US20070278425A1 - Method of operating emitter for electron-beam projection lithography system - Google Patents
Method of operating emitter for electron-beam projection lithography system Download PDFInfo
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- US20070278425A1 US20070278425A1 US11/882,927 US88292707A US2007278425A1 US 20070278425 A1 US20070278425 A1 US 20070278425A1 US 88292707 A US88292707 A US 88292707A US 2007278425 A1 US2007278425 A1 US 2007278425A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/02—Details
- H01J37/04—Arrangements of electrodes and associated parts for generating or controlling the discharge, e.g. electron-optical arrangement, ion-optical arrangement
- H01J37/06—Electron sources; Electron guns
- H01J37/073—Electron guns using field emission, photo emission, or secondary emission electron sources
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/027—Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2237/00—Discharge tubes exposing object to beam, e.g. for analysis treatment, etching, imaging
- H01J2237/30—Electron or ion beam tubes for processing objects
- H01J2237/317—Processing objects on a microscale
- H01J2237/3175—Lithography
- H01J2237/31777—Lithography by projection
- H01J2237/31779—Lithography by projection from patterned photocathode
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electron-beam projection lithography system. More particularly, the present invention relates to an emitter for an electron-beam projection lithography system, the emitter being capable of emitting electrons only from a selected portion thereof, a manufacturing method thereof, and a method of operating the emitter.
- NGL next generation lithography
- EPL electron-beam projection lithography
- IPL ion projection lithography
- EUVL extreme ultraviolet lithography
- PXL proximity X-ray lithography
- the EPL system uses an electron-beam to pattern an electron-resist coated on a subject substrate.
- An electron beam emitter used in the EPL system can be easily realized, and the construction of the emitter is relatively simple.
- FIG. 1 a cross-sectional view of a conventional electron-beam projection lithography emitter is illustrated.
- an electron-beam projection lithography emitter 10 has a structure where an insulating layer 12 and a gate electrode layer 13 are sequentially stacked on a silicon substrate 11 .
- the insulating layer 12 is formed of a silicon oxide film
- the gate electrode layer 13 is formed of a conductive metal such as aluminum (Al).
- the insulating layer 12 of the emitter 10 is patterned into a predetermined pattern including a thin portion and a thick portion.
- a voltage is applied between the silicon substrate 11 and the gate electrode layer 13 , electrons are emitted through the thin portion of the insulating layer 12 from the silicon substrate 11 .
- the emitted electrons collide with an electron-resist coated on an object substrate to be processed (not shown), facing a top surface of the emitter 10 .
- the electron-resist is patterned in the same pattern as that of the insulating layer 12 .
- the pattern image formed on the emitter 10 is projected onto the object substrate to be processed. Then, after the first patterning throughout the entire area, there may be a need to repair or further pattern a portion of the patterned electron-resist.
- the conventional emitter 10 does not permit such partial electron emission.
- the present invention is therefore directed to an electron-beam emitter, method of making the electron-beam emitter, and method of using the electron-beam emitter, which substantially overcome one or more of the problems due to the limitations and disadvantages of the related art.
- an emitter for an electron-beam projection lithography system which includes a photoconductor substrate, an insulating layer formed on a front surface of the photoconductor substrate, a gate electrode layer formed on the insulating layer, and a base electrode layer formed on a rear surface of the photoconductor substrate and formed of a transparent conductive material.
- the gate electrode layer may include relatively thick and thin portions.
- the photoconductor substrate may include at least one of a gallium arsenide (GaAs) substrate or an amorphous silicon substrate.
- the insulating layer may be formed of an anodized metal, e.g., anodized alumina.
- the gate electrode layer may be formed of a metal selected from the group of gold (Au), palladium (Pd), titanium (Ti) and aluminum (Al).
- the base electrode layer may be formed of indium tin oxide.
- At least one of the above and other features and advantages of the present invention may be realized by providing a method of operating the above emitter including applying a voltage between the base electrode and the gate electrode layer, and projecting light onto a portion of the photoconductor substrate from the rear side of the emitter to convert a part of the photoconductor substrate into a conductor such that electrons are emitted only from the portion where the light is projected.
- the light may be from an ultraviolet light source or a laser.
- the light may be projected onto an entire surface of the substrate, e.g., before projecting light onto the portion of the substrate.
- the portion may include more than one non-adjacent portion. At least one of an intensity and a wavelength of the light may be varied.
