US20060014642A1 - Herbicidal compositions - Google Patents

Herbicidal compositions Download PDF

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US20060014642A1
US20060014642A1 US11/203,953 US20395305A US2006014642A1 US 20060014642 A1 US20060014642 A1 US 20060014642A1 US 20395305 A US20395305 A US 20395305A US 2006014642 A1 US2006014642 A1 US 2006014642A1
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salts
alkyl
herbicides
methyl
group
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Erwin Hacker
Eckhard Rose
Hansjorg Dietrich
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Bayer CropScience AG
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Bayer CropScience AG
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Assigned to BAYER CROPSCIENCE GMBH reassignment BAYER CROPSCIENCE GMBH ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: DIETRICH, HANSJOERG, HACKER, ERWIN, ROSE, ECKHARD
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/64—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/64—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/66—1,3,5-Triazines, not hydrogenated and not substituted at the ring nitrogen atoms
    • A01N43/68—1,3,5-Triazines, not hydrogenated and not substituted at the ring nitrogen atoms with two or three nitrogen atoms directly attached to ring carbon atoms

Definitions

  • the invention is in the technical field of crop protection products which can be used against unwanted vegetation on non-crop land, for preparing seed or in plant crops and which comprise, as herbicidally active compounds, a combination of at least two herbicides, where one herbicide component is selected from the group consisting of certain bicyclically substituted azines.
  • herbicides see, for example, WO-A-97/31904 or U.S. Pat. No. 6,069,114.
  • the compounds are effective against a broad spectrum of harmful plants both when applied by the pre-emergence method and when applied by the post-emergence method, a non-selective use for controlling unwanted vegetation or a selective use in plant crops, if appropriate in combination with safeners, being possible.
  • the efficacy of these herbicides against harmful plants is at a high level, but depends in general on the application rate, the formulation in question, the spectrum of harmful plants, the harmful plants to be controlled in each case, the climatic and soil conditions and the like. Another criterion is the duration of action, or the breakdown rate of the herbicide. If appropriate, changes in the sensitivity of harmful plants, which may occur upon prolonged use of the herbicides or within geographic limitations, must also be taken into consideration. The compensation of losses in action in the case of individual harmful plants by increasing the application rates of the herbicides is only possible to a certain degree, for example because such a procedure frequently reduces the selectivity of the herbicides or because the action is not improved, even when applying higher rates.
  • the selectivity in crops can be improved by adding safeners.
  • One possibility of improving the application profile of a herbicide can consist in combining the active compound with one or more other active compounds which contribute the desired additional properties.
  • the combined use of a plurality of active compounds frequently causes phenomena of physical and biological incompatibility, for example a lack of stability in a coformulation, decomposition of an active compound, or antagonism of the active compounds.
  • What is desired are, in contrast, combinations of active compounds having an advantageous activity profile, high stability and, if possible, an unexpected synergistically improved action, which allows the application rate to be reduced in comparison with the individual application of the active compounds to be combined.
  • active compounds of the herbicide type mentioned act in a particularly favorable manner against unwanted vegetation when they are used in combination with certain structurally different herbicides. They are preferably used on non-crop land, plantation crops and crops which are substantially tolerant to the application of the herbicides, if appropriate with added safeners.
  • the invention provides herbicide combinations comprising an effective amount of components (A) and (B) where
  • component (A) is one or more herbicides of the formula (I) or salts thereof
  • component (B) is one or more herbicides (B) which are structurally different from the herbicides (A) present in each case, selected from the group of compounds consisting of
  • the herbicide combinations according to the invention may comprise further components, for example other active compounds against harmful organisms such as harmful plants, plant-damaging animals or plant-damaging fungi, in particular compounds from the group of the herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, acaricides, nematicides and miticides and related substances, or else crop protection agents of a different type (for example safeners, resistance inductors), plant growth regulators and/or formulation auxiliaries and/or additives customary in crop protection.
  • the components may be formulated (finished formulation) and applied together, or they can be formulated separately and applied together, for example by the tank mix method or in a sequential application.
  • the individual herbicides of the formula (I) present as component (A) are hereinbelow also referred to as compounds (A) or active compounds (A).
  • the individual herbicides present as component (B) are hereinbelow also referred to as compounds (B) or active compounds (B).
  • the synergistic effects are observed when the active compounds (A) and (B) are applied together; however, they may frequently also occur when the compounds are applied as a split application over time.
  • Another possibility is the application of the herbicides or the herbicide combinations in a plurality of portions (sequential application), for example one or more pre-emergence applications may be followed by a post-emergence application, or an early post-emergence application may be followed by applications at medium or late post-emergence.
  • Preferred is the joint or nearly simultaneous application of the active compounds of the combination in question, if appropriate in a plurality of portions.
  • pre-emergence or post-emergence method is, depending on the context in which the terms are used, to be understood as meaning the application of the active compounds before or after the point in time when the harmful plants become visible above the ground, respectively, or the application of the active compounds against the harmful plants before the emergence of the crop plants and after the emergence of the crop plants, respectively.
  • the synergistic effects permit, for example, a reduction in the application rates of the individual active compounds, a higher efficacy at the same application rate, the control of previously uncontrolled species of harmful plants (gaps), higher residual action, longer long-term action, a more rapid onset of action, an extension of the period of application and/or a reduction of the number of individual applications required and—as a result for the user—weed control systems which are more advantageous economically and ecologically.
  • the formula (I) also includes all stereoisomers of the compounds whose specific stereochemical configuration is not expressly expressed by the formula, and mixtures thereof. Such compounds of the formula (I) contain one or more asymmetrical carbon atoms or else double bonds which are not specifically shown in the general formulae (I).
  • the formula (I) embraces all possible stereoisomers defined by their specific spatial form, such as enantiomers, diastereoisomers, Z and E isomers, and these stereoisomers can be obtained by customary methods from mixtures of the stereoisomers or else by stereoselective reactions in combination with the use of stereochemically pure starting materials.
  • the compounds of the formula (I) are capable of forming salts.
  • a suitable inorganic or organic acid such as, for example, HCl, HBr, H 2 SO 4 or HNO 3 , or else oxalic acid or sulfonic acids, to a basic group, such as, for example, amino or alkylamino
  • the compounds of the formula (I) are capable of forming salts.
  • Suitable substituents present in deprotonated form such as, for example, sulfonic acids or carboxylic acids, can form inner salts with groups which for their part are protonatable, such as amino groups.
  • salts by replacing the hydrogen of suitable substituents, such as, for example, sulfonic acids or carboxylic acids, by an agriculturally useful cation.
  • suitable substituents such as, for example, sulfonic acids or carboxylic acids
  • These salts are, for example, metal salts, in particular alkali metal salts or alkaline earth metal salts, especially sodium and potassium salts, or else ammonium salts, salts with organic amines or quaternary ammonium salts.
  • (C 1 -C 4 )-alkyl is an abbreviated notation for open-chain alkyl having one to 4 carbon atoms, i.e. it comprises the radicals methyl, ethyl, 1-propyl, 2-propyl, 1-butyl, 2-butyl, 2-methylpropyl or tert-butyl.
  • general alkyl radicals having a wider stated range of carbon atoms for example “(C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl”, also comprise straight-chain or branched alkyl radicals having a larger number of carbon atoms, i.e., for example, also the alkyl radicals having 5 and 6 carbon atoms.
  • the lower carbon skeletons for example those having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or, in the case of unsaturated groups, having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, are preferred for the hydrocarbon radicals, such as alkyl, alkenyl and alkynyl radicals, including in composite radicals.
  • Alkyl radicals including the composite meanings, such as alkoxy, haloalkyl, etc., are, for example, methyl, ethyl, n- or i-propyl, n-, i-, t- or 2-butyl, pentyls, hexyls, such as n-hexyl, i-hexyl and 1,3-dimethylbutyl, heptyls, such as n-heptyl, 1-methylhexyl and 1,4-dimethylpentyl; alkenyl and alkynyl radicals denote the possible unsaturated radicals which correspond to the meaning of the alkyl radicals; alkenyl is, for example, vinyl, allyl, 1-methyl-2-propenyl, 2-methyl-2-propenyl, 2-butenyl, pentenyl, 2-methylpentenyl or hexenyl, preferably allyl, 1-methylprop-2-en-1-yl,
  • (C 2 -C 6 )-Alkynyl is, for example, ethynyl, propargyl, 1-methyl-2-propynyl, 2-methyl-2-propynyl, 2-butynyl, 2-pentynyl or 2-hexynyl, preferably propargyl, but-2-yn-1-yl, but-3-yn-1-yl or 1-methyl-but-3-yn-1-yl.
