US20060191603A1 - Lower strength material for MLS active layers - Google Patents
Lower strength material for MLS active layers Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20060191603A1 US20060191603A1 US11/066,084 US6608405A US2006191603A1 US 20060191603 A1 US20060191603 A1 US 20060191603A1 US 6608405 A US6608405 A US 6608405A US 2006191603 A1 US2006191603 A1 US 2006191603A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- mpa
- gasket
- tensile strength
- metal layer
- yield strength
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
- F16J15/00—Sealings
- F16J15/02—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces
- F16J15/06—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces
- F16J15/08—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces with exclusively metal packing
- F16J15/0818—Flat gaskets
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
- F16J15/00—Sealings
- F16J15/02—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces
- F16J15/06—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces
- F16J15/08—Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces with exclusively metal packing
- F16J15/0818—Flat gaskets
- F16J15/0825—Flat gaskets laminated
Abstract
Description
- The present invention relates to multi-layer steel (MLS) gaskets and in particular to MLS gasket materials that exhibit improved sealing characteristics.
- The trends to reduce fuel consumption and emissions in internal combustion engine powered vehicles have placed increased demands on the performance of many components. Reducing fuel consumption by using lighter materials in engine cylinder blocks and head assemblies has proven successful, although the lighter alloys used typically experience greater deflection with equivalent cylinder compression ratios. This reduced stiffness may result in additional deflection within the head assembly and cylinder block, resulting in greater deflection between the head assembly and cylinder block, and thus, increased demand on a cylinder head gasket to accommodate relative deflection.
- Reducing emissions by increasing the engine compression ratio has also proven successful. However, this increase in cylinder pressure typically results in increased motion between the mating surfaces of the head assembly and cylinder block. These factors, and others, have resulted in the technology of MLS cylinder head gaskets becoming an area of constant innovation.
- The gasket areas immediately adjacent the circumference of engine cylinder bore apertures are subject to considerably greater stresses for assuring proper sealing than areas of the gasket radially remote from the apertures. These gasket areas immediately adjacent the circumference of engine cylinder bore apertures also experience greater displacement between the mating surfaces than areas of the gasket radially remote from the apertures. Typically, MLS gaskets incorporate at least one beaded region to ensure an adequate seal.
- This displacement between the mating surfaces results in axial motion within the active layers and creates a micro-motion between the active layer and any adjoining surface. This motion requires a minimum durability in the beaded region to ensure that the gasket repeatably seals between the mating surfaces.
- Layers with beaded regions, also called “active” layers, exert pressure on the sealing surfaces to ensure an adequate seal. Generally, the higher the surface pressures, the better the sealing function, or sealing capability. MLS gaskets sealing between a cylinder head assembly and a cylinder block are typically exposed to temperatures that often exceed 1600° F.
- Selection of materials for the active layers is typically limited due to the desired hardness, durability, spring rate, ductility, softening point, and other characteristics. Conventionally, materials have been selected by considering the available desirable properties of materials that have evolved into use.
- A typical material for active layers of MLS gaskets is 301 stainless steel (301 SS). Tensile strength for 301 SS is in a range of about 1350 to 1600 MPA, and yield strength is in a range of about 1050 to 1250 MPA. While 301 SS has the capacity to retain adequate properties during engine operation, improved materials are sought to increase gasket sealability, reliability, and/or capacity to withstand increased displacement between the mating surfaces.
- The present invention relates to a material for a MLS gasket that has a yield strength that is greater than about 90% of the tensile strength. The tensile strength is in a range of about 1000 MPA to about 1150 MPA.
