US20090000792A1 - Retrievable bridge plug - Google Patents
Retrievable bridge plug Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20090000792A1 US20090000792A1 US12/144,403 US14440308A US2009000792A1 US 20090000792 A1 US20090000792 A1 US 20090000792A1 US 14440308 A US14440308 A US 14440308A US 2009000792 A1 US2009000792 A1 US 2009000792A1
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- bridge plug
- mandrel assembly
- tool
- mandrel
- plug
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
- E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
- E21B33/12—Packers; Plugs
- E21B33/1204—Packers; Plugs permanent; drillable
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
- E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
- E21B33/13—Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices, or the like
- E21B33/134—Bridging plugs
Definitions
- Bridge plugs are particularly useful in accomplishing operations such as isolating perforations in one portion of a well from perforations in another portion, or for isolating the bottom of a well from a wellhead.
- the purpose of the plug is simply to isolate some portion of the well from another portion of the well.
- the bridge plug may not necessarily be used for isolation, but may be used, for example, to create a cement plug in the wellbore.
- the bridge plug may be temporary or permanent; if temporary, it must be removable.
- Bridge plugs may be drillable or retrievable. Drillable bridge plugs are typically constructed of a brittle metal such as cast iron that can be drilled out.
- a brittle metal such as cast iron that can be drilled out.
- Retrievable bridge plugs typically have anchor and sealing elements that engage and secure it to the casing wall.
- a retrieving tool is lowered into the casing to engage a retrieving latch, which, through a retrieving mechanism, retracts the anchor and sealing elements, allowing the bridge plug to be pulled out of the wellbore.
- a common problem with retrievable bridge plugs is the accumulation of debris on the top of the plug, which may make it difficult or impossible to engage the retrieving latch to remove the plug. Such debris accumulation may also adversely affect the relative movement of various parts within the bridge plug.
- One embodiment of the present invention provides a bridge plug for isolating portions of a downhole casing comprising a retrievable upper mandrel assembly and a lower mandrel assembly coupled to the upper mandrel assembly, wherein the lower mandrel assembly comprises a drillable material.
- FIG. 1A is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of one embodiment of a bridge plug according to the present invention.
- FIG. 1B is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the upper mandrel assembly of FIG. 1A ;
- FIG. 1C is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the lower mandrel assembly of FIG. 1A ;
- FIG. 2A is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the bridge plug of FIG. 1A in the set position
- FIG. 2B is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the upper mandrel assembly of FIG. 2A ;
- FIG. 2C is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the lower mandrel assembly of FIG. 2A ;
- FIG. 3A is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a second embodiment of a bridge plug according to the present invention.
- FIG. 3B is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the upper mandrel assembly of FIG. 3A ;
- FIG. 3C is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the lower mandrel assembly of FIG. 3A ;
- FIG. 4A is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the bridge plug of FIG. 3A in the set position
- FIG. 4B is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the upper mandrel assembly of FIG. 4A ;
- FIG. 4C is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the lower mandrel assembly of FIG. 4A ;
- FIG. 5 is a flow diagram illustrating a method of retrieving the bridge plug of the present invention from a wellbore.
- the present invention aims to provide an improved bridge plug that is both retrievable and drillable.
- Existing bridge plugs that are either retrievable or drillable individually suffer from respective shortcomings related to plug setting and removal.
- the present invention provides a retrievable bridge plug having several drillable components, preferably made of composite materials, and therefore it may be retrieved, drilled, or both for removal as need dictates.
- FIG. 1A is a cross-sectional view of one embodiment of a bridge plug according to the present invention. While FIG. 1A illustrates the tool in its entirety, FIGS. 1B and 1C each depict roughly one half of the tool (cut along line A-A in FIG. 1A ) so that the details of the present invention may be more clearly illustrated.
- the bridge plug 100 illustrated in FIG. 1A is in a “locked”, or inactivated position, as for running into a string of casing.
- the bridge plug 100 comprises an upper mandrel assembly 102 and a lower mandrel assembly 104 .
- the upper mandrel assembly 102 is illustrated in further detail in FIG. 1B and comprises a substantially tubular outer setting sleeve 106 having a connection 108 at an upper end 107 of the assembly 102 .
- the connection 108 is threaded for attachment to a hydraulic or explosive operated tool (not shown).
- the setting sleeve 106 houses a setting tool body 110 , which has a threaded sucker rod connection 111 at its upper end, and in turn carries a selection tool 112 having a fishing neck 114 at an upper end 113 and a radial port 116 proximate a lower end 115 of the upper mandrel assembly 102 .
- an upper mandrel 118 Within the selection tool 112 is an upper mandrel 118 , and the setting tool body 110 , selection tool 112 , and upper mandrel 118 are secured to one another by an upper shear pin 120 located proximate lower end 115 of the upper mandrel assembly 102 , distal from the sucker rod connection 111 . Furthermore, a selection tool lug 122 extends radially inward from the selection tool 112 toward the upper mandrel 118 , to engage an annular, sinuous groove 124 that extends around the outer circumference of the mandrel 118 .
- a portion of the upper mandrel 118 that is distal from the shear pin 120 connection is surrounded by a spring housing 126 .