  • Cycloalkyl denotes a carbocyclic saturated ring system having preferably 3-8 carbon atoms, for example cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl.
  • Cycloalkenyl denotes a carbocyclic non-aromatic partially unsaturated ring system having preferably 4-8 carbon atoms, for example 1-cyclobutenyl, 2-cyclobutenyl, 1-cyclopentenyl, 2-cyclopentenyl, 3-cyclopentenyl, or 1-cyclohexenyl, 2-cyclohexenyl, 3-cyclohexenyl, 1,3-cyclohexadienyl or 1,4-cyclohexadienyl.
  • Halogen denotes, for example, fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine.
  • Haloalkyl, -alkenyl and -alkynyl denote alkyl, alkenyl and alkynyl, respectively, which are partially or fully substituted by identical or different halogen atoms, preferably selected from the group consisting of fluorine, chlorine and bromine, in particular from the group consisting of fluorine and chlorine, for example monohaloalkyl, perhaloalkyl, CF 3 , CHF 2 , CH 2 F, CF 3 CF 2 , CH 2 FCHCl, CCl 3 , CHCl 2 , CH 2 CH 2 Cl; haloalkoxy is, for example, OCF 3 , OCHF 2 , OCH 2 F, CF 3 CF 2 O, OCH 2 CF 3 and OCH 2 CH 2 Cl; this applies correspondingly to haloalkenyl and other halogen-substituted radicals.
  • radicals having carbon atoms preference is given to those having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably 1 or 2 carbon atoms.
  • substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, for example fluorine and chlorine, (C 1 -C 4 )-alkyl, preferably methyl or ethyl, (C 1 -C 4 )-haloalkyl, preferably trifluoromethyl, (C 1 -C 4 )-alkoxy, preferably methoxy or ethoxy, (C 1 -C 4 )-haloalkoxy, nitro and cyano. Particular preference is given here to the substituents methyl, methoxy, fluorine and chlorine.
  • Acyl denotes a radical of an organic acid which, formally, is formed by removing a hydroxyl group from the acid function, it also being possible for the organic radical in the acid to be attached to the acid function via a heteroatom.
  • acyl are the radical —CO—R of a carboxylic acid HO—CO—R and radicals of acids derived therefrom, such as thiocarboxylic acid, unsubstituted or N-substituted iminocarboxylic acids or the radical of carbonic acid monoesters, N-substituted carbamic acid, sulfonic acids, sulfinic acids, N-substituted sulfonamido acids, phosphonic acids, phosphinic acids.
  • Acyl denotes, for example, formyl, alkylcarbonyl, such as [(C 1 -C 4 )-alkyl]-carbonyl, phenylcarbonyl, alkyloxycarbonyl, phenyloxycarbonyl, benzyloxycarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfinyl, N-alkyl-1-iminoalkyl and other radicals of organic acids.
  • alkylcarbonyl such as [(C 1 -C 4 )-alkyl]-carbonyl
  • phenylcarbonyl alkyloxycarbonyl
  • phenyloxycarbonyl benzyloxycarbonyl
  • alkylsulfonyl alkylsulfinyl
  • N-alkyl-1-iminoalkyl and other radicals of organic acids.
  • radicals may in each case be substituted further in the alkyl or phenyl moiety, for example in the alkyl moiety by one or more radicals selected from the group consisting of halogen, alkoxy, phenyl and phenoxy; examples of substituents in the phenyl moiety are the substituents which have already been mentioned further above in a general manner for substituted phenyl.
  • Acyl preferably denotes an acyl radical in the narrower sense, i.e. a radical of an organic acid where the acid group is attached directly to the carbon atom of an organic radical, for example formyl, alkylcarbonyl, such as acetyl or [(C 1 -C 4 )-alkyl]carbonyl, phenylcarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfinyl and other radicals of organic acids.
  • an acyl radical in the narrower sense i.e. a radical of an organic acid where the acid group is attached directly to the carbon atom of an organic radical, for example formyl, alkylcarbonyl, such as acetyl or [(C 1 -C 4 )-alkyl]carbonyl, phenylcarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfinyl and other radicals of organic acids.
  • the “yl-position” of a radical denotes its point of attachment.
  • the compounds of the formula (I) are known in principle from WO 97/31904 or can be prepared by the processes described therein. Of particular interest are compounds of the formula (I) or salts thereof in which
  • R 1 is H or a group of the formula CZ 1 Z 2 Z 3 in which
  • R 2 is H, (C 1 -C 4 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 4 )-haloalkyl, (C 3 -C 4 )-alkenyl, (C 3 -C 4 )-haloalkenyl, (C 3 -C 4 )-alkynyl, (C 3 -C 4 )-haloalkynyl or an acyl radical having 1 to 12 carbon atoms (preferably an acyl radical selected from the group consisting of formyl, phenylcarbonyl, phenoxycarbonyl, where phenyl in the two last-mentioned radicals is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more radicals selected from the group consisting of halogen, (C 1 -C 2 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 2 )-haloalkyl, (C 1 -C 2 )-alkoxy, (C 1 -C 2 )-haloalkoxy and nitro, or
  • R 3 is H, (C 1 -C 4 )-alkyl or (C 1 -C 4 )-haloalkyl,
  • R 4 is H, (C 1 -C 3 )-alkyl or (C 1 -C 3 )-alkoxy,
  • R 5 , R 6 , R 7 and R 8 are each independently of one another H, (C 1 -C 3 )-alkyl, halogen, (C 1 -C 3 )-alkoxy, and
  • A is a divalent group of the formula CH 2 or O or a direct bond, preferably CH 2 or a direct bond, in particular a direct bond.
  • optically active compounds of the formula (I) and salts thereof in which the stereochemical configuration at the carbon atom marked 1 in formula (I) is the (R)-configuration with a stereochemical purity of 60 to 100% (R), preferably 70-100% (R), in particular 80 to 100% (R), in each case based on the content of stereoisomers having (R)- and (S)-configuration in this position.
  • R stereochemical purity
  • R preferably 70-100%
  • R in particular 80 to 100%
  • R stereoisomers having (R)- and (S)-configuration in this position.
  • the configuration is assumed to have been determined using the Cahn/Ingold/Prelog system, the priority of the substituents in position 1 being as follows:
  • priority is given to substituted NH; 2. priority is given to the bond to the phenyl ring; 3. priority is given to the other carbon ring atom, 4. priority is given to the hydrogen atom.
  • R 1 is a group of the formula CZ 1 Z 2 Z 3 , where CZ 1 Z 2 Z 3 is defined as above, in particular to those compounds in which the stereochemical configuration at the carbon atom of the group CZ 1 Z 2 Z 3 is the (R,S)-configuration or the (R)-configuration with a stereochemical purity of 60 to 100% (R), preferably 70-100% (R), in particular 80 to 100% (R), in each case based on the content of stereoisomers having (R)- and (S)-configuration in this position.
  • Suitable combination partners (A) are, for example, certain compounds of the formula (I) from Table 1 below.
  • the compounds are designated by the chemical formula of the main component, this component being present in a chemical purity of at least 95% by weight of the compound. It is, of course, also possible to use the compounds in lower purities. In particular if minor components of the compounds consist predominantly or entirely of active stereoisomers of the respective compounds (A), similar efficacies are achieved during application. Accordingly, preferred herbicides (A) are also mixtures of two or more compounds (A) from Table 1. For reasons of easier preparability, in practice, preference is especially also given to herbicides (A) comprising, as main component, a compound (A) from Table 1 and, as minor components, stereoisomers of the compound (A), preferably those which are also mentioned in Table 1.
  • the stereochemical orientation at a carbon atom is given and the stereochemical orientation is additionally assigned using the system of Cahn, Ingold and Prelog, the main component of the compound is a stereoisomer or a stereoisomer mixture which has the R- or S-configuration at the carbon atom referred to; the compound (A) is thus optically active.
  • the main component is a compound which, at the carbon atom in question, has the RS-configuration (racemic).
  • the compounds are racemic mixtures, i.e. the non-chiral stereoisomers contained therein (enantiomers of a pair of enantiomers) are present in the mixture in identical proportions.
  • the diastereoisomeric components are present in approximately identical proportions.
  • mixtures of diastereomers (in each case in racemic form) having different proportions of the diastereomeric components are possible.
