communication channel with mobile communication unit 50 (indicated as step # 4 .
- MT-SM Mobile Terminated Short Message
- the MT-SM established by step # 4 supports SM communications with mobile communication unit 50 .
- ESMSU 54 thereafter requests location information relating to the caller (i.e., mobile communication unit 50 ) of the originating wireless network 55 (e.g., See FIG. 1 ; originating wireless network 12 ) using whatever location technology may be supported by the extant originating wireless network 55 (indicated as step # 5 . It is preferred that the most accurate location information available be obtained. MSC 52 provides location information to ESMSU 54 (indicated as step # 6 ).
- step # 7 includes the emergency MO-SM received from mobile communication unit 50 plus pinpoint geographic information, such as geo-coordinate location (e.g., X/Y or X/Y/Z coordinates) or Global Positioning System (GPS) location information or coarse wireless cell level location information. More than one format of location information may accompany step # 7 , if desired.
- geo-coordinate location e.g., X/Y or X/Y/Z coordinates
- GPS Global Positioning System
- Which respective PSAP 56 is selected for receiving the Emergency MO-SM is determined by an MSC using location information received via step # 6 in order to effect routing the Emergency MO-SM to a PSAP proximate to the location of the mobile communication unit 50 that originated the emergency services call.
- PSAP 56 sends a reply Short Message (SM) to mobile communication unit 50 and engages in an SM chat session (i.e., two-way duplex or half-duplex SM communication) with a caller using mobile communication unit 50 .
- PSAP 56 cooperates with ESMSU and MSC 52 to establish the necessary communication channels for carrying out the SM communications represented by step # 8 .
- Communication channels established pursuant to effecting steps # 5 and # 6 are employed in establishing channels required for effecting step # 8 , if desired.
- PSAP 56 updates location information pertaining to mobile communication unit 50 by placing a request for updated caller location information, as indicated by a step # 9 .
- ESMSU 54 requests location information relating to the caller (i.e., mobile communication unit 50 ) of the originating wireless network (e.g., See FIG. 1 ; originating wireless network 12 ) using whatever location technology may be supported by the extant network (indicated as step # 10 ). It is preferred that the most accurate location information available be obtained.
- MSC 52 provides location information to ESMSU 54 (indicated as step # 11 ). Updated location information is thereafter provided by ESMSU 54 to PSAP 56 , as indicated by a step # 12 .
- the step sequence # 9 -# 12 is repeated as often as desired or necessary to keep PSAP 56 apprised of the position of mobile communication unit 50 .
- step # 1 original emergency SM call
- step # 8 Such continuing communications may occur during the chat session that may be established in indicated step # 8 .
- SMS communications do not provide an indication of “end call”
- One indication of “end call” may involve designating a predetermined fixed time period between communication sessions or between succeeding SMs. By way of example and not by way of limitation, if a subsequent SM is sent more than 24 hours after a previous SM, the subsequent SM is considered as related to a new emergency situation. In such a situation, if mobile calling unit 50 has moved, a new PSAP may be assigned to the same emergency caller-mobile communication unit 50 based on the new location.
- a Mobile Location Center (MLC) (see, e.g., MLC 28 ; FIG. 1 ) and a Routing Data Base (RDB) (see, e.g., RDB 29 ; FIG. 1 ) may be coupled with MSC 52 for use by MSC 52 in determining location of a respective wireless communication unit 50 .
- MLC Mobile Location Center
- RDB Routing Data Base
- An MLC coupled with MSC 52 preferably embodies functions performed by other units known by those skilled in the art of telecommunication networks such as, by way of example and not by way of limitation, a Serving Mobile Location Center (SMLC), Position Determining Entity (PDE), a Gateway Mobile Location Center (GMLC), a Mobile Positioning Center (MPC), a Home Location Register (HLR) and a Visitors' Location Register (VLR).
- SMLC Serving Mobile Location Center
- PDE Position Determining Entity
- GMLC Gateway Mobile Location Center
- MPC Mobile Positioning Center
- HLR Home Location Register
- VLR Visitors' Location Register
- ESMSU Emergency Short Message Service Unit
- SMSC Short Message Service Center
- GMLC Gateway Mobile Location Center
- MPC Mobile Positioning Center
- ESMSU 54 is configured for recognizing and supporting special number SMS communications such as, by way of example and not by way of limitation, emergency service E9-1-1 communications.
- ESMSU 54 and MSC 52 may be employed alone or in combination to participate in determining location of mobile communication unit 50 to aid in selecting a particular PSAP 56 to which to route the MO-SM communication (step # 2 ). It is important to select a PSAP 56 located as proximate to location of mobile communication unit 50 as feasible so as to accommodate rapid response of emergency service personnel to the reported emergency.
- FIG. 3 is a flow diagram illustrating a method for handling special number calls using a text message format.
- a method 100 for handling special number calls placed from a calling instrument using a text messaging format begins at a START locus 102 .
- Method 100 continues with providing a plurality of message handling units, as indicated by a block 104 .
- Method 100 continues with coupling the plurality of message handling units in at least one communication network accessible by the calling instrument, as indicated by a block 106 .
- Method 100 continues with operating at least one selected message handling unit of the plurality of message handling units to recognize an extant call placed from the calling instrument in the text messaging call format using a special number, as indicated by a block 108 .
- Method 100 continues with operating the plurality of message handling units cooperatively to effect querying the calling instrument to ascertain a substantially pinpoint geographic location of the calling instrument substantially contemporaneously with the extant call, as indicated by a block 110 .
- Method 100 continues with operating the plurality of message handling units cooperatively to use the geographic location for routing the extant call to at least one selected special number answering station coupled with the at least one communication network and situated generally proximate with the geographic location, as indicated by a block 112 .
- Method 100 terminates at an END locus 114 .
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating representative call flows that may be employed with the system illustrated in FIG. 1 for accommodating a hearing impaired user.
- a mobile communication unit 150 places an emergency service Short Message Service (SMS) call, indicated as step # 1 , to a mobile switching center (MSC) 152 .