- the spring housing 126 houses a coil spring 128 that is carried around the upper mandrel 118 .
- An upper spring stop 130 is secured, for example by a pin 132 a , to the mandrel 118 , while a lower spring stop 134 is secured to the selection tool 112 , also by a pin 132 b .
- the coil spring 128 is restrained axially within the upper and lower spring stops 130 , 134 .
- Below the spring housing 126 but above the upper shear pin 120 , a radial port 136 is provided in the upper mandrel 118 .
- the lower mandrel assembly 104 is illustrated in further detail in FIG. 1C and is coupled to the lower end 115 of the upper mandrel assembly 102 .
- the lower mandrel assembly 104 comprises a lower mandrel 138 preferably comprised of a composite material and having a first end 140 that fits within the lower end 115 of the upper mandrel 118 .
- Composite materials are well known in the art and typically comprise high-strength plastics containing fillers such as carbon or glass fiber.
- the lower mandrel 138 is secured in place by the upper shear pins 120 and 141 that secure the upper mandrel 118 , selection tool 112 , and setting tool body 110 .
- a second end 142 of the lower mandrel 138 terminates in a nose shoe 144 .
- the nose shoe 144 forms the lowermost portion of the bridge plug 100 .
- a body lock ring housing 146 surrounds the lower mandrel 138 just below the setting tool body 110 and upper mandrel 118 .
- the body lock ring housing 146 may be formed of metallic or composite material and carries a lock ring 148 .
- the lock ring 148 comprises a plurality of teeth 150 that engage the lower end 115 of the selection tool 112 and secure the selection tool 112 to the lower mandrel 138 .
- the lower mandrel assembly 104 further comprises upper and lower slip and cone assemblies 152 , 154 and a resilient packer element 156 .
- the upper slip and cone assembly 152 comprises a slip cage 158 formed of a composite material and secured by a lower shear pin 160 to a lower end 147 of the lock ring housing 146 .
- the upper slip cage 158 carries a plurality of upper slip segments 162 , each of which comprises a plurality of teeth 170 and surrounds a tapered end 173 of a conical upper cone 172 , also formed of a composite material.
- the upper cone 172 is situated to slide upwardly beneath the upper slip segments 162 .
- a lower slip and cone assembly 154 is formed similarly but is oriented to oppose the upper slip and cone assembly 152 ; that is, the lower slip segments 176 slide upwardly beneath the lower cone 174 .
- the upper and lower slip and cone assemblies 152 , 154 are spaced longitudinally so that a resilient packer element 156 may be retained between the upper and lower cones 172 , 174 .
- FIG. 1A illustrates the bridge plug of FIG. 1A in the “set” position.
- FIG. 2A illustrates the bridge plug 100 in its entirety
- FIGS. 2B and 2C each illustrate roughly one half (or the upper and lower mandrel assemblies 102 , 104 , respectively) of the bridge plug 100 shown in FIG. 2A .
- the hydraulic or explosive operated tool (not shown) that is coupled to the sucker rod connection 108 on the upper mandrel assembly 102 is actuated to exert a downward force on the setting tool 110 , while pulling up on the main body of the bridge plug 100 , including the slips 162 , 176 and packer element 156 .
- This provides an upward force against the nose shoe 144 that moves the cones 172 , 174 into the slips 158 , 178 .
- the cones 172 , 174 move into the slip cages 158 , 178 , they also are forced closer together, compressing the packer element 156 longitudinally so that it expands or extends radially outward.
- the travel of the cones 172 , 174 beneath the slip cages 158 , 178 also expands the slip segments 162 , 176 radially outward so that the teeth 170 “bite” into and engage the inner wall 182 of the casing 180 , which secures the packer element 156 in its compressed and fully expanded condition.
- the body lock ring housing 146 is forced downwardly with relation to the bridge plug body 100 , the lock ring teeth 150 bite into the body lock ring housing 146 to prevent upward movement that might release the applied downward force.
- a central conduit 184 is provided through the slips 162 , 176 and packer 156 and part of the upper mandrel 118 .
- the radial port 136 in the upper mandrel 118 may be opened or closed depending on the relative axial positions of the upper and lower mandrels 118 , 138 .
- To open the port 136 first, upward force is applied to the setting sleeve 106 and the setting tool body 110 to break the shear pin 120 , thereby allowing removal of the setting sleeve 106 and setting tool body 110 .
- the fishing neck 114 is thus exposed for grasping by a fishing tool (not shown), supported by a wire line (not shown).
- the selection tool lug 122 that extends radially inward from the selection tool body 112 engages the sinuous groove 124 that extends around the outer circumference of the upper mandrel 118 .
- the engagement of the lug 122 with the sinuous groove 124 causes relative rotation of the upper mandrel 118 and the selection tool 112 .
- the spring 128 surrounding the upper mandrel 118 is compressed.
- a wire line (not shown) is connected to the fishing neck 114 on the selection tool 112 , and upward force is applied. This exerts an upward force that pulls on the lower mandrel 138 , which in turn pulls on the body lock ring housing 146 , which is connected to the upper slip cage 158 .
- the upper slip cage 158 is thereby pulled upwardly to release the radial force on the slips 162 , 176 , allowing the upper cone 172 to move upwardly and release the compressive force on the packer element 156 .
- the lower cone 174 is removed from beneath the lower slip cage 178 so that the packer element 156 relaxes. With no radial forces forcing components of the bridge plug 100 into engagement with the inner wall 182 of the casing 180 , the bridge plug 100 may be retrieved from the wellbore by pulling upwardly.
- slips 162 , 176 and packer element 156 may be drilled out. If the application of a predetermined amount of force is not sufficient to release the slips 162 , 176 , an emergency release is provided to disconnect the lower mandrel assembly 104 from the remainder of the bridge plug tool 100 . This release comprises the lower shear pin 160 , which breaks when a sufficient amount of force is applied. The upper mandrel 118 and upper mandrel assembly 102 may be retrieved as described above.
- the remaining tool components (the lower mandrel 138 , slips 162 , 176 , cones 172 , 174 and packer element 156 —all comprise composite material, and so a milling machine may be lowered into the well to drill out the remaining material.
- the bridge plug tool 100 is largely retrievable, cutting down on drilling time and cost. That which might not be retrieved is made of drillable material and represents a small percentage of the overall tool material to keep the complexity and cost of removal to a minimum as well.
- FIG. 3A is a cross-sectional view of a second embodiment of a bridge plug according to the present invention. While FIG. 3A illustrates the tool in its entirety, FIGS. 3B and 3C each depict roughly one half of the tool (cut along line C-C in FIG. 3A ) so that the details of the present invention may be more clearly illustrated.
- the bridge plug 200 illustrated in FIG. 3A is in a “locked”, or inactivated position, as for running into a string of casing.
- the bridge plug 200 comprises an upper mandrel assembly 202 and a lower mandrel assembly 204 .
- the upper mandrel assembly 202 is illustrated in further detail in FIG. 3B and comprises a substantially tubular setting sleeve 206 having a threaded connection 208 at its upper end 207 .
- the setting sleeve 206 houses a setting tool body 210 , which in turn carries a selection tool 212 .
- the selection tool 212 has an upper end 213 terminating in a fishing neck 214 and a lower end 215 terminating in a downward facing plunger 222 .
- a radial port 216 is formed in the selection tool 212 proximate the lower end 215 .
- the lower mandrel assembly 204 is coupled to the lower end 209 of the upper mandrel assembly 202 .
- the lower mandrel assembly 204 comprises a lower mandrel 238 comprised of a composite material and having an upper end 240 terminating in a counterbore 224 (shown in FIG. 3B ) defined therein.
- the upper end 240 of the lower mandrel 238 is secured to a setting sleeve 215 and setting tool 210 by an upper shear pin 220 .
- a lower end 242 of the lower mandrel 238 terminates in a nose shoe 244 .
- the nose shoe 244 forms the lowermost portion of the bridge plug 200 .
- the nose shoe 244 has a central bore 245 terminating in a conical seat 247 which receives a lower plunger 223 mounted on a rod which extends downward from the plunger 222 .
- a body lock ring housing 246 surrounds the lower mandrel 238 just below the upper mandrel assembly 202 .
- the body lock ring housing 246 may be formed of a metallic or composite material and carries a lock ring 248 .
- the lock ring 248 comprises a plurality of teeth 250 that engage the lower end 215 of the setting tool 210 and secure it to the upper end 240 of the lower mandrel 238 .
- the lower mandrel assembly 204 further comprises upper and lower slip and cone assemblies 252 , 254 and at least one of resilient packer element 256 .
- the upper slip and cone assembly 252 includes an upper cone 258 comprising an inclined slip ramp and secured by a lower shear pin 260 to a lower end 247 of the lock ring housing 246 .
- the tapered end 257 of the upper cone 258 engages the tapered surface 259 of upper slip segments 262 , which comprise a plurality of teeth 270 .
- a recess 228 in the slip 262 is slidably engaged with an elongated end 230 of an upper compression element 272 .
- the upper cone 258 is designed to slide downwardly under the slip elements 262 , to force the slip elements 262 downward against the upper compression element 272 and radially outward against the inner wall 282 of the casing 280 .
- the slip segments 262 and cone 272 are preferably formed of a composite material.
- a lower slip and cone assembly 254 is formed similarly but is oriented to oppose the upper slip and cone assembly 252 ; that is, the lower cone 278 abuts the upper end 245 of the nose shoe 244 , and the slip segments 276 move downwardly so that their tapered bore 277 engages the tapered upper end 279 of the compression element 272 .
- the upper and lower slip and cone assemblies 252 , 254 are spaced longitudinally so that at least one resilient packer element 256 may be retained between the upper and lower compression elements 272 , 274 .
- at least one resilient packer element 256 may be retained between the upper and lower compression elements 272 , 274 .
- 3 such packer elements 256 are utilized; however, a greater or lesser number may be used.
- FIG. 4A illustrates the bridge plug 200 in its entirety
- FIGS. 4B and 4C each illustrate roughly one half (or the upper and lower mandrel assemblies 202 , 204 , respectively) of the bridge plug 200 shown in FIG. 4A .
- a hydraulic or explosive tool (not shown) is coupled to the threaded connection 208 on the upper mandrel assembly 202 and is actuated to exert a downward force on the setting tool 210 , while pulling up on the main body of the bridge plug 200 , including the slips 262 , 276 and packer elements 256 .
- This provides an upward force against the nose shoe 244 that moves the cones 258 , 278 further under the slips 262 , 276 and forces the slips 262 , 276 closer axially to the compression elements 272 , 274 .
- the slips 262 , 276 move closer to the compression elements 272 , 274 , they force the compression elements 272 , 274 closer to each other, which compresses the packer elements 256 longitudinally so that they expand radially outward.
- the travel of the cones 258 , 278 beneath the slip segments 262 , 276 also expands the slip segments 262 , 276 radially outward so that the teeth 270 “bite” into and engage the inner wall 282 of the casing 280 , which secures the packer elements 256 in their compressed conditions.
- the body lock ring housing 246 is forced downward with relation to the bridge plug body 200 , and the lock ring teeth 250 bite into the body lock ring housing 246 to prevent upward movement that might release the applied downward force.
- a central conduit 284 is provided through the slips 262 , 276 and packer elements 256 and part of the upper mandrel assembly 202 (see FIGS. 4A-C , which show the bridge plug in the “set” condition).
- the radial port 236 in the selection tool 212 may be opened or closed depending on the relative axial position of the upper and lower mandrel assemblies 202 , 204 .
- To open the port 236 first, upward force is applied to the setting sleeve 206 and the setting tool body 210 to break the shear pin 220 , thereby allowing for removal of the setting sleeve 206 and setting tool body 210 .
- the fishing neck 214 is exposed for grasping by a fishing tool (not shown), and a wire line (not shown) is connected to the fishing neck 214 so that an upward force may be applied to the selection tool 212 .
- the plunger 222 on the lower end of the selection tool 212 is removed from the recess 224 in the lower mandrel 236 , so that flow f is allowed from the conduit 284 , through the recess and out the port 236 .
- the plunger moves back into the recess, thereby closing the port opening 236 off from flow.
- Retrieval of the bridge plug 200 is also substantially similar to the retrieval process discussed herein with reference to the bridge plug 100 . If the slips 262 , 276 should fail to release, sufficient upward force will break the lower shear pin 260 , thereby separating the upper and lower mandrel assemblies 202 , 204 . The upper mandrel assembly 202 may then be pulled upwardly out of the wellbore, while the lower mandrel assembly 204 , largely comprising composite materials, may be drilled out with a milling machine.
- a bridge plug is provided that is largely retrievable from a wellbore.
- an emergency release that allows at least a portion of the plug to be retrieved if difficulty is encountered in removing the entire tool.
- those components that remain in the wellbore are formed of a composite, drillable material that can be milled to clear the bore. Therefore, removal difficulties encountered with common existing retrievable bridge plugs are addressed. Time and cost for drilling are substantially reduced by making only a portion of the plug drillable, and by drilling only in the event that removal difficulties make retrieval of the entire tool infeasible or impossible.
Abstract
Description
- This application is a continuation of co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/344,289, filed Jan. 31, 2006, which is a continuation of co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/619,087, filed Jul. 14, 2003, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,036,602. Each of the aforementioned related patent applications is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.
- In the completion of oil and gas wells, there are various downhole operations in which it may become necessary to isolate particular zones within the well. This is typically accomplished by temporarily plugging off the well casing at a given point or points with a bridge plug. Bridge plugs are particularly useful in accomplishing operations such as isolating perforations in one portion of a well from perforations in another portion, or for isolating the bottom of a well from a wellhead. The purpose of the plug is simply to isolate some portion of the well from another portion of the well. However, in some instances, the bridge plug may not necessarily be used for isolation, but may be used, for example, to create a cement plug in the wellbore. The bridge plug may be temporary or permanent; if temporary, it must be removable.
- Bridge plugs may be drillable or retrievable. Drillable bridge plugs are typically constructed of a brittle metal such as cast iron that can be drilled out. One typical problem with conventional drillable bridge plugs, however, is that without some sort of locking mechanism, the bridge plug components may tend to rotate with the drill bit, which can result in extremely long drill-out times, excessive casing wear, or both. Long drill-out times are highly undesirable, as rig time is typically charged by the hour.
- An alternative to drillable bridge plugs is the retrievable bridge plug, which may be used to temporarily isolate portions of the well before being removed, intact, from the well interior. Retrievable bridge plugs typically have anchor and sealing elements that engage and secure it to the casing wall. To retrieve the plug, a retrieving tool is lowered into the casing to engage a retrieving latch, which, through a retrieving mechanism, retracts the anchor and sealing elements, allowing the bridge plug to be pulled out of the wellbore. A common problem with retrievable bridge plugs is the accumulation of debris on the top of the plug, which may make it difficult or impossible to engage the retrieving latch to remove the plug. Such debris accumulation may also adversely affect the relative movement of various parts within the bridge plug. Furthermore, with current retrieving tools, jarring motions or friction against the well casing can cause accidental unlatching of the retrieving tool, or re-locking of the bridge plug (due to activation of the plug anchor elements). It may also be difficult to separate the retrieving tool from the plug upon removal, necessitating the use of additional machinery. Problems such as these sometimes make it necessary to drill out a bridge plug that was intended to be retrievable.
- Thus, there is a need in the art for a bridge plug whose performance is not impaired by undesirable conditions such as differential pressure zones or wellbore debris, and that may be removed from the wellbore without undue exertion or cost.
- One embodiment of the present invention provides a bridge plug for isolating portions of a downhole casing comprising a retrievable upper mandrel assembly and a lower mandrel assembly coupled to the upper mandrel assembly, wherein the lower mandrel assembly comprises a drillable material.
- So that the manner in which the above recited embodiments of the invention are attained and can be understood in detail, a more particular description of the invention, briefly summarized above, may be had by reference to the embodiments thereof which are illustrated in the appended drawings. It is to be noted, however, that the appended drawings illustrate only typical embodiments of this invention and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope, for the invention may admit to other equally effective embodiments.
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FIG. 1A is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of one embodiment of a bridge plug according to the present invention; -
FIG. 1B is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the upper mandrel assembly ofFIG. 1A ; -
FIG. 1C is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the lower mandrel assembly ofFIG. 1A ; -
FIG. 2A is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the bridge plug ofFIG. 1A in the set position; -
FIG. 2B is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the upper mandrel assembly ofFIG. 2A ; -
FIG. 2C is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the lower mandrel assembly ofFIG. 2A ; -
FIG. 3A is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a second embodiment of a bridge plug according to the present invention; -
FIG. 3B is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the upper mandrel assembly ofFIG. 3A ; -
FIG. 3C is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the lower mandrel assembly ofFIG. 3A ; -
FIG. 4A is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the bridge plug ofFIG. 3A in the set position; -
FIG. 4B is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the upper mandrel assembly ofFIG. 4A ; -
FIG. 4C is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the lower mandrel assembly ofFIG. 4A ; and -
FIG. 5 is a flow diagram illustrating a method of retrieving the bridge plug of the present invention from a wellbore. - To facilitate understanding, identical reference numerals have been used, where possible, to designate identical elements that are common to the figures.
- The present invention aims to provide an improved bridge plug that is both retrievable and drillable. Existing bridge plugs that are either retrievable or drillable individually suffer from respective shortcomings related to plug setting and removal. The present invention provides a retrievable bridge plug having several drillable components, preferably made of composite materials, and therefore it may be retrieved, drilled, or both for removal as need dictates.
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FIG. 1A is a cross-sectional view of one embodiment of a bridge plug according to the present invention. WhileFIG. 1A illustrates the tool in its entirety,FIGS. 1B and 1C each depict roughly one half of the tool (cut along line A-A inFIG. 1A ) so that the details of the present invention may be more clearly illustrated. Thebridge plug 100 illustrated inFIG. 1A is in a “locked”, or inactivated position, as for running into a string of casing. In one embodiment, thebridge plug 100 comprises anupper mandrel assembly 102 and alower mandrel assembly 104. - The
upper mandrel assembly 102 is illustrated in further detail inFIG. 1B and comprises a substantially tubularouter setting sleeve 106 having aconnection 108 at anupper end 107 of theassembly 102. Theconnection 108 is threaded for attachment to a hydraulic or explosive operated tool (not shown). The settingsleeve 106 houses asetting tool body 110, which has a threadedsucker rod connection 111 at its upper end, and in turn carries aselection tool 112 having afishing neck 114 at anupper end 113 and aradial port 116 proximate alower end 115 of theupper mandrel assembly 102. Within theselection tool 112 is anupper mandrel 118, and thesetting tool body 110,selection tool 112, andupper mandrel 118 are secured to one another by anupper shear pin 120 located proximatelower end 115 of theupper mandrel assembly 102, distal from thesucker rod connection 111. Furthermore, aselection tool lug 122 extends radially inward from theselection tool 112 toward theupper mandrel 118, to engage an annular,sinuous groove 124 that extends around the outer circumference of themandrel 118. - A portion of the
upper mandrel 118 that is distal from theshear pin 120 connection is surrounded by aspring housing 126. Thespring housing 126 houses acoil spring 128 that is carried around theupper mandrel 118. Anupper spring stop 130 is secured, for example by apin 132 a, to themandrel 118, while alower spring stop 134 is secured to theselection tool 112, also by apin 132 b. Thecoil spring 128 is restrained axially within the upper and lower spring stops 130, 134. Below thespring housing 126, but above theupper shear pin 120, aradial port 136 is provided in theupper mandrel 118. - The
lower mandrel assembly 104 is illustrated in further detail inFIG. 1C and is coupled to thelower end 115 of theupper mandrel assembly 102. Thelower mandrel assembly 104 comprises alower mandrel 138 preferably comprised of a composite material and having afirst end 140 that fits within thelower end 115 of theupper mandrel 118. Composite materials are well known in the art and typically comprise high-strength plastics containing fillers such as carbon or glass fiber. Thelower mandrel 138 is secured in place by the upper shear pins 120 and 141 that secure theupper mandrel 118,selection tool 112, and settingtool body 110. Asecond end 142 of thelower mandrel 138 terminates in anose shoe 144. Thenose shoe 144 forms the lowermost portion of thebridge plug 100. - A body
lock ring housing 146 surrounds thelower mandrel 138 just below thesetting tool body 110 andupper mandrel 118. The bodylock ring housing 146 may be formed of metallic or composite material and carries alock ring 148. Thelock ring 148 comprises a plurality ofteeth 150 that engage thelower end 115 of theselection tool 112 and secure theselection tool 112 to thelower mandrel 138. - The
lower mandrel assembly 104 further comprises upper and lower slip andcone assemblies resilient packer element 156. The upper slip andcone assembly 152 comprises aslip cage 158 formed of a composite material and secured by alower shear pin 160 to alower end 147 of thelock ring housing 146. Theupper slip cage 158 carries a plurality ofupper slip segments 162, each of which comprises a plurality ofteeth 170 and surrounds atapered end 173 of a conicalupper cone 172, also formed of a composite material. Thus, theupper cone 172 is situated to slide upwardly beneath theupper slip segments 162. A lower slip andcone assembly 154 is formed similarly but is oriented to oppose the upper slip andcone assembly 152; that is, thelower slip segments 176 slide upwardly beneath thelower cone 174. The upper and lower slip andcone assemblies resilient packer element 156 may be retained between the upper andlower cones - The operation of the bridge plug embodiment illustrated in
FIG. 1A may best be understood with reference toFIGS. 2A-C , which illustrates the bridge plug ofFIG. 1A in the “set” position.FIG. 2A illustrates thebridge plug 100 in its entirety, whileFIGS. 2B and 2C each illustrate roughly one half (or the upper andlower mandrel assemblies bridge plug 100 shown inFIG. 2A . - The hydraulic or explosive operated tool (not shown) that is coupled to the
sucker rod connection 108 on theupper mandrel assembly 102 is actuated to exert a downward force on thesetting tool 110, while pulling up on the main body of thebridge plug 100, including theslips packer element 156. This provides an upward force against thenose shoe 144 that moves thecones slips cones slip cages packer element 156 longitudinally so that it expands or extends radially outward. The travel of thecones slip cages slip segments teeth 170 “bite” into and engage the inner wall 182 of the casing 180, which secures thepacker element 156 in its compressed and fully expanded condition. At the same time, the bodylock ring housing 146 is forced downwardly with relation to thebridge plug body 100, thelock ring teeth 150 bite into the bodylock ring housing 146 to prevent upward movement that might release the applied downward force. - In order to allow flow through the
tool 100, acentral conduit 184 is provided through theslips packer 156 and part of theupper mandrel 118. Theradial port 136 in theupper mandrel 118 may be opened or closed depending on the relative axial positions of the upper andlower mandrels port 136, first, upward force is applied to the settingsleeve 106 and thesetting tool body 110 to break theshear pin 120, thereby allowing removal of the settingsleeve 106 andsetting tool body 110. Thefishing neck 114 is thus exposed for grasping by a fishing tool (not shown), supported by a wire line (not shown). Pulling upward on thefishing neck 114 exerts an upward force on theupper mandrel 118, compressing thespring 128. Theselection tool lug 122 that extends radially inward from theselection tool body 112 engages thesinuous groove 124 that extends around the outer circumference of theupper mandrel 118. Thus, when theupper mandrel 118 is pulled upward, the engagement of thelug 122 with thesinuous groove 124 causes relative rotation of theupper mandrel 118 and theselection tool 112. At the same time, thespring 128 surrounding theupper mandrel 118 is compressed. - When the upward force is released, the
spring 128 is relaxed, causing relative axial movement between theupper mandrel 118 and theselection tool 112. Lug movement through thegrooves 124 causes simultaneous relative rotation of these components, which moves theports - To retrieve the
bridge plug 100 from the wellbore, a wire line (not shown) is connected to thefishing neck 114 on theselection tool 112, and upward force is applied. This exerts an upward force that pulls on thelower mandrel 138, which in turn pulls on the bodylock ring housing 146, which is connected to theupper slip cage 158. Theupper slip cage 158 is thereby pulled upwardly to release the radial force on theslips upper cone 172 to move upwardly and release the compressive force on thepacker element 156. Similarly, thelower cone 174 is removed from beneath thelower slip cage 178 so that thepacker element 156 relaxes. With no radial forces forcing components of thebridge plug 100 into engagement with the inner wall 182 of the casing 180, thebridge plug 100 may be retrieved from the wellbore by pulling upwardly. - In the event that the
slips packer element 156 cannot be released as described above, they may be drilled out. If the application of a predetermined amount of force is not sufficient to release theslips lower mandrel assembly 104 from the remainder of thebridge plug tool 100. This release comprises thelower shear pin 160, which breaks when a sufficient amount of force is applied. Theupper mandrel 118 andupper mandrel assembly 102 may be retrieved as described above. The remaining tool components—thelower mandrel 138, slips 162, 176,cones packer element 156—all comprise composite material, and so a milling machine may be lowered into the well to drill out the remaining material. Thus at worst, thebridge plug tool 100 is largely retrievable, cutting down on drilling time and cost. That which might not be retrieved is made of drillable material and represents a small percentage of the overall tool material to keep the complexity and cost of removal to a minimum as well. - An alternate embodiment of the present invention in illustrated in
FIGS. 3A-C .FIG. 3A is a cross-sectional view of a second embodiment of a bridge plug according to the present invention. WhileFIG. 3A illustrates the tool in its entirety,FIGS. 3B and 3C each depict roughly one half of the tool (cut along line C-C inFIG. 3A ) so that the details of the present invention may be more clearly illustrated. Thebridge plug 200 illustrated inFIG. 3A is in a “locked”, or inactivated position, as for running into a string of casing. In one embodiment, thebridge plug 200 comprises anupper mandrel assembly 202 and alower mandrel assembly 204. - The
upper mandrel assembly 202 is illustrated in further detail inFIG. 3B and comprises a substantiallytubular setting sleeve 206 having a threadedconnection 208 at itsupper end 207. The settingsleeve 206 houses asetting tool body 210, which in turn carries aselection tool 212. Theselection tool 212 has anupper end 213 terminating in afishing neck 214 and alower end 215 terminating in a downward facingplunger 222. In addition, aradial port 216 is formed in theselection tool 212 proximate thelower end 215. - The
lower mandrel assembly 204 is coupled to thelower end 209 of theupper mandrel assembly 202. Thelower mandrel assembly 204 comprises alower mandrel 238 comprised of a composite material and having anupper end 240 terminating in a counterbore 224 (shown inFIG. 3B ) defined therein. Theupper end 240 of thelower mandrel 238 is secured to asetting sleeve 215 andsetting tool 210 by anupper shear pin 220. A lower end 242 of thelower mandrel 238 terminates in anose shoe 244. Thenose shoe 244 forms the lowermost portion of thebridge plug 200. Thenose shoe 244 has acentral bore 245 terminating in aconical seat 247 which receives alower plunger 223 mounted on a rod which extends downward from theplunger 222. - A body
lock ring housing 246 surrounds thelower mandrel 238 just below theupper mandrel assembly 202. The bodylock ring housing 246 may be formed of a metallic or composite material and carries a lock ring 248. The lock ring 248 comprises a plurality ofteeth 250 that engage thelower end 215 of thesetting tool 210 and secure it to theupper end 240 of thelower mandrel 238. - The
lower mandrel assembly 204 further comprises upper and lower slip andcone assemblies resilient packer element 256. The upper slip andcone assembly 252 includes anupper cone 258 comprising an inclined slip ramp and secured by alower shear pin 260 to alower end 247 of thelock ring housing 246. Thetapered end 257 of theupper cone 258 engages the taperedsurface 259 ofupper slip segments 262, which comprise a plurality ofteeth 270. Arecess 228 in theslip 262 is slidably engaged with anelongated end 230 of anupper compression element 272. Thus, theupper cone 258 is designed to slide downwardly under theslip elements 262, to force theslip elements 262 downward against theupper compression element 272 and radially outward against the inner wall 282 of the casing 280. Theslip segments 262 andcone 272 are preferably formed of a composite material. A lower slip andcone assembly 254 is formed similarly but is oriented to oppose the upper slip andcone assembly 252; that is, thelower cone 278 abuts theupper end 245 of thenose shoe 244, and theslip segments 276 move downwardly so that theirtapered bore 277 engages the taperedupper end 279 of thecompression element 272. The upper and lower slip andcone assemblies resilient packer element 256 may be retained between the upper andlower compression elements FIG. 3C , 3such packer elements 256 are utilized; however, a greater or lesser number may be used. - The operation of the
bridge plug 200 is not unlike the operation of thebridge plug 100 discussed herein, and may best be understood with reference toFIGS. 4A-C , which illustrate the bridge plug ofFIG. 3A in a “set” position.FIG. 4A illustrates thebridge plug 200 in its entirety, whileFIGS. 4B and 4C each illustrate roughly one half (or the upper andlower mandrel assemblies bridge plug 200 shown inFIG. 4A . - A hydraulic or explosive tool (not shown) is coupled to the threaded
connection 208 on theupper mandrel assembly 202 and is actuated to exert a downward force on thesetting tool 210, while pulling up on the main body of thebridge plug 200, including theslips packer elements 256. This provides an upward force against thenose shoe 244 that moves thecones slips slips compression elements slips compression elements compression elements packer elements 256 longitudinally so that they expand radially outward. The travel of thecones slip segments slip segments teeth 270 “bite” into and engage the inner wall 282 of the casing 280, which secures thepacker elements 256 in their compressed conditions. At the same time, the bodylock ring housing 246 is forced downward with relation to thebridge plug body 200, and thelock ring teeth 250 bite into the bodylock ring housing 246 to prevent upward movement that might release the applied downward force. - In order to allow flow through the
tool 200, acentral conduit 284 is provided through theslips packer elements 256 and part of the upper mandrel assembly 202 (seeFIGS. 4A-C , which show the bridge plug in the “set” condition). Theradial port 236 in theselection tool 212 may be opened or closed depending on the relative axial position of the upper andlower mandrel assemblies port 236, first, upward force is applied to the settingsleeve 206 and thesetting tool body 210 to break theshear pin 220, thereby allowing for removal of the settingsleeve 206 andsetting tool body 210. Thefishing neck 214 is exposed for grasping by a fishing tool (not shown), and a wire line (not shown) is connected to thefishing neck 214 so that an upward force may be applied to theselection tool 212. Theplunger 222 on the lower end of theselection tool 212 is removed from therecess 224 in thelower mandrel 236, so that flow f is allowed from theconduit 284, through the recess and out theport 236. When the upward force is released, the plunger moves back into the recess, thereby closing theport opening 236 off from flow. - Retrieval of the
bridge plug 200 is also substantially similar to the retrieval process discussed herein with reference to thebridge plug 100. If theslips lower shear pin 260, thereby separating the upper andlower mandrel assemblies upper mandrel assembly 202 may then be pulled upwardly out of the wellbore, while thelower mandrel assembly 204, largely comprising composite materials, may be drilled out with a milling machine. - Thus the present invention represents a significant advancement in the fields of oil and gas drilling and bridge plug technology. A bridge plug is provided that is largely retrievable from a wellbore. However, incorporated into the design is an emergency release that allows at least a portion of the plug to be retrieved if difficulty is encountered in removing the entire tool. In such an event, those components that remain in the wellbore are formed of a composite, drillable material that can be milled to clear the bore. Therefore, removal difficulties encountered with common existing retrievable bridge plugs are addressed. Time and cost for drilling are substantially reduced by making only a portion of the plug drillable, and by drilling only in the event that removal difficulties make retrieval of the entire tool infeasible or impossible.
- While the foregoing is directed to embodiments of the present invention, other and further embodiments of the invention may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof, and the scope thereof is determined by the claims that follow.
Claims (8)
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US12/144,403 US8002030B2 (en) | 2003-07-14 | 2008-06-23 | Retrievable bridge plug |
US13/214,807 US20120067596A1 (en) | 2003-07-14 | 2011-08-22 | Retrievable bridge plug |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US10/619,087 US7036602B2 (en) | 2003-07-14 | 2003-07-14 | Retrievable bridge plug |
US11/344,289 US7389823B2 (en) | 2003-07-14 | 2006-01-31 | Retrievable bridge plug |
US12/144,403 US8002030B2 (en) | 2003-07-14 | 2008-06-23 | Retrievable bridge plug |
Related Parent Applications (1)
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US11/344,289 Continuation US7389823B2 (en) | 2003-07-14 | 2006-01-31 | Retrievable bridge plug |
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US13/214,807 Continuation US20120067596A1 (en) | 2003-07-14 | 2011-08-22 | Retrievable bridge plug |
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US8002030B2 US8002030B2 (en) | 2011-08-23 |
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US11/344,289 Expired - Fee Related US7389823B2 (en) | 2003-07-14 | 2006-01-31 | Retrievable bridge plug |
US12/144,403 Expired - Fee Related US8002030B2 (en) | 2003-07-14 | 2008-06-23 | Retrievable bridge plug |
US13/214,807 Abandoned US20120067596A1 (en) | 2003-07-14 | 2011-08-22 | Retrievable bridge plug |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US10/619,087 Expired - Fee Related US7036602B2 (en) | 2003-07-14 | 2003-07-14 | Retrievable bridge plug |
US11/344,289 Expired - Fee Related US7389823B2 (en) | 2003-07-14 | 2006-01-31 | Retrievable bridge plug |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US13/214,807 Abandoned US20120067596A1 (en) | 2003-07-14 | 2011-08-22 | Retrievable bridge plug |
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2008
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Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US8678081B1 (en) | 2008-08-15 | 2014-03-25 | Exelis, Inc. | Combination anvil and coupler for bridge and fracture plugs |
US8322413B2 (en) | 2010-08-17 | 2012-12-04 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Twin latch wireline retrieval tool |
US8579023B1 (en) * | 2010-10-29 | 2013-11-12 | Exelis Inc. | Composite downhole tool with ratchet locking mechanism |
US8770276B1 (en) | 2011-04-28 | 2014-07-08 | Exelis, Inc. | Downhole tool with cones and slips |
US8997859B1 (en) | 2012-05-11 | 2015-04-07 | Exelis, Inc. | Downhole tool with fluted anvil |
US20150157494A1 (en) * | 2013-12-10 | 2015-06-11 | GummiWerks LLC | Protective Sheath |
US9845658B1 (en) | 2015-04-17 | 2017-12-19 | Albany International Corp. | Lightweight, easily drillable or millable slip for composite frac, bridge and drop ball plugs |
US11199064B2 (en) | 2018-10-31 | 2021-12-14 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Integrated debris catcher and plug system |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20120067596A1 (en) | 2012-03-22 |
US20060124307A1 (en) | 2006-06-15 |
US8002030B2 (en) | 2011-08-23 |
CA2474296A1 (en) | 2005-01-14 |
US7389823B2 (en) | 2008-06-24 |
US20050121201A1 (en) | 2005-06-09 |
CA2474296C (en) | 2007-09-25 |
US7036602B2 (en) | 2006-05-02 |
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