  • the application rates of the herbicides (A) are known in principle and are in the range from 0.5 to 2000 g of active compound per hectare, preferably from 1 to 800 g of active compound per hectare, in particular from 5 to 500 g of active compound per hectare. In the combinations according to the invention, in the context of the application rates mentioned, lower application rates of the active compound in question are required compared to the application on its own.
  • soil-acting herbicides which are particularly suitable for pre-emergence application against monocotyledonous or dicotyledonous harmful plants, for example one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of
  • foliar-acting herbicides which are particularly suitable for post-emergence application against monocotyledonous or dicotyledonous harmful plants, for example one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of
  • foliar-acting herbicides which are particularly suitable for the post-emergence application against dicotyledonous harmful plants, for example one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of
  • the combinations according to the invention may be used together with other active compounds, such as the active compounds mentioned (herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, acaricides, etc.) and/or plant growth regulators or auxiliaries from the group of the formulation auxiliaries and additives customary in crop protection.
  • active compounds such as the active compounds mentioned (herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, acaricides, etc.) and/or plant growth regulators or auxiliaries from the group of the formulation auxiliaries and additives customary in crop protection.
  • the invention also provides the herbicidal compositions which comprise the active compound combinations according to the invention together with formulation auxiliaries, if appropriate further additives and if appropriate further crop protection agents.
  • the invention also provides the use or the application method where the active compound combinations according to the invention are used as herbicides and plant growth regulators, preferably as herbicides and plant growth regulators comprising a synergistically effective amount of the respective active compound combination contained therein.
  • a herbicide from the group of the herbicides (A1) to (A127) and herbicides from the group (B1) or (B2) or (B3) for example a herbicide from the group of the herbicides (A1) to (A127) and herbicides from the group (B1.1), (B1.2), (B2.1), (B2.2), (B2.3), (B3.1) or (B3.2), specifically one of the combinations K1.1, K1.2, K1.3, K1.4, K1.5, K1.6, K1.7, K1.8, K1.9, K1.10, K1.11, K1.12, K1.13, K1.14, K1.15, K1.16, K1.17, K1.18, K1.19, K1.20, K1.21, K1.22, K1.23, K1.24, K1.25, K1.26, K1.27, K1.28, K1.29, K1.30, K1.31, K1.32, K1.33, K1.34, K1.35, K1.36, K1.37, K1.38, K1.39, K1.40, K1.41, K1.42, K1.43, K1.44, K1.45, K1.46, K1.47, K1.4
  • weight ratios (A):(B) are, depending on the effective application rates, generally in the range from 1:8000 to 800:1, preferably 1:100 to 100:1, and particularly in the range from 1:50 to 50:1.
  • the combinations according to the invention can furthermore be used together with other active compounds, for example from the group of the herbicides, safeners, fungicides, insecticides and plant growth regulators, or from the group of the formulation auxiliaries and additives customary in crop protection.
  • Additives are, for example, fertilizers and colorants. Of particular importance here are combinations to which one or more further active compounds of a different structure or safeners [active compounds (C)] are added, such as, for example, according to the scheme
  • active compounds (A) with active compounds (B) selected from the group consisting of:
  • oxadiargyl B1.1.8, glufosinate (B2.1.1), glufosinate-ammonium (B2.1.1.1), glyphosate (B2.1.2), glyphosate-isopropylammonium (B2.1.2.1), sulfosate (B2.1.3), foramsulfuron (B2.1.5), iodosulfuron (B2.1.6), iodosulfuron-methyl sodium salt (B2.1.6.2), amicarbazone (B2.1.7), propoxycarbazone (B2.1.8), propoxycarbazone sodium salt (B2.1.8.1), metribuzine (B2.1.9), amidosulfuron (B2.2.7), oxyfluorfen (B3.1.1), oxadiazon (B3.1.8), diflufenican (B3.1.9) and diuron (B3.2), in particular glufosinate (B2.1.1), glufosinate-ammonium (B2.1.1.1), glyphos
  • herbicide combinations according to the invention can also be combined with further herbicides and plant growth regulators, for example to complete the activity spectrum.
  • herbicidally active compounds or plant growth regulators having a structure different from that of the herbicides (B) contained in the combinations, as described, for example, in the manual “The Pesticide Manual”, 13th Edition 2003, The British Crop Protection Council, or in the e-Pesticide Manual Version 3 (2003), or else as trade names and “common names” in the “Compendium of Pesticide Common Names” (searchable on the Internet), and in each case in the literature cited therein.
  • herbicides and plant growth regulators are given using their standardized active compound names according to the “International Organization for Standardization” (ISO) or by their chemical names or by a code number: acetochlor; acifluorfen(-sodium); aclonifen; AKH 7088, i.e.
  • ISO International Organization for Standardization
  • the name preferably defines the commercially available form.
  • Each of the further active compounds mentioned can then preferably be combined with one of the two-compound combinations K1.1 to K127.103, according to the scheme (A)+(B)+(C*) or else according to scheme (A)+(B)+(C1*)+(C2*) etc.
  • This also includes those multiple combinations in which the compounds (C*), (C1*) or (C2*) are selected from the group of the compounds (B), but are not identical to the compound (B) present in respective two-compound combinations.
  • (A)+(B3.2)+(B2.1.2)+petroleum preferably (A)+diuron (B3.2)+glyphosateisopropylammonium (B2.1.2.1)+mineral oil, in particular in amounts of 1-800 g of AS/ha (A) and 500-2000 g of AS/ha (B3.2) and 500-1500 g of AS/ha (B2.1.2.1) and 100-500 g/ha mineral oil;
  • (A)+(B1.2.1)+(B1.1.10) preferably (A)+isoxaben (B1.2.1)+oryzalin (B1.1.10) in amounts of 1-800 g of AS/ha (A) and 10-250 g of AS/ha (B1.2.1) and 1000-3500 g of AS/ha (B1.1.10);
  • (A)+(B3.1.1)+(B1.1.10) preferably (A)+oxyfluorfen (B3.1.1)+oryzalin (B1.1.10), in particular in amounts of 1-800 g of AS/ha (A) and 500-2000 g of AS/ha (B3.1.1) and 1000-5000 g of AS/ha (B1.1.0).
  • the combinations can be applied both by the pre-emergence method and by the post-emergence method. This applies both to pre- and post-emergence with respect to the harmful plants and, in the selective control of harmful plants, to the pre- or post-emergence of the crop plants. Mixed forms are also possible, for example after the emergence of the crop plants the control of the harmful plants at their pre- or post-emergence stage.
  • Suitable combination partners include crop plant-protecting active compounds (called “safeners” or “antidotes”) which are able to prevent or reduce phytotoxic effects of the herbicides in crop plants.
  • safeners crop plant-protecting active compounds
  • antidotes antidotes
  • Suitable safeners for the above-mentioned herbicidally active compounds (A) or combinations of herbicides (A) and (B) or generally for the combinations according to the invention are, for example, the following groups of compounds:
  • dichlorophenylpyrazolecarboxylic acid preferably compounds such as ethyl 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methylpyrazole-3-carboxylate (S1-2), ethyl 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-isopropylpyrazole-3-carboxylate (S 1-3), ethyl 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)pyrazole-3-carboxylate (S1-4), ethyl 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-phenylpyrazole-3-carboxylate (S1-5) and related compounds, as described in EP-A-333 131 and EP-A-269 806.
  • S1-2 ethyl 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methylpyrazole-3-carboxylate
  • S 1-3 ethyl 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5
  • c) compounds of the type of the triazolecarboxylic acids preferably compounds such as fenchlorazole (ethyl ester), i.e. ethyl 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-trichloromethyl-(1H)-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxylate (S 1-6), and related compounds (EP-A-174 562 and EP-A-346 620);
  • EP-A-86 750 EP-A-94 349 and EP-A-191 736 or EP-A-0 492 366.
  • active compounds of the type of the phenoxyacetic or -propionic acid derivatives or the aromatic carboxylic acids such as, for example, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (ester) (2,4-D), 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxypropionic ester (mecoprop), MCPA or 3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid (ester) (dicamba).
  • PPG-1292 N-allyl-N-[(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)methyl]dichloroacetamide from PPG Industries
  • DK-24 N-allyl-N-[(allylaminocarbonyl)methyl]dichloroacetamide from Sagro-Chem
  • naphthalenedicarboxylic acid derivatives which are known as seed dressings, such as, for example,
  • n) active compounds of the type of the chromanacetic acid derivatives such as, for example,
  • Each of the safeners of groups a) to q) mentioned can be combined as further active compound (C) preferably with one of the two-compound combinations K1.1 to K127.103 mentioned which comprises a compound (B) having a structure different from the compound (C) in question, according to the scheme (A)+(B)+(C).
  • the herbicide combinations according to the invention may comprise further components, for example other active compounds against harmful organisms such as harmful plants, plant-damaging animals or plant-damaging fungi, in particular active compounds from the group of the herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, acaricides, nematicides and miticides, and related substances.
  • Fungicidally active compounds which can be used in combination with the herbicide combinations according to the invention are preferably commercially available active compounds, for example (analogously to the herbicides, the compounds are generally referred to by their common names):
  • Preferred fungicides are selected from the group consisting of benalaxyl, bitertanol, bromuconazole, captafol, carbendazim, carpropamid, cyazofamid, cyproconazole, diethofencarb, edifenphos, fenpropimorph, fentine, fluquinconazole, fosetyl, fluoroimide, folpet, iminoctadine, iprodionem, iprovalicarb, kasugamycin, maneb, nabam, pencycuron, prochloraz, propamocarb, propineb, pyrimethanil, spiroxamine, quintozene, tebuconazole, tolylfluanid, triadimefon, triadimenol, trifloxystrobin, zineb.
  • Insecticidal, acaricidal, nematicidal, miticidal and related active compounds are, for example (analogously to the herbicides and fungicides, the compounds are, if possible, referred to by their common names):
  • Insecticides which may preferably be used together with the herbicides are, for example, the following:
  • acetamiprid acrinathrin, aldicarb, amitraz, acinphos-methyl, cyfluthrin, carbaryl, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, endosulfan, ethoprophos, fenamiphos, fenthion, fipronil, imidacloprid, methamidophos, methiocarb, niclosamide, oxydemeton-methyl, prothiophos, silafluofen, thiacloprid, thiodicarb, tralomethrin, triazophos, trichlorfon, triflumuron, terbufos, fonofos, phorate, chlorpyriphos, carbofuran, tefluthrin.
  • the active compound combinations according to the invention are suitable for controlling a broad spectrum of weeds on non-crop land, on paths, rail tracks, industrial terrain (“industrial weed control”) or in plantation crops, such as moderate, subtropical and tropical climates or geographies.
  • plantation crops are oil palms, nuts (for example almonds, hazelnuts, walnuts, macadamia), coconut, berries, oil palms, rubber tree, citrus (for example orange, lemon, mandarin), bananas, pineapples, cotton, sugarcane, tea, coffee, cacao and the like.
  • fruits for example pome fruit, such as apple, pear, cherry, mango, kiwi
  • viticulture for example pome fruit, such as apple, pear, cherry, mango, kiwi
  • compositions can also be used for preparing the soil for sowing (“burn-down” “no-till” or “zero-till” method) or for treatment after harvest (“chemical fallow”).
  • Potential applications of the active compound combinations extend to weed control in tree crops, for example young Christmas tree crops or eucalyptus plantations, in each case prior to planting or after transplanting (also by over-top treatment).
  • compositions can also be used in selective crops of economically important crops, such as cereals (wheat, barley, rye), corn, rice, sugarbeet, sugarcane, oil seed rape, cotton and soybean.
  • cereals wheat, barley, rye
  • corn corn
  • rice sugarbeet
  • sugarcane oil seed rape
  • cotton and soybean When using the active compounds (A) and (B) in crop plants such as cereals and corn, it may, depending on the crop plant, be expedient to apply a safener above certain application rates to prevent or reduce damage to the crop plant.
  • herbicidal compositions are synergistically effective with respect to herbicide action and selectivity and have a favorable action with a view to the weed spectrum. They have excellent herbicidal activity against a broad spectrum of economically important monocotyledonous or dicotyledonous harmful plants.
  • the active compounds even act efficiently on perennial weeds which produce shoots from rhizomes, root stocks or other perennial organs and which are difficult to control. In this context, it does not matter whether the substances are applied before sowing, pre-emergence or post-emergence. Application by the early post-sowing pre-emergence method or by the post-emergence method of plantation crops against harmful plants which have not yet emerged or which have already emerged is preferred.
  • the application may also be integrated into weed management systems with repeat split applications (sequence applications, sequentials).
  • examples may be mentioned of some representatives of the monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous weed flora which can be controlled by the active compound combinations according to the invention, without the enumeration being a restriction to certain species.
  • the compositions control Agrostis, Alopecurus, Apera, Avena, Brachicaria, Bromus, Dactyloctenium, Digitaria, Echinochloa, Eleocharis, Eleusine, Festuca, Fimbristylis, Ischaemum, Lolium, Monochoria, Panicum, Paspalum, Phalaris, Phleum, Poa, Sagittaria, Scirpus, Setaria, Sphenoclea and Cyperus species from the annual group and, from the perennial weeds, Agropyron, Cynodon, Imperata and Sorghum, and also perennial Cyperus species.
  • the activity spectrum extends to species such as, for example, Galium, Viola, Veronica, Lamium, Stellaria, Amaranthus, Sinapis, Ipomoea, Matricaria, Abutilon and Sida from the annual and Convolvulus, Cirsium, Rumex and Artemisia from the perennial weeds.
  • a herbicidal action is also observed against dicotyledonous harmful plants, such as Ambrosia, Anthemis, Carduus, Centaurea, Chenopodium, Datura, Emex, Galeopsis, Galinsoga, Kochia, Lepidium, Lindernia, Papaver, Portlaca, Polygonum, Ranunculus, Rorippa, Rotala, Seneceio, Sesbania, Solanum, Sonchus, Taraxacum, Trifolium, Urtica and Xanthium.
  • harmful plants such as Ambrosia, Anthemis, Carduus, Centaurea, Chenopodium, Datura, Emex, Galeopsis, Galinsoga, Kochia, Lepidium, Lindernia, Papaver, Portlaca, Polygonum, Ranunculus, Rorippa, Rotala, Seneceio, Sesbania, Solanum, Sonchus, Taraxacum, Trifolium, Urtica and Xanthium
  • the active compound combinations according to the invention are applied to the soil surface before germination, then the weed seedlings are either prevented completely from emerging, or the weeds grow until they have reached the cotyledonous stage but then their growth stops, and, eventually, after three to four weeks have elapsed, they die completely.
  • the herbicidal compositions according to the invention are distinguished by a rapidly commencing and long-lasting herbicidal action.
  • the rain fastness of the active compounds in the combinations according to the invention is advantageous.
  • a particular advantage is that the dosages of compounds (A) and (B), which are used in the combinations and are effective, can be adjusted to such a low quantity that their soil action is optimally low. Not only does this allow them to be employed in sensitive crops in the first place, but ground water contaminations are virtually avoided.
  • the combination according to the invention of active compounds allows the application rate of the active compounds required to be reduced considerably.
  • compositions according to the invention additionally have outstanding growth-regulatory properties in crop plants. They engage in a plant's metabolism in a regulatory fashion and can thus be employed for targeted influencing of plant constituents and for facilitating harvesting, such as, for example, by triggering desiccation and stunted growth. Moreover, they are also suitable for generally controlling and inhibiting unwanted vegetative growth without destroying the plants in the process. Inhibiting the vegetative growth plays an important role in many monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous crops, allowing lodging to be reduced or prevented completely.
  • the compositions can also be employed for controlling harmful plants in crops of known genetically modified plants or genetically modified plants yet to be developed.
  • the transgenic plants are distinguished by particularly advantageous properties, in addition to resistances to the compositions according to the invention, for example by resistances to plant diseases or plant pathogens, such as certain insects or microorganisms such as fungi, bacteria or viruses.
  • Other particular properties relate, for example, to the harvested material with respect to quantity, quality, storability, composition and specific constituents.
  • transgenic plants with an increased starch content or in which the quality of the starch is altered, or those having a different fatty acid composition of the harvested material are known.
  • novel plants with modified characteristics can be generated using recombinant procedures (see, for example, EP-A-0221044, EP-A-0131624). For example, a number of cases have been described of
  • nucleic acid molecules which permit a mutagenesis or a sequence modification by recombination of DNA sequences can be introduced into plasmids.
  • base exchanges for example, it is possible with the aid of the abovementioned standard methods to carry out base exchanges, to remove subsequences or to add natural or synthetic sequences.
  • Adapters or linkers may be added in order to link the DNA fragments to each other.
  • plant cells with a reduced activity of a gene product can successfully be generated by expressing at least one suitable antisense RNA, a sense RNA to achieve a cosuppression effect or by expressing at least one suitably constructed ribozyme which specifically cleaves transcripts of the abovementioned gene product.
  • the protein synthesized When expressing nucleic acid molecules in plants, the protein synthesized may be localized in any compartment of the plant cell. However, to achieve localization in a particular compartment, it is possible for example to link the coding region with DNA sequences which guarantee localization in a certain compartment. Sequences of this type are known to the person skilled in the art, (see, for example, Braun et al., EMBO J. 11 (1992), 3219-3227; Wolter et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85 (1988), 846-850; Sonnewald et al., Plant J.1 (1991), 95-106).
  • the transgenic plant cells can be regenerated by known techniques to give intact plants.
  • the transgenic plants can be plants of any desired plant species, i.e. both monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants.
  • the invention also provides a method for controlling unwanted vegetation, preferably on non-crop land or in plantation crops, wherein one or more herbicides of type (A) and one or more herbicides of type (B) are applied to the harmful plants, to parts of plants or plant seeds thereof, or to the area under cultivation.
  • the invention also provides the use of the novel combinations of compounds (A)+(B) for controlling harmful plants, preferably on non-crop land and in plantation crops.
  • the active compound combinations according to the invention can also be present as mixed formulations of the two components, if appropriate with further active compounds, additives and/or customary formulation auxiliaries, which are then applied in a customary manner diluted with water, or are produced as tank mixes by joint dilution of the separately formulated or partially separately formulated components with water.
  • the compounds (A) and (B) or their combinations can be formulated in various ways, depending on the prevailing biological and/or chemico-physical parameters.
  • suitable formulations which are possible are: wettable powders (WP), emulsifiable concentrates (EC), aqueous solutions (SL), emulsions (EW), such as oil-in-water and water-in-oil emulsions, sprayable solutions or emulsions, oil- or water-based dispersions, oil dispersions (OD), suspoemulsions, suspension concentrates (SC), dusts (DP), seed-dressing products, granules for spreading and soil application or water-dispersible granules (WG), ULV formulations, microcapsules and waxes.
  • WP wettable powders
  • EC emulsifiable concentrates
  • SL aqueous solutions
  • EW emulsions
  • OD oil- or water-based dispersions
  • OD oil dispersions
  • the formulation auxiliaries required are likewise known and are described, for example, in: Watkins, “Handbook of Insecticide Dust Diluents and Carriers”, 2nd Ed., Darland Books, Caldwell N.J., H. v. Olphen, “Introduction to Clay Colloid Chemistry”; 2nd Ed., J. Wiley & Sons, N.Y.; Marsden, “Solvents Guide”; 2nd Ed., Interscience, N.Y. 1950; McCutcheon's “Detergents and Emulsifiers Annual”, MC Publ.
  • Wettable powders are preparations which are uniformly dispersible in water and which, in addition to the active compound, also contain ionic and/or nonionic surfactants (wetters, dispersants), for example polyoxyethylated alkylphenols, polyoxyethylated fatty alcohols, polyoxyethylated fatty amines, alkanesulfonates, alkylbenzenesulfonates, sodium lignosulfonate, sodium 2,2′-dinaphthylmethane-6,6′-disulfonate, sodium dibutylnaphthalenesulfonate or else sodium oleoylmethyltaurate, in addition to a diluent or inert substance.
  • ionic and/or nonionic surfactants for example polyoxyethylated alkylphenols, polyoxyethylated fatty alcohols, polyoxyethylated fatty amines, alkanesulfonates, al
  • Emulsifiable concentrates are prepared by dissolving the active compound in an organic solvent, e.g. butanol, cyclohexanone, dimethylformamide, xylene or else higher-boiling aromatics or hydrocarbons with addition of one or more ionic and/or nonionic surfactants (emulsifiers).
  • organic solvent e.g. butanol, cyclohexanone, dimethylformamide, xylene or else higher-boiling aromatics or hydrocarbons with addition of one or more ionic and/or nonionic surfactants (emulsifiers).
  • emulsifiers which can be used are: calcium alkylarylsulfonates such as calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, or nonionic emulsifiers such as fatty acid polyglycol esters, alkylaryl polyglycol ethers, fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers, propylene oxide/ethylene oxide condensates, alkyl polyethers, sorbitan fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters or polyoxyethylene sorbitan esters.
  • calcium alkylarylsulfonates such as calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate
  • nonionic emulsifiers such as fatty acid polyglycol esters, alkylaryl polyglycol ethers, fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers, propylene oxide/ethylene oxide condensates, alkyl polyethers, sorbitan fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters or polyoxy
  • Dusts are obtained by grinding the active compound with finely divided solid materials, for example talc, natural clays such as kaolin, bentonite and pyrophyllite, or diatomaceous earth.
  • finely divided solid materials for example talc, natural clays such as kaolin, bentonite and pyrophyllite, or diatomaceous earth.
  • Granules can be prepared either by spraying the active compound onto adsorptive, granulated inert material or by applying active compound concentrates to the surface of carriers such as sand, kaolinites or granulated inert material with the aid of stickers, for example polyvinyl alcohol, sodium polyacrylate or else mineral oils. Suitable active compounds can also be granulated in the fashion which is conventional for the production of fertilizer granules, if desired as a mixture with fertilizers. Water-dispersible granules are generally prepared by customary methods such as spray drying, fluidized-bed granulation, disk granulation, mixing with high-speed stirrers and extrusion without solid inert material.
  • the agrochemical preparations comprise 0.1 to 99% by weight, in particular 2 to 95% by weight, of active compounds of types A and/or B, the following concentrations being customary depending on the type of formulation.
  • the active compound concentration is, for example, approximately 10 to 95% by weight, the remainder to 100% by weight being composed of customary formulation constituents.
  • the active compound concentration can amount to, for example, 5 to 80% by weight.
  • Formulations in the form of dusts comprise in most cases 5 to 20% by weight of active compound, and sprayable solutions comprise approximately 0.2 to 25% by weight of active compound.
  • the active compound content depends partly on whether the active compound is in liquid or solid form and on the granulation auxiliaries and fillers which are being used. In the case of the water-dispersible granules, the active compound content is generally between 10 and 90% by weight.
  • the active compound formulations mentioned comprise, if appropriate, the auxiliaries which are conventional in each case, such as stickers, wetters, dispersants, emulsifiers, preservatives, antifreeze agents, solvents, fillers, carriers, colorants, antifoams, evaporation inhibitors, and pH and viscosity regulators.
  • auxiliaries which are conventional in each case, such as stickers, wetters, dispersants, emulsifiers, preservatives, antifreeze agents, solvents, fillers, carriers, colorants, antifoams, evaporation inhibitors, and pH and viscosity regulators.
  • the formulations which are present in commercially available form, are optionally diluted in the customary manner, for example using water in the case of wettable powders, emulsifiable concentrates, dispersions and water-dispersible granules.
  • Preparations in the form of dusts, soil granules, granules for broadcasting and sprayable solutions are usually not diluted further with other inert substances prior to use.
  • the active compounds can be applied to the plants, parts of the plants, seeds of the plants or the area under cultivation (soil of a field), preferably to the green plants and parts of the plants and, if appropriate, additionally to the soil of the field.
  • One possible use is the joint application of the active compounds in the form of tank mixes, the concentrated formulations of the individual active compounds, in optical formulations, jointly being mixed with water in the tank and the resulting spray mixture being applied.
  • a joint herbicidal formulation of the combination according to the invention of the active compounds (A) and (B) has the advantage of being easier to apply since the quantities of the components are already presented in the correct ratio to each other. Moreover, the adjuvants in the formulation can be matched optimally to each other, whereas a tank mix of different formulations may result in undesirable combinations of adjuvants.
  • a dust is obtained by mixing 10 parts by weight of an active compound/active compound mixture and 90 parts by weight of talc as inert material and comminuting the mixture in a hammer mill.
  • a wettable powder which is readily dispersible in water is obtained by mixing 25 parts by weight of an active compound/active compound mixture, 64 parts by weight of kaolin-containing quartz as inert material, 10 parts by weight of potassium lignosulfonate and 1 part by weight of sodium oleoylmethyltaurinate as wetter and dispersant, and grinding the mixture in a pinned-disk mill.
  • a dispersion concentrate which is readily dispersible in water is obtained by mixing 20 parts by weight of an active compound/active compound mixture with 6 parts by weight of alkylphenol polyglycol ether (®Triton X 207), 3 parts by weight of isotridecanol polyglycol ether (8 EO) and 71 parts by weight of paraffinic mineral oil (boiling range for example approx. 255 to 277° C.), and grinding the mixture in a ball mill to a fineness of below 5 microns.
  • An emulsifiable concentrate is obtained from 15 parts by weight of an active compound/active compound mixture, 75 parts by weight of cyclohexanone as solvent and 10 parts by weight of oxethylated nonylphenol as emulsifier.
  • Water-dispersible granules are also obtained by homogenizing and precomminuting, in a colloid mill,
  • compositions formulated as concentrated aqueous solutions, wettable powders or emulsion concentrates, are then applied to the surface of the covering soil as an aqueous solution, suspension or emulsion at an application rate of 300 to 800 1 of water/ha (converted) in a variety of dosages.
  • the pots are placed in a greenhouse and kept under good growth conditions for the weeds. Visual scoring of plant or emergence damage is carried out after the test plants have emerged after an experimental period of 3 to 4 weeks in comparison with untreated controls.
  • the compositions according to the invention have an outstanding pre-emergence herbicidal action against a broad spectrum of weed grasses and broad-leaf weeds.
  • compositions according to the invention are placed in sandy loam in pots, covered with soil and grown in the greenhouse under good growth conditions (temperature, atmospheric humidity, water supply). Three weeks after sowing, the test plants are treated in the three-leaf stage with the compositions according to the invention.
  • the compositions according to the invention formulated as wettable powders or emulsion concentrates, are sprayed onto the green plant parts in various dosages using an application rate of 300 to 800 l of water/ha (converted). After the test plants have remained in the greenhouse under optimum growth conditions for about 3 to 4 weeks, the effect of the preparations is scored visually in comparison with untreated controls (scoring as in Example 1).
  • the compositions according to the invention also have good herbicidal post-emergence action against a broad spectrum of economically important weed grasses and broad-leaf weeds.
  • Crop plants were grown in the open on plots under natural outdoor conditions, and seeds or rhizome pieces of typical harmful plants were laid out or the natural weed growth was utilized. Treatment with the compositions according to the invention was carried out after the harmful plants had emerged and the crop plants were, generally, at the 2- to 4-leaf stage; in some cases (as stated), application of individual active compounds or active compound combinations was carried out pre-emergence or as a sequential treatment partly pre-emergence and/or post-emergence.
  • the effect of the preparations was scored visually by comparison with untreated controls (cf. scoring in Example 1).
  • the compositions according to the invention have synergistic herbicidal activity against a broad spectrum of economically important weed grasses and broad-leaf weeds.
  • the comparison showed that the combinations according to the invention in most cases have a higher, in some cases a considerably higher, herbicidal activity than the total of the activities of the individual herbicides, thus indicating synergism.
  • the effects in essential phases of the scoring period were above the expected values according to Colby (cf. scoring in Example 1), also indicating synergism.
  • the crop plants were, as a consequence of the treatments with the herbicidal compositions, damaged only to a small degree, if at all.

Abstract

Herbicide combinations comprising an effective amount of components (A) and (B), where
component (A) is one or more herbicides of the formula (I) or salts thereof,
Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00001
 in which
    • R1 is H or a group of the formula CZ1Z2Z3, where Z1, Z2 and Z3 are as defined in claim 1, R2 and R3 are each H, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, haloalkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkynyl having in each case up to 4 carbon atoms or acyl, R4 is H, (C1-C6)-alkyl or (C1-C6)-alkoxy;
    • R5, R6, R7 and R8 are each H, (C1-C4)-alkyl, (C1-C3)-haloalkyl, halogen, (C1-C3)-alkoxy, (C1-C3)-haloalkoxy or cyano;
    • A is CH2 or O or a direct bond, and component (B) is one or more herbicides from the group of compounds consisting of (B1) soil-acting herbicides particularly suitable for pre-emergence application against monocotyledonous or dicotyledonous harmful plants, (B2) foliar-acting herbicides particularly suitable for post-emergence application against monocotyledonous or dicotyledonous harmful plants, and (B3) soil-acting and foliar-acting herbicides suitable for pre- or post-emergence application against monocotyledonous or dicotyledonous harmful plants, are suitable for controlling harmful plants.

Description

  • The invention is in the technical field of crop protection products which can be used against unwanted vegetation on non-crop land, for preparing seed or in plant crops and which comprise, as herbicidally active compounds, a combination of at least two herbicides, where one herbicide component is selected from the group consisting of certain bicyclically substituted azines.
  • Compounds from the structural class of N-substituted amino-s-triazines having bicyclic radicals on the amino group are known as herbicides (see, for example, WO-A-97/31904 or U.S. Pat. No. 6,069,114). The compounds are effective against a broad spectrum of harmful plants both when applied by the pre-emergence method and when applied by the post-emergence method, a non-selective use for controlling unwanted vegetation or a selective use in plant crops, if appropriate in combination with safeners, being possible.
  • The efficacy of these herbicides against harmful plants is at a high level, but depends in general on the application rate, the formulation in question, the spectrum of harmful plants, the harmful plants to be controlled in each case, the climatic and soil conditions and the like. Another criterion is the duration of action, or the breakdown rate of the herbicide. If appropriate, changes in the sensitivity of harmful plants, which may occur upon prolonged use of the herbicides or within geographic limitations, must also be taken into consideration. The compensation of losses in action in the case of individual harmful plants by increasing the application rates of the herbicides is only possible to a certain degree, for example because such a procedure frequently reduces the selectivity of the herbicides or because the action is not improved, even when applying higher rates. In some cases, the selectivity in crops can be improved by adding safeners. In general, however, there remains a need for methods to achieve the herbicidal action with a lower application rate of active compounds. Not only does a lower application rate reduce the amount of an active compound required for application, but, as a rule, it also reduces the amount of formulation auxiliaries required. It both reduces the economic input and improves the ecological compatibility of the herbicide treatment.
  • One possibility of improving the application profile of a herbicide can consist in combining the active compound with one or more other active compounds which contribute the desired additional properties. However, the combined use of a plurality of active compounds frequently causes phenomena of physical and biological incompatibility, for example a lack of stability in a coformulation, decomposition of an active compound, or antagonism of the active compounds. What is desired are, in contrast, combinations of active compounds having an advantageous activity profile, high stability and, if possible, an unexpected synergistically improved action, which allows the application rate to be reduced in comparison with the individual application of the active compounds to be combined.
  • It is already known that the combination of other herbicides with herbicides from the broadly defined class of the amino-s-triazines which are N-substituted by arylalkyl radicals may result in synergistic effects (see WO-A-00/1 6627). Specific examples of combinations of other herbicides with amino-s-triazines having bicyclic radicals on the amino group are not described in this publication. Owing to the relatively strong differences between the amino-s-triazines having arylalkyl radicals on the amino group on the one hand and having bicyclic radicals on the other hand, where, in addition to the structural changes, differences can also be observed in changed activity characteristics, synergistic effects for the bicyclically substituted compounds, in particular individual stereoisomers thereof, are not to be expected in the same manner.
  • Surprisingly, it has now been found that active compounds of the herbicide type mentioned act in a particularly favorable manner against unwanted vegetation when they are used in combination with certain structurally different herbicides. They are preferably used on non-crop land, plantation crops and crops which are substantially tolerant to the application of the herbicides, if appropriate with added safeners.
  • Accordingly, the invention provides herbicide combinations comprising an effective amount of components (A) and (B) where
  • component (A) is one or more herbicides of the formula (I) or salts thereof
  • [Herbicides (A)]
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00002
      • in which
      • R1 is H or a group of the formula CZ1Z2Z3, where
        • Z1 is H, halogen, (C1-C6)-alkyl, (C1-C6)-haloalkyl, [(C1-C4)-alkoxy]-(C1-C6)-alkyl, (C3-C6)-cycloalkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more radicals selected from the group consisting of halogen, (C1-C4)-alkyl and (C1-C4)-haloalkyl, or is (C2-C6)-alkenyl, (C2-C6)-alkynyl, (C2-C6)-haloalkenyl, (C4-C6)-cycloalkenyl, (C4-C6)-halocycloalkenyl, (C1-C6)-alkoxy or (C1-C6)-haloalkoxy,
        • Z2 is H, halogen, (C1-C6)-alkyl or (C1-C4)-alkoxy; or
        • Z1 and Z2 together with the carbon atom of the group CZ1Z2Z3 are a (C3-C6)-cycloalkyl radical or (C4-C6)-cycloalkenyl radical; where each of the two last-mentioned radicals is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more radicals selected from the group consisting of (C1-C4)-alkyl, and
        • Z3 is H, (C1-C6)-alkyl, (C1-C4)-alkoxy or halogen,
      • R2 and R3 are each independently of one another H, (C1-C4)-alkyl, (C1-C4)-haloalkyl, (C3-C4)-alkenyl, (C3-C4)-haloalkenyl, (C3-C4)-alkynyl, (C3-C4)-haloalkynyl or an acyl radical,
      • R4 is H, (C1-C6)-alkyl or (C1-C6)-alkoxy,
      • R5, R6, R7 and R8 are each independently of one another H, (C1-C4)-alkyl, (C1-C3)-haloalkyl, halogen, (C1-C3)-alkoxy, (C1-C3)-haloalkoxy or cyano and
      • A is a divalent group of the formula CH2 or O or a direct bond, and
  • component (B) is one or more herbicides (B) which are structurally different from the herbicides (A) present in each case, selected from the group of compounds consisting of
      • (B1) soil-acting herbicides particularly suitable for pre-emergence application against monocotyledonous or dicotyledonous harmful plants,
      • (B2) foliar-acting herbicides particularly suitable for post-emergence application against monocotyledonous or dicotyledonous harmful plants, and
      • (B3) soil-acting and foliar-acting herbicides suitable for pre- or post-emergence application against monocotyledonous or dicotyledonous harmful plants.
  • The herbicide combinations according to the invention may comprise further components, for example other active compounds against harmful organisms such as harmful plants, plant-damaging animals or plant-damaging fungi, in particular compounds from the group of the herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, acaricides, nematicides and miticides and related substances, or else crop protection agents of a different type (for example safeners, resistance inductors), plant growth regulators and/or formulation auxiliaries and/or additives customary in crop protection. Here, the components may be formulated (finished formulation) and applied together, or they can be formulated separately and applied together, for example by the tank mix method or in a sequential application.
  • The individual herbicides of the formula (I) present as component (A) are hereinbelow also referred to as compounds (A) or active compounds (A). Correspondingly, the individual herbicides present as component (B) are hereinbelow also referred to as compounds (B) or active compounds (B).
  • The synergistic effects are observed when the active compounds (A) and (B) are applied together; however, they may frequently also occur when the compounds are applied as a split application over time. Another possibility is the application of the herbicides or the herbicide combinations in a plurality of portions (sequential application), for example one or more pre-emergence applications may be followed by a post-emergence application, or an early post-emergence application may be followed by applications at medium or late post-emergence. Preferred is the joint or nearly simultaneous application of the active compounds of the combination in question, if appropriate in a plurality of portions. However, it is also possible to apply the individual active compounds of a combination at different times, which may be advantageous in the individual case. It is also possible to integrate other crop protection agents, such as the active compounds mentioned (fungicides, insecticides, acaricides, etc.) and/or various auxiliaries, adjuvants and/or fertilizer applications with the application of this system.
  • Application by the pre-emergence or post-emergence method is, depending on the context in which the terms are used, to be understood as meaning the application of the active compounds before or after the point in time when the harmful plants become visible above the ground, respectively, or the application of the active compounds against the harmful plants before the emergence of the crop plants and after the emergence of the crop plants, respectively.
  • By applying the herbicides (A) and (B) in combination, it is possible to achieve application properties superior to what might be expected for the combination based on the known properties of the individual herbicides. The synergistic effects permit, for example, a reduction in the application rates of the individual active compounds, a higher efficacy at the same application rate, the control of previously uncontrolled species of harmful plants (gaps), higher residual action, longer long-term action, a more rapid onset of action, an extension of the period of application and/or a reduction of the number of individual applications required and—as a result for the user—weed control systems which are more advantageous economically and ecologically.
  • In formula (I) for compounds of the herbicidally active components (A) and in all subsequent formulae, the following definitions apply:
  • The formula (I) also includes all stereoisomers of the compounds whose specific stereochemical configuration is not expressly expressed by the formula, and mixtures thereof. Such compounds of the formula (I) contain one or more asymmetrical carbon atoms or else double bonds which are not specifically shown in the general formulae (I). The formula (I) embraces all possible stereoisomers defined by their specific spatial form, such as enantiomers, diastereoisomers, Z and E isomers, and these stereoisomers can be obtained by customary methods from mixtures of the stereoisomers or else by stereoselective reactions in combination with the use of stereochemically pure starting materials.
  • By forming an adduct of a suitable inorganic or organic acid, such as, for example, HCl, HBr, H2SO4 or HNO3, or else oxalic acid or sulfonic acids, to a basic group, such as, for example, amino or alkylamino, the compounds of the formula (I) are capable of forming salts. Suitable substituents present in deprotonated form, such as, for example, sulfonic acids or carboxylic acids, can form inner salts with groups which for their part are protonatable, such as amino groups.
  • It is also possible to form salts by replacing the hydrogen of suitable substituents, such as, for example, sulfonic acids or carboxylic acids, by an agriculturally useful cation. These salts are, for example, metal salts, in particular alkali metal salts or alkaline earth metal salts, especially sodium and potassium salts, or else ammonium salts, salts with organic amines or quaternary ammonium salts.
  • The term “(C1-C4)-alkyl” is an abbreviated notation for open-chain alkyl having one to 4 carbon atoms, i.e. it comprises the radicals methyl, ethyl, 1-propyl, 2-propyl, 1-butyl, 2-butyl, 2-methylpropyl or tert-butyl. Correspondingly, general alkyl radicals having a wider stated range of carbon atoms, for example “(C1-C6)-alkyl”, also comprise straight-chain or branched alkyl radicals having a larger number of carbon atoms, i.e., for example, also the alkyl radicals having 5 and 6 carbon atoms.
  • Unless specifically indicated, the lower carbon skeletons, for example those having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or, in the case of unsaturated groups, having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, are preferred for the hydrocarbon radicals, such as alkyl, alkenyl and alkynyl radicals, including in composite radicals. Alkyl radicals, including the composite meanings, such as alkoxy, haloalkyl, etc., are, for example, methyl, ethyl, n- or i-propyl, n-, i-, t- or 2-butyl, pentyls, hexyls, such as n-hexyl, i-hexyl and 1,3-dimethylbutyl, heptyls, such as n-heptyl, 1-methylhexyl and 1,4-dimethylpentyl; alkenyl and alkynyl radicals denote the possible unsaturated radicals which correspond to the meaning of the alkyl radicals; alkenyl is, for example, vinyl, allyl, 1-methyl-2-propenyl, 2-methyl-2-propenyl, 2-butenyl, pentenyl, 2-methylpentenyl or hexenyl, preferably allyl, 1-methylprop-2-en-1-yl, 2-methyl-prop-2-en-1-yl, but-2-en-1-yl, but-3-en-1-yl, 1-methyl-but-3-en-1-yl or 1-methyl-but-2-en-1-yl. (C2-C6)-Alkynyl is, for example, ethynyl, propargyl, 1-methyl-2-propynyl, 2-methyl-2-propynyl, 2-butynyl, 2-pentynyl or 2-hexynyl, preferably propargyl, but-2-yn-1-yl, but-3-yn-1-yl or 1-methyl-but-3-yn-1-yl.
  • Cycloalkyl denotes a carbocyclic saturated ring system having preferably 3-8 carbon atoms, for example cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl.
  • Cycloalkenyl denotes a carbocyclic non-aromatic partially unsaturated ring system having preferably 4-8 carbon atoms, for example 1-cyclobutenyl, 2-cyclobutenyl, 1-cyclopentenyl, 2-cyclopentenyl, 3-cyclopentenyl, or 1-cyclohexenyl, 2-cyclohexenyl, 3-cyclohexenyl, 1,3-cyclohexadienyl or 1,4-cyclohexadienyl.
  • Halogen denotes, for example, fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine. Haloalkyl, -alkenyl and -alkynyl denote alkyl, alkenyl and alkynyl, respectively, which are partially or fully substituted by identical or different halogen atoms, preferably selected from the group consisting of fluorine, chlorine and bromine, in particular from the group consisting of fluorine and chlorine, for example monohaloalkyl, perhaloalkyl, CF3, CHF2, CH2F, CF3CF2, CH2FCHCl, CCl3, CHCl2, CH2CH2Cl; haloalkoxy is, for example, OCF3, OCHF2, OCH2F, CF3CF2O, OCH2CF3 and OCH2CH2Cl; this applies correspondingly to haloalkenyl and other halogen-substituted radicals.