- The present invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
-
FIG. 1 is a partial view of a multi-layer steel cylinder head gasket in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. -
FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the gasket ofFIG. 1 , taken along line 2-2, with the layers separated for clarity. -
FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of ametal gasket 20 which is a cylinder head gasket. Thegasket 20 is positioned between mating surfaces of a cylinder head assembly (not shown) and a cylinder block (not shown) of an internal combustion engine. Thegasket 20 includes at least onemetal layer 24. As depicted, only theuppermost metal layer 24 is shown. Eachmetal layer 24 is defined by a plurality ofcylinder apertures 26,bolt apertures 28, andjacket apertures 30. Eachjacket aperture 30 may transport a cooling fluid, or a lubricating fluid. Themetal layers 24 are arranged such that theapertures -
FIG. 2 illustratesgasket 20 to further include asecond metal layer 32.Second metal layer 32 includes afirst surface 36, asecond surface 38, and acylinder region surface 40.Second metal layer 32 is also illustrated to include abead region 46 and astopper region 48. As illustrated,second metal layer 32 extends in a radial direction R withbead region 46 andstopper region 48 having portions that extend in an axial direction A.Second metal layer 32 acts as an active layer, as described in greater detail below. - During installation of the gasket of
FIGS. 1 and 2 ,bead region 46 is partially compressed in the axial direction A, thereby causingbead region 46 to foreshorten in the axial direction A and portions ofbead region 46 to experience some movement in the radial direction R. During engine operation, relative movement between the mating surfaces in the axial direction A requires portions ofbead region 46 to elastically move in the axial direction A in order to properly seal the mating surfaces. This elastic movement in the axial direction A ofbead region 46 causes micro-motion of portions ofbead region 46 in the radial direction R relative to surfaces in contact withfirst surface 36 andsecond surface 38. Whenbead region 46 does not have sufficient strength throughoutbead region 46, cracking and fretting may occur. - In order to improve the desired physical properties of materials used in active layers, such as
second metal layer 32, a theoretical simulation has been performed to identify desirable properties forbead region 46. Since many physical properties of metals vary as temperatures exceed several hundred degrees F., and some physical properties vary in relation to others, material selection is complicated by a variety of competing factors. - One of these competing factors is internal stress. In order to improve durability, internal stress should be reduced. However, in order to improve sealing function, internal stress should be increased to correspondingly increase the surface pressure that bead
region 46 applies in axial direction A. - Computer simulations performed by the inventor for optimizing the physical properties of
bead region 46 have indicated that a tensile strength (at about 70° F.) in a range of about 1000 MPA (145 ksi) to about 1150 MPA (166 ksi) and a yield strength of at least about 90% of the tensile strength will result in a gasket that is optimized for both durability and sealing function. Preferably, the material will retain about 70% of these respective strengths at gasket operating temperatures. These properties were determined by keeping the internal stress at a minimum value to ensure adequate sealing function. - Testing was performed on materials with a yield strength that is within 90% of the tensile strength, although these materials have a tensile strength below 1000 MPA. The durability of gaskets produced with these materials was adequate, but the sealing capabilities did not meet the desired test requirements. A material with an increase in both tensile strength and yield strength over the tested materials is expected to produce a gasket with desired durability and sealing capacity.
- Preferably, materials for
second metal layer 32 are stainless steels, including those that are austenitic, martensitic, and ferritic, although other materials, such as an Inconel® that maintains these desired properties at operating temperatures, may also be used. - While the invention has been described with respect to specific examples including preferred modes of carrying out the invention, those skilled in the art will appreciate that there are numerous variations and permutations of the above described systems and techniques that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims.
Claims (20)
Priority Applications (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/066,084 US20060191603A1 (en) | 2005-02-25 | 2005-02-25 | Lower strength material for MLS active layers |