- At least one of the above and other features and advantages of the present invention may be realized by providing a method of manufacturing an emitter for an electron-beam projection lithography system, the method including preparing a photoconductor substrate, forming a base electrode layer on a rear surface of the photoconductor substrate, the base electrode layer being transparent, forming an insulating layer on a front surface of the photoconductor substrate, and forming a gate electrode layer by depositing a conductive material on the insulating layer.
- the forming the base electrode layer may be performed after the forming the gate electrode layer.
- the photoconductor substrate may be at least one of a gallium arsenide (GaAs) substrate or an amorphous silicon substrate.
- the base electrode layer may be formed of indium tin oxide.
- the gate electrode layer may be formed of a metal selected from the group of gold (Au), palladium (Pd), titanium (Ti) and aluminum (Al).
- the forming the insulating layer may include depositing an anodizable metal, e.g., aluminum, on an entire surface of the photoconductor substrate, and anodizing the deposited metal, e.g., to form alumina.
- anodizable metal e.g., aluminum
- Forming the gate electrode layer may further include patterning the deposited conductive metal so as to have a thin portion and a thick portion relative to the thin portion.
- the patterning may-include depositing a first conductive material on the insulating layer to form a first conductor layer, patterning the first conductor layer to form a predetermined conductor layer pattern, and depositing a second conductive material on the first conductor layer and the insulating layer exposed by the patterning step to form a second conductor layer.
- the patterning the first conductor layer may include coating a resist on an upper surface of the first conductor layer, patterning the coated resist, selectively etching the first conductor layer by using the patterned resist as an etch mask, and removing the resist.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a cross-sectional view of an example of a conventional emitter for an electron-beam projection lithography system
- FIG. 2 illustrates a cross-sectional view of an emitter structure for an electron-beam projection lithography system and a method of operating the same according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIGS. 3 to 9 illustrate cross-sectional views of steps in a method of manufacturing the emitter for an electron-beam projection lithography system of FIG. 2 , according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 illustrates a cross-sectional view of an emitter structure for electron-beam projection lithography and a method of operating the same according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- an emitter 100 for an electron-beam projection lithography system includes a photoconductor substrate 110 , an insulating layer 120 formed on a front surface of the photoconductor substrate 1 10 , a gate electrode layer 130 formed on the insulating layer 120 , and a base electrode layer 140 formed on a rear surface of the photoconductor substrate 110 .
- the substrate 110 may be formed of a photoconductor.
- photoconductor means a material having an insulation property in a dark or un-illuminated region, and having a conductive property only in a region where light is incident thereon.
- light means electromagnetic radiation of any wavelength.
- the photoconductor may be any appropriate material fulfilling the above definition, e.g., gallium arsenide (GaAs) or amorphous silicon (Si).
- the insulating layer 120 may be formed of an anodized metal, e.g., alumina. Specifically, the insulating layer 120 may be formed by depositing an anodizable metal, e.g., aluminum, on a front surface of the photoconductor substrate 110 at a predetermined thickness and then anodizing the deposited metal.
- an anodizable metal e.g., aluminum
- the gate electrode layer 130 is formed on the insulating layer 120 and is formed of a conductive material, e.g., metal. More specifically, the gate electrode layer 130 may be formed of a metal selected from the group consisting of gold (Au), palladium (Pd), titanium (Ti) and aluminum (Al). Also, the gate electrode layer 130 may have a stepped structure, i.e., a pattern of alternating relatively thick and thin portions.
- the electron emission characteristic is sensitive to the material property and thickness of the gate electrode layer 130 .
- the amount of the electrons that are transmitted by the gate electrode layer 130 and thus emitted from the gate electrode layer 130 abruptly decreases. Accordingly, the electrons are not readily emitted through the relatively thick portion of the gate electrode layer 130 , but can be easily emitted through the relatively thin portion of the gate electrode layer 130 .
- the pattern of the gate electrode layer 130 can be projected on the electron-resist 151 coated on a surface of the object substrate 150 to be processed.
- the base electrode layer 140 is formed on the rear surface of the photoconductor substrate 110 , and is formed of a transparent conductive material so that the light projected onto the emitter 100 can be transmitted to the photoconductor substrate 110 .
- the base electrode layer 140 only needs to be transparent at the wavelength of the light being projected.
- the transparent conductive material may be indium tin oxide (ITO).
- a gate voltage V G is applied between the base electrode layer 140 and the gate electrode layer 130 from a first power source 161 .
- the photoconductive substrate 110 has an insulation property, hot electrons are not generated by the emitter 100 .
- light e.g., an ultraviolet or laser beam
- the portion (P) of the photoconductor substrate 110 where the light is projected is converted into a conductor.
- electrons start to be generated only in the portion (P).
