US20080045707A1 - Processes for the preparation of linezolid intermediate - Google Patents
Processes for the preparation of linezolid intermediate Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20080045707A1 US20080045707A1 US11/977,344 US97734407A US2008045707A1 US 20080045707 A1 US20080045707 A1 US 20080045707A1 US 97734407 A US97734407 A US 97734407A US 2008045707 A1 US2008045707 A1 US 2008045707A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- linezolid
- oxazolidinyl
- azide
- oxo
- fluorophenyl
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- TYZROVQLWOKYKF-ZDUSSCGKSA-N linezolid Chemical compound O=C1O[C@@H](CNC(=O)C)CN1C(C=C1F)=CC=C1N1CCOCC1 TYZROVQLWOKYKF-ZDUSSCGKSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 229960003907 linezolid Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 22
- KZYMHNDGSFJVMU-ZEQRLZLVSA-N n,n-bis[[(5s)-3-(3-fluoro-4-morpholin-4-ylphenyl)-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-5-yl]methyl]acetamide Chemical compound C([C@@H](OC1=O)CN(C(=O)C)C[C@@H]2OC(=O)N(C2)C=2C=C(F)C(N3CCOCC3)=CC=2)N1C(C=C1F)=CC=C1N1CCOCC1 KZYMHNDGSFJVMU-ZEQRLZLVSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical group CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 75
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical group [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- FQUBFDDPWLBKIZ-NSHDSACASA-N (5r)-5-(azidomethyl)-3-(3-fluoro-4-morpholin-4-ylphenyl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one Chemical compound FC1=CC(N2C(O[C@@H](CN=[N+]=[N-])C2)=O)=CC=C1N1CCOCC1 FQUBFDDPWLBKIZ-NSHDSACASA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 150000001540 azides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000009903 catalytic hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- VZTDIZULWFCMLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium formate Chemical group [NH4+].[O-]C=O VZTDIZULWFCMLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000002051 biphasic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- JRMUNVKIHCOMHV-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium bromide Chemical group [Br-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC JRMUNVKIHCOMHV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Octanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCO KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940093499 ethyl acetate Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 235000019439 ethyl acetate Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic anhydride Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(C)=O WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 48
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 33
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 18
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 16
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 15
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 13
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 9
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 6
- TYZROVQLWOKYKF-CYBMUJFWSA-N n-[[(5r)-3-(3-fluoro-4-morpholin-4-ylphenyl)-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-5-yl]methyl]acetamide Chemical class O=C1O[C@H](CNC(=O)C)CN1C(C=C1F)=CC=C1N1CCOCC1 TYZROVQLWOKYKF-CYBMUJFWSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229940086542 triethylamine Drugs 0.000 description 5
- FXEQKPURRDLLDG-ZDUSSCGKSA-N (5S)-5-(3-fluoro-N-methyl-4-morpholin-4-ylanilino)-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one Chemical compound CN([C@@H]1CNC(=O)O1)c1ccc(N2CCOCC2)c(F)c1 FXEQKPURRDLLDG-ZDUSSCGKSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetamide Chemical compound CC(N)=O DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001555 benzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IZXIZTKNFFYFOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Oxazolidone Chemical compound O=C1NCCO1 IZXIZTKNFFYFOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000021736 acetylation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006640 acetylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- -1 aliphatic alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001665 trituration Methods 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical group C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylamine Chemical compound NC BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXIPVTKHYLBLMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium azide Chemical compound [Na+].[N-]=[N+]=[N-] PXIPVTKHYLBLMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011097 chromatography purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011946 reduction process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012279 sodium borohydride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000033 sodium borohydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- BDZBKCUKTQZUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphite Chemical compound CCOP(OCC)OCC BDZBKCUKTQZUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N (R)-(-)-Propylene glycol Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 0 *[C@](CN1c(cc2F)ccc2N2CCOCC2)OC1=O Chemical compound *[C@](CN1c(cc2F)ccc2N2CCOCC2)OC1=O 0.000 description 1
- HIXDQWDOVZUNNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-7-methoxychromen-4-one Chemical compound C=1C(OC)=CC(O)=C(C(C=2)=O)C=1OC=2C1=CC=C(OC)C(OC)=C1 HIXDQWDOVZUNNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NVSYTGFHYIDNPE-TZQSAXEUSA-L C#CC#CC.C1COCCN1.CC(=O)NC[C@H]1CN(C2=CC(F)=C(N3CCOCC3)C=C2)C(=O)O1.CC(=O)OC(C)=O.CCCC(=O)OC[C@@H]1CO1.CCCCOOC[C@H]1CN(C2=CC(F)=C(N3CCOCC3)C=C2)C(=O)O1.CCN(C(C)C)C(C)C.CCN(CC)CC.CS(=O)(=O)Cl.CS(=O)(=O)OC[C@H]1CN(C2=CC(F)=C(N3CCOCC3)C=C2)C(=O)O1.N.NC1=CC(F)=C(N2CCOCC2)C=C1.NC[C@H]1CN(C2=CC(F)=C(N3CCOCC3)C=C2)C(=O)O1.O=C(Cl)OCC1=CC=CC=C1.O=C(NC1=CC(F)=C(N2CCOCC2)C=C1)OCC1=CC=CC=C1.O=C1O[C@@H](CO)CN1C1=CC(F)=C(N2CCOCC2)C=C1.O=COO[Na].O=C[O-].O=[N+]([O-])C1=CC(F)=C(F)C=C1.O=[N+]([O-])C1=CC(F)=C(N2CCOCC2)C=C1.S.S.[HH].[N-]=[N+]=NC[C@H]1CN(C2=CC(F)=C(N3CCOCC3)C=C2)C(=O)O1.[N-]=[N+]=N[Na].[NH4+] Chemical compound C#CC#CC.C1COCCN1.CC(=O)NC[C@H]1CN(C2=CC(F)=C(N3CCOCC3)C=C2)C(=O)O1.CC(=O)OC(C)=O.CCCC(=O)OC[C@@H]1CO1.CCCCOOC[C@H]1CN(C2=CC(F)=C(N3CCOCC3)C=C2)C(=O)O1.CCN(C(C)C)C(C)C.CCN(CC)CC.CS(=O)(=O)Cl.CS(=O)(=O)OC[C@H]1CN(C2=CC(F)=C(N3CCOCC3)C=C2)C(=O)O1.N.NC1=CC(F)=C(N2CCOCC2)C=C1.NC[C@H]1CN(C2=CC(F)=C(N3CCOCC3)C=C2)C(=O)O1.O=C(Cl)OCC1=CC=CC=C1.O=C(NC1=CC(F)=C(N2CCOCC2)C=C1)OCC1=CC=CC=C1.O=C1O[C@@H](CO)CN1C1=CC(F)=C(N2CCOCC2)C=C1.O=COO[Na].O=C[O-].O=[N+]([O-])C1=CC(F)=C(F)C=C1.O=[N+]([O-])C1=CC(F)=C(N2CCOCC2)C=C1.S.S.[HH].[N-]=[N+]=NC[C@H]1CN(C2=CC(F)=C(N3CCOCC3)C=C2)C(=O)O1.[N-]=[N+]=N[Na].[NH4+] NVSYTGFHYIDNPE-TZQSAXEUSA-L 0.000 description 1