PCT/IB2006/050514 WO2006090311A1 (en) | 2005-02-25 | 2006-02-16 | Lower strength material for mls layers |
KR1020077021747A KR20070107145A (en) | 2005-02-25 | 2006-02-16 | Lower strength material for mls layers |
CN2006800060379A CN101147016B (en) | 2005-02-25 | 2006-02-16 | Washer system |
MX2007010383A MX2007010383A (en) | 2005-02-25 | 2006-02-16 | Lower strength material for mls layers. |
JP2007556697A JP5207742B2 (en) | 2005-02-25 | 2006-02-16 | Lower strength material for MLS layer |
CA002599140A CA2599140A1 (en) | 2005-02-25 | 2006-02-16 | Lower strength material for mls layers |
US12/384,494 US7727341B2 (en) | 2005-02-25 | 2009-04-06 | Cylinder head gasket |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/066,084 US20060191603A1 (en) | 2005-02-25 | 2005-02-25 | Lower strength material for MLS active layers |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US12/384,494 Division US7727341B2 (en) | 2005-02-25 | 2009-04-06 | Cylinder head gasket |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20060191603A1 true US20060191603A1 (en) | 2006-08-31 |
Family
ID=36587367
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/066,084 Abandoned US20060191603A1 (en) | 2005-02-25 | 2005-02-25 | Lower strength material for MLS active layers |
US12/384,494 Expired - Fee Related US7727341B2 (en) | 2005-02-25 | 2009-04-06 | Cylinder head gasket |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US12/384,494 Expired - Fee Related US7727341B2 (en) | 2005-02-25 | 2009-04-06 | Cylinder head gasket |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US20060191603A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP5207742B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR20070107145A (en) |
CN (1) | CN101147016B (en) |
CA (1) | CA2599140A1 (en) |
MX (1) | MX2007010383A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2006090311A1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE202008014927U1 (en) | 2008-11-11 | 2009-01-15 | Reinz-Dichtungs-Gmbh | Metallic seal for high temperature applications |
JP2011506886A (en) * | 2007-12-19 | 2011-03-03 | フェデラル−モーグル シーリング システムズ ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング | Metal flat gasket and manufacturing method |
US20190003594A1 (en) * | 2015-12-28 | 2019-01-03 | Nichias Corporation | Cylinder head gasket and stainless steel sheet for cylinder head gasket |
DE102018106362A1 (en) | 2018-03-19 | 2019-09-19 | Technische Universität Hamburg | DEVICES AND METHOD FOR PROCESSING METALLIC OBJECTS |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1985896B1 (en) * | 2007-04-24 | 2012-12-12 | REINZ-Dichtungs-GmbH | Metal flat gasket |
US20120187638A1 (en) * | 2011-01-20 | 2012-07-26 | Freudenberg-Nok General Partnership | Cast Gasket |
US9027935B2 (en) * | 2012-01-31 | 2015-05-12 | Federal-Mogul Corporation | Gasket with a compression limiter |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5360219A (en) * | 1991-10-15 | 1994-11-01 | Nippon Gasket Co., Ltd. | Exhaust manifold gasket |
US5636850A (en) * | 1995-02-24 | 1997-06-10 | Dana Corporation | Deformable combustion seal ring |
US6257591B1 (en) * | 1996-12-16 | 2001-07-10 | Kokusan Parts Industry Co., Ltd. | Metal gasket and process for manufacturing the same |
US6453726B1 (en) * | 2000-12-06 | 2002-09-24 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Gas sensor with U-type gasket |
US6491769B1 (en) * | 2000-01-24 | 2002-12-10 | Inco Alloys International, Inc. | Ni-Co-Cr high temperature strength and corrosion resistant alloy |
US20030005986A1 (en) * | 2000-09-12 | 2003-01-09 | Kohei Hasegawa | Ultra-high strength cold rolled steel sheet and method for manufacturing the same |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP3093091B2 (en) * | 1994-03-02 | 2000-10-03 | 国産部品工業株式会社 | Manufacturing method of metal gasket |
JP2730478B2 (en) * | 1994-03-15 | 1998-03-25 | 国産部品工業株式会社 | Metal gasket |
AU709908B2 (en) | 1996-07-15 | 1999-09-09 | Nkk Corporation | Steel bar for prestressed concrete and method for producing the same |
EP1036853B1 (en) * | 1998-09-04 | 2015-07-15 | Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation | Stainless steel for engine gasket and production method therefor |
JP4209514B2 (en) * | 1998-10-21 | 2009-01-14 | 日新製鋼株式会社 | High toughness tempered rolled martensitic stainless steel sheet with high spring characteristics and method for producing the same |
US6357758B1 (en) * | 1999-06-30 | 2002-03-19 | Federal-Mogul World Wide, Inc. | Metal gasket and method of manufacturing |
JP4518645B2 (en) * | 2000-01-21 | 2010-08-04 | 日新製鋼株式会社 | High strength and high toughness martensitic stainless steel sheet |
JP3729108B2 (en) * | 2000-09-12 | 2005-12-21 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | Ultra-high tensile cold-rolled steel sheet and manufacturing method thereof |
JP3899018B2 (en) * | 2002-11-29 | 2007-03-28 | 東洋鋼鈑株式会社 | Gasket material, manufacturing method thereof, and gasket |