- MSC 152 places a Mobile Originated Short Message (MO-SM) call to at least one Emergency Short Message Service Unit(s) (ESMSU) 154 , indicated as step # 2 .
- Any call between MSC 152 and ESMSU 154 may be placed via one or more Signal Transfer Points, indicated in FIG. 2 by an STP 153 .
- the optional nature of participation by an STP in calls represented in FIG. 2 is indicated by depicting STP 153 using a dotted line format.
- ESMSU 154 then establishes a Mobile Terminated Short Message (MT-SM) communication channel with MSC 152 (indicated as step # 3 ) and MSC 152 establishes a Mobile Terminated Short Message (MT-SM) communication channel with mobile communication unit 150 (indicated as step # 4 ).
- the MT-SM communication channel established by steps # 3 and # 4 supports return SM communications to mobile communication unit 150 .
- Short Message communications from ESMSU 154 via MSC 152 to mobile communication unit 150 include a response communication to alert a user of mobile communication unit 150 that a return communication may be arriving soon via a voice communication channel, and requesting the caller to answer the voice communication. This use of the voice communication channel permits employment of a locating function that is exercised via the voice communication channel.
- the SM message response communication may be read by the caller so that the caller may be alerted to the impending arrival of a voice call.
- the hearing impaired caller may answer the voice call that might otherwise go unnoticed.
- Location functionality resident with and employed via the voice channel may then be employed to provide the location of mobile communication unit 150 .
- ESMSU 154 follows placement of the call involved in step # 3 by establishing a voice call communication channel with MSC 152 (indicated as step # 5 ) and MSC 152 establishes a voice call communication channel with mobile communication unit 150 (indicated as step # 6 ).
- the voice communication channel established by steps # 5 and # 6 supports return provision of location information such as, by way of example and not by way of limitation, Global Positioning System (GPS) information by mobile communication unit 150 .
- GPS Global Positioning System
- ESMSU 154 requests location information relating to the caller (i.e., mobile communication unit 150 ) of the originating wireless network 155 (e.g., see FIG. 1 ; originating wireless network 12 ) using whatever location technology may be supported by the extant originating wireless network 155 (indicated as step # 7 ) using the voice communication channel established pursuant to placing of calls related to steps # 5 and # 6 . It is preferred that the most accurate location information available be obtained.
- MSC 152 provides location information to ESMSU 154 (indicated as step # 8 ).
- ESMSU 154 places a voice call to mobile communication unit 150 so that by mobile communication unit 150 making a return voice emergency call, telecommunication system 10 (see FIG. 1 ) can obtain much better accurate location information (using the location technologies currently employed by system 10 ) than if mobile communication unit 150 makes a short message call. Because mobile communication unit 150 originated only a SHORT message emergency call, ESMSU 154 automatically places a voice call back to mobile communication unit 150 . In effect, steps # 5 - 8 operate for determining location of mobile communication unit 150 as though mobile communication unit 150 originally placed a voice emergency call. While the voice call (steps # 5 - 8 ) is in progress, system 10 can determinate the location of mobile 150 as if the mobile 150 made a voice emergency E9-1-1 call.
- step # 9 may include the emergency MO-SM received from mobile communication unit 150 plus pinpoint geographic information, such as X-Y location or GPS location information or coarse wireless cell level location information. More than one format of location information may accompany step # 9 , if desired.
- Which respective PSAP 156 is selected for receiving the Emergency MO-SM is determined by ESMSU 154 using location information received via step # 8 in order to effect routing the Emergency MO-SM to a PSAP proximate to the location of the mobile communication unit 150 that originated the emergency services call.
- RDB (Routing Data Base) 29 ( FIG. 1 ) is queried by ESMSU 154 (using location information such as X-Y location or GPS location information as a key) to ascertain which PSAP to which the extant emergency call should be routed.
- This location information query may be facilitated because SMSU 32 may have a direct connection to PSAP unit 40 (including PSAP 42 and SMS convert 44 ; FIG. 1 ).
- ESMSU 154 knows (by querying RDB 29 ) which PSAP to which the extant emergency call should be routed, ESMSU 154 can route the message directly to the identified PSAP without involving MSC 26 ( FIG. 1 ) in a call route between ESMSU 154 and the identified PSAP.
- PSAP 156 sends a reply Short Message (SM) to mobile communication unit 150 and engages in an SM chat session (i.e., two-way duplex or half-duplex SM communication) with a caller using mobile communication unit 150 .
- PSAP 156 cooperates with ESMSU 154 and MSC 152 to establish the necessary communication channels for carrying out the SM communications represented by step # 10 .
- Communication channels established earlier such as by way of example and not by way of limitation communication channels established pursuant to effecting steps # 3 and # 4 or steps # 5 and # 6 are employed in establishing channels required for effecting step # 10 , if desired.
- PSAP 156 updates location information pertaining to mobile communication unit 150 by placing a request for updated caller location information, as indicated by a step # 11 .
- ESMSU 154 requests location information relating to the caller (i.e., mobile communication unit 150 ) of the originating wireless network (e.g., See FIG. 1 ; originating wireless network 12 ).
- the request is effected by ESMSU 154 establishing a Mobile Terminated Short Message (MT-SM) communication channel with MSC 152 (indicated as step # 12 ) and MSC 152 establishes a Mobile Terminated Short Message (MT-SM) communication channel with mobile communication unit 150 (indicated as step # 13 ).
- MT-SM Mobile Terminated Short Message
- the MT-SM communication channel established by steps # 12 and # 13 support return SM communications to mobile communication unit 150 .
- Short Message communications from ESMSU 154 via MSC 152 to mobile communication unit 150 include a response communication to alert a user of mobile communication unit 150 that a return communication may be arriving soon via a voice communication channel, and requesting the caller to answer the voice communication.
- This use of the voice communication channel permits employment of a locating function that is exercised via the voice communication channel.
- the SM message response communication may be read by the caller so that the caller may be alerted to the impending arrival of a voice call.
- the hearing impaired caller may answer the voice call that might otherwise go unnoticed.