- QDPAOAQIEHQXOP-MERQFXBCSA-N C.[N-]=[N+]=NC[C@H]1CN(C2=CC(F)=C(N3CCOCC3)C=C2)C(=O)O1 Chemical compound C.[N-]=[N+]=NC[C@H]1CN(C2=CC(F)=C(N3CCOCC3)C=C2)C(=O)O1 QDPAOAQIEHQXOP-MERQFXBCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XHBNDNIZOWAJBK-WLKYSPGFSA-N CC(=O)N(C[C@H]1CN(C2=CC(F)=C(N3CCOCC3)C=C2)C(=O)O1)C[C@H]1CN(C2=CC(F)=C(N3CCOCC3)C=C2)C(=O)O1.S.S Chemical compound CC(=O)N(C[C@H]1CN(C2=CC(F)=C(N3CCOCC3)C=C2)C(=O)O1)C[C@H]1CN(C2=CC(F)=C(N3CCOCC3)C=C2)C(=O)O1.S.S XHBNDNIZOWAJBK-WLKYSPGFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEQHJQFPLBMWLD-VPZURYLOSA-N CC(N(C[C@@H](CN1c(cc2F)ccc2N2CCOCC2)OC1=O)[C@@H](C1)C1(CN1c(cc2F)ccc2N2CCOCC2)OC1=O)=O Chemical compound CC(N(C[C@@H](CN1c(cc2F)ccc2N2CCOCC2)OC1=O)[C@@H](C1)C1(CN1c(cc2F)ccc2N2CCOCC2)OC1=O)=O VEQHJQFPLBMWLD-VPZURYLOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Carbamate Chemical compound NC([O-])=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 206010014889 Enterococcal infections Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000008745 Healthcare-Associated Pneumonia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- NZWKUHSARXKEFC-MERQFXBCSA-N NC[C@H]1CN(C2=CC(F)=C(N3CCOCC3)C=C2)C(=O)O1.S Chemical compound NC[C@H]1CN(C2=CC(F)=C(N3CCOCC3)C=C2)C(=O)O1.S NZWKUHSARXKEFC-MERQFXBCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosgene Chemical compound ClC(Cl)=O YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010035664 Pneumonia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010059993 Vancomycin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000004599 antimicrobial Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000852 azido group Chemical group *N=[N+]=[N-] 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004440 column chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006184 cosolvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L dipotassium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].OP([O-])([O-])=O ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000396 dipotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003480 eluent Substances 0.000 description 1
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011328 necessary treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005580 one pot reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940100692 oral suspension Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- XKJCHHZQLQNZHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalimide Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)NC(=O)C2=C1 XKJCHHZQLQNZHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYRHIOVKTDQVFC-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium phthalimide Chemical compound [K+].C1=CC=C2C(=O)[N-]C(=O)C2=C1 FYRHIOVKTDQVFC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000000634 powder X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- QEVHRUUCFGRFIF-MDEJGZGSSA-N reserpine Chemical compound O([C@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]2C[C@@H]3C4=C(C5=CC=C(OC)C=C5N4)CCN3C[C@H]2C1)C(=O)OC)OC)C(=O)C1=CC(OC)=C(OC)C(OC)=C1 QEVHRUUCFGRFIF-MDEJGZGSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MYPYJXKWCTUITO-LYRMYLQWSA-N vancomycin Chemical compound O([C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1OC1=C2C=C3C=C1OC1=CC=C(C=C1Cl)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C(N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@H]3C(=O)N[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@H](C(N[C@@H](C3=CC(O)=CC(O)=C3C=3C(O)=CC=C1C=3)C(O)=O)=O)[C@H](O)C1=CC=C(C(=C1)Cl)O2)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](CC(C)C)NC)[C@H]1C[C@](C)(N)[C@H](O)[C@H](C)O1 MYPYJXKWCTUITO-LYRMYLQWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003165 vancomycin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- MYPYJXKWCTUITO-UHFFFAOYSA-N vancomycin Natural products O1C(C(=C2)Cl)=CC=C2C(O)C(C(NC(C2=CC(O)=CC(O)=C2C=2C(O)=CC=C3C=2)C(O)=O)=O)NC(=O)C3NC(=O)C2NC(=O)C(CC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC)C(O)C(C=C3Cl)=CC=C3OC3=CC2=CC1=C3OC1OC(CO)C(O)C(O)C1OC1CC(C)(N)C(O)C(C)O1 MYPYJXKWCTUITO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940061740 zyvox Drugs 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D263/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings
- C07D263/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings
- C07D263/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member
- C07D263/16—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,3-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D263/18—Oxygen atoms
- C07D263/20—Oxygen atoms attached in position 2
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/535—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with at least one nitrogen and one oxygen as the ring hetero atoms, e.g. 1,2-oxazines
- A61K31/5375—1,4-Oxazines, e.g. morpholine
- A61K31/5377—1,4-Oxazines, e.g. morpholine not condensed and containing further heterocyclic rings, e.g. timolol
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
- A61P31/12—Antivirals
- A61P31/14—Antivirals for RNA viruses
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D413/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D413/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
- C07D413/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing aromatic rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D413/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D413/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing three or more hetero rings
Definitions
- the present invention relates to improved methods of converting the intermediate R—N-(4-morpholinyl-3-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl-methyl azide to the intermediate S—N-(4-morpholinyl-3-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl-methyl amine, and the use of such methods in the preparation of linezolid.
- Linezolid [(S)—N-[[3-(3-Fluoro-4-morpholinyl)phenyl]-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl]methyl]acetamide] is an antimicrobial agent.
- Linezolid is an oxazolidinone, having the empirical formula Cl 6 H 20 FN 3 O 4 and the following structure (I):
- Linezolid is described in The Merck Index (13th edition, Monograph number: 05526, CAS Registry Number: 165800-03-3) as white crystals, with a melting point of 181.5-182.5° C.
- Linezolid, as well as a process for its preparation, is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,688,792 (Example 5), European Patent No. 717738, Israeli Patent No. 110,802, Canadian Patent No. 2,168,560, and International Patent Publication WO 95/07271.
- This oxazolidinone is marketed in the United States by Pfizer, Inc. as an injection, tablet, and oral suspension under the name ZYVOX®. It is mainly used to treat nosocomial pneumonia, skin and skin-structure infections, and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium infections.
- the intermediate amine, S—N-(4-morpholinyl-3-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl-methyl amine having the following structure (II): is reacted without isolation with acetic anhydride as an oily product or in solution to produce the acetamide, linezolid (I).
- acetic anhydride as an oily product or in solution to produce the acetamide, linezolid (I).
- This is followed by procedures for isolating the linezolid such as those described in the '792 patent (col. 15, 11. 22-28) wherein a method of chromatography and separation of the desired fraction is described, followed by evaporation and trituration of the product to obtain pure linezolid. Due to the necessary treatment required for recovery, linezolid is derived in low yields.
- the intermediate azide, R—N-(4-morpholinyl-3-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl-methyl azide (III) is reduced to its corresponding amine, S—N-(4-morpholinyl-3-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl-methyl amine (II) through catalytic hydrogenation in the presence of a palladium/carbon catalyst in the solvent ethyl acetate.