-
2005
- 2005-02-25 US US11/066,084 patent/US20060191603A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2006
- 2006-02-16 WO PCT/IB2006/050514 patent/WO2006090311A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2006-02-16 CN CN2006800060379A patent/CN101147016B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-02-16 MX MX2007010383A patent/MX2007010383A/en active IP Right Grant
- 2006-02-16 CA CA002599140A patent/CA2599140A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-02-16 JP JP2007556697A patent/JP5207742B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-02-16 KR KR1020077021747A patent/KR20070107145A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2009
- 2009-04-06 US US12/384,494 patent/US7727341B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5360219A (en) * | 1991-10-15 | 1994-11-01 | Nippon Gasket Co., Ltd. | Exhaust manifold gasket |
US5636850A (en) * | 1995-02-24 | 1997-06-10 | Dana Corporation | Deformable combustion seal ring |
US6257591B1 (en) * | 1996-12-16 | 2001-07-10 | Kokusan Parts Industry Co., Ltd. | Metal gasket and process for manufacturing the same |
US6491769B1 (en) * | 2000-01-24 | 2002-12-10 | Inco Alloys International, Inc. | Ni-Co-Cr high temperature strength and corrosion resistant alloy |
US20030005986A1 (en) * | 2000-09-12 | 2003-01-09 | Kohei Hasegawa | Ultra-high strength cold rolled steel sheet and method for manufacturing the same |
US6453726B1 (en) * | 2000-12-06 | 2002-09-24 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Gas sensor with U-type gasket |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2011506886A (en) * | 2007-12-19 | 2011-03-03 | フェデラル−モーグル シーリング システムズ ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング | Metal flat gasket and manufacturing method |
DE202008014927U1 (en) | 2008-11-11 | 2009-01-15 | Reinz-Dichtungs-Gmbh | Metallic seal for high temperature applications |
US20190003594A1 (en) * | 2015-12-28 | 2019-01-03 | Nichias Corporation | Cylinder head gasket and stainless steel sheet for cylinder head gasket |
US10989303B2 (en) * | 2015-12-28 | 2021-04-27 | Nichias Corporation | Cylinder head gasket and stainless steel sheet for cylinder head gasket |
DE102018106362A1 (en) | 2018-03-19 | 2019-09-19 | Technische Universität Hamburg | DEVICES AND METHOD FOR PROCESSING METALLIC OBJECTS |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2006090311A1 (en) | 2006-08-31 |
JP5207742B2 (en) | 2013-06-12 |
US7727341B2 (en) | 2010-06-01 |
US20090200753A1 (en) | 2009-08-13 |
WO2006090311B1 (en) | 2006-11-16 |
MX2007010383A (en) | 2007-09-25 |
CA2599140A1 (en) | 2006-08-31 |
CN101147016A (en) | 2008-03-19 |
KR20070107145A (en) | 2007-11-06 |
CN101147016B (en) | 2010-10-20 |
JP2008531940A (en) | 2008-08-14 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: DANA CORPORATION, OHIO Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:POPIELAS, FRANK W.;REEL/FRAME:016329/0904 Effective date: 20050225 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: DANA AUTOMOTIVE SYSTEMS GROUP, LLC, OHIO Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:DANA CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:020540/0476 Effective date: 20080131 Owner name: DANA AUTOMOTIVE SYSTEMS GROUP, LLC,OHIO Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:DANA CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:020540/0476 Effective date: 20080131 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: CITICORP USA, INC., NEW YORK Free format text: INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY REVOLVING FACILITY SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNORS:DANA HOLDING CORPORATION;DANA LIMITED;DANA AUTOMOTIVE SYSTEMS GROUP, LLC;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:020859/0249 Effective date: 20080131 Owner name: CITICORP USA, INC.,NEW YORK Free format text: INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY REVOLVING FACILITY SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNORS:DANA HOLDING CORPORATION;DANA LIMITED;DANA AUTOMOTIVE SYSTEMS GROUP, LLC;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:020859/0249 Effective date: 20080131 Owner name: CITICORP USA, INC., NEW YORK Free format text: INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY TERM FACILITY SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNORS:DANA HOLDING CORPORATION;DANA LIMITED;DANA AUTOMOTIVE SYSTEMS GROUP, LLC;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:020859/0359 Effective date: 20080131 Owner name: CITICORP USA, INC.,NEW YORK Free format text: INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY TERM FACILITY SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNORS:DANA HOLDING CORPORATION;DANA LIMITED;DANA AUTOMOTIVE SYSTEMS GROUP, LLC;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:020859/0359 Effective date: 20080131 |
|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |