US20060077580A1 - First surface mirror with chromium nitride layer - Google Patents
First surface mirror with chromium nitride layer Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20060077580A1 US20060077580A1 US10/959,321 US95932104A US2006077580A1 US 20060077580 A1 US20060077580 A1 US 20060077580A1 US 95932104 A US95932104 A US 95932104A US 2006077580 A1 US2006077580 A1 US 2006077580A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- mirror
- layer
- chromium nitride
- nitrogen
- substrate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/08—Mirrors
Definitions
- This application is related to a first-surface mirror including a layer of or including chromium nitride (CrN x ).
- a reflective layer of the mirror comprises chromium nitride, and is nitrided to an extent so as to reduce undesirable pinhole formation and/or improve adhesion.
- such first surface mirrors may be used in the context of a projection television (PTV) apparatus, automotive mirrors, or in any other suitable application.
- PTV projection television
- Mirrors for various uses are known in the art. For example, see U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,923,464 and 4,309,075 (all hereby incorporated herein by reference). Mirrors are also known for use in projection televisions and other suitable applications. In the projection television context, see for example U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,275,272, 5,669,681 and 5,896,236 (all hereby incorporated herein by reference).
- Back surface mirrors typically include a glass substrate with a reflective coating on a back surface thereof (i.e., not on the front surface which is first hit by incoming light). Incoming light passes through the glass substrate before being reflected by the coating in a second surface mirror. Thus, reflected light passes through the glass substrate twice in back or second surface mirrors; once before being reflected and again after being reflected on its way to a viewer. In certain instances, passing through the glass substrate twice can create ambiguity in directional reflection and imperfect reflections may sometimes result.
- Mirrors such as bathroom mirrors, bedroom mirrors, and architectural mirrors are typically back or second surface mirrors so that the glass substrate can be used to protect the reflective coating provided on the rear surface thereof.
- front (or first) surface mirrors In applications where more accurate reflections are desired, front (or first) surface mirrors (FSMs) are often used.
- FSMs front/first surface mirrors
- a reflective coating is provided on the front surface of the glass substrate so that incoming light is reflected by the coating before it passes through the glass substrate. Since the light to be reflected does not have to pass through the glass substrate in first surface mirrors (in contrast to rear surface mirrors), first surface mirrors generally have higher reflectance than do rear surface mirrors, and no or less double reflected image.
- Example front surface mirrors (or first surface mirrors) are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,783,253, 5,923,464 and 4,780,372 (all incorporated herein by reference).
- the proposed mirror includes a layer of metallic Cr located directly on and contacting a glass substrate.
- metallic Cr located directly on and contacting a glass substrate.
- Such first surface mirrors with a structure of glass/Cr suffer from pinhole related problems.
- such a mirror structure is susceptible to pinhole formation in the metallic Cr layer, especially as the Cr layer thickness increases in applications where lower transmission (e.g., 0.5% visible transmission) are desired. Light tends to leak through such pinholes making large numbers of them especially undesirable in mirror applications where reflectance (not transmission) of light is desired.
- a mirror such as a front surface mirror (FSM) is provided with a layer of or including chromium nitride (CrN x ).
- the CrN x layer may be the primary reflective layer of the mirror.
- the addition of nitrogen to the chromium to form CrN x reduces pinhole formations in the resulting layer, without strongly affecting the mirror's reflective properties.
- the more nitrogen which is introduced into the layer the smaller the number and/or size of pinholes in the Cr inclusive layer.
- the addition of nitrogen to Cr may improve durability of the mirror.
- first surface mirrors including such a layer may be used in projection televisions, copiers, scanners, bar code readers, overhead projectors, automotive mirrors (e.g., rearview mirrors, interior or exterior), and/or any other suitable applications.
- a mirror comprising a substrate supporting a coating, wherein the coating includes at least a reflective layer comprising fully or partially nitridic chromium.
- a mirror comprising a glass substrate supporting a layer comprising chromium nitride, and wherein the mirror has a visible transmission of no greater than 5%.
- a method of making a mirror comprising providing a glass substrate; sputtering a target comprising Cr in an atmosphere comprising nitrogen gas (and possibly other gas or gases such as argon) in order to form a layer comprising chromium nitride on the glass substrate; and wherein said sputtering comprises using a nitrogen gas flow in the atmosphere which represents from about 1-21% of total gas flow in the atmosphere.
- FIG. 1 is a cross sectional view of a first surface mirror according to an example embodiment of this invention.
- FIG. 2 is a graph illustrating that pinholes in a CrN x layer decrease in number as nitrogen content increases in a CrN x layer in a mirror.
- FIG. 3 is a graph illustrating that the adhesion force of protective tape to a Cr inclusive layer in a mirror decreases as nitrogen content in the layer increases, thereby indicating that durability of an exposed CrN x layer increases as nitrogen content increases since the protective tape is less likely to pull off parts of the layer when the tape is removed.
- FIG. 4 is a cross sectional view if a first surface mirror according to another example embodiment of this invention.
- FIG. 5 is a cross sectional view of a first surface mirror according to another example embodiment of this invention.
- the instant invention relates to a mirror that may be used in the context of projection televisions (PTVs), copiers, scanners, bar code readers, overhead projectors, and/or any other suitable applications.
- the mirror includes a layer of or including CrN x .
- the CrN x layer may be used as the only or primary reflective layer of the mirror in certain example embodiments of this invention.
- a front surface mirror (FSM) is provided with a layer of or including chromium nitride (CrN x ).
- the CrN x layer may be formed by physical vapor deposition such as sputtering, or in any other suitable manner in different embodiments of this invention.
- Nitrogen may have multiple effects which reduce the formation of pinholes, such as stress reduction of the Cr inclusive layer, reduced adhesion to any optional protective tape applied to the Cr inclusive layer surface, and/or increased adhesion of the Cr inclusive layer to the underlying glass substrate. Although nitrogen would typically be thought to have a strong adverse effect on reflective properties, it has surprisingly been found that it is possible to choose nitrogen flow levels which reduce pinholes and/or improve durability while at the same time do not sacrifice desired mirror-like reflection properties.
- the Cr inclusive layer is only partially nitrided, and/or is nitrided only at a portion thereof such as a bottom portion thereof, thereby permitting less pinholes and/or improved durability to be achieved in combination with satisfactory mirror optical properties such as reflection and/or color.
- FIG. 1 is a cross sectional view of a first surface mirror (FSM) according to an example embodiment of this invention.
- the first surface mirror of FIG. 1 includes glass substrate 1 and reflective layer 3 of or including CrN x .
- Glass substrate 1 may be from about 1-10 mm thick in different embodiments of this invention, and may be any suitable color (e.g., grey, clear, green, blue, etc.).
- glass (e.g., soda lime silica type glass) substrate 1 is from about 1-5 mm thick, most preferably from about 2 to 3 mm thick.
- substrate 1 When substrate 1 is glass, it may have an index of refraction value “n” of from about 1.48 to 1.53 (most preferably about 1.51 to 1.52).
- incident light is represented by I, and reflected light by R.
- Reflective layer 3 may be composed of or comprise CrN x in certain example embodiments of this invention. Reflective layer 3 reflects the majority of incoming light before it reaches glass substrate 1 and directs it toward a viewer away from the glass substrate, so that the mirror is referred to as a first surface mirror.
- the reflective CrN x layer 3 may be formed on glass substrate 1 by sputtering a Cr target in an atmosphere including argon (Ar) and nitrogen (N) gas, although other methods may instead be used in alternative embodiments.
- the nitrogen content in the layer 3 may be uniformly provided throughout the layer, or alternatively may be graded (e.g., see discussion with respect to FIG. 5 below).
- CrN x layer 3 may be from about 200 to 700 ⁇ thick, more preferably from about 250 to 600 ⁇ thick.
- the thickness of layer 3 can be tuned based on the reflection (and thus inversely transmission) desired. For purposes of example only, when a visible transmission of light through the mirror of about 2.5% is desired, CrN x layer 3 may be about 300 ⁇ thick. However, when a visible transmission of light through the mirror of about 0.5% is desired, CrN x layer 3 may be about 525 ⁇ thick. Pinholes in metallic Cr layers are particularly problematic at higher thicknesses.
- the addition of nitrogen to the Cr inclusive reflective layer is especially beneficial.
- the use of nitrogen in a Cr inclusive layer may be used at any thickness in different embodiments of this invention.
- the addition of nitrogen to the Cr inclusive reflective layer to form a CrN x layer 3 is especially beneficial, for example, at layer 3 thicknesses of at least about 300 ⁇ , more preferably of at least about 350 ⁇ , and most preferably of at least about 400 ⁇ .
- the mirror in certain example embodiments of this invention (e.g., FIGS. 1-5 ), has a visible light transmission of no greater than 10%, more preferably no greater than 5%, even more preferably no greater than 3%, still more preferably no greater than 2.5%, sometimes no greater than 1.5%, and possibly no greater than about 0.5% in certain example instances.
- the mirror in certain example embodiments of this invention e.g., FIGS. 1-5
- the mirror has a reflective a* color (film side, Hunter measured) of from ⁇ 2 to +2, more preferably from ⁇ 1.5 to +1.5, and most preferably from ⁇ 1 to +1. Also, in certain example embodiments of this invention, the mirror has a reflective b* color (film side, Hunter measured) of from ⁇ 3 to +2, more preferably from ⁇ 3 to +1.5, and even more preferably from ⁇ 1.5 to +1.0.
- layer 3 is provided on the substrate 1 in the FIG. 1 embodiment, this invention is not so limited.
- other layer(s) may be provided between layer 3 and the substrate 1 in certain example embodiments of this invention.
- a dielectric layer may be provided between reflective layer 3 and glass substrate 1 .
- other layer(s) such as a dielectric layer(s) may be provide on the glass substrate 1 over reflective layer 3 .
- Cr may be replaced in the reflective layer 3 by Al, Ag, or any other reflective material whose film stress is reduced by addition of nitrogen in any embodiment of this invention.
- FIG. 2 is a graph plotting the number of pinholes in layer 3 per square foot (vertical axis of graph) versus nitrogen flow in the sputtering of CrN x layer 3 from a Cr sputtering target.
- the addition of nitrogen to the Cr inclusive layer reduces the number of pinholes which end up therein.
- the layer i.e., for a metallic Cr layer, where the intentional gas flow was 100% argon
- in a 300 ⁇ Cr layer there were about 18 pinholes per square foot and in a 525 ⁇ Cr layer there were about 23 pinholes per square foot.
- nitrogen gas was added to the gas in the sputtering chamber to form a CrN x layer 3 , the number of pinholes significantly dropped.
- FIG. 3 is a graph based on example data illustrating that the adhesion force of protective tape to a Cr inclusive layer in a mirror decreases as nitrogen content in the layer increases, thereby indicating that durability of an exposed CrN x layer 3 can increase as nitrogen content increases since the protective tape is less likely to pull off parts of the layer when the tape is removed.
- the horizontal axis in FIG. 3 is the same as the horizontal axis in FIG. 2 .
- FIG. 3 illustrates that the mirror may become more durable as nitrogen content in CrN x layer 3 increases.
- FIG. 4 illustrates another example embodiment of this invention.
- the first surface mirror includes glass substrate 1 , CrN x layer 3 (discussed above), and metallic or substantially Cr layer 7 .
- layers 3 and 7 may act as reflective layers in the FIG. 4 embodiment.
- the CrN x layer 3 helps reduce the number of pinholes in the coating thereby improving characteristics of the mirror, and the metallic Cr layer 7 may provide excellent reflection characteristics.
- the CrN x layer 3 may be thinned relative to the thicknesses for the layer discussed above.
- FIG. 5 illustrates another example embodiment of this invention.
- the CrN x layer 3 is nitrogen graded so as to include more nitrogen at one portion thereof than at another portion thereof.
- the use of “N” in the layer 3 in FIG. 5 is illustrate of nitrogen content.
- a portion of the CrN x layer 3 closer to the glass substrate 1 includes more nitrogen than does a portion of the layer 3 further from the glass substrate.
- This grading may be continuous of step-wise in different embodiments of this invention.
- the portion of CrN x layer 3 furthest from the substrate 1 has less nitrogen content (e.g., little or no nitrogen) than does the portion of the layer 3 closest to the glass substrate 1 .
- the amount of nitrogen added to the Cr inclusive layer leads to unexpected results.
- too little (e.g., 0% or very little) nitrogen is added to the Cr inclusive layer, then there may be a pinhole problem relating to large numbers of pinholes.
- too much nitrogen is added to the Cr inclusive layer, then reflectance suffers and/or film side reflective b* color becomes undesirable (e.g., b* becomes too large and significant yellow color can result).
- b* becomes too large and significant yellow color can result.
- layer 3 comprises CrN x , where x is from 0.01 to 0.5, more preferably from 0.01 to 0.4, still more preferably from 0.01 to 0.25, even more preferably from 0.01 to 0.20, and still more preferably from 0.05 to 0.15 (with respect to atomic percentage).
- the percentage of nitrogen gas (of the total gas flow used in sputtering the CrN x layer 3 ) used in sputtering is from about 1-21%, more preferably from about 3-19%, and even more preferably from 5-18%.
- Example 1 had a layer stack of glass/Cr, whereas the other examples all had a layer stack of glass/CrN x as shown in FIG. 1 .
- the glass substrate 1 was about 2.3 mm thick.
- the examples were made by sputtering the Cr inclusive layer on the substrate using a Cr sputtering target in a gas atmosphere, using the following process parameters. Lower linespeeds were used for thicker layers and thus less visible transmission if desired.
- Examples 1-6 had the following optical characteristics (the optical data was measured using a Hunter Ultrascan XE during the run; reflectance/color was film side reflective): Ex. 1 Ex. 2 Ex. 3 Ex. 4 Ex. 5 Ex. 6 Ex. 7 Reflectance 65.88 64.96 64.24 63.97 63.64 62.68 65.13 (Rf Y %): a*: ⁇ 1.05 ⁇ 0.52 ⁇ 0.15 ⁇ 0.12 0.12 0.55 ⁇ 0.15 b*: ⁇ 1.02 0.31 0.67 0.7 1.08 1.64 0.43 Visible Trans- 2.55 2.53 2.28 2.52 2.53 0.69 0.43 mission (TY %):
- Examples 6-7 had lower visible transmissions since lower linespeeds and thus higher layer thicknesses were used. Moreover, it can be seen from the above that higher nitrogen flows cause the b* value to increase toward yellow which may be undesirable in certain example non-limiting instances.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Optical Elements Other Than Lenses (AREA)
- Surface Treatment Of Glass (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- This application is related to a first-surface mirror including a layer of or including chromium nitride (CrNx). In certain example embodiments, a reflective layer of the mirror comprises chromium nitride, and is nitrided to an extent so as to reduce undesirable pinhole formation and/or improve adhesion. In certain example non-limiting instances, such first surface mirrors may be used in the context of a projection television (PTV) apparatus, automotive mirrors, or in any other suitable application.
- Mirrors for various uses are known in the art. For example, see U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,923,464 and 4,309,075 (all hereby incorporated herein by reference). Mirrors are also known for use in projection televisions and other suitable applications. In the projection television context, see for example U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,275,272, 5,669,681 and 5,896,236 (all hereby incorporated herein by reference).
- One type of mirror is a second or back surface mirror (most common), while another type of mirror is a first or front surface mirror (less common). Back surface mirrors typically include a glass substrate with a reflective coating on a back surface thereof (i.e., not on the front surface which is first hit by incoming light). Incoming light passes through the glass substrate before being reflected by the coating in a second surface mirror. Thus, reflected light passes through the glass substrate twice in back or second surface mirrors; once before being reflected and again after being reflected on its way to a viewer. In certain instances, passing through the glass substrate twice can create ambiguity in directional reflection and imperfect reflections may sometimes result. Mirrors such as bathroom mirrors, bedroom mirrors, and architectural mirrors are typically back or second surface mirrors so that the glass substrate can be used to protect the reflective coating provided on the rear surface thereof.
- In applications where more accurate reflections are desired, front (or first) surface mirrors (FSMs) are often used. In front/first surface mirrors, a reflective coating is provided on the front surface of the glass substrate so that incoming light is reflected by the coating before it passes through the glass substrate. Since the light to be reflected does not have to pass through the glass substrate in first surface mirrors (in contrast to rear surface mirrors), first surface mirrors generally have higher reflectance than do rear surface mirrors, and no or less double reflected image. Example front surface mirrors (or first surface mirrors) are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,783,253, 5,923,464 and 4,780,372 (all incorporated herein by reference).
- It has been proposed to use a metallic chromium (Cr) reflective layer in a first surface mirror. In particular, the proposed mirror includes a layer of metallic Cr located directly on and contacting a glass substrate. Unfortunately, such first surface mirrors with a structure of glass/Cr suffer from pinhole related problems. In particular, such a mirror structure is susceptible to pinhole formation in the metallic Cr layer, especially as the Cr layer thickness increases in applications where lower transmission (e.g., 0.5% visible transmission) are desired. Light tends to leak through such pinholes making large numbers of them especially undesirable in mirror applications where reflectance (not transmission) of light is desired.
- It will be apparent from the above that there exists a need in the art for a first/front surface mirror, or other type of mirror, that is less susceptible to significant amounts of pinhole formations.
- In certain embodiments of this invention, a mirror such as a front surface mirror (FSM) is provided with a layer of or including chromium nitride (CrNx). In certain example embodiments, the CrNx layer may be the primary reflective layer of the mirror.
- Surprisingly and unexpectedly, it has been found the addition of nitrogen to the chromium to form CrNx reduces pinhole formations in the resulting layer, without strongly affecting the mirror's reflective properties. In certain example embodiments, the more nitrogen which is introduced into the layer, the smaller the number and/or size of pinholes in the Cr inclusive layer. In certain example embodiments, it has also been found that the addition of nitrogen to Cr may improve durability of the mirror.
- In certain example embodiments of this invention, first surface mirrors including such a layer may be used in projection televisions, copiers, scanners, bar code readers, overhead projectors, automotive mirrors (e.g., rearview mirrors, interior or exterior), and/or any other suitable applications.
- In certain example embodiments of this invention, there is provided a mirror comprising a substrate supporting a coating, wherein the coating includes at least a reflective layer comprising fully or partially nitridic chromium.
- In other example embodiments of this invention, there is provided a mirror comprising a glass substrate supporting a layer comprising chromium nitride, and wherein the mirror has a visible transmission of no greater than 5%.
- In still further example embodiments of this invention, there is provided a method of making a mirror, the method comprising providing a glass substrate; sputtering a target comprising Cr in an atmosphere comprising nitrogen gas (and possibly other gas or gases such as argon) in order to form a layer comprising chromium nitride on the glass substrate; and wherein said sputtering comprises using a nitrogen gas flow in the atmosphere which represents from about 1-21% of total gas flow in the atmosphere.
-
FIG. 1 is a cross sectional view of a first surface mirror according to an example embodiment of this invention. -
FIG. 2 is a graph illustrating that pinholes in a CrNx layer decrease in number as nitrogen content increases in a CrNx layer in a mirror. -
FIG. 3 is a graph illustrating that the adhesion force of protective tape to a Cr inclusive layer in a mirror decreases as nitrogen content in the layer increases, thereby indicating that durability of an exposed CrNx layer increases as nitrogen content increases since the protective tape is less likely to pull off parts of the layer when the tape is removed. -
FIG. 4 is a cross sectional view if a first surface mirror according to another example embodiment of this invention. -
FIG. 5 is a cross sectional view of a first surface mirror according to another example embodiment of this invention. - The instant invention relates to a mirror that may be used in the context of projection televisions (PTVs), copiers, scanners, bar code readers, overhead projectors, and/or any other suitable applications. In certain embodiments, the mirror includes a layer of or including CrNx. The CrNx layer may be used as the only or primary reflective layer of the mirror in certain example embodiments of this invention. In certain example embodiments, a front surface mirror (FSM) is provided with a layer of or including chromium nitride (CrNx). The CrNx layer may be formed by physical vapor deposition such as sputtering, or in any other suitable manner in different embodiments of this invention.
- Most in the art would not add nitrogen to a reflective layer in a mirror, because nitrogen tends to degrade reflection characteristics which are of course highly desirable in mirrors. However, surprisingly and unexpectedly, it has been found the addition of nitrogen to the chromium to form CrNx reduces pinhole formations in the resulting layer, without significantly adversely affecting the mirror's reflective properties. In certain example embodiments, the more nitrogen which is introduced into the layer, the smaller the number and/or size of pinholes in the Cr inclusive layer. In certain example embodiments, it has also been found that the addition of nitrogen to Cr may also improve durability of the mirror.
- It has also been found that the addition of nitrogen tends to reduce stress of the Cr inclusive layer thereby making it closer to zero (compared to if no nitrogen was present given a Cr layer of the same thickness). Thus, the stress in
layer 3 tends to be less when nitrogen is added (resulting in a CrNx layer), so that the adhesive force oflayer 3 to the glass is less likely to be overcome causing delamination. Durability is improved in this respect, and this may lead to less pinholes due to improved adhesion. - Introduction of nitrogen during physical vapor deposition (e.g., sputtering) of a metal-based first surface mirror on either a bulk or graded basis has been found to significantly reduce the formation of pinholes. Nitrogen may have multiple effects which reduce the formation of pinholes, such as stress reduction of the Cr inclusive layer, reduced adhesion to any optional protective tape applied to the Cr inclusive layer surface, and/or increased adhesion of the Cr inclusive layer to the underlying glass substrate. Although nitrogen would typically be thought to have a strong adverse effect on reflective properties, it has surprisingly been found that it is possible to choose nitrogen flow levels which reduce pinholes and/or improve durability while at the same time do not sacrifice desired mirror-like reflection properties. For instances, in certain example embodiments, the Cr inclusive layer is only partially nitrided, and/or is nitrided only at a portion thereof such as a bottom portion thereof, thereby permitting less pinholes and/or improved durability to be achieved in combination with satisfactory mirror optical properties such as reflection and/or color.
-
FIG. 1 is a cross sectional view of a first surface mirror (FSM) according to an example embodiment of this invention. The first surface mirror ofFIG. 1 includesglass substrate 1 andreflective layer 3 of or including CrNx.Glass substrate 1 may be from about 1-10 mm thick in different embodiments of this invention, and may be any suitable color (e.g., grey, clear, green, blue, etc.). In certain example instances, glass (e.g., soda lime silica type glass)substrate 1 is from about 1-5 mm thick, most preferably from about 2 to 3 mm thick. Whensubstrate 1 is glass, it may have an index of refraction value “n” of from about 1.48 to 1.53 (most preferably about 1.51 to 1.52). InFIG. 1 , incident light is represented by I, and reflected light by R. -
Reflective layer 3 may be composed of or comprise CrNx in certain example embodiments of this invention.Reflective layer 3 reflects the majority of incoming light before it reachesglass substrate 1 and directs it toward a viewer away from the glass substrate, so that the mirror is referred to as a first surface mirror. In certain example embodiments of this invention, the reflective CrNx layer 3 may be formed onglass substrate 1 by sputtering a Cr target in an atmosphere including argon (Ar) and nitrogen (N) gas, although other methods may instead be used in alternative embodiments. The nitrogen content in thelayer 3 may be uniformly provided throughout the layer, or alternatively may be graded (e.g., see discussion with respect toFIG. 5 below). - In certain example embodiments of this invention (e.g., embodiments of
FIGS. 1-5 ), CrNx layer 3 may be from about 200 to 700 Å thick, more preferably from about 250 to 600 Å thick. The thickness oflayer 3 can be tuned based on the reflection (and thus inversely transmission) desired. For purposes of example only, when a visible transmission of light through the mirror of about 2.5% is desired, CrNx layer 3 may be about 300 Å thick. However, when a visible transmission of light through the mirror of about 0.5% is desired, CrNx layer 3 may be about 525 Å thick. Pinholes in metallic Cr layers are particularly problematic at higher thicknesses. Thus, when lower visible transmission are desired, and thus higher thicknesses, the addition of nitrogen to the Cr inclusive reflective layer is especially beneficial. The use of nitrogen in a Cr inclusive layer may be used at any thickness in different embodiments of this invention. However, in view of the above, the addition of nitrogen to the Cr inclusive reflective layer to form a CrNx layer 3 is especially beneficial, for example, atlayer 3 thicknesses of at least about 300 Å, more preferably of at least about 350 Å, and most preferably of at least about 400 Å. - The mirror, in certain example embodiments of this invention (e.g.,
FIGS. 1-5 ), has a visible light transmission of no greater than 10%, more preferably no greater than 5%, even more preferably no greater than 3%, still more preferably no greater than 2.5%, sometimes no greater than 1.5%, and possibly no greater than about 0.5% in certain example instances. Moreover, the mirror in certain example embodiments of this invention (e.g.,FIGS. 1-5 ) has a reflectance (e.g., from the film side, Hunter measured as Rf Y) of at least 50%, more preferably of at least 60%. - Moreover, in certain example embodiments of this invention (e.g., embodiments of
FIGS. 1-5 ), the mirror has a reflective a* color (film side, Hunter measured) of from −2 to +2, more preferably from −1.5 to +1.5, and most preferably from −1 to +1. Also, in certain example embodiments of this invention, the mirror has a reflective b* color (film side, Hunter measured) of from −3 to +2, more preferably from −3 to +1.5, and even more preferably from −1.5 to +1.0. - While only
layer 3 is provided on thesubstrate 1 in theFIG. 1 embodiment, this invention is not so limited. For example, and without limitation, other layer(s) may be provided betweenlayer 3 and thesubstrate 1 in certain example embodiments of this invention. For instance, a dielectric layer may be provided betweenreflective layer 3 andglass substrate 1. Moreover, other layer(s) such as a dielectric layer(s) may be provide on theglass substrate 1 overreflective layer 3. As another alternative embodiment(s) of this invention, Cr may be replaced in thereflective layer 3 by Al, Ag, or any other reflective material whose film stress is reduced by addition of nitrogen in any embodiment of this invention. -
FIG. 2 , based on example data, is a graph plotting the number of pinholes inlayer 3 per square foot (vertical axis of graph) versus nitrogen flow in the sputtering of CrNx layer 3 from a Cr sputtering target. The nitrogen flow % (horizontal axis of graph) is the percentage of the overall gas flow (using only Ar and N2) made up of nitrogen. For example, if the gas flow used in sputtering CrNx layer 3 was 162 sccm nitrogen gas and 788 sccm argon gas (i.e., 17% nitrogen and 83% argon), then the nitrogen gas flow amount would be 17% (i.e., 162/950=17%). - Still referring to
FIG. 2 , it can be seen that the addition of nitrogen to the Cr inclusive layer reduces the number of pinholes which end up therein. For example, as shown inFIG. 2 , when no nitrogen is used in the layer (i.e., for a metallic Cr layer, where the intentional gas flow was 100% argon), in a 300 Å Cr layer there were about 18 pinholes per square foot and in a 525 Å Cr layer there were about 23 pinholes per square foot. However, when nitrogen gas was added to the gas in the sputtering chamber to form a CrNx layer 3, the number of pinholes significantly dropped. For instance, at about a 9% nitrogen gas flow for the CrNx layer 3, when the layer was about 300 Å thick on the glass substrate there were about 11 pinholes per square foot (down from about 18 pinholes at 0% nitrogen gas flow for a layer of similar thickness) and in a 525 Å thick CrNx layer 3 there were about 7 pinholes (down from about 23 pinholes at 0% nitrogen gas flow for a layer of similar thickness) per square foot. As another example shown inFIG. 2 , at about a 17% nitrogen gas flow (i.e., 17% of the gas in the sputtering chamber was nitrogen, and the rest was argon) for the CrNx layer 3, when the layer was about 300 Å thick on the glass substrate there were no pinholes per square foot (down from about 18 pinholes at 0% nitrogen gas flow for a layer of similar thickness) and in a 525 Å thick CrNx,layer 3 there were about 4 pinholes (down from about 23 pinholes at 0% nitrogen gas flow for a layer of similar thickness) per square foot. Thus, it can be seen fromFIG. 2 that the addition of nitrogen to the Cr inclusive layer, to form a CrNx layer 3, significantly reduces the number of pinholes in a Cr inclusive layer in an unexpected and surprising manner. - Protective tape is sometimes applied to the surface of a mirror during shipment, handling, and the like, and is then removed upon installation of the mirror. Sometimes, pinholes form in layer(s) of the mirror when the tape is removed. It is believed that this may be due to the tape pulling off some material of the coating when the tape is removed. Thus, it may be advantageous to reduce the adhesion strength of tape to a coating. In this regard,
FIG. 3 is a graph based on example data illustrating that the adhesion force of protective tape to a Cr inclusive layer in a mirror decreases as nitrogen content in the layer increases, thereby indicating that durability of an exposed CrNx layer 3 can increase as nitrogen content increases since the protective tape is less likely to pull off parts of the layer when the tape is removed. The horizontal axis inFIG. 3 is the same as the horizontal axis inFIG. 2 . Thus,FIG. 3 illustrates that the mirror may become more durable as nitrogen content in CrNx layer 3 increases. -
FIG. 4 illustrates another example embodiment of this invention. In theFIG. 4 embodiment, the first surface mirror includesglass substrate 1, CrNx layer 3 (discussed above), and metallic or substantiallyCr layer 7. Each oflayers FIG. 4 embodiment. In theFIG. 4 embodiment, the CrNx layer 3 helps reduce the number of pinholes in the coating thereby improving characteristics of the mirror, and themetallic Cr layer 7 may provide excellent reflection characteristics. In theFIG. 4 embodiment, it is possible that the CrNx layer 3 may be thinned relative to the thicknesses for the layer discussed above. -
FIG. 5 illustrates another example embodiment of this invention. In theFIG. 5 embodiment, the CrNx layer 3 is nitrogen graded so as to include more nitrogen at one portion thereof than at another portion thereof. The use of “N” in thelayer 3 inFIG. 5 is illustrate of nitrogen content. Thus, in theFIG. 5 embodiment, a portion of the CrNx layer 3 closer to theglass substrate 1 includes more nitrogen than does a portion of thelayer 3 further from the glass substrate. This grading may be continuous of step-wise in different embodiments of this invention. In certain example instances of theFIG. 5 embodiment, the portion of CrNx layer 3 furthest from thesubstrate 1 has less nitrogen content (e.g., little or no nitrogen) than does the portion of thelayer 3 closest to theglass substrate 1. - In certain example embodiments of this invention, it has been found that the amount of nitrogen added to the Cr inclusive layer leads to unexpected results. In particular, as shown in
FIG. 2 for example, if too little (e.g., 0% or very little) nitrogen is added to the Cr inclusive layer, then there may be a pinhole problem relating to large numbers of pinholes. Moreover, if too much nitrogen is added to the Cr inclusive layer, then reflectance suffers and/or film side reflective b* color becomes undesirable (e.g., b* becomes too large and significant yellow color can result). Thus, a particular amount of nitrogen is added in certain example non-limiting embodiments of this invention. For example, in certainexample embodiments layer 3 comprises CrNx, where x is from 0.01 to 0.5, more preferably from 0.01 to 0.4, still more preferably from 0.01 to 0.25, even more preferably from 0.01 to 0.20, and still more preferably from 0.05 to 0.15 (with respect to atomic percentage). - Moreover, in certain example embodiments of this invention the percentage of nitrogen gas (of the total gas flow used in sputtering the CrNx layer 3) used in sputtering is from about 1-21%, more preferably from about 3-19%, and even more preferably from 5-18%.
- The following example first surface mirrors were made and tested, but are not intended to be limiting. Example 1 had a layer stack of glass/Cr, whereas the other examples all had a layer stack of glass/CrNx as shown in
FIG. 1 . Theglass substrate 1 was about 2.3 mm thick. The examples were made by sputtering the Cr inclusive layer on the substrate using a Cr sputtering target in a gas atmosphere, using the following process parameters. Lower linespeeds were used for thicker layers and thus less visible transmission if desired.Ex. 1 Ex. 2 Ex. 3 Ex. 4 Ex. 5 Ex. 6 Ex. 7 N2 gas flow (sccm): 0 92 131 131 160 198 94 Ar gas flow (sccm): 970 878 825 825 790 747 878 Total gas (sccm): 970 970 956 956 950 945 972 % N gas flow: 0 9% 14% 14% 17% 21% 10% Linespeed (ipm): 160 160 142 150 142 85 90 pressure (mTorr): 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.5 - It was found that the mirrors of Examples 2-6 (which included nitrogen in the Cr inclusive layer 3) had much fewer pinholes than did the mirror of Example 1 (which had a
metallic Cr layer 3—thus, no nitrogen). Certain of these examples, and others, were used to accumulate the data shown inFIGS. 2-3 , evidencing the unexpected results with respect to less pinholes and improved durability. - Moreover, Examples 1-6 had the following optical characteristics (the optical data was measured using a Hunter Ultrascan XE during the run; reflectance/color was film side reflective):
Ex. 1 Ex. 2 Ex. 3 Ex. 4 Ex. 5 Ex. 6 Ex. 7 Reflectance 65.88 64.96 64.24 63.97 63.64 62.68 65.13 (Rf Y %): a*: −1.05 −0.52 −0.15 −0.12 0.12 0.55 −0.15 b*: −1.02 0.31 0.67 0.7 1.08 1.64 0.43 Visible Trans- 2.55 2.53 2.28 2.52 2.53 0.69 0.43 mission (TY %): - It can be seen that Examples 6-7 had lower visible transmissions since lower linespeeds and thus higher layer thicknesses were used. Moreover, it can be seen from the above that higher nitrogen flows cause the b* value to increase toward yellow which may be undesirable in certain example non-limiting instances.
- While the invention has been described in connection with what is presently considered to be the most practical and preferred embodiment, it is to be understood that the invention is not to be limited to the disclosed embodiment, but on the contrary, is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims. For example, the coatings discussed herein may in some instances be used in back surface mirror applications, different materials may be used, additional or fewer layers may be provided, and/or the like.
Claims (41)
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/959,321 US20060077580A1 (en) | 2004-10-07 | 2004-10-07 | First surface mirror with chromium nitride layer |
ES05800106T ES2399239T3 (en) | 2004-10-07 | 2005-09-27 | Chrome nitride coated mirror |
PCT/US2005/034764 WO2006041687A1 (en) | 2004-10-07 | 2005-09-27 | First surface mirror with chromium nitride layer |
PL05800106T PL1797465T3 (en) | 2004-10-07 | 2005-09-27 | Mirror with chromium nitride layer |
EP05800106A EP1797465B1 (en) | 2004-10-07 | 2005-09-27 | Mirror with chromium nitride layer |
US11/892,500 US7621648B2 (en) | 2004-10-07 | 2007-08-23 | First surface mirror with chromium nitride layer |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/959,321 US20060077580A1 (en) | 2004-10-07 | 2004-10-07 | First surface mirror with chromium nitride layer |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/892,500 Division US7621648B2 (en) | 2004-10-07 | 2007-08-23 | First surface mirror with chromium nitride layer |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20060077580A1 true US20060077580A1 (en) | 2006-04-13 |
Family
ID=36144973
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/959,321 Abandoned US20060077580A1 (en) | 2004-10-07 | 2004-10-07 | First surface mirror with chromium nitride layer |
US11/892,500 Expired - Fee Related US7621648B2 (en) | 2004-10-07 | 2007-08-23 | First surface mirror with chromium nitride layer |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/892,500 Expired - Fee Related US7621648B2 (en) | 2004-10-07 | 2007-08-23 | First surface mirror with chromium nitride layer |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US20060077580A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1797465B1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2399239T3 (en) |
PL (1) | PL1797465T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2006041687A1 (en) |
Cited By (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20070223096A1 (en) * | 2006-03-23 | 2007-09-27 | Guardian Industries Corp., & Centre Luxembourgeois De Recherches Pour Le Verre Et Al Caramique S.A. | Parabolic trough or dish reflector for use in concentrating solar power apparatus and method of making same |
US20070243355A1 (en) * | 2004-09-21 | 2007-10-18 | Guardian Industries Corp. | First surface mirror with silicon-metal oxide nucleation layer |
US20080164173A1 (en) * | 2007-01-09 | 2008-07-10 | Guardian Industries Corp. | Spacer separation for coated glass sheets such as first surface mirrors |
US20090233106A1 (en) * | 2008-03-11 | 2009-09-17 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Reflective article and method of making a reflective article |
WO2012035258A1 (en) * | 2010-09-15 | 2012-03-22 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Illuminating mirror panel comprising light emitting diodes |
WO2013166232A1 (en) | 2012-05-04 | 2013-11-07 | Centre Luxembourgeois De Recherches Pour Le Verre Et La Ceramique S.A. (C.R.V.C.) | Mirror with optional protective paint layer, and/or methods of making the same |
WO2014116551A1 (en) | 2013-01-25 | 2014-07-31 | Guardian Industries Corp. | Mirror |
WO2014126801A1 (en) | 2013-02-13 | 2014-08-21 | Centre Luxembourgeois De Recherches Pour Le Verre Et La Ceramique (C.R.V.C.) Sarl | Dielectric mirror |
WO2014130493A1 (en) | 2013-02-19 | 2014-08-28 | Guardian Do Brasil Vidros Planos Ltda. | Mirror having reflective layer of or including silicon aluminum |
WO2014130506A1 (en) | 2013-02-19 | 2014-08-28 | Guardian Do Brasil Vidros Planos Ltda. | Mirror having reflective layer of or including silicon aluminum |
WO2015042157A1 (en) | 2013-09-18 | 2015-03-26 | Guardian Industries Corp. | Dielectric mirror |
US9341748B2 (en) | 2011-12-28 | 2016-05-17 | Guardian Industries Corp. | Mirror for use in humid environments, and/or method of making the same |
CN105954824A (en) * | 2016-05-13 | 2016-09-21 | 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 | Corrosion-resistant high-reflection front mirror and preparation method thereof |
CN113278938A (en) * | 2021-05-24 | 2021-08-20 | 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 | Chromium coating with high light reflection rate and high hardness and preparation method and application thereof |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102007027335A1 (en) * | 2007-06-14 | 2008-12-18 | Mtu Aero Engines Gmbh | Wear protection coating and component with a wear protection coating |
CN101746083A (en) * | 2008-12-17 | 2010-06-23 | 鸿富锦精密工业(深圳)有限公司 | Base plate with multi-layer film structure |
US8760760B2 (en) * | 2010-09-30 | 2014-06-24 | Reald Inc. | Cleanable coating for projection screen |
US20130084465A1 (en) * | 2011-09-29 | 2013-04-04 | Vapor Technologies, Inc. | Stainless Steel and Silver Colored PVD Coatings |
US9580817B2 (en) | 2012-12-04 | 2017-02-28 | Vergason Technology, Inc. | Bilayer chromium nitride coated articles and related methods |
US9097843B2 (en) | 2012-12-07 | 2015-08-04 | Guardian Industries Corp. | First surface mirror, method of making the same, and scanner and/or copier including the same |
US9488760B2 (en) | 2013-02-28 | 2016-11-08 | Corning Incorporated | Enhanced, durable silver coating stacks for highly reflective mirrors |
KR20140142123A (en) * | 2013-05-31 | 2014-12-11 | 삼성전자주식회사 | method of manufacturing the multi layer thin film, the member including the same, and the electronic product including the same |
FR3084352B1 (en) | 2018-07-26 | 2023-04-28 | Saint Gobain | PROCESS FOR OBTAINING A DECORATIVE MIRROR. |
US11226548B2 (en) * | 2019-05-20 | 2022-01-18 | Reald | Polarizing preserving front projection screen with protrusions |
Citations (23)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4309075A (en) * | 1979-10-05 | 1982-01-05 | Optical Coating Laboratory, Inc. | Multilayer mirror with maximum reflectance |
US4780372A (en) * | 1984-07-20 | 1988-10-25 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Silicon nitride protective coatings for silvered glass mirrors |
US4943486A (en) * | 1987-04-01 | 1990-07-24 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Coated article and method of production |
US5112693A (en) * | 1988-10-03 | 1992-05-12 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Low reflectance, highly saturated colored coating for monolithic glazing |
US5563734A (en) * | 1993-04-28 | 1996-10-08 | The Boc Group, Inc. | Durable low-emissivity solar control thin film coating |
US5669681A (en) * | 1996-08-22 | 1997-09-23 | Sony Corporation | Mirror securing device |
US5896236A (en) * | 1997-02-05 | 1999-04-20 | Zenith Electronics Corporation | Metallized plastic film mirror for projection television receiver |
US5923464A (en) * | 1996-12-20 | 1999-07-13 | Summit Coating Technologies, Llc | Substance for front surface mirror |
US6059909A (en) * | 1995-11-02 | 2000-05-09 | Guardian Industries Corp. | Neutral, high visible, durable low-E glass coating system, insulating glass units made therefrom, and methods of making same |
US6078425A (en) * | 1999-06-09 | 2000-06-20 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Durable silver coating for mirrors |
US6212004B1 (en) * | 1996-05-10 | 2001-04-03 | Applied Coatings, Inc. | Reflector with directional control of visible and infra-red radiation |
US6275272B1 (en) * | 1997-08-30 | 2001-08-14 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Projection television receiver |
US6524714B1 (en) * | 2001-05-03 | 2003-02-25 | Guardian Industries Corp. | Heat treatable coated articles with metal nitride layer and methods of making same |
US6558010B2 (en) * | 2001-08-09 | 2003-05-06 | Takaroku Shoji Co., Ltd. | Reflecting mirror |
US6576349B2 (en) * | 2000-07-10 | 2003-06-10 | Guardian Industries Corp. | Heat treatable low-E coated articles and methods of making same |
US20030162104A1 (en) * | 2002-02-22 | 2003-08-28 | Hoya Corporation | Reflective-type mask blank for exposure, method of producing the same, and reflective-type mask for exposure |
US20030180546A1 (en) * | 2001-05-03 | 2003-09-25 | Guardian Industries Corp. | Heat treatable coated article with chromium nitride IR reflecting layer and method of making same |
US20030219654A1 (en) * | 2002-03-01 | 2003-11-27 | Hoya Corporation | Halftone type phase shift mask blank and halftone type phase shift mask |
US6749307B2 (en) * | 1994-05-12 | 2004-06-15 | Glaverbel | Silver coated mirror |
US6778315B2 (en) * | 2002-09-25 | 2004-08-17 | Rosemount Aerospace Inc. | Micro mirror structure with flat reflective coating |
US6783253B2 (en) * | 2002-03-21 | 2004-08-31 | Guardian Industries Corp. | First surface mirror with DLC coating |
US20040190141A1 (en) * | 2003-03-27 | 2004-09-30 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Durable silver thin film coating for diffraction gratings |
US20060152832A1 (en) * | 2002-10-10 | 2006-07-13 | Laurent Aumercier | Hydrophilic reflective article |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS63315541A (en) | 1987-06-18 | 1988-12-23 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | Heat ray reflecting glass of half mirror |
ZA912915B (en) | 1990-05-10 | 1992-04-29 | Boc Group Inc | Novel monolithic front surface mirror |
CA2120877A1 (en) * | 1993-04-28 | 1994-10-29 | Jesse D. Wolfe | Durable first and second surface mirrors |
US6749941B2 (en) * | 2002-03-14 | 2004-06-15 | Guardian Industries Corp. | Insulating glass (IG) window unit including heat treatable coating with silicon-rich silicon nitride layer |
-
2004
- 2004-10-07 US US10/959,321 patent/US20060077580A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2005
- 2005-09-27 PL PL05800106T patent/PL1797465T3/en unknown
- 2005-09-27 WO PCT/US2005/034764 patent/WO2006041687A1/en active Application Filing
- 2005-09-27 EP EP05800106A patent/EP1797465B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2005-09-27 ES ES05800106T patent/ES2399239T3/en active Active
-
2007
- 2007-08-23 US US11/892,500 patent/US7621648B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (23)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4309075A (en) * | 1979-10-05 | 1982-01-05 | Optical Coating Laboratory, Inc. | Multilayer mirror with maximum reflectance |
US4780372A (en) * | 1984-07-20 | 1988-10-25 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Silicon nitride protective coatings for silvered glass mirrors |
US4943486A (en) * | 1987-04-01 | 1990-07-24 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Coated article and method of production |
US5112693A (en) * | 1988-10-03 | 1992-05-12 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Low reflectance, highly saturated colored coating for monolithic glazing |
US5563734A (en) * | 1993-04-28 | 1996-10-08 | The Boc Group, Inc. | Durable low-emissivity solar control thin film coating |
US6749307B2 (en) * | 1994-05-12 | 2004-06-15 | Glaverbel | Silver coated mirror |
US6059909A (en) * | 1995-11-02 | 2000-05-09 | Guardian Industries Corp. | Neutral, high visible, durable low-E glass coating system, insulating glass units made therefrom, and methods of making same |
US6212004B1 (en) * | 1996-05-10 | 2001-04-03 | Applied Coatings, Inc. | Reflector with directional control of visible and infra-red radiation |
US5669681A (en) * | 1996-08-22 | 1997-09-23 | Sony Corporation | Mirror securing device |
US5923464A (en) * | 1996-12-20 | 1999-07-13 | Summit Coating Technologies, Llc | Substance for front surface mirror |
US5896236A (en) * | 1997-02-05 | 1999-04-20 | Zenith Electronics Corporation | Metallized plastic film mirror for projection television receiver |
US6275272B1 (en) * | 1997-08-30 | 2001-08-14 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Projection television receiver |
US6078425A (en) * | 1999-06-09 | 2000-06-20 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Durable silver coating for mirrors |
US6576349B2 (en) * | 2000-07-10 | 2003-06-10 | Guardian Industries Corp. | Heat treatable low-E coated articles and methods of making same |
US6524714B1 (en) * | 2001-05-03 | 2003-02-25 | Guardian Industries Corp. | Heat treatable coated articles with metal nitride layer and methods of making same |
US20030180546A1 (en) * | 2001-05-03 | 2003-09-25 | Guardian Industries Corp. | Heat treatable coated article with chromium nitride IR reflecting layer and method of making same |
US6558010B2 (en) * | 2001-08-09 | 2003-05-06 | Takaroku Shoji Co., Ltd. | Reflecting mirror |
US20030162104A1 (en) * | 2002-02-22 | 2003-08-28 | Hoya Corporation | Reflective-type mask blank for exposure, method of producing the same, and reflective-type mask for exposure |
US20030219654A1 (en) * | 2002-03-01 | 2003-11-27 | Hoya Corporation | Halftone type phase shift mask blank and halftone type phase shift mask |
US6783253B2 (en) * | 2002-03-21 | 2004-08-31 | Guardian Industries Corp. | First surface mirror with DLC coating |
US6778315B2 (en) * | 2002-09-25 | 2004-08-17 | Rosemount Aerospace Inc. | Micro mirror structure with flat reflective coating |
US20060152832A1 (en) * | 2002-10-10 | 2006-07-13 | Laurent Aumercier | Hydrophilic reflective article |
US20040190141A1 (en) * | 2003-03-27 | 2004-09-30 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Durable silver thin film coating for diffraction gratings |
Cited By (26)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20070243355A1 (en) * | 2004-09-21 | 2007-10-18 | Guardian Industries Corp. | First surface mirror with silicon-metal oxide nucleation layer |
US7678459B2 (en) | 2004-09-21 | 2010-03-16 | Guardian Industries Corp. | First surface mirror with silicon-metal oxide nucleation layer |
US8303124B2 (en) | 2006-03-23 | 2012-11-06 | Guardian Industries Corp. | Parabolic trough or dish reflector for use in concentrating solar power apparatus and method of making same |
US20070223096A1 (en) * | 2006-03-23 | 2007-09-27 | Guardian Industries Corp., & Centre Luxembourgeois De Recherches Pour Le Verre Et Al Caramique S.A. | Parabolic trough or dish reflector for use in concentrating solar power apparatus and method of making same |
US8585225B2 (en) | 2006-03-23 | 2013-11-19 | Guardian Industries Corp. | Parabolic trough or dish reflector for use in concentrating solar power apparatus and method of making same |
US7871664B2 (en) | 2006-03-23 | 2011-01-18 | Guardian Industries Corp. | Parabolic trough or dish reflector for use in concentrating solar power apparatus and method of making same |
US20110085257A1 (en) * | 2006-03-23 | 2011-04-14 | O'connor Kevin | Parabolic trough or dish reflector for use in concentrating solar power apparatus and method of making same |
US9108775B2 (en) | 2007-01-09 | 2015-08-18 | Guardian Industries Corp. | Spacer separation for coated glass sheets such as first surface mirrors |
US20080164173A1 (en) * | 2007-01-09 | 2008-07-10 | Guardian Industries Corp. | Spacer separation for coated glass sheets such as first surface mirrors |
US20090233106A1 (en) * | 2008-03-11 | 2009-09-17 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Reflective article and method of making a reflective article |
US8628820B2 (en) * | 2008-03-11 | 2014-01-14 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Reflective article and method of making a reflective article |
CN103209619A (en) * | 2010-09-15 | 2013-07-17 | 法国圣-戈班玻璃公司 | Illuminating mirror panel comprising light emitting diodes |
WO2012035258A1 (en) * | 2010-09-15 | 2012-03-22 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Illuminating mirror panel comprising light emitting diodes |
US9556069B2 (en) | 2011-12-28 | 2017-01-31 | Centre Luxembourgeois De Recherches Pour Le Verre Et La Ceramique (C.R.V.C.) Sarl | Mirror with optional protective paint layer, and/or methods of making the same |
US9341748B2 (en) | 2011-12-28 | 2016-05-17 | Guardian Industries Corp. | Mirror for use in humid environments, and/or method of making the same |
WO2013166232A1 (en) | 2012-05-04 | 2013-11-07 | Centre Luxembourgeois De Recherches Pour Le Verre Et La Ceramique S.A. (C.R.V.C.) | Mirror with optional protective paint layer, and/or methods of making the same |
US9134467B2 (en) | 2013-01-25 | 2015-09-15 | Guardian Industries Corp. | Mirror |
WO2014116551A1 (en) | 2013-01-25 | 2014-07-31 | Guardian Industries Corp. | Mirror |
WO2014126801A1 (en) | 2013-02-13 | 2014-08-21 | Centre Luxembourgeois De Recherches Pour Le Verre Et La Ceramique (C.R.V.C.) Sarl | Dielectric mirror |
WO2014130506A1 (en) | 2013-02-19 | 2014-08-28 | Guardian Do Brasil Vidros Planos Ltda. | Mirror having reflective layer of or including silicon aluminum |
US9134466B2 (en) | 2013-02-19 | 2015-09-15 | Guardian Do Brasil Vidros Planos Ltda. | Mirror having reflective layer of or including silicon aluminum |
US9151880B2 (en) | 2013-02-19 | 2015-10-06 | Guardian Do Brasil Vidros Planos Ltda. | Mirror having reflective layer of or including silicon aluminum |
WO2014130493A1 (en) | 2013-02-19 | 2014-08-28 | Guardian Do Brasil Vidros Planos Ltda. | Mirror having reflective layer of or including silicon aluminum |
WO2015042157A1 (en) | 2013-09-18 | 2015-03-26 | Guardian Industries Corp. | Dielectric mirror |
CN105954824A (en) * | 2016-05-13 | 2016-09-21 | 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 | Corrosion-resistant high-reflection front mirror and preparation method thereof |
CN113278938A (en) * | 2021-05-24 | 2021-08-20 | 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 | Chromium coating with high light reflection rate and high hardness and preparation method and application thereof |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2006041687A1 (en) | 2006-04-20 |
EP1797465A4 (en) | 2010-01-20 |
EP1797465B1 (en) | 2012-11-07 |
ES2399239T3 (en) | 2013-03-26 |
PL1797465T3 (en) | 2013-04-30 |
US20070291381A1 (en) | 2007-12-20 |
US7621648B2 (en) | 2009-11-24 |
EP1797465A1 (en) | 2007-06-20 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US7621648B2 (en) | First surface mirror with chromium nitride layer | |
US6783253B2 (en) | First surface mirror with DLC coating | |
US7276289B2 (en) | First surface mirror with metal oxide nucleation layer | |
US7678459B2 (en) | First surface mirror with silicon-metal oxide nucleation layer | |
US6934085B2 (en) | First surface mirror with chromium inclusive nucleation layer | |
JP3444880B2 (en) | Conductive light attenuation type anti-reflective coating | |
KR920003717B1 (en) | Method for reducing the reflectance of a transparent viewing screen and viewing screen with reduced refledanes | |
US20080073203A1 (en) | Method of making first surface mirror with oxide graded reflecting layer structure | |
JPH0558680A (en) | Heat-ray shielding glass | |
US7055954B2 (en) | Scratch masking coatings for optical substrates | |
US6407862B2 (en) | Electronic projection system with polymeric film optical components | |
JP4612827B2 (en) | Anti-reflection coating | |
US5837362A (en) | Mirror with scratch resistant surface | |
JP2003098312A (en) | Antireflection film and optical device | |
US8142035B2 (en) | Mirror with selectively oxidized areas for memory effect and method of making same | |
US20230258844A1 (en) | Heat treatable coated article having antireflective coating(s) on substrate | |
RU2737824C1 (en) | Dichroic mirror | |
JPH1130704A (en) | Spectacle plastic lens | |
JPH1130705A (en) | Spectacle plastic lens with reflection preventive film | |
JPH0626877B2 (en) | Heat shield glass | |
JP2007520734A (en) | Optical structure that reduces reflection of optically transparent substrates |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: CENTRE LUXEMBOURGEOIS DE RECHERCHES POUR LE VERRE Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:WUILLAUME, FRANCIS;DIETRICH, ANTON;BOYCE, BRENT;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:016122/0426;SIGNING DATES FROM 20041214 TO 20041224 Owner name: GUARDIAN INDUSTRIES CORP., MICHIGAN Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:WUILLAUME, FRANCIS;DIETRICH, ANTON;BOYCE, BRENT;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:016122/0426;SIGNING DATES FROM 20041214 TO 20041224 |
|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: GUARDIAN GLASS, LLC., MICHIGAN Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:GUARDIAN INDUSTRIES CORP.;REEL/FRAME:044053/0318 Effective date: 20170801 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: CENTRE LUXEMBOURGEOIS DE RECHERCHES POUR LE VERRE ET LA CERAMIQUE S.A.R.L., LUXEMBOURG Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:CENTRE LUXEMBOURGEOIS DE RECHERCHES POUR LE VERRE ET LA CERAMIQUE S.A.;REEL/FRAME:044900/0321 Effective date: 20120823 Owner name: CENTRE LUXEMBOURGEOIS DE RECHERCHES POUR LE VERRE Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:CENTRE LUXEMBOURGEOIS DE RECHERCHES POUR LE VERRE ET LA CERAMIQUE S.A.;REEL/FRAME:044900/0321 Effective date: 20120823 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: CENTRE LUXEMBOURGEOIS DE RECHERCHES POUR LE VERRE ET LA CERAMIQUE S.A R.L., LUXEMBOURG Free format text: CORRECTIVE ASSIGNMENT TO CORRECT THE NAME AND ADDRESS OF THE ASSIGNEE PREVIOUSLY RECORDED ON REEL 044900 FRAME 0321. ASSIGNOR(S) HEREBY CONFIRMS THE CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:CENTRE LUXEMBOURGEOIS DE RECHERCHES POUR LE VERRE ET LA CERAMIQUE S.A.;REEL/FRAME:045870/0001 Effective date: 20120823 Owner name: CENTRE LUXEMBOURGEOIS DE RECHERCHES POUR LE VERRE Free format text: CORRECTIVE ASSIGNMENT TO CORRECT THE NAME AND ADDRESS OF THE ASSIGNEE PREVIOUSLY RECORDED ON REEL 044900 FRAME 0321. ASSIGNOR(S) HEREBY CONFIRMS THE CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:CENTRE LUXEMBOURGEOIS DE RECHERCHES POUR LE VERRE ET LA CERAMIQUE S.A.;REEL/FRAME:045870/0001 Effective date: 20120823 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: GUARDIAN EUROPE S.A R.L., LUXEMBOURG Free format text: MERGER;ASSIGNOR:CENTRE LUXEMBOURGEOIS DE RECHERCHES POUR LE VERRE ET LA CERAMIQUE S.A R.L.;REEL/FRAME:046834/0495 Effective date: 20170717 |