- hot electrons generated only in the portion (P) of the photoconductor substrate 110 are transmitted to the thin portion of the gate electrode layer 130 and are then emitted according to the electron emission characteristic depending on the thickness of the gate electrode layer 130 .
- the hot electrons emitted from the emitter 100 may be accelerated by an acceleration voltage V A applied between the gate electrode layer 130 and an object substrate 150 to be processed, from a second power source 162 , and collide with an electron-resist 151 coated on the surface of the object substrate 150 .
- the emitter 100 by projecting light only onto on the portion (P) the photoconductor substrate 110 , partial emission of electrons becomes possible.
- the electron-resist 151 coated on the object substrate 150 can be partially patterned. Accordingly, it becomes possible to partly correct and repair the electron-resist 151 after the allover first patterning of the electron-resist 151 or to only pattern select portions of the electron-resist 151 .
- This allover first patterning may be achieved by providing light to the entire photoconductor substrate 110 .
- the light may be projected onto different portions of the emitter 100 at different times and/or may be projected to more than one portion of the emitter 100 at the same time, i.e., with resistive regions there between.
- the projection may be realized using an optical system to direct the light onto the emitter 100 and/or using a mask between the light source and the emitter 100 .
- the wavelength and/or intensity of the light may be varied to further control the output of the emitter 100 .
- the photoconductor substrate 110 having a predetermined thickness is prepared.
- the photoconductor substrate 110 may be made of various known photoconductors, e.g., a gallium arsenide (GaAs) substrate or an amorphous silicon substrate, processed to have a predetermined thickness.
- GaAs gallium arsenide
- a base electrode layer 140 is formed on a rear surface of the photoconductor substrate 110 .
- the base electrode layer 140 may be formed by depositing a transparent conductive material, e.g., indium tin oxide (ITO), to a predetermined thickness.
- ITO indium tin oxide
- the forming of the base electrode layer 140 may be performed after forming an insulating layer 120 and a gate electrode layer 130 to be described later.
- the insulating layer 120 is formed on a front surface of the photoconductor substrate 110 .
- an anodizable metal e.g., aluminum
- the deposited anodizable metal is anodized to form alumina (Al 2 O 3 ).
- the depositing may be by a vacuum evaporation or sputtering.
- the alumina serves as the insulating layer 120 .
- FIGS. 6 to 9 show steps of forming a gate electrode layer 130 on the insulating layer 120 .
- a first conductor layer 131 is formed on the insulating layer 120 .
- the first conductor layer 131 may be formed by depositing a conductive material, e.g., gold (Au), palladium (Pd), titanium (Ti) or aluminum (Al), at a predetermined thickness on the insulating layer 120 .
- the depositing may be by a vacuum evaporation or sputtering.
- a resist (R) is formed on an entire surface of the first conductor layer 131 and is then patterned into a desired pattern.
- the patterning of the resist (R) may be performed by general lithography, e.g., photolithography or electron-beam projection lithography.
- the patterned resist (R) is also removed.
- a second conductor layer 132 is formed.
- this depositing may be by a vacuum evaporation or sputtering,
- the gate electrode layer includes the first conductor layer 131 and the second conductor layer 132 , which form a pattern having relatively thick and thin portions on the insulating layer 120 .
- the emitter for an electron-beam projection lithography system can emit electrons from only portions thereof using a photoconductor substrate.
- This partial electron emission can be used to partially correct or repair an electron-resist to be patterned, e.g., after an allover first patterning.
- this partial correction/repair may be shifted as well. More than one portion may be illuminated simultaneously.
- the insulating layer of the emitter, the gate electrode layer and the base electrode layer may be formed of materials not specifically mentioned herein.
- the stacking and forming method of each material are only given by way of example, a variety of depositing and etching methods may be employed.
- the sequence of the respective operations in the manufacturing method of the emitter according to the present invention may be changed.
- the structure of the gate electrode layer may be as shown in the conventional art. Accordingly, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes in form and details may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as set forth in the following claims.
Abstract
An emitter for an electron-beam projection lithography system includes a photoconductor substrate, an insulating layer formed on a front surface of the photoconductor substrate, a gate electrode layer formed on the insulating layer, and a base electrode layer formed on a rear surface of the photoconductor substrate and formed of a transparent conductive material. In operation of the emitter, a voltage is applied between the base electrode and the gate electrode layer, light is projected onto a portion of the photoconductor substrate to convert the portion of the photoconductor substrate into a conductor such that electrons are emitted only from the partial portion where the light is projected. Since the emitter can partially emit electrons, partial correcting, patterning or repairing of a subject electron-resist can be realized.
Description
- This is a divisional application based on pending application Ser. No. 10/962,467, filed Oct. 13, 2004, the entire contents of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
- 1. Field of the Invention
- The present invention relates to an electron-beam projection lithography system. More particularly, the present invention relates to an emitter for an electron-beam projection lithography system, the emitter being capable of emitting electrons only from a selected portion thereof, a manufacturing method thereof, and a method of operating the emitter.
- 2. Description of the Related Art
- In semiconductor manufacturing processes, a variety of lithography systems are used for processing a surface of a substrate into a desired pattern. Optical lithography systems using visible light have been widely employed, but these systems are limited in how narrow a line width they can realize. Accordingly, a next generation lithography (NGL) system, which allows a more finely integrated semiconductor integration circuit with a line width of on the order of nanometers to be realized, has been recently proposed. The NGL system can be divided into an electron-beam projection lithography (EPL) system, an ion projection lithography (IPL) system, an extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) system, a proximity X-ray lithography (PXL) system, as well as others.
- The EPL system uses an electron-beam to pattern an electron-resist coated on a subject substrate. An electron beam emitter used in the EPL system can be easily realized, and the construction of the emitter is relatively simple.
- In
FIG. 1 , a cross-sectional view of a conventional electron-beam projection lithography emitter is illustrated. Referring toFIG. 1 , an electron-beamprojection lithography emitter 10 has a structure where aninsulating layer 12 and agate electrode layer 13 are sequentially stacked on asilicon substrate 11. Theinsulating layer 12 is formed of a silicon oxide film, and thegate electrode layer 13 is formed of a conductive metal such as aluminum (Al). - The
insulating layer 12 of theemitter 10 is patterned into a predetermined pattern including a thin portion and a thick portion. When a voltage is applied between thesilicon substrate 11 and thegate electrode layer 13, electrons are emitted through the thin portion of theinsulating layer 12 from thesilicon substrate 11. The emitted electrons collide with an electron-resist coated on an object substrate to be processed (not shown), facing a top surface of theemitter 10. As a result, the electron-resist is patterned in the same pattern as that of theinsulating layer 12. - As described above, since the electrons are emitted through an entire area, the pattern image formed on the
emitter 10 is projected onto the object substrate to be processed. Then, after the first patterning throughout the entire area, there may be a need to repair or further pattern a portion of the patterned electron-resist. However, theconventional emitter 10 does not permit such partial electron emission. - The present invention is therefore directed to an electron-beam emitter, method of making the electron-beam emitter, and method of using the electron-beam emitter, which substantially overcome one or more of the problems due to the limitations and disadvantages of the related art.
- It is a feature of an embodiment of the present invention to provide an emitter for an electron-beam projection lithography system capable of partial electron emission.
- It is another feature of an embodiment of the present invention to provide an emitter capable of partial electron emission for a partial correction or repair after an allover first patterning.
- It is still another feature of an embodiment of the present invention to provide a method of operating an emitter for an electron-beam projection lithography system using partial electron emission.
- It is yet another feature of an embodiment of the present invention to provide a method of manufacturing the emitter capable of partial electron emission for an electron-beam projection lithography system.
- At least one of the above and other features and advantages of the present invention may be realized by providing an emitter for an electron-beam projection lithography system, which includes a photoconductor substrate, an insulating layer formed on a front surface of the photoconductor substrate, a gate electrode layer formed on the insulating layer, and a base electrode layer formed on a rear surface of the photoconductor substrate and formed of a transparent conductive material.
- The gate electrode layer may include relatively thick and thin portions. The photoconductor substrate may include at least one of a gallium arsenide (GaAs) substrate or an amorphous silicon substrate. The insulating layer may be formed of an anodized metal, e.g., anodized alumina. The gate electrode layer may be formed of a metal selected from the group of gold (Au), palladium (Pd), titanium (Ti) and aluminum (Al). The base electrode layer may be formed of indium tin oxide.
- At least one of the above and other features and advantages of the present invention may be realized by providing a method of operating the above emitter including applying a voltage between the base electrode and the gate electrode layer, and projecting light onto a portion of the photoconductor substrate from the rear side of the emitter to convert a part of the photoconductor substrate into a conductor such that electrons are emitted only from the portion where the light is projected.
- The light may be from an ultraviolet light source or a laser. The light may be projected onto an entire surface of the substrate, e.g., before projecting light onto the portion of the substrate. The portion may include more than one non-adjacent portion. At least one of an intensity and a wavelength of the light may be varied.
- At least one of the above and other features and advantages of the present invention may be realized by providing a method of manufacturing an emitter for an electron-beam projection lithography system, the method including preparing a photoconductor substrate, forming a base electrode layer on a rear surface of the photoconductor substrate, the base electrode layer being transparent, forming an insulating layer on a front surface of the photoconductor substrate, and forming a gate electrode layer by depositing a conductive material on the insulating layer.
- The forming the base electrode layer may be performed after the forming the gate electrode layer. The photoconductor substrate may be at least one of a gallium arsenide (GaAs) substrate or an amorphous silicon substrate. The base electrode layer may be formed of indium tin oxide.
- The gate electrode layer may be formed of a metal selected from the group of gold (Au), palladium (Pd), titanium (Ti) and aluminum (Al).
- The forming the insulating layer may include depositing an anodizable metal, e.g., aluminum, on an entire surface of the photoconductor substrate, and anodizing the deposited metal, e.g., to form alumina.
- Forming the gate electrode layer may further include patterning the deposited conductive metal so as to have a thin portion and a thick portion relative to the thin portion. The patterning may-include depositing a first conductive material on the insulating layer to form a first conductor layer, patterning the first conductor layer to form a predetermined conductor layer pattern, and depositing a second conductive material on the first conductor layer and the insulating layer exposed by the patterning step to form a second conductor layer. The patterning the first conductor layer may include coating a resist on an upper surface of the first conductor layer, patterning the coated resist, selectively etching the first conductor layer by using the patterned resist as an etch mask, and removing the resist.
- The above and other features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art by describing in detail exemplary embodiments thereof with reference to the attached drawings in which:
-
FIG. 1 illustrates a cross-sectional view of an example of a conventional emitter for an electron-beam projection lithography system; -
FIG. 2 illustrates a cross-sectional view of an emitter structure for an electron-beam projection lithography system and a method of operating the same according to an embodiment of the present invention; and - FIGS. 3 to 9 illustrate cross-sectional views of steps in a method of manufacturing the emitter for an electron-beam projection lithography system of
FIG. 2 , according to an embodiment of the present invention. - Korean Patent Application No. 2003-70990, filed on Oct. 13, 2003, in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, and entitled: “Emitter for Electron-beam Projection Lithography, operating method and manufacturing Method thereof,” is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
- The present invention will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown. The invention may, however, be embodied in different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art. In the figures, the dimensions of layers and regions are exaggerated for clarity of illustration. It will also be understood that when a layer is referred to as being “on” another layer or substrate, it can be directly on the other layer or substrate, or intervening layers may also be present. Further, it will be understood that when a layer is referred to as being “under” another layer, it can be directly under, and one or more intervening layers may also be present. In addition, it will also be understood that when a layer is referred to as being “between” two layers, it can be the only layer between the two layers, or one or more intervening layers may also be present. Like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout.
-
FIG. 2 illustrates a cross-sectional view of an emitter structure for electron-beam projection lithography and a method of operating the same according to an embodiment of the present invention. - Referring to
FIG. 2 , anemitter 100 for an electron-beam projection lithography system according to the present invention includes aphotoconductor substrate 110, an insulatinglayer 120 formed on a front surface of the photoconductor substrate 1 10, agate electrode layer 130 formed on the insulatinglayer 120, and abase electrode layer 140 formed on a rear surface of thephotoconductor substrate 110. - The
substrate 110 may be formed of a photoconductor. As used herein, “photoconductor” means a material having an insulation property in a dark or un-illuminated region, and having a conductive property only in a region where light is incident thereon. As used herein, “light” means electromagnetic radiation of any wavelength. - Thus, when light is projected onto the
photoconductor substrate 110, only a region where light is incident is converted into a conductor, while a remaining region where light is not incident remains insulating. The photoconductor may be any appropriate material fulfilling the above definition, e.g., gallium arsenide (GaAs) or amorphous silicon (Si). - The insulating
layer 120 may be formed of an anodized metal, e.g., alumina. Specifically, the insulatinglayer 120 may be formed by depositing an anodizable metal, e.g., aluminum, on a front surface of thephotoconductor substrate 110 at a predetermined thickness and then anodizing the deposited metal. - The
gate electrode layer 130 is formed on the insulatinglayer 120 and is formed of a conductive material, e.g., metal. More specifically, thegate electrode layer 130 may be formed of a metal selected from the group consisting of gold (Au), palladium (Pd), titanium (Ti) and aluminum (Al). Also, thegate electrode layer 130 may have a stepped structure, i.e., a pattern of alternating relatively thick and thin portions. - In general, the electron emission characteristic is sensitive to the material property and thickness of the
gate electrode layer 130. As the thickness of thegate electrode layer 130 increases, the amount of the electrons that are transmitted by thegate electrode layer 130 and thus emitted from thegate electrode layer 130 abruptly decreases. Accordingly, the electrons are not readily emitted through the relatively thick portion of thegate electrode layer 130, but can be easily emitted through the relatively thin portion of thegate electrode layer 130. By the aforementioned characteristic, the pattern of thegate electrode layer 130 can be projected on the electron-resist 151 coated on a surface of theobject substrate 150 to be processed. - The
base electrode layer 140 is formed on the rear surface of thephotoconductor substrate 110, and is formed of a transparent conductive material so that the light projected onto theemitter 100 can be transmitted to thephotoconductor substrate 110. Of course, thebase electrode layer 140 only needs to be transparent at the wavelength of the light being projected. As an example, if the light is in the visible region, the transparent conductive material may be indium tin oxide (ITO). - Next, an operating method of the
emitter 100 for electron-beam projection lithography will be described. - Referring to
FIG. 2 , in theemitter 100 constructed as above, a gate voltage VG is applied between thebase electrode layer 140 and thegate electrode layer 130 from afirst power source 161. At this time, since thephotoconductive substrate 110 has an insulation property, hot electrons are not generated by theemitter 100. However, if light, e.g., an ultraviolet or laser beam, is projected onto a portion (P) of thephotoconductor substrate 110 from the rear side of theemitter 100, the portion (P) of thephotoconductor substrate 110 where the light is projected is converted into a conductor. Thus, electrons start to be generated only in the portion (P). - Thus, hot electrons generated only in the portion (P) of the
photoconductor substrate 110 are transmitted to the thin portion of thegate electrode layer 130 and are then emitted according to the electron emission characteristic depending on the thickness of thegate electrode layer 130. The hot electrons emitted from theemitter 100 may be accelerated by an acceleration voltage VA applied between thegate electrode layer 130 and anobject substrate 150 to be processed, from asecond power source 162, and collide with an electron-resist 151 coated on the surface of theobject substrate 150. - As aforementioned, according to the
emitter 100, by projecting light only onto on the portion (P) thephotoconductor substrate 110, partial emission of electrons becomes possible. Thus, the electron-resist 151 coated on theobject substrate 150 can be partially patterned. Accordingly, it becomes possible to partly correct and repair the electron-resist 151 after the allover first patterning of the electron-resist 151 or to only pattern select portions of the electron-resist 151. This allover first patterning may be achieved by providing light to theentire photoconductor substrate 110. - The light may be projected onto different portions of the
emitter 100 at different times and/or may be projected to more than one portion of theemitter 100 at the same time, i.e., with resistive regions there between. The projection may be realized using an optical system to direct the light onto theemitter 100 and/or using a mask between the light source and theemitter 100. The wavelength and/or intensity of the light may be varied to further control the output of theemitter 100. - Hereinafter, a manufacturing method of the emitter for electron-beam projection lithography shown in
FIG. 2 according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described step-by-step with reference to FIGS. 3 to 9. - First, referring to
FIG. 3 , aphotoconductor substrate 110 having a predetermined thickness is prepared. Thephotoconductor substrate 110 may be made of various known photoconductors, e.g., a gallium arsenide (GaAs) substrate or an amorphous silicon substrate, processed to have a predetermined thickness. - Next, as shown in
FIG. 4 , abase electrode layer 140 is formed on a rear surface of thephotoconductor substrate 110. Specifically, thebase electrode layer 140 may be formed by depositing a transparent conductive material, e.g., indium tin oxide (ITO), to a predetermined thickness. The forming of thebase electrode layer 140 may be performed after forming an insulatinglayer 120 and agate electrode layer 130 to be described later. - Next, as shown in
FIG. 5 , the insulatinglayer 120 is formed on a front surface of thephotoconductor substrate 110. As an example, an anodizable metal, e.g., aluminum, is deposited at a predetermined thickness, and the deposited anodizable metal is anodized to form alumina (Al2O3). The depositing may be by a vacuum evaporation or sputtering. The alumina serves as the insulatinglayer 120. - FIGS. 6 to 9 show steps of forming a
gate electrode layer 130 on the insulatinglayer 120. - First, as shown in
FIG. 6 , afirst conductor layer 131 is formed on the insulatinglayer 120. Specifically, thefirst conductor layer 131 may be formed by depositing a conductive material, e.g., gold (Au), palladium (Pd), titanium (Ti) or aluminum (Al), at a predetermined thickness on the insulatinglayer 120. The depositing may be by a vacuum evaporation or sputtering. - Next, as shown in
FIG. 7 , a resist (R) is formed on an entire surface of thefirst conductor layer 131 and is then patterned into a desired pattern. The patterning of the resist (R) may be performed by general lithography, e.g., photolithography or electron-beam projection lithography. - Next, as shown in
FIG. 8 , after the exposed portion of thefirst conductor layer 131 is etched and removed by using the patterned resist (R) as the etch mask, the patterned resist (R) is also removed. - Next, as shown in
FIG. 9 , by again depositing a conductive material, for instance, gold (Au), palladium (Pd), titanium (Ti) or aluminum (Al), at a predetermined thickness on an entire surface of the resultant ofFIG. 8 , asecond conductor layer 132 is formed. Again, this depositing may be by a vacuum evaporation or sputtering, As a result, the gate electrode layer includes thefirst conductor layer 131 and thesecond conductor layer 132, which form a pattern having relatively thick and thin portions on the insulatinglayer 120. - As described previously, the emitter for an electron-beam projection lithography system according to the present invention can emit electrons from only portions thereof using a photoconductor substrate. This partial electron emission can be used to partially correct or repair an electron-resist to be patterned, e.g., after an allover first patterning. By shifting the location of the portion of the photoconductor being illuminated, this partial correction/repair may be shifted as well. More than one portion may be illuminated simultaneously.
- While the present invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to exemplary embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the following claims. For instance, the insulating layer of the emitter, the gate electrode layer and the base electrode layer may be formed of materials not specifically mentioned herein. Also, since the stacking and forming method of each material are only given by way of example, a variety of depositing and etching methods may be employed. Further, the sequence of the respective operations in the manufacturing method of the emitter according to the present invention may be changed. Finally, the structure of the gate electrode layer may be as shown in the conventional art. Accordingly, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes in form and details may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as set forth in the following claims.
Claims (15)
1-7. (canceled)
8. A method of operating an emitter for an electron-beam projection lithography system, the emitter including a photoconductor substrate, an insulating layer formed on a front surface of the photoconductor substrate, a gate electrode layer formed on the insulating layer, and a base electrode layer formed on a rear surface of the photoconductor substrate and formed of a transparent conductive material, the method comprising:
applying a voltage between the base electrode and the gate electrode layer; and
projecting light onto a portion of the photoconductor substrate from the rear side of the emitter to convert a part of the photoconductor substrate into a conductor such that electrons are emitted only from the portion where the light is projected.
9. The method as claimed in claim 8 , wherein the light is from at least one of an ultraviolet light source and a laser.
10. The method as claimed in claim 8 , further comprising projecting light onto an entire surface of the substrate.
11. The method as claimed in claim 10 , wherein projecting light onto an entire surface of the substrate is prior to projecting light onto the portion of the substrate.
12. The method as claimed in claim 8 , wherein the portion includes more than one non-adjacent portion.
13. The method as claimed in claim 8 , further comprising varying at least one of an intensity and a wavelength of light.
14-23. (canceled)
24. The method as claimed in claim 8 , wherein the gate electrode layer comprises relatively thick and thin portions.
25. The method as claimed in claim 8 , wherein the photoconductor substrate comprises at least one of a gallium arsenide substrate and an amorphous silicon substrate.
26. The method as claimed in claim 8 , wherein the insulating layer is formed of an anodized metal.
27. The method as claimed in claim 26 , wherein the insulating layer is formed of an anodized alumina.
28. The method as claimed in claim 27 , wherein the gate electrode layer is formed of a metal selected from the group consisting of gold (Au), palladium (Pd), titanium (Ti) and aluminum (Al).
29. The method as claimed in claim 8 , further comprising applying an acceleration voltage between an object substrate and the gate electrode layer.
30. The method as claimed in claim 8 , wherein projecting light includes providing a mask between a light source and the rear side of the emitter.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/882,927 US20070278425A1 (en) | 2003-10-13 | 2007-08-07 | Method of operating emitter for electron-beam projection lithography system |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR1020030070990A KR100928965B1 (en) | 2003-10-13 | 2003-10-13 | Emitter for electron beam projection lithography, method of operation and manufacturing method |
KR2003-70990 | 2003-10-13 | ||
US10/962,467 US7256406B2 (en) | 2003-10-13 | 2004-10-13 | Emitter for electron-beam projection lithography system, and method of manufacturing and operating the emitter |
US11/882,927 US20070278425A1 (en) | 2003-10-13 | 2007-08-07 | Method of operating emitter for electron-beam projection lithography system |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/962,467 Division US7256406B2 (en) | 2003-10-13 | 2004-10-13 | Emitter for electron-beam projection lithography system, and method of manufacturing and operating the emitter |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US20070278425A1 true US20070278425A1 (en) | 2007-12-06 |
Family
ID=34420632
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US10/962,467 Expired - Fee Related US7256406B2 (en) | 2003-10-13 | 2004-10-13 | Emitter for electron-beam projection lithography system, and method of manufacturing and operating the emitter |
US11/882,927 Abandoned US20070278425A1 (en) | 2003-10-13 | 2007-08-07 | Method of operating emitter for electron-beam projection lithography system |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US10/962,467 Expired - Fee Related US7256406B2 (en) | 2003-10-13 | 2004-10-13 | Emitter for electron-beam projection lithography system, and method of manufacturing and operating the emitter |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
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US (2) | US7256406B2 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2005123616A (en) |
KR (1) | KR100928965B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1607465A (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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EP3027419B1 (en) * | 2013-07-31 | 2017-12-20 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company L.P. | Coated photoconductive substrate |
JP6227401B2 (en) * | 2013-12-26 | 2017-11-08 | シャープ株式会社 | Electron emitting device and electron emitting device |
CN112921380B (en) * | 2021-01-20 | 2022-04-22 | 桂林理工大学 | Patterned electronic light source device based on anodic aluminum oxide template and manufacturing method thereof |
CN112882351A (en) * | 2021-01-20 | 2021-06-01 | 桂林理工大学 | Patterned emitter for electron beam projection lithography system and method of making the same |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3843916A (en) * | 1971-07-16 | 1974-10-22 | Thomson Csf | Motor control for the production of masks for subminiaturised circuits |
US4906894A (en) * | 1986-06-19 | 1990-03-06 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Photoelectron beam converting device and method of driving the same |
US4954717A (en) * | 1987-12-15 | 1990-09-04 | Fujitsu Limited | Photoelectron mask and photo cathode image projection method using the same |
US5621224A (en) * | 1994-10-07 | 1997-04-15 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Semiconductor device including a silicon film having an irregular surface |
US6376985B2 (en) * | 1998-03-31 | 2002-04-23 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Gated photocathode for controlled single and multiple electron beam emission |
US7025892B1 (en) * | 1993-09-08 | 2006-04-11 | Candescent Technologies Corporation | Method for creating gated filament structures for field emission displays |
US20060127800A1 (en) * | 2002-12-05 | 2006-06-15 | Wu-Song Huang | High sensitivity resist compositions for electron-based lithography |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPWO2002037518A1 (en) | 2000-11-06 | 2004-03-11 | 富士通株式会社 | Field emission cathode and method of manufacturing the same |
-
2003
- 2003-10-13 KR KR1020030070990A patent/KR100928965B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2004
- 2004-08-09 CN CNA2004100564462A patent/CN1607465A/en active Pending
- 2004-10-12 JP JP2004297238A patent/JP2005123616A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-10-13 US US10/962,467 patent/US7256406B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2007
- 2007-08-07 US US11/882,927 patent/US20070278425A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3843916A (en) * | 1971-07-16 | 1974-10-22 | Thomson Csf | Motor control for the production of masks for subminiaturised circuits |
US4906894A (en) * | 1986-06-19 | 1990-03-06 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Photoelectron beam converting device and method of driving the same |
US4954717A (en) * | 1987-12-15 | 1990-09-04 | Fujitsu Limited | Photoelectron mask and photo cathode image projection method using the same |
US7025892B1 (en) * | 1993-09-08 | 2006-04-11 | Candescent Technologies Corporation | Method for creating gated filament structures for field emission displays |
US5621224A (en) * | 1994-10-07 | 1997-04-15 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Semiconductor device including a silicon film having an irregular surface |
US6376985B2 (en) * | 1998-03-31 | 2002-04-23 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Gated photocathode for controlled single and multiple electron beam emission |
US20060127800A1 (en) * | 2002-12-05 | 2006-06-15 | Wu-Song Huang | High sensitivity resist compositions for electron-based lithography |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1607465A (en) | 2005-04-20 |
US7256406B2 (en) | 2007-08-14 |
JP2005123616A (en) | 2005-05-12 |
US20050077833A1 (en) | 2005-04-14 |
KR20050035570A (en) | 2005-04-19 |
KR100928965B1 (en) | 2009-11-26 |
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