- Location functionality resident with and employed via the voice channel may then be employed to provide an updated location of mobile communication unit 150 .
- ESMSU 154 follows placement of a call associated with step # 12 by establishing a voice call communication channel with MSC 152 (indicated as step # 14 ) and MSC 152 establishes a voice call communication channel with mobile communication unit 150 (indicated as step # 15 ).
- the voice communication channel established by steps # 14 and # 15 supports return provision of location information such as, by way of example and not by way of limitation, Global Positioning System (GPS) information by mobile communication unit 150 .
- GPS Global Positioning System
- ESMSU 154 requests location information relating to the caller (i.e., mobile communication unit 150 ) of the originating wireless network 155 (e.g., see FIG. 1 ; originating wireless network 12 ) using whatever location technology may be supported by the extant originating wireless network 155 (indicated as step # 16 ) using the voice communication channel established pursuant to placing of steps # 14 and # 15 . It is preferred that the most accurate location information available be obtained.
- MSC 152 provides location information to ESMSU 154 (indicated as step # 17 ).
- step # 18 may include pinpoint geographic information, such as X-Y location or GPS location information or coarse wireless cell level location information. More than one format of location information may accompany step # 18 , if desired.
- the step sequence # 11 -# 12 may be repeated as often as desired or necessary to keep PSAP 156 apprised of the position of mobile communication unit 150 .
- step # 1 original emergency SM call
- PSAP 156 PSAP 156
- All SM communications sent from a particular caller may be routed to the same PSAP 156 , even if the caller may move.
- Such continuing communications may occur during the chat session that may be established in indicated step # 10 .
- SMS communications do not provide an indication of “end call”
- One indication of “end call” may involve designating a predetermined fixed time period between communication sessions or between succeeding SMs.
- a subsequent SM is sent more than 24 hours after a previous SM, the subsequent SM may be considered as related to a new emergency situation. In such a situation, if mobile calling unit 150 has moved, a new PSAP may be assigned to the same emergency caller-mobile communication unit 50 based on the new location.
- a Mobile Location Center (MLC) (see, e.g., MLC 28 ; FIG. 1 ) and a Routing Data Base (RDB) (see, e.g., RDB 29 ; FIG. 1 ) may be coupled with MSC 152 for use by MSC 152 in determining location of a respective wireless communication unit 150 .
- MLC Mobile Location Center
- RDB Routing Data Base
- An MLC coupled with MSC 152 may embody functions performed by other units known by those skilled in the art of telecommunication networks such as, by way of example and not by way of limitation, a Serving Mobile Location Center (SMLC), Position Determining Entity (PDE), a Gateway Mobile Location Center (GMLC), a Mobile Positioning Center (MPC), a Home Location Register (HLR) and a Visitors' Location Register (VLR).
- SMLC Serving Mobile Location Center
- PDE Position Determining Entity
- GMLC Gateway Mobile Location Center
- MPC Mobile Positioning Center
- HLR Home Location Register
- VLR Visitors' Location Register
- Emergency Short Message Service Unit (ESMSU) 154 may embody functions performed by other units known by those skilled in the art of telecommunication networks such as, by way of example and not by way of limitation, a Short Message Service Center (SMSC), a Gateway Mobile Location Center (GMLC) and a Mobile Positioning Center (MPC). ESMSU 154 may be configured for recognizing and supporting special number SMS communications such as, by way of example and not by way of limitation, emergency service E9-1-1 communications.
- SMSSC Short Message Service Center
- GMLC Gateway Mobile Location Center
- MPC Mobile Positioning Center
- ESMSU 154 and MSC 152 may be employed alone or in combination to participate in determining location of mobile communication unit 150 to aid in selecting a particular PSAP 156 to which to route the MO-SM communication (step # 2 ). It is important to select a PSAP 156 located as proximate to location of mobile communication unit 150 as feasible so as to accommodate rapid response of emergency service personnel to the reported emergency.
- FIG. 5 is a flow diagram illustrating a method for handling special number calls using a text message format for a hearing impaired user.
- a method 200 for treating special number calls placed from a calling instrument using a text messaging format begins at a START locus 202 .
- Method 200 continues with providing a plurality of message handling units, as indicated by a block 204 .
- Method 200 continues with coupling the plurality of message handling units in at least one communication network accessible by the calling instrument, as indicated by a block 206 .
- Method 200 continues with operating at least one selected message handling unit of the plurality of message handling units to recognize an extant call placed using a special number from the calling instrument in a first text messaging format, as indicated by a block 208 .
- Method 200 continues with operating the plurality of message handling units cooperatively to effect conveying a response communication to the calling instrument substantially when the extant call is detected, as indicated by a block 210 .
- the response communication alerts a user of the calling instrument to a return communication.
- the response communication may be presented in a second text messaging format.
- Method 200 continues with operating the plurality of message handling units cooperatively to effect conveying the return communication to the calling instrument via a return communication channel supporting at least one locating function, as indicated by a block 212 .
- Method 200 continues with operating the calling instrument to employ the locating function to provide a substantially pinpoint geographic location of the calling instrument to at least one receiving message handling unit of the plurality of message handling units via the return communication channel, as indicated by a block 214 .
- Method 200 terminates at an END locus 216 .
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Abstract
Description
- The present invention is directed to telecommunication systems, and especially to handling special number calls using text message format with an automatic location function.
- Special number services such as, by way of example and not by way of limitation, the Emergency Service E9-1-1 network in the United States, were implemented primarily in a voice network. The relatively recent introduction of text message (also referred to as text messaging) formats conveyed via voice networks has provided additional capabilities for the E9-1-1 network as well as other special number networks. For example, deaf persons may access the E9-1-1 network using a text messaging format without special equipment or connections to a special network. Similarly, when a calling station is unattended (e.g., a mobile station such as a CAN (Automatic Collision Notification) system), an emergency notification message may be automatically provided via a network in a text messaging format.
- Text messaging communication may employ a format such as Short Message Service (SMS) or Unstructured Supplementary Service Data (USSD) and may be conveyed using control channels or other communication channels associated with a telecommunication network. By way of example and not by way of limitation, telecommunication networks may employ various types of signaling in various channels of communication to effect the desired routing, connection, packetizing and other functions associated with carrying out desired communications. By way of example and not by way of limitation, a switching protocol known as Signaling System-7 (SS-7) may be employed for supporting such network functions as call-establishment, billing, routing, and information exchange functions in a Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN). SS-7 may identify functions to be performed by a signaling system PSTN and a protocol to enable performance of the identified functions. SS-7 may be used to support communications using a text messaging format.
- Text messaging formats, such as by way of example and not by way of limitation, SMS format, may permit transmission of alphanumeric messages between a mobile subscriber and external systems such as electronic mail, paging, voice mail systems and special number systems (e.g., Emergency Service Systems). To date, there has not been a “marriage” of special number dialing and text message format messages. That is, until now one who desired to communicate with a special number system, such as an Emergency Service system, using a test messaging format had to dial a seven- or ten-digit number to reach a responsive entity. For example, one would have to dial a seven- or ten-digit number to reach a Public Safety Answering Position (PSAP; sometimes referred to as a Public Safety Answering Point) using a text messaging format in order to report an emergency situation requiring assistance. One could not dial a shortened calling number when employing a text messaging format to reach a PSAP, such as by way of example and not by way of limitation dialing “9-1-1”.
- Further, special number calling systems have originated and developed based upon an assumption that the origination locus of a special number call is known prior to the initiation of the call. This presumption has traditionally been correct because the specific address and location at an address is associated with every telephone number that supports fully capable special number calling.
- Known location information is preferably used to route E9-1-1 calls to an appropriate PSAP near the origin of the call. The same information may be used by the PSAP to support the emergency response to the call, such as dispatching fire, police or emergency medical personnel and equipment and for call back to the call originator if necessary. However, origin of a special number call is often not known when the call is placed using a mobile phone.
- If location information relating to a mobile phone provides only coarse mobile network cell-level granularity to an E9-1-1 PSAP, police or emergency service personnel may go to a location indicated for a particular phone number and find that they have arrived at a large office building or at a widespread college campus with no means available for locating the caller with greater accuracy. Valuable time may be spent in finding the particular locus of the caller to render the required assistance. Such delays can be life threatening in the case of emergency service calls.
- Location technologies have more recently been developed, such as GPS (Global Positioning Satellite) technology to assist in locating mobile phones. However, to date there has been no “marriage” of locating technology with special number calling using text messaging format. That is, no system or method has been available to user so far permitting conveyance of location information from a mobile caller to a called party when using a text messaging format.
- Short Message System or other textual format messaging communications may be advantageous in situations where a caller cannot advantageously utilize voice calling, such as, by way of example and not by way of limitation, when employed by a hearing impaired user. It remains important for hearing impaired users as well as hearing users to be able to route a Short Message (SM) special number call to a proximate special number answering station. That is, by way of example and not by way of limitation, to be able to route an emergency call to a PSAP that is proximate to the location of the mobile unit employed by the caller. Such proximate routing permits a greater likelihood of timely provision of emergency services where they are needed. The problem is that presently deployed systems that are capable of providing accurate location information for a mobile communication unit utilize voice communication channels for conveying the geographic information. As a result, an unattended voice channel for a mobile call, such as when a hearing impaired user places a call, may not avail the called network access of accurate location information relating to the mobile calling station.
- There is a need for a system and method for handling special number calls with an automatic location function that recognizes a shortened calling number using a text message format and that is capable of providing location information relating to the mobile calling unit used to place the call.
- A system for treating special number calls placed from a calling instrument using a text messaging format; the system including: a plurality of message handling units configured in at least one communication network accessible by the calling instrument. At least one selected message handling unit operates to recognize an extant call placed using a special number from the calling instrument in a first the text messaging format. The message handling units cooperate to effect conveying a response communication to the calling instrument when the extant call is detected. The response communication alerts a user of the calling instrument to a return communication conveyed via a return communication channel supporting at least one locating function. The calling instrument employs the locating function to provide a substantially pinpoint geographic location of the calling instrument to at least one receiving message handling unit via the return communication channel.
- A method for treating special number calls placed from a calling instrument using a text messaging format includes: (a) providing a plurality of message handling units; (b) coupling the plurality of message handling units in at least one communication network accessible by the calling instrument; (c) operating at least one selected message handling unit of the plurality of message handling units to recognize an extant call placed using a special number from the calling instrument in a first the text messaging format; (d) operating the plurality of message handling units cooperatively to effect conveying a response communication to the calling instrument substantially when the extant call is detected; the response communication alerting a user of the calling instrument to a return communication; (e) operating the plurality of message handling units cooperatively to effect conveying the return communication to the calling instrument via a return communication channel supporting at least one locating function; and (f) operating the calling instrument to employ the locating function to provide a substantially pinpoint geographic location of the calling instrument to at least one receiving message handling unit of the plurality of message handling units via the return communication channel.
- It is, therefore a feature of the present invention to provide a system and method for handling special number calls with an automatic location function that recognizes a shortened calling number using a text message format and that is capable of providing location information relating to the mobile calling unit used to place the call.
- Further features of the present invention will be apparent from the following specification and claims when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which like elements are labeled using like reference numerals in the various figures, illustrating the preferred embodiments of the invention.
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FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a system for handling special number calls using a text message format. -
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating representative call flows that may be employed with the system illustrated inFIG. 1 . -
FIG. 3 is a flow diagram illustrating a method for handling special number calls using a text message format. -
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating representative call flows that may be employed with the system illustrated inFIG. 1 for accommodating a hearing impaired user. -
FIG. 5 is a flow diagram illustrating a method for handling special number calls using a text message format for a hearing impaired user. - For purposes of illustration, by way of example and not by way of limitation, the present invention will be discussed in the context of an emergency service network in the United States, commonly referred to as an E9-1-1 network. The teachings of the present invention are equally applicable, useful and novel in other special number calling systems, such as maintenance service networks, college campus security networks and other networks.
- In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the invention. However, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, components and circuits have not been described in detail so as not to obscure the present invention.
- When the terms “coupled” and “connected”, along with their derivatives, are used herein, it should be understood that these terms are not intended as synonyms for each other. Rather, in particular embodiments, “connected” is used to indicate that two or more elements are in direct physical or electrical contact with each other. “Coupled” is used to indicated that two or more elements are in either direct or indirect (with other intervening elements between them) physical or electrical contact with each other, or that the two or more elements co-operate or interact with each other (e.g., as in a cause-and-effect relationship).
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FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a system for handling special number calls using a text message format. InFIG. 1 , asystem 10 for handling wireless special number calls, such as wireless Emergency Service E9-1-1 calls, includes an originatingwireless network section 12, alocation server section 14 and alocation client section 16. - Originating
wireless network section 12 includes a plurality of wireless phones 20 1, 20 2, 20 n in communication with a plurality of wireless communication antennas 22 1, 22 2, 22 m and an associated plurality of Base Station Controllers (BSC) 24 1, 24 2, 24 s.Wireless network 12 may be implemented in any configuration using any protocol or standard. In a preferred embodiment,wireless network 12 is implemented according to the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM; also sometimes referred to as Groupe Speciale Mobile) standard. The indicators “n”, “m” and “s” are employed to signify that there can be any number of wireless phones, wireless communication antennas and BSCs in originatingwireless network section 10. The inclusion of three wireless phones 20 1, 20 2, 20 n; three wireless communication antennas 22 1, 22 2, 22 m and three BSCs 24 1, 24 2, 24 s inFIG. 1 is illustrative only and does not constitute any limitation regarding the number of wireless phones, wireless communication antennas and BSCs that may be included in an originatingwireless network section 10 in the present invention. Moreover, it is not required that the numbers of wireless phones, wireless communication antennas and BSCs be equal. - Originating
wireless network section 12 also includes at least one Mobile Switching Center (MSC) 26 coupled with base station controllers (BSC) 24 1, 24 2, 24 s. A Mobile Location Center (MLC) 28 and a Routing Data Base (RDB) 29 are coupled withMSC 26 for use byMSC 26 in determining location of a respective wireless phone 20 n. -
MLC 28 preferably embodies functions performed by other units known by those skilled in the art of telecommunication networks such as, by way of example and not by way of limitation, a Serving Mobile Location Center (SMLC), Position Determining Entity (PDE), a Gateway Mobile Location Center (GMLC), a Mobile Positioning Center (MPC), a Home Location Register (HLR) and a Visitors' Location Register (VLR). -
Location server section 14 includes acommunication network 30 coupled withMSC 26, a Short Message Service Unit (SMSU) 32 coupled withcommunication network 30 and a PSAP Mobile Switching Center (MSC) 34 coupled withcommunication network 30.SMSU 32 embodies functions performed by other units known by those skilled in the art of telecommunication networks such as, by way of example and not by way of limitation, a Short Message Service Center (SMSC), a Gateway Mobile Location Center (GMLC) and a Mobile Positioning Center (MPC).SMSU 32 is configured for recognizing and supporting special number SMS communications such as, by way of example and not by way of limitation, emergency service E9-1-1 communications. -
Location client section 16 includes a publicsafety answering unit 40. Publicsafety answering unit 40 includes aPSAP 42 configured for handling emergency Short Message Service (SMS) communications and coupled withMSC 34. Alternatively,PSAP 42 may not be configured for handling SMS communications, and publicservice answering unit 40 may also include anSMS converting unit 42 coupled withPSAP 42 for converting SMS communications to voice or data communications, or both voice and data communications, or voice format and visual format communications for use byPSAP 42.SMS converting unit 44 is coupled withMSC 34 when installed.Location client section 16 is configured withPSAP 40 coupled withMSC 34 for voice communications (indicated by a broken line inFIG. 1 ) and withSMS converting unit 44 coupled withMSC 34 for SMS communications (indicated by a solid line inFIG. 1 ). -
MSC 34 is configured in a manner similar to configuration ofMSC 26 and coupled for serving publicsafety answering unit 40.MSC 34 is also coupled for serving communication stations or units other than publicsafety answering unit 40. - A particular wireless phone 20 n may thus establish a call
route traversing system 10 via an antenna 22 m and associated BSC 24 s viaMSC 26,communication network 30 andMSC 34 to publicsafety answering unit 40. ForPSAP 42 not configured for handling emergency SMS communications,SMS converting unit 44 may be included in a call route leading toPSAP 42. - Alternatively, a call route may be established from
communication network 30 toPSAP 42 viaSMSU 32, as indicated by a connection betweenSMSU 32 andPSAP 42 in a broken line format. Further, a call route may be established fromcommunication network 30 toPSAP 42 viaSMS converting unit 44 ifPSAP 42 is not configured for handling emergency SMS communications. By way of example and not by way of limitation, communications betweenSMSU 32 and public safety answering unit 40 (i.e., either or both ofPSAP 42 and SMS converting unit 44) may be carried out using Internet Protocol (IP) communications. -
PSAP 42 may be embodied in a mobile handset (similar to a wireless phone 20 n). In such an arrangement, one or more antenna (similar to antenna 22 m) and BSC (similar to BSC 24 s) may, by way of example and not by way of limitation, be included in a call route betweenMSC 34 and publicsafety answering unit 40. Employment of such additional participating elements in call routing will be understood by one skilled in the art of special number communication system design. Such additional elements are not included inFIG. 1 so as to avoid clutteringFIG. 1 . -
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating representative call flows that may be employed with the system illustrated inFIG. 1 . InFIG. 2 , a mobile communication unit 50 places an emergency service Short Message Service (SMS) call, indicated asstep # 1, to a mobile switching center (MSC) 52.MSC 52 places a Mobile Originated Short Message (MO-SM) call to at least one Emergency Short Message Service Unit(s) (ESMSU) 54, indicated asstep # 2. Any call betweenMSC 52 and ESMSU 54 (including calls involved insteps FIG. 2 by anSTP 53. The optional nature of participation by an STP in calls represented inFIG. 2 is indicated by depictingSTP 53 using a dotted line format. -
ESMSU 54 then establishes a Mobile Terminated Short Message (MT-SM) communication channel with MSC 52 (indicated as step #3) andMSC 32 establishes a Mobile Terminated Short Message (MT-SM) communication channel with mobile communication unit 50 (indicated asstep # 4. The MT-SM established bystep # 4 supports SM communications with mobile communication unit 50. -
ESMSU 54 thereafter requests location information relating to the caller (i.e., mobile communication unit 50) of the originating wireless network 55 (e.g., SeeFIG. 1 ; originating wireless network 12) using whatever location technology may be supported by the extant originating wireless network 55 (indicated asstep # 5. It is preferred that the most accurate location information available be obtained.MSC 52 provides location information to ESMSU 54 (indicated as step #6). -
ESMSU 54 thereafter provides the emergency MO-SM received from mobile communication unit 50 (step #1) to a Public Safety Answering Position (PSAP) 56 accompanied by location information relating to position of the originating caller at mobile communication unit 50 (indicated as step #7). In an embodiment of the invention,step # 7 includes the emergency MO-SM received from mobile communication unit 50 plus pinpoint geographic information, such as geo-coordinate location (e.g., X/Y or X/Y/Z coordinates) or Global Positioning System (GPS) location information or coarse wireless cell level location information. More than one format of location information may accompanystep # 7, if desired. - Which
respective PSAP 56 is selected for receiving the Emergency MO-SM is determined by an MSC using location information received viastep # 6 in order to effect routing the Emergency MO-SM to a PSAP proximate to the location of the mobile communication unit 50 that originated the emergency services call. -
PSAP 56 sends a reply Short Message (SM) to mobile communication unit 50 and engages in an SM chat session (i.e., two-way duplex or half-duplex SM communication) with a caller using mobile communication unit 50.PSAP 56 cooperates with ESMSU andMSC 52 to establish the necessary communication channels for carrying out the SM communications represented bystep # 8. Communication channels established pursuant to effectingsteps # 5 and #6 are employed in establishing channels required for effectingstep # 8, if desired. -
PSAP 56 updates location information pertaining to mobile communication unit 50 by placing a request for updated caller location information, as indicated by astep # 9. In response to such a request for updated location information, ESMSU54 requests location information relating to the caller (i.e., mobile communication unit 50) of the originating wireless network (e.g., SeeFIG. 1 ; originating wireless network 12) using whatever location technology may be supported by the extant network (indicated as step #10). It is preferred that the most accurate location information available be obtained.MSC 52 provides location information to ESMSU 54 (indicated as step #11). Updated location information is thereafter provided byESMSU 54 toPSAP 56, as indicated by astep # 12. The step sequence #9 -#12 is repeated as often as desired or necessary to keepPSAP 56 apprised of the position of mobile communication unit 50. - It may be desirable to ensure that subsequent SM communications following step #1 (original emergency SM call) so that all SM communications sent from a particular caller may be routed to the
same PSAP 56, even if the caller may move. Such continuing communications may occur during the chat session that may be established inindicated step # 8. Because SMS communications do not provide an indication of “end call”, it may be desirable to provide an indication that an emergency has ended. One indication of “end call” may involve designating a predetermined fixed time period between communication sessions or between succeeding SMs. By way of example and not by way of limitation, if a subsequent SM is sent more than 24 hours after a previous SM, the subsequent SM is considered as related to a new emergency situation. In such a situation, if mobile calling unit 50 has moved, a new PSAP may be assigned to the same emergency caller-mobile communication unit 50 based on the new location. - A Mobile Location Center (MLC) (see, e.g.,
MLC 28;FIG. 1 ) and a Routing Data Base (RDB) (see, e.g.,RDB 29;FIG. 1 ) may be coupled withMSC 52 for use byMSC 52 in determining location of a respective wireless communication unit 50. - An MLC coupled with
MSC 52 preferably embodies functions performed by other units known by those skilled in the art of telecommunication networks such as, by way of example and not by way of limitation, a Serving Mobile Location Center (SMLC), Position Determining Entity (PDE), a Gateway Mobile Location Center (GMLC), a Mobile Positioning Center (MPC), a Home Location Register (HLR) and a Visitors' Location Register (VLR). - Emergency Short Message Service Unit (ESMSU) 54 embodies functions performed by other units known by those skilled in the art of telecommunication networks such as, by way of example and not by way of limitation, a Short Message Service Center (SMSC), a Gateway Mobile Location Center (GMLC) and a Mobile Positioning Center (MPC).
ESMSU 54 is configured for recognizing and supporting special number SMS communications such as, by way of example and not by way of limitation, emergency service E9-1-1 communications. - Any portions or associated elements of
ESMSU 54 andMSC 52 may be employed alone or in combination to participate in determining location of mobile communication unit 50 to aid in selecting aparticular PSAP 56 to which to route the MO-SM communication (step #2). It is important to select aPSAP 56 located as proximate to location of mobile communication unit 50 as feasible so as to accommodate rapid response of emergency service personnel to the reported emergency. -
FIG. 3 is a flow diagram illustrating a method for handling special number calls using a text message format. InFIG. 3 , amethod 100 for handling special number calls placed from a calling instrument using a text messaging format begins at aSTART locus 102.Method 100 continues with providing a plurality of message handling units, as indicated by ablock 104. -
Method 100 continues with coupling the plurality of message handling units in at least one communication network accessible by the calling instrument, as indicated by ablock 106. -
Method 100 continues with operating at least one selected message handling unit of the plurality of message handling units to recognize an extant call placed from the calling instrument in the text messaging call format using a special number, as indicated by ablock 108. -
Method 100 continues with operating the plurality of message handling units cooperatively to effect querying the calling instrument to ascertain a substantially pinpoint geographic location of the calling instrument substantially contemporaneously with the extant call, as indicated by ablock 110. -
Method 100 continues with operating the plurality of message handling units cooperatively to use the geographic location for routing the extant call to at least one selected special number answering station coupled with the at least one communication network and situated generally proximate with the geographic location, as indicated by ablock 112.Method 100 terminates at anEND locus 114. -
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating representative call flows that may be employed with the system illustrated inFIG. 1 for accommodating a hearing impaired user. InFIG. 4 , amobile communication unit 150 places an emergency service Short Message Service (SMS) call, indicated asstep # 1, to a mobile switching center (MSC) 152.MSC 152 places a Mobile Originated Short Message (MO-SM) call to at least one Emergency Short Message Service Unit(s) (ESMSU) 154, indicated asstep # 2. Any call betweenMSC 152 and ESMSU 154 (including calls involved insteps FIG. 2 by anSTP 153. The optional nature of participation by an STP in calls represented inFIG. 2 is indicated by depictingSTP 153 using a dotted line format. -
ESMSU 154 then establishes a Mobile Terminated Short Message (MT-SM) communication channel with MSC 152 (indicated as step #3) andMSC 152 establishes a Mobile Terminated Short Message (MT-SM) communication channel with mobile communication unit 150 (indicated as step #4). The MT-SM communication channel established bysteps # 3 and #4 supports return SM communications tomobile communication unit 150. Short Message communications fromESMSU 154 viaMSC 152 tomobile communication unit 150 include a response communication to alert a user ofmobile communication unit 150 that a return communication may be arriving soon via a voice communication channel, and requesting the caller to answer the voice communication. This use of the voice communication channel permits employment of a locating function that is exercised via the voice communication channel. If the caller (i.e., the user of mobile communication unit 150) is hearing impaired, by way of example and not by way of limitation, the SM message response communication (steps # 3 and #4) may be read by the caller so that the caller may be alerted to the impending arrival of a voice call. By alerting the caller to a return communication arriving via a voice channel, the hearing impaired caller may answer the voice call that might otherwise go unnoticed. Location functionality resident with and employed via the voice channel may then be employed to provide the location ofmobile communication unit 150. -
ESMSU 154 follows placement of the call involved instep # 3 by establishing a voice call communication channel with MSC 152 (indicated as step #5) andMSC 152 establishes a voice call communication channel with mobile communication unit 150 (indicated as step #6). The voice communication channel established bysteps # 5 and #6 supports return provision of location information such as, by way of example and not by way of limitation, Global Positioning System (GPS) information bymobile communication unit 150. -
ESMSU 154 requests location information relating to the caller (i.e., mobile communication unit 150) of the originating wireless network 155 (e.g., seeFIG. 1 ; originating wireless network 12) using whatever location technology may be supported by the extant originating wireless network 155 (indicated as step #7) using the voice communication channel established pursuant to placing of calls related tosteps # 5 and #6. It is preferred that the most accurate location information available be obtained.MSC 152 provides location information to ESMSU 154 (indicated as step #8). -
ESMSU 154 places a voice call tomobile communication unit 150 so that bymobile communication unit 150 making a return voice emergency call, telecommunication system 10 (seeFIG. 1 ) can obtain much better accurate location information (using the location technologies currently employed by system 10) than ifmobile communication unit 150 makes a short message call. Becausemobile communication unit 150 originated only a SHORT message emergency call,ESMSU 154 automatically places a voice call back tomobile communication unit 150. In effect, steps #5-8 operate for determining location ofmobile communication unit 150 as thoughmobile communication unit 150 originally placed a voice emergency call. While the voice call (steps #5-8) is in progress,system 10 can determinate the location of mobile 150 as if the mobile 150 made a voice emergency E9-1-1 call. -
ESMSU 154 thereafter provides the emergency MO-SM received from mobile communication unit 150 (step #1) to a Public Safety Answering Position (PSAP) 156 accompanied by location information relating to position of the originating caller at mobile communication unit 150 (indicated as step #9). In an embodiment of the invention,step # 9 may include the emergency MO-SM received frommobile communication unit 150 plus pinpoint geographic information, such as X-Y location or GPS location information or coarse wireless cell level location information. More than one format of location information may accompanystep # 9, if desired. - Which
respective PSAP 156 is selected for receiving the Emergency MO-SM is determined byESMSU 154 using location information received viastep # 8 in order to effect routing the Emergency MO-SM to a PSAP proximate to the location of themobile communication unit 150 that originated the emergency services call. - RDB (Routing Data Base) 29 (
FIG. 1 ) is queried by ESMSU 154 (using location information such as X-Y location or GPS location information as a key) to ascertain which PSAP to which the extant emergency call should be routed. This location information query may be facilitated becauseSMSU 32 may have a direct connection to PSAP unit 40 (includingPSAP 42 and SMS convert 44;FIG. 1 ). OnceESMSU 154 knows (by querying RDB 29) which PSAP to which the extant emergency call should be routed,ESMSU 154 can route the message directly to the identified PSAP without involving MSC 26 (FIG. 1 ) in a call route betweenESMSU 154 and the identified PSAP. -
PSAP 156 sends a reply Short Message (SM) tomobile communication unit 150 and engages in an SM chat session (i.e., two-way duplex or half-duplex SM communication) with a caller usingmobile communication unit 150.PSAP 156 cooperates withESMSU 154 andMSC 152 to establish the necessary communication channels for carrying out the SM communications represented bystep # 10. Communication channels established earlier, such as by way of example and not by way of limitation communication channels established pursuant to effectingsteps # 3 and #4 orsteps # 5 and #6 are employed in establishing channels required for effectingstep # 10, if desired. -
PSAP 156 updates location information pertaining tomobile communication unit 150 by placing a request for updated caller location information, as indicated by astep # 11. In response to such a request for updated location information,ESMSU 154 requests location information relating to the caller (i.e., mobile communication unit 150) of the originating wireless network (e.g., SeeFIG. 1 ; originating wireless network 12). The request is effected byESMSU 154 establishing a Mobile Terminated Short Message (MT-SM) communication channel with MSC 152 (indicated as step #12) andMSC 152 establishes a Mobile Terminated Short Message (MT-SM) communication channel with mobile communication unit 150 (indicated as step #13). The MT-SM communication channel established bysteps # 12 and #13 support return SM communications tomobile communication unit 150. Short Message communications fromESMSU 154 viaMSC 152 tomobile communication unit 150 include a response communication to alert a user ofmobile communication unit 150 that a return communication may be arriving soon via a voice communication channel, and requesting the caller to answer the voice communication. This use of the voice communication channel permits employment of a locating function that is exercised via the voice communication channel. If the caller (i.e., the user of mobile communication unit 150) is hearing impaired, by way of example and not by way of limitation, the SM message response communication (steps # 12 and #13) may be read by the caller so that the caller may be alerted to the impending arrival of a voice call. By alerting the caller to a return communication arriving via a voice channel, the hearing impaired caller may answer the voice call that might otherwise go unnoticed. Location functionality resident with and employed via the voice channel may then be employed to provide an updated location ofmobile communication unit 150. -
ESMSU 154 follows placement of a call associated withstep # 12 by establishing a voice call communication channel with MSC 152 (indicated as step #14) andMSC 152 establishes a voice call communication channel with mobile communication unit 150 (indicated as step #15). The voice communication channel established bysteps # 14 and #15 supports return provision of location information such as, by way of example and not by way of limitation, Global Positioning System (GPS) information bymobile communication unit 150. -
ESMSU 154 requests location information relating to the caller (i.e., mobile communication unit 150) of the originating wireless network 155 (e.g., seeFIG. 1 ; originating wireless network 12) using whatever location technology may be supported by the extant originating wireless network 155 (indicated as step #16) using the voice communication channel established pursuant to placing ofsteps # 14 and #15. It is preferred that the most accurate location information available be obtained.MSC 152 provides location information to ESMSU 154 (indicated as step #17). -
ESMSU 154 thereafter provides updated location information relating tomobile communication unit 150 to PSAP 156 (indicated as step #18). In an embodiment of the invention,step # 18 may include pinpoint geographic information, such as X-Y location or GPS location information or coarse wireless cell level location information. More than one format of location information may accompanystep # 18, if desired. - The step sequence #11-#12 may be repeated as often as desired or necessary to keep
PSAP 156 apprised of the position ofmobile communication unit 150. - It may be desirable to ensure that subsequent SM communications following step #1 (original emergency SM call) continue to be routed to
PSAP 156 so that all SM communications sent from a particular caller may be routed to thesame PSAP 156, even if the caller may move. Such continuing communications may occur during the chat session that may be established inindicated step # 10. Because SMS communications do not provide an indication of “end call”, it may be desirable to provide an indication that an emergency has ended. One indication of “end call” may involve designating a predetermined fixed time period between communication sessions or between succeeding SMs. By way of example and not by way of limitation, if a subsequent SM is sent more than 24 hours after a previous SM, the subsequent SM may be considered as related to a new emergency situation. In such a situation, ifmobile calling unit 150 has moved, a new PSAP may be assigned to the same emergency caller-mobile communication unit 50 based on the new location. - A Mobile Location Center (MLC) (see, e.g.,
MLC 28;FIG. 1 ) and a Routing Data Base (RDB) (see, e.g.,RDB 29;FIG. 1 ) may be coupled withMSC 152 for use byMSC 152 in determining location of a respectivewireless communication unit 150. - An MLC coupled with
MSC 152 may embody functions performed by other units known by those skilled in the art of telecommunication networks such as, by way of example and not by way of limitation, a Serving Mobile Location Center (SMLC), Position Determining Entity (PDE), a Gateway Mobile Location Center (GMLC), a Mobile Positioning Center (MPC), a Home Location Register (HLR) and a Visitors' Location Register (VLR). - Emergency Short Message Service Unit (ESMSU) 154 may embody functions performed by other units known by those skilled in the art of telecommunication networks such as, by way of example and not by way of limitation, a Short Message Service Center (SMSC), a Gateway Mobile Location Center (GMLC) and a Mobile Positioning Center (MPC).
ESMSU 154 may be configured for recognizing and supporting special number SMS communications such as, by way of example and not by way of limitation, emergency service E9-1-1 communications. - Any portions or associated elements of
ESMSU 154 andMSC 152 may be employed alone or in combination to participate in determining location ofmobile communication unit 150 to aid in selecting aparticular PSAP 156 to which to route the MO-SM communication (step #2). It is important to select aPSAP 156 located as proximate to location ofmobile communication unit 150 as feasible so as to accommodate rapid response of emergency service personnel to the reported emergency. -
FIG. 5 is a flow diagram illustrating a method for handling special number calls using a text message format for a hearing impaired user. InFIG. 5 , amethod 200 for treating special number calls placed from a calling instrument using a text messaging format begins at aSTART locus 202.Method 200 continues with providing a plurality of message handling units, as indicated by ablock 204.Method 200 continues with coupling the plurality of message handling units in at least one communication network accessible by the calling instrument, as indicated by ablock 206. -
Method 200 continues with operating at least one selected message handling unit of the plurality of message handling units to recognize an extant call placed using a special number from the calling instrument in a first text messaging format, as indicated by ablock 208. -
Method 200 continues with operating the plurality of message handling units cooperatively to effect conveying a response communication to the calling instrument substantially when the extant call is detected, as indicated by ablock 210. The response communication alerts a user of the calling instrument to a return communication. The response communication may be presented in a second text messaging format. -
Method 200 continues with operating the plurality of message handling units cooperatively to effect conveying the return communication to the calling instrument via a return communication channel supporting at least one locating function, as indicated by ablock 212. -
Method 200 continues with operating the calling instrument to employ the locating function to provide a substantially pinpoint geographic location of the calling instrument to at least one receiving message handling unit of the plurality of message handling units via the return communication channel, as indicated by ablock 214. -
Method 200 terminates at anEND locus 216. - It is to be understood that, while the detailed drawings and specific examples given describe embodiments of the invention, they are for the purpose of illustration only, that the system and method of the invention are not limited to the precise details and conditions disclosed and that various changes may be made therein without departing from the spirit of the invention which is defined by the following claims:
Claims (20)
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