- reaction conditions lead to the production of an undesirable level of reaction by-products, and thereby, following the acetylation of the intermediate amine (II) to linezolid (I), to undesirably high levels of bis-linezolid (IV).
- the reduction process is performed by catalytic hydrogenation in a process comprising:
- the present invention provides a process for reducing R—N-(4-morpholinyl-3-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl-methyl azide (III) to S—N-(4-morpholinyl-3-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl-methyl amine (II).
- This process comprises:
- the ester used is ethyl acetate.
- the reducing agent is sodium or potassium borohydride.
- the base used is alkaline earth hydroxides, more preferably sodium hydroxide.
- the reduction is carried out to completion by using periodic TLC or HPLC analysis to measure when the reaction has been carried out to completion.
- the present invention provides a process for reducing R—N-(4-morpholinyl-3-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl-methyl azide (III) to S—N-(4-morpholinyl-3-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl-methyl amine (II).
- This process comprises:
- linezolid (I) that comprise one of the methods described above of reducing the azide (III) to the amine (II), and further the reducing the amine (II) to linezolid by methods known in the art.
- the linezolid obtained is of high chemical purity, with respect to the inactive R-enantiomer and bis-linezolid (IV), and is in high yield, without the need for tedious, complicated purification steps, such as chromatography.
- linezolid (1) can be produced with a content of less than about 3.2% of the bis-linezolid (IV) impurity, preferably less than about 1%, more preferably less than about 0. 10%, and most preferably less than about 0.05%.
- linezolid (I) of high purity can be produced without the need for chromatographic purification procedures.
- Linezolid (1) having a purity of more than about 95%, preferably more than about 98%, and most preferably more than about 99% with respect to reaction by-product impurities can be obtained by employing the methods disclosed herein.
- the present invention further provides a process for preparing a pharmaceutical formulation comprising linezolid (1) having less than about 3.2% area by HPLC of bis-linezolid (IV), comprising:
- room temperature and is meant to indicate a temperature of about 18 to about 25° C., preferably about 20 to about 22° C.
- a biphasic solvent system can be a mixture of an organic solvent and an aqueous solvent.
- the aqueous solvent is water.
- the ratio of organic solvent:water can be from about 0.1:1 to about 10:1, with a ratio of about 1:1 being preferred.
- the phase transfer agent can be selected from a wide variety of known phase transfer agents, including tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB).
- the present invention relates to novel and improved methods for the reduction of R—N-(4-morpholinyl-3-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl-methyl azide (III), to its corresponding amine, S—N-(4-morpholinyl-3-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl-methyl amine (II).
- the conversion of the azide (—N 3 ) group to the amine (—NH 2 ) group is by a reduction reaction.
- the reduction reaction can comprise catalytic hydrogenation, for example, see Sheradsky, T. in The Chemistry of the Azido Group , Patai, S. Ed., Interscience Press (1971), Chapter 6, p. 331, or use of another reducing agent.
- Example 5 Disclosed in the '792 patent, Example 5 therein, is a procedure for the preparation of linezolid, wherein reduction of the corresponding azide (III) to the corresponding amine (II) is by hydrogenation, using ethyl acetate as the solvent.
- the present invention discloses a process for reduction wherein hydrogenation is carried out in the absence the solvent ethyl acetate, or using ammonium formate as a reducing agent in a variety of solvents or solvent systems.
- the reduction process is performed by catalytic hydrogenation in a process comprising:
- ethyl acetate is not present in such an amount as to function as a solvent or co-solvent.
- the absence of ethyl acetate is not intended to include situations where ethyl acetate is present in trace amounts or in amounts small enough to be insignificant in terms of functioning as a solvent.
- the most preferred organic solvent in step (a) is toluene.
- the organic solvent is in an amount of about 28 to about 40 volumes, more preferably about 35 volumes (g/mL) in order to obtain complete dissolution. These volumes are less than those mentioned in the '792 patent and thus provide an advantage.
- step (a) when combining the azide with the organic solvent in step (a), complete dissolution is obtained.
- Catalytic hydrogenation of azides in general are known in the art and is typically performed by flushing the reaction mixture 3 times with nitrogen and 3 times with hydrogen at 1.5 atm, while maintaining a temperature of about ⁇ 5° C. to about 35° C., preferably room temperature.
- the catalytic hydrogenation is preferably carried out to completion by using periodic TLC or HPLC analysis.
- Catalysts used are noble metal catalysts, such as platinum, palladium.
- the noble metal catalyst is palladium.
- the noble metal catalyst may be provided on an inert support such as carbon, activated carbon or alumina.
- the noble metal catalyst is palladium on carbon (“Pd/C”).
- the noble metal catalyst is an amount of about 2-20% compared to the azide.
- the catalytic hydrogenation reaction is conducted in the presence of any form of ammonium, including aqueous and gaseous form, water, a C 1 to C 2 alcohol, water or sodium hydroxide which is added to the reaction mixture in step (a).
- ammonia gas is bubbled or ammonium hydroxide is admixed into the reaction mixture in step (a).
- recovery may be performed by any method known in the art.
- the recovery is performed by filtering, more preferably through a celite filter and removal of the solvent.
- the organic solvent is in an amount of about 10 to about 25 volumes, more preferably about 15 volumes (g/mL). In known prior art processes, larger amounts of solvents are used in order to obtain complete dissolution.
- the most preferred solvent in step (a) is ethanol or butanol.
- the reducing agent is ammonium formate.
- Catalysts used are zinc or noble metal catalysts, such as platinum, palladium.
- the noble metal catalyst is palladium.
- the noble metal catalyst may be provided on an inert support such as carbon, activated carbon or alumina.
- the noble metal catalyst is palladium on carbon (“Pd/C”).
- the noble metal catalyst is in an amount of about 2-20% compared to the azide while the zinc is in an amount of about 1 to 2 equivalents, relative to the azide.
- the reduction is carried out to completion, as judged using periodic TLC or HPLC analysis.
- recovery may be performed by any method known in the art.
- the recovery is performed by filtering, more preferably through a celite filter and removal of the solvent.
- the present invention provides a process for reducing R—N-(4-morpholinyl-3-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl-methyl azide (II) to S—N-(4-morpholinyl-3-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl-methyl amine (II).
- This process comprises:
- the ester used is ethyl acetate.
- the reducing agent is sodium or potassium borohydride.
- the base used is alkaline earth hydroxides, more preferably sodium hydroxide.
- the reduction is carried out to completion by using periodic TLC or HPLC analysis to measure when the reaction has been carried out to completion.
- the present invention provides a process for reducing R—N-(4-morpholinyl-3-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl-methyl azide (III) to S—N-(4-morpholinyl-3-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl-methyl amine (II).
- This process comprises:
- R—N-(4-morpholinyl-3-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl-methyl azide (III) is combined with a toluene, benzene or ethyl acetate while toluene is more preferable.
- the reduction is carried out to completion by using periodic TLC or HPLC analysis to measure when the reaction has been carried out to completion.
- linezolid in another aspect of the present invention, provided are methods of preparing linezolid, that comprise one of the methods described above of reducing the azide (III) to the amine (II), and further reducing the amine (II) to linezolid by methods known in the art.
- the linezolid obtained is of high chemical purity, with respect to the inactive R-enantiomer and bis-linezolid, and is in high yield, without the need for tedious, complicated purification steps, such as chromatography.
- a one pot process wherein the amine (II) is not precipitated from the reduction reaction mixture but rather is converted directly in the solution to linezolid by acetylation. Even without precipitation and/or further purification of the amine (II), linezolid (I) free of undesirable levels of impurities so as not to require purification by such means as chromatography, can be produced.
- linezolid (I) When linezolid (I) is produced by the process of the present invention, it is in high purity and substantially free of by-products and undesirable levels of impurities such as bis-linezolid.
- the ability to produce pure intermediate amine (II) by the methods of the present invention avoids the need for tedious, expensive, and time consuming purification steps.
- purification steps are needed after the acetylation step that converts the amine to linezolid. This requires a tedious chromatography procedure and separation of the desired fraction, followed by evaporation and trituration of the product to obtain pure linezolid (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 5,688,792, at col. 15, 11. 22-28).
- Such manipulations are time consuming, expensive, and inevitably decrease yield.
- linezolid (I) can be produced with a content of less than about 3.2% of the bis-linezolid impurity, preferably less than about 1%, more preferably less than about 0.10%, and most preferably less than about 0.05%.
- linezolid (I) of high purity can be produced without the need for chromatographic purification procedures.
- Linezolid (I) having a purity of more than about 95%, preferably more than about 98%, and most preferably more than about 99% with respect to reaction by-product impurities can be obtained by employing the methods disclosed herein.
- the present invention further provides a process for preparing a pharmaceutical formulation comprising linezolid (I) having less than about 3.2% area by HPLC of bis-linezolid (IV), comprising:
- the bis-linezolid content is less than about 0.25% area by HPLC. More preferably, less than about 0. 10%, and most preferably less than about 0.05%.
- step b) If the level of the bis-linezolid measured in step b) is higher than about 3.2% area by HPLC, it may be reduced by crystallization from ethyl acetate.
- Linezolid (1.7 g, containing 3.15% bis-linezolid) was mixed with ethyl acetate (110 ml, 66V) and heated to reflux. The turbid solution was filtered while hot to obtain a clear solution. By cooling until room temperature, the crystals were filtered and dried. 1.22 g (71.3% yield) were obtained and analyzed for their bis-linezolid content. bis-linezolid was 0.02%.
- Linezolid (15 g, containing 0.16% bis-linezolid) was mixed with ethyl acetate (450 ml, 30V) and heated to reflux. The turbid solution was filtered while hot to obtain a clear solution. By cooling until room temperature, the crystals were filtered and dried. 12.5 g (83.3% yield) were obtained and analyzed for their bis-linezolid content. bis-linezolid was not detected.
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Abstract
The present invention provides improved methods of converting R—N-(4-morpholiyl-3-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl-methyl azide (III) to the intermediate S—N-(4-morpholinyl-3-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl-methyl amine (II) that involve the production of fewer by-products than previous methods. The amine (II) may then be converted into linezolid (I) of high chemical purity with respect to the inactive R-enantiomer and bis-linezolid (IV), and is in high yield, without the need for tedious, complicated purification steps, such as chromatography.
Description
- This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/361,457, filed Feb. 23, 2006, claims the benefit of priority to U.S. provisional application Ser. Nos. 60/656,778, filed Feb. 24, 2005, 60/656,646, filed Feb. 24, 2005, as well as 60/690,822, filed Jun. 14, 2005 which are incorporated herein by reference.
- The present invention relates to improved methods of converting the intermediate R—N-(4-morpholinyl-3-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl-methyl azide to the intermediate S—N-(4-morpholinyl-3-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl-methyl amine, and the use of such methods in the preparation of linezolid.
-
- Linezolid is described in The Merck Index (13th edition, Monograph number: 05526, CAS Registry Number: 165800-03-3) as white crystals, with a melting point of 181.5-182.5° C. Linezolid, as well as a process for its preparation, is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,688,792 (Example 5), European Patent No. 717738, Israeli Patent No. 110,802, Canadian Patent No. 2,168,560, and International Patent Publication WO 95/07271.
- This oxazolidinone is marketed in the United States by Pfizer, Inc. as an injection, tablet, and oral suspension under the name ZYVOX®. It is mainly used to treat nosocomial pneumonia, skin and skin-structure infections, and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium infections.
-
- This method of preparation was also disclosed in Bricker, et al., J. Med. Chem., 39 673-679 (1996), where it was stated that the above route avoids the use of phosgene to make the carbamate precursor of the oxazolidinone ring. The authors also disclose that the use of NaN3 can be avoided by using potassium phthalimide, followed by deblocking of the phthalimide with aqueous methyl amine.
- In the above-described synthesis, the intermediate amine, S—N-(4-morpholinyl-3-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl-methyl amine, having the following structure (II):
is reacted without isolation with acetic anhydride as an oily product or in solution to produce the acetamide, linezolid (I). This is followed by procedures for isolating the linezolid such as those described in the '792 patent (col. 15, 11. 22-28) wherein a method of chromatography and separation of the desired fraction is described, followed by evaporation and trituration of the product to obtain pure linezolid. Due to the necessary treatment required for recovery, linezolid is derived in low yields. - In the above-described syntheses, the intermediate azide, R—N-(4-morpholinyl-3-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl-methyl azide (III)
is reduced to its corresponding amine, S—N-(4-morpholinyl-3-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl-methyl amine (II) through catalytic hydrogenation in the presence of a palladium/carbon catalyst in the solvent ethyl acetate. These reaction conditions lead to the production of an undesirable level of reaction by-products, and thereby, following the acetylation of the intermediate amine (II) to linezolid (I), to undesirably high levels of bis-linezolid (IV). - It would be desirable to have a simple, efficient, industrial process for producing pure intermediate amine (II) used to then prepare linezolid (I) without the need of applying complicated and time consuming purification treatments, such as column chromatography, before the last trituration or recrystallization. The present invention provides such a method.
- In one embodiment of the present invention, the reduction process is performed by catalytic hydrogenation in a process comprising:
-
- (a) combining R—N-(4-morpholinyl-3-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl-methyl azide (III) with an organic solvent other than ethyl acetate selected from the group consisting of: C1-C8 linear or branched-chain aliphatic alcohols, C6-C12 aromatic hydrocarbons, mono-,di-, or tri-C1-C4 alkyl substituted or unsubstituted benzenes, C1 to C4 alkyl esters excluding ethyl acetate, and chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons to obtain a mixture;
- (b) inducing catalytic hydrogenation of the azide (III) mixture to obtain S—N-(4-morpholinyl-3-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl-methyl amine (II).
- In a another embodiment of the present invention, a process is provided wherein R—N-(4-morpholinyl-3-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl-methyl azide (III) is reduced to S—N-(4-morpholinyl-3-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl-methyl amine (II) by a process comprising:
-
- (a) combining R—N-(4-morpholinyl-3-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl-methyl azide (III) and a linear or branched-chain aliphatic C1 to C8 alcohol or a biphasic solvent system to obtain a reaction mixture; and
- (b) reduction using a reducing agent selected from the group of formic acid and salts thereof to obtain S—N-(4-morpholinyl-3-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl-methyl amine (II).
- In yet another embodiment, the present invention provides a process for reducing R—N-(4-morpholinyl-3-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl-methyl azide (III) to S—N-(4-morpholinyl-3-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl-methyl amine (II). This process comprises:
-
- (a) combining R—N-(4-morpholinyl-3-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl-methyl azide (III) and a C1 to C4 alkyl ester;
- (b) reduction using a reducing agent selected from the group of borohydrides and complexes thereof in the presence of an alkaline metal base to obtain S—N-(4-morpholinyl-3-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl-methyl amine (II).
- In a particularly preferred embodiment, the ester used is ethyl acetate. Preferably, the reducing agent is sodium or potassium borohydride. Preferably, the base used is alkaline earth hydroxides, more preferably sodium hydroxide.
- Preferably, the reduction is carried out to completion by using periodic TLC or HPLC analysis to measure when the reaction has been carried out to completion.
- In yet another embodiment, the present invention provides a process for reducing R—N-(4-morpholinyl-3-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl-methyl azide (III) to S—N-(4-morpholinyl-3-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl-methyl amine (II). This process comprises:
-
- (a) combining R—N-(4-morpholinyl-3-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl-methyl azide (III) and C1-C8 linear or branched-chain aliphatic alcohols, mono-, di-, or tri-C1-C4 alkyl substituted or unsubstituted benzenes, or C1 to C4 alkyl esters; and
- (b) reduction using a triethyl phosphite as a reducing agent to obtain S—N-(4-morpholinyl-3-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl-methyl amine (ID.
- In another aspect of the present invention, provided are methods of preparing linezolid (I), that comprise one of the methods described above of reducing the azide (III) to the amine (II), and further the reducing the amine (II) to linezolid by methods known in the art. The linezolid obtained is of high chemical purity, with respect to the inactive R-enantiomer and bis-linezolid (IV), and is in high yield, without the need for tedious, complicated purification steps, such as chromatography.
- By the process of the present invention, linezolid (1) can be produced with a content of less than about 3.2% of the bis-linezolid (IV) impurity, preferably less than about 1%, more preferably less than about 0. 10%, and most preferably less than about 0.05%.
- In addition, by the methods of the present invention, linezolid (I) of high purity can be produced without the need for chromatographic purification procedures. Linezolid (1) having a purity of more than about 95%, preferably more than about 98%, and most preferably more than about 99% with respect to reaction by-product impurities can be obtained by employing the methods disclosed herein.
- The present invention further provides a process for preparing a pharmaceutical formulation comprising linezolid (1) having less than about 3.2% area by HPLC of bis-linezolid (IV), comprising:
-
- a) obtaining one or more samples of one or more batches of linezolid (I);
- b) measuring the level of bis-linezolid (IV) in each of the samples;
- c) selecting a batch of linezolid (I) having a level of bis-linezolid (IV) of less than about 3.2% area by HPLC, based on the measurement of the samples from the batches; and
- d) using the selected batch to prepare a formulation comprising linezolid (I) having less than about 3.2% area by HPLC of bis-linezolid (IV).
- As used herein, room temperature and is meant to indicate a temperature of about 18 to about 25° C., preferably about 20 to about 22° C.
- As used herein, a biphasic solvent system can be a mixture of an organic solvent and an aqueous solvent. Preferably, the aqueous solvent is water. The ratio of organic solvent:water can be from about 0.1:1 to about 10:1, with a ratio of about 1:1 being preferred. The phase transfer agent can be selected from a wide variety of known phase transfer agents, including tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB).
- The present invention relates to novel and improved methods for the reduction of R—N-(4-morpholinyl-3-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl-methyl azide (III), to its corresponding amine, S—N-(4-morpholinyl-3-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl-methyl amine (II).
- As used herein, the conversion of the azide (—N3) group to the amine (—NH2) group is by a reduction reaction. In this context, the reduction reaction can comprise catalytic hydrogenation, for example, see Sheradsky, T. in The Chemistry of the Azido Group, Patai, S. Ed., Interscience Press (1971), Chapter 6, p. 331, or use of another reducing agent.
- Disclosed in the '792 patent, Example 5 therein, is a procedure for the preparation of linezolid, wherein reduction of the corresponding azide (III) to the corresponding amine (II) is by hydrogenation, using ethyl acetate as the solvent. In contradistinction, the present invention discloses a process for reduction wherein hydrogenation is carried out in the absence the solvent ethyl acetate, or using ammonium formate as a reducing agent in a variety of solvents or solvent systems.
- In one embodiment of the present invention, the reduction process is performed by catalytic hydrogenation in a process comprising:
-
- (a) combining R—N-(4-morpholinyl-3-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl-methyl azide (III) with an organic solvent other than ethyl acetate selected from the group consisting of: C1-C8 linear or branched-chain aliphatic alcohols, C6-C12 aromatic hydrocarbons, and mono-,di-, tri-C1 -C4 alkyl substituted or unsubstituted benzenes, C1 to C4 alkyl esters excluding ethyl acetate and chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons to obtain a mixture;
- (b) inducing catalytic hydrogenation of the said azide (III) mixture to obtain S—N-(4-morpholinyl-3-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl-methyl amine (II).
- In this process, ethyl acetate is not present in such an amount as to function as a solvent or co-solvent. The absence of ethyl acetate is not intended to include situations where ethyl acetate is present in trace amounts or in amounts small enough to be insignificant in terms of functioning as a solvent. The most preferred organic solvent in step (a) is toluene. Preferably, the organic solvent is in an amount of about 28 to about 40 volumes, more preferably about 35 volumes (g/mL) in order to obtain complete dissolution. These volumes are less than those mentioned in the '792 patent and thus provide an advantage.
- Preferably, when combining the azide with the organic solvent in step (a), complete dissolution is obtained.
- Catalytic hydrogenation of azides in general are known in the art and is typically performed by flushing the reaction mixture 3 times with nitrogen and 3 times with hydrogen at 1.5 atm, while maintaining a temperature of about −5° C. to about 35° C., preferably room temperature. The catalytic hydrogenation is preferably carried out to completion by using periodic TLC or HPLC analysis.
- This reduction reaction is conducted in the presence of a catalyst. Catalysts used are noble metal catalysts, such as platinum, palladium. Preferably the noble metal catalyst is palladium. The noble metal catalyst may be provided on an inert support such as carbon, activated carbon or alumina. Preferably, the noble metal catalyst is palladium on carbon (“Pd/C”). Preferably, the noble metal catalyst is an amount of about 2-20% compared to the azide.
- Preferably, the catalytic hydrogenation reaction is conducted in the presence of any form of ammonium, including aqueous and gaseous form, water, a C1 to C2 alcohol, water or sodium hydroxide which is added to the reaction mixture in step (a). Preferably, ammonia gas is bubbled or ammonium hydroxide is admixed into the reaction mixture in step (a).
- Once obtaining the S—N-(4-morpholinyl-3-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl-methyl amine (II) in step (b), recovery may be performed by any method known in the art.
- Preferably, the recovery is performed by filtering, more preferably through a celite filter and removal of the solvent.
- In a another embodiment of the present invention, a process is provided wherein R—N-(4-morpholinyl-3-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl-methyl azide (III) is reduced to S—N-(4-morpholinyl-3-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl-methyl amine by a process comprising:
-
- (a) combining R—N-(4-morpholinyl-3-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl-methyl azide (III) and a linear or branched-chain aliphatic C1 to C8 alcohol or a biphasic solvent system to obtain a reaction mixture; and
- (b) reduction using a reducing agent selected from the group of formic acid and salts thereof to obtain S—N-(4-morpholinyl-3-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl-methyl amine (II).
- Preferably, the organic solvent is in an amount of about 10 to about 25 volumes, more preferably about 15 volumes (g/mL). In known prior art processes, larger amounts of solvents are used in order to obtain complete dissolution.
- The most preferred solvent in step (a) is ethanol or butanol. Preferably, the reducing agent is ammonium formate.
- This reduction reaction is conducted in the presence of a catalyst. Catalysts used are zinc or noble metal catalysts, such as platinum, palladium. Preferably the noble metal catalyst is palladium. The noble metal catalyst may be provided on an inert support such as carbon, activated carbon or alumina. Preferably, the noble metal catalyst is palladium on carbon (“Pd/C”). Preferably, the noble metal catalyst is in an amount of about 2-20% compared to the azide while the zinc is in an amount of about 1 to 2 equivalents, relative to the azide.
- Preferably, the reduction is carried out to completion, as judged using periodic TLC or HPLC analysis.
- Once obtaining the S—N-(4-morpholinyl-3-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl-methyl amine (II) in step (b), recovery may be performed by any method known in the art. Preferably, the recovery is performed by filtering, more preferably through a celite filter and removal of the solvent.
- In yet another embodiment, the present invention provides a process for reducing R—N-(4-morpholinyl-3-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl-methyl azide (II) to S—N-(4-morpholinyl-3-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl-methyl amine (II). This process comprises:
-
- (a) combining R—N-(4-morpholinyl-3-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl-methyl azide (III) and a C1 to C4 alkyl ester;
- (b) reduction using a reducing agent selected from the group of borohydrides and complexes thereof in the presence of an alkaline metal base to obtain S—N-(4-morpholinyl-3-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl-methyl amine (II).
- In a particularly preferred embodiment, the ester used is ethyl acetate. Preferably, the reducing agent is sodium or potassium borohydride. Preferably, the base used is alkaline earth hydroxides, more preferably sodium hydroxide.
- Preferably, the reduction is carried out to completion by using periodic TLC or HPLC analysis to measure when the reaction has been carried out to completion.
- In yet another embodiment, the present invention provides a process for reducing R—N-(4-morpholinyl-3-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl-methyl azide (III) to S—N-(4-morpholinyl-3-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl-methyl amine (II). This process comprises:
-
- (a) combining R—N-(4-morpholinyl-3-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl-methyl azide (III) and a C1-C8 linear, mono-,di-, tri-C1-C4 alkyl substituted or unsubstituted benzenes, C1 to C4 alkyl esters or branched-chain aliphatic alcohol.
- (b) reduction using a triethyl phosphite as a reducing agent to obtain S—N-(4-morpholinyl-3-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl-methyl amine (II).
- Preferably R—N-(4-morpholinyl-3-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl-methyl azide (III) is combined with a toluene, benzene or ethyl acetate while toluene is more preferable.
- Preferably, the reduction is carried out to completion by using periodic TLC or HPLC analysis to measure when the reaction has been carried out to completion.
- In another aspect of the present invention, provided are methods of preparing linezolid, that comprise one of the methods described above of reducing the azide (III) to the amine (II), and further reducing the amine (II) to linezolid by methods known in the art. The linezolid obtained is of high chemical purity, with respect to the inactive R-enantiomer and bis-linezolid, and is in high yield, without the need for tedious, complicated purification steps, such as chromatography.
- In a preferred embodiment of this process, a one pot process is provided wherein the amine (II) is not precipitated from the reduction reaction mixture but rather is converted directly in the solution to linezolid by acetylation. Even without precipitation and/or further purification of the amine (II), linezolid (I) free of undesirable levels of impurities so as not to require purification by such means as chromatography, can be produced.
- When linezolid (I) is produced by the process of the present invention, it is in high purity and substantially free of by-products and undesirable levels of impurities such as bis-linezolid. In addition, the ability to produce pure intermediate amine (II) by the methods of the present invention avoids the need for tedious, expensive, and time consuming purification steps. In published procedures of preparing linezolid, purification steps are needed after the acetylation step that converts the amine to linezolid. This requires a tedious chromatography procedure and separation of the desired fraction, followed by evaporation and trituration of the product to obtain pure linezolid (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 5,688,792, at col. 15, 11. 22-28). Such manipulations are time consuming, expensive, and inevitably decrease yield.
- By the process of the present invention, linezolid (I) can be produced with a content of less than about 3.2% of the bis-linezolid impurity, preferably less than about 1%, more preferably less than about 0.10%, and most preferably less than about 0.05%.
- In addition, by the methods of the present invention, linezolid (I) of high purity can be produced without the need for chromatographic purification procedures. Linezolid (I) having a purity of more than about 95%, preferably more than about 98%, and most preferably more than about 99% with respect to reaction by-product impurities can be obtained by employing the methods disclosed herein.
- The present invention further provides a process for preparing a pharmaceutical formulation comprising linezolid (I) having less than about 3.2% area by HPLC of bis-linezolid (IV), comprising:
-
- (a) obtaining one or more samples of one or more batches of linezolid (I);
- (b) measuring the level of the compound of bis-linezolid (IV) in each of the samples;
- (c) selecting a batch of linezolid (I) having a level of bis-linezolid (IV) of less than about 3.2% area by HPLC, based on the measurement of the samples from the batches; and
- (d) using the selected batch to prepare a formulation comprising linezolid (I) having less than about 3.2% area by HPLC of bis-linezolid (IV).
- Preferably, the bis-linezolid content is less than about 0.25% area by HPLC. More preferably, less than about 0. 10%, and most preferably less than about 0.05%.
- If the level of the bis-linezolid measured in step b) is higher than about 3.2% area by HPLC, it may be reduced by crystallization from ethyl acetate.
- Having described the invention with reference to certain preferred embodiments, other embodiments will become apparent to one skilled in the art from consideration of the specification. The invention is further defined by reference to the following examples describing in detail the preparation of the composition and methods of use of the invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that many modifications, both to materials and methods, may be practiced without departing from the scope of the invention.
- In a 1L reactor, 6 g R—N-(4-morpholinyl-3-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl-methyl azide (III) was charged with 150 ml ethyl acetate, followed by 0.6 g Pd/C. The system was flushed 3 times with nitrogen and 3 times with hydrogen. The pressure of hydrogen was set to 1.5 atm. The reaction mixture was stirred at RT and the reaction followed by TLC or HPLC until completion. The reaction mixture was filtered through celite and the solution was treated with acetic anhydride in the presence of triethyl amine at RT. The precipitate was filtered and dried to obtain linezolid (I) crystalline Form IV with a 3.2% content of bis-linezolid (IV).
- In a 1L reactor, 9 g R—N-(4-morpholinyl-3-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl-methyl azide (III) was charged with 150 ml toluene, followed by 0.6 g Pd/C and 20 ml ammonium hydroxide. The system was flushed 3 times with nitrogen and 3 times with hydrogen. The pressure of hydrogen was set to 1.5 atm. The reaction mixture was stirred at RT and the reaction followed by TLC or HPLC until completion. The reaction mixture was filtered through celite and the solution was treated with 1.5 to 5 equivalents of acetic anhydride at RT. The precipitate formed was filtered and dried to obtain linezolid (I) No traces of bis-linezolid (4) were detected, indicating not more than 0.01% (w/w) bis-linezolid (4).
- In a 10L reactor, 150 g R—N-(4-morpholinyl-3-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl-methyl azide (III) was charged, followed by 15 g Pd/C in 5L toluene. Finally, 500 ml ammonium hydroxide was added. The system was flushed 3 times with nitrogen and 3 times with hydrogen. The pressure of hydrogen was set to 1.5 atm. The reaction mixture was stirred at RT and the reaction followed by TLC or HPLC until completion. The reaction mixture was filtered through celite.
- To the solution containing the obtained (S)—N-(4-morpholinyl-3-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl-methylamine (II) formed above, acetic anhydride was added drop wise (2 equivalents). The reaction mixture was stirred during 4 hours at RT. During this period, linezolid (I) crystals were precipitated. The crystals were filtered and dried. (% R-enantiomer of linezolid: 0.6% (w/w).
- In a 10L reactor, 150 g R—N-(4-morpholinyl-3-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl-methyl azide (III) was charged with 5L toluene, followed by 15 g Pd/C (10% Pd/C containing 52% water). The system was bubbled with ammonia (gas) during 2 h, then flushed 3 times with nitrogen and 3 times with hydrogen. The pressure of hydrogen was set to 1.5 atm. The reaction mixture was stirred at RT and the reaction followed until completion. The reaction mixture was filtered through celite and the solution was treated with 60 ml acetic anhydride at RT. The precipitate was filtered and dried to obtain linezolid (I) crystalline Form IV (purity: 99.5%, yield: 91%).
- In a 10L reactor, 150 g R—N-(4-morpholinyl-3-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl-methyl azide (III) was charged, followed by 15 g Pd/C in 5L toluene. Finally 500 ml ammonium hydroxide was added. The system was flushed 3 times with nitrogen and 3 times with hydrogen. The pressure of hydrogen was set to 1.5 atm. The reaction mixture was stirred at RT and the reaction followed by TLC or HPLC until completion. The reaction mixture was filtered through celite. S—N-(4-morpholinyl-3-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl-methyl amine (II) precipitated on standing and/or cooling as a white solid, was filtered, and dried at 50° C. overnight. (Form C, 98.6% total purity by HPLC).
- In a 10L reactor, 150 g R—N-(4-morpholinyl-3-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl-methyl azide (III) was charged with 5L toluene, followed by 15 g Pd/C (10% Pd/C containing 52% water). The system was bubbled with ammonia (gas) during 2 h, then flushed 3 times with nitrogen and 3 times with hydrogen. The pressure of hydrogen was set to 1.5 atm. The reaction mixture was stirred at RT and the reaction followed by TLC or HPLC until completion. The reaction mixture was filtered through celite and the solution was treated with 60 ml acetic anhydride at RT. The precipitate was filtered and dried to obtain crystalline linezolid (D (purity: 99.5%, yield: 91%).
- In a 10L reactor, 150 g R—N-(4-morpholinyl-3-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl-methyl azide were charged followed by 7.5 g Pd/C in 5.25L toluene. Finally, ammonia was bubbled for 1 hr. The system was flushed three times with nitrogen and 3 times with hydrogen. The pressure of hydrogen was set to 1.7 atm. The reaction mixture was stirred at RT and the reaction followed up until completion. The reaction mixture was filtered. The toluene was distillated out to dryness.
- 4.5L ethyl acetate were added to the residual (S)—N-(4-morpholinyl-3-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl-methylamine The mixture was heated until dissolution and filtered. To the solution, acetic anhydride was added drop wise (at least 2.5 equivalents). The reaction mixture was stirred over 2 hours at RT (until completion, if needed more acetic anhydride is added). During this period, linezolid was precipitated. The crystals wore filtered and dried (Form IV). No further purification is needed.
- In a three necked flask, 6.4 g R—N-(4-morpholinyl-3-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl-methyl azide (III) was charged, followed by 2.5 g ammonium formate, 23 ml ethanol, and 2.6 g zinc powder. The reaction mixture was stirred at RT and the reaction followed by TLC or HPLC until completion. 60 ml acetone was then added. The reaction mixture was filtered and by evaporation S—N-(4-morpholinyl-3-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl-methyl amine (II) was obtained as a solid. (Form A, 96.5% total purity by HPLC).
- In a three-necked flask, 6.4 g R—N-(4-morpholinyl-3-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl-methyl azide (III) was charged, followed by 100 ml butanol, 2.5 g ammonium formate, and 1.3 g 10% palladium over charcoal. The reaction mixture was stirred at 80° C. during 6 h. The reaction mixture was filtered. To the organic solution, 4 ml triethyl amine was added and the mixture was cooled to 0° C. 4.7 ml acetic anhydride was added dropwise. Linezolid (I) precipitated from the reaction mixture and was filtered off. 2.45 g dry linezolid (I) Form IV was obtained (purity: 93.2%; 50% yield).
- In a three necked flask, 6.4 g R—N-(4-morpholinyl-3-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl-methyl azide (III) was charged, followed by 2.5 g ammonium formate, 2.6 g zinc powder, 0.6 g TBAB, and 100 ml of a 1:1 mixture ethyl acetate: water. The reaction mixture was stirred at RT during 2 h, and then heated to reflux for 10 h. The reaction mixture was filtered. The phases were separated; the aqueous phase was extracted twice with ethyl acetate. All the organic phases were combined, 4 ml triethyl amine was added and the mixture was cooled to 0° C. 4.7 ml acetic anhydride was added drop wise. The reaction mixture was stirred overnight. 3.6 g dry linezolid (I) were obtained (purity: 98.7%, 54% yield).
- In a three necked flask, 10 g R—N-(4-morpholinyl-3-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl-methyl azide (III) was charged, followed by 1 g TBAB, 2 g NaBH4, 1 g NaOH pellets, and 100 ml ethyl acetate under a nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was maintained at 55° C. overnight. Water was added and the phases were separated. The aqueous phase was washed twice with ethyl acetate. The organic phases were combined. Triethyl amine (10 ml) was added to the solution, followed by 10 ml of acetic anhydride. The solution was stirred overnight. 30 ml petroleum ether was added, inducing precipitation of crystalline linezolid (I). 2.6 g white crystals were obtained (purity: 96.2% yield: 35%).
- 200 ml toluene at 25° C. was added to a flask containing 29 g of crystalline (S)—N-(4-morpholinyl-3-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl-methyl amine (II). Acetic anhydride (2.5 equivalents) was added dropwise. The reaction mixture was stirred overnight. Linezolid (I) that precipitated from the reaction mixture was filtered. The precipitate was dried at 50° C. in an oven overnight. The crystals obtained were analyzed by PXRD and showed linezolid (I) Form IV. The yield was 84.9% and the (R)-linezolid enantiomer content found was 0.03%. Furthermore, no traces of bis-linezolid (IV) were detected, indicating not more than 0.01% (w/w) bis-linezolid (IV).
- To the solution containing the obtained (S)—N-(4-morpholinyl-3-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl-methylamine (II), acetic anhydride was added drop wise (2 equivalents). The reaction mixture was stirred during 4 hours at RT. During this period, crude linezolid (I) was precipitated. The crystals were filtered and dried (% R-enantiomer of linezolid: 0.6% (w/w).
- 3 g of S—N-(4-morpholinyl-3-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl-methyl amine (II) was mixed with 50 ml ethyl acetate. 3 ml triethyl amine was added and the mixture was cooled to 0° C. 2.5 ml acetic anhydride was added drop wise. The reaction mixture was stirred overnight. 2.5 g dry linezolid (I) Form IV was obtained (purity: 98.3% yield: 70%).
- Linezolid (1.7 g, containing 3.15% bis-linezolid) was mixed with ethyl acetate (110 ml, 66V) and heated to reflux. The turbid solution was filtered while hot to obtain a clear solution. By cooling until room temperature, the crystals were filtered and dried. 1.22 g (71.3% yield) were obtained and analyzed for their bis-linezolid content. bis-linezolid was 0.02%.
- Linezolid (15 g, containing 0.16% bis-linezolid) was mixed with ethyl acetate (450 ml, 30V) and heated to reflux. The turbid solution was filtered while hot to obtain a clear solution. By cooling until room temperature, the crystals were filtered and dried. 12.5 g (83.3% yield) were obtained and analyzed for their bis-linezolid content. bis-linezolid was not detected.
- HPLC method
- Column Hypersil Gold 150×4.6, 5μ
- Detection limit: 0.1%
- Eluents: 0.01M K2HPO4:MeOH A: 80:20 B: 50:50
TABLE 1 Time A B Flow 0 100 0 1.5 15 57 43 2 25 35 65 2
Claims (23)
1. A process for preparation of S—N-(4-morpholinyl-3-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl-methyl amine (II) from R—N-(4-morpholinyl-3-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl-methyl azide (III) by catalytic hydrogenation comprising: combining R—N-(4-morpholinyl-3-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl-methyl azide (III) and a linear or branched-chain aliphatic C1 to C8 alcohol or a biphasic solvent system to obtain a reaction mixture; and reducing the said azide (III) using a reducing agent selected from the group of formic acid and salts thereof to obtain S—N-(4-morpholinyl-3-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl-methyl amine (II).
2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the alcohol is ethanol or butanol.
3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the amount of alcohol is about 10 volumes to about 25 volumes relative to the said azide.
4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the amount of alcohol is about 15 volumes (g/mL) relative the said azide.
5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the aqueous solvent of the biphasic solvent is water.
6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the organic solvent of the biphasic solvent is ethylacetate.
7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the ratio of organic solvent:water of the biphasic solvent is from about 0.1:1 to about 10:1
8. The process of claim 7 , wherein the ratio of organic solvent:water of the biphasic solvent is about 1:1.
9. The process of claim 1 , wherein the process comprises a phase transfer agent and the phase transfer agent is tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB) or Aliquot 336.
10. The process of claim 1 , wherein the reducing agent is ammonium formate.
11. The process of claim 1 , wherein reduction conducted in the presence of zinc or a noble metal catalyst on an inert support such as carbon, activated carbon, alumina or zinc.
12. The process in claim 11 , wherein the noble metal catalyst is palladium on carbon (“Pd/C”).
13. The process in claim 11 , wherein the noble metal catalyst is in an amount of about 2-20% compared to the azide.
14. The process in claim 11 , wherein the zinc is in an amount of about 1 to 2 equivalents, relative to the azide.
15. The process in claim 11 , wherein the reduction is carried out to completion as judged by using periodic TLC or HPLC analysis.
16. The process in claim 1 further comprising converting the said amine (II) into linezolid.
17. The process of claim 16 , wherein the linezolid (I) produced comprises less than about 3.2% of bis-linezolid (IV).
18. The process of claim 17 , wherein the linezolid (I) produced comprises less than about 1% of bis-linezolid (IV).
19. The process of claim 18 , wherein the linezolid (I) produced comprises less than about 0.1% of bis-linezolid (IV).
20. The process of claim 16 , wherein the linezolid (I) produced comprises less than about 0.05% of bis-linezolid (IV).
21. The process of claim 16 , wherein pure linezolid (I) is produced having a purity of more than about 95% with respect to reaction by-product impurities.
22. The process of claim 16 , wherein pure linezolid (I) is produced having a purity of more than about 98% with respect to reaction by-product impurities.
23. The process of claim 22 , wherein pure linezolid (I) is produced having a purity of more than about 99% with respect to reaction by-product impurities.
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- 2006-02-23 MX MX2007010141A patent/MX2007010141A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2006-02-23 WO PCT/US2006/006414 patent/WO2006091731A2/en active Application Filing
- 2006-02-23 EP EP06735895A patent/EP1866295A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-02-23 US US11/361,457 patent/US7291614B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-02-23 CA CA002602073A patent/CA2602073A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-02-23 JP JP2007554359A patent/JP2008530028A/en active Pending
- 2006-02-24 WO PCT/US2006/006655 patent/WO2006091848A2/en active Application Filing
- 2006-02-24 MX MX2007010136A patent/MX2007010136A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2006-02-24 MX MX2007010143A patent/MX2007010143A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2006-02-24 JP JP2007555389A patent/JP2008530144A/en active Pending
- 2006-02-24 TW TW095106393A patent/TW200640886A/en unknown
- 2006-02-24 US US11/361,509 patent/US20060252932A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-02-24 EP EP06721050A patent/EP1861383A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-02-24 CA CA002588876A patent/CA2588876A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-02-24 US US11/362,312 patent/US20060258655A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-02-24 WO PCT/US2006/006529 patent/WO2006091777A1/en active Application Filing
- 2006-02-24 EP EP06735977A patent/EP1853571A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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2007
- 2007-05-24 IL IL183380A patent/IL183380A0/en unknown
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- 2007-10-23 US US11/977,344 patent/US20080045707A1/en not_active Abandoned
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20060258655A1 (en) | 2006-11-16 |
JP2008530144A (en) | 2008-08-07 |
WO2006091848A2 (en) | 2006-08-31 |
EP1861383A2 (en) | 2007-12-05 |
EP1853571A1 (en) | 2007-11-14 |
IL183379A0 (en) | 2007-09-20 |
CA2602073A1 (en) | 2006-08-31 |
TW200640886A (en) | 2006-12-01 |
MX2007010143A (en) | 2007-09-27 |
WO2006091731A3 (en) | 2006-10-19 |
IL183380A0 (en) | 2007-09-20 |
US7291614B2 (en) | 2007-11-06 |
EP1866295A2 (en) | 2007-12-19 |
US20060252932A1 (en) | 2006-11-09 |
WO2006091731A2 (en) | 2006-08-31 |
CA2588876A1 (en) | 2006-08-31 |
MX2007010141A (en) | 2007-09-27 |
WO2006091848A9 (en) | 2006-11-09 |
WO2006091848A3 (en) | 2006-12-28 |
IL184038A0 (en) | 2007-10-31 |
MX2007010136A (en) | 2007-09-27 |
US20070021417A1 (en) | 2007-01-25 |
WO2006091777A1 (en) | 2006-08-31 |
JP2008530028A (en) | 2008-08-07 |
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