  • In the case of radicals having carbon atoms, preference is given to those having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably 1 or 2 carbon atoms. Preference is generally given to substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, for example fluorine and chlorine, (C1-C4)-alkyl, preferably methyl or ethyl, (C1-C4)-haloalkyl, preferably trifluoromethyl, (C1-C4)-alkoxy, preferably methoxy or ethoxy, (C1-C4)-haloalkoxy, nitro and cyano. Particular preference is given here to the substituents methyl, methoxy, fluorine and chlorine.
  • Acyl denotes a radical of an organic acid which, formally, is formed by removing a hydroxyl group from the acid function, it also being possible for the organic radical in the acid to be attached to the acid function via a heteroatom. Examples of acyl are the radical —CO—R of a carboxylic acid HO—CO—R and radicals of acids derived therefrom, such as thiocarboxylic acid, unsubstituted or N-substituted iminocarboxylic acids or the radical of carbonic acid monoesters, N-substituted carbamic acid, sulfonic acids, sulfinic acids, N-substituted sulfonamido acids, phosphonic acids, phosphinic acids.
  • Acyl denotes, for example, formyl, alkylcarbonyl, such as [(C1-C4)-alkyl]-carbonyl, phenylcarbonyl, alkyloxycarbonyl, phenyloxycarbonyl, benzyloxycarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfinyl, N-alkyl-1-iminoalkyl and other radicals of organic acids. Here, the radicals may in each case be substituted further in the alkyl or phenyl moiety, for example in the alkyl moiety by one or more radicals selected from the group consisting of halogen, alkoxy, phenyl and phenoxy; examples of substituents in the phenyl moiety are the substituents which have already been mentioned further above in a general manner for substituted phenyl.
  • Acyl preferably denotes an acyl radical in the narrower sense, i.e. a radical of an organic acid where the acid group is attached directly to the carbon atom of an organic radical, for example formyl, alkylcarbonyl, such as acetyl or [(C1-C4)-alkyl]carbonyl, phenylcarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfinyl and other radicals of organic acids.
  • If a general radical is designated (defined) as “hydrogen”, this means an attached hydrogen atom.
  • The “yl-position” of a radical (for example of an alkyl radical) denotes its point of attachment.
  • Hereinbelow, compounds of the formula (I) and salts thereof which can be used according to the invention are, in short, also referred to as “compounds (I) according to the invention”.
  • The compounds of the formula (I) are known in principle from WO 97/31904 or can be prepared by the processes described therein. Of particular interest are compounds of the formula (I) or salts thereof in which
  • R1 is H or a group of the formula CZ1Z2Z3 in which
      • Z1 is H, halogen, (C1-C4)-alkyl, (C1-C4)-haloalkyl, [(C1-C4)-alkoxy]-(C1-C6)-alkyl, (C3-C6)-cycloalkyl, which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more radicals selected from the group consisting of (C1-C4)-alkyl, or is (C2-C4)-alkenyl, (C2-C4)-alkynyl, (C1-C4)-alkoxy or (C1-C4)-haloalkoxy;
      • Z2 is H, halogen or (C1-C4)-alkyl, or
      • Z1 and Z2 together with the carbon atom attached to the radicals are a (C3-C6)-cycloalkyl radical and
      • Z3 is H, (C1-C4)-alkyl, (C1-C2)-alkoxy or halogen,
  • R2 is H, (C1-C4)-alkyl, (C1-C4)-haloalkyl, (C3-C4)-alkenyl, (C3-C4)-haloalkenyl, (C3-C4)-alkynyl, (C3-C4)-haloalkynyl or an acyl radical having 1 to 12 carbon atoms (preferably an acyl radical selected from the group consisting of formyl, phenylcarbonyl, phenoxycarbonyl, where phenyl in the two last-mentioned radicals is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more radicals selected from the group consisting of halogen, (C1-C2)-alkyl, (C1-C2)-haloalkyl, (C1-C2)-alkoxy, (C1-C2)-haloalkoxy and nitro, or (C1-C6)-alkyl-carbonyl, (C1-C6)-alkoxy-carbonyl or (C1-C6)-alkyl-sulfonyl),
  • R3 is H, (C1-C4)-alkyl or (C1-C4)-haloalkyl,
  • R4 is H, (C1-C3)-alkyl or (C1-C3)-alkoxy,
  • R5, R6, R7 and R8 are each independently of one another H, (C1-C3)-alkyl, halogen, (C1-C3)-alkoxy, and
  • A is a divalent group of the formula CH2 or O or a direct bond, preferably CH2 or a direct bond, in particular a direct bond.
  • Preference is given to optically active compounds of the formula (I) and salts thereof in which the stereochemical configuration at the carbon atom marked 1 in formula (I) is the (R)-configuration with a stereochemical purity of 60 to 100% (R), preferably 70-100% (R), in particular 80 to 100% (R), in each case based on the content of stereoisomers having (R)- and (S)-configuration in this position. The configuration is assumed to have been determined using the Cahn/Ingold/Prelog system, the priority of the substituents in position 1 being as follows:
  • 1. priority is given to substituted NH; 2. priority is given to the bond to the phenyl ring; 3. priority is given to the other carbon ring atom, 4. priority is given to the hydrogen atom.
  • Preference is furthermore given to optically active compounds of the formula (I) and salts thereof in which R1 is a group of the formula CZ1Z2Z3, where CZ1Z2Z3 is defined as above, in particular to those compounds in which the stereochemical configuration at the carbon atom of the group CZ1Z2Z3 is the (R,S)-configuration or the (R)-configuration with a stereochemical purity of 60 to 100% (R), preferably 70-100% (R), in particular 80 to 100% (R), in each case based on the content of stereoisomers having (R)- and (S)-configuration in this position.
  • Suitable combination partners (A) are, for example, certain compounds of the formula (I) from Table 1 below.
  • Notes for Table 1:
  • In Table 1, the compounds are designated by the chemical formula of the main component, this component being present in a chemical purity of at least 95% by weight of the compound. It is, of course, also possible to use the compounds in lower purities. In particular if minor components of the compounds consist predominantly or entirely of active stereoisomers of the respective compounds (A), similar efficacies are achieved during application. Accordingly, preferred herbicides (A) are also mixtures of two or more compounds (A) from Table 1. For reasons of easier preparability, in practice, preference is especially also given to herbicides (A) comprising, as main component, a compound (A) from Table 1 and, as minor components, stereoisomers of the compound (A), preferably those which are also mentioned in Table 1.
  • If, in the chemical formula in question in Table 1, the stereochemical orientation at a carbon atom is given and the stereochemical orientation is additionally assigned using the system of Cahn, Ingold and Prelog, the main component of the compound is a stereoisomer or a stereoisomer mixture which has the R- or S-configuration at the carbon atom referred to; the compound (A) is thus optically active.
  • If the stereochemistry is not assigned by an R- or S-configuration, the main component is a compound which, at the carbon atom in question, has the RS-configuration (racemic).
  • If a plurality of stereocenters are present and the configuration is in each case assigned by R or S, these are optically active compounds having the stereochemistry mentioned at the centers referred to.
  • If, in the case of a plurality of centers, no R- or S-configuration is assigned, the compounds are racemic mixtures, i.e. the non-chiral stereoisomers contained therein (enantiomers of a pair of enantiomers) are present in the mixture in identical proportions. Unless indicated in more detail, in Table 1, in the case of racemic compounds (A) having a plurality of stereocenters, the diastereoisomeric components are present in approximately identical proportions. However, for practical application, in the case of racemic compounds having a plurality of stereocenters, mixtures of diastereomers (in each case in racemic form) having different proportions of the diastereomeric components are possible.
  • In the bicyclic radical, the carbon atom which is attached to the amino group is carbon atom 1. In the side group (unless the radical is H) the carbon atom attached directly to the triazine ring is referred to as 1*.
    TABLE 1
    Compounds of the formula (I) (herbicide (A)):
    Compound
    No. Chemical formula or chemical name
    A1
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00003
    A2
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00004
    A3
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00005
    A4
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00006
    A5
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00007
    A6
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00008
    A7
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00009
    A8
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00010
    A9
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00011
    A10
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00012
    A11
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00013
    A12
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00014
    A13
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00015
    A14
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00016
    A15
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00017
    A16
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00018
    A17
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00019
    A18
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00020
    A19
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00021
    A20
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00022
    A21
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00023
    A22
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00024
    A23
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00025
    A24
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00026
    A25
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00027
    A26
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00028
    A27
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00029
    A28
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00030
    A29
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00031
    A30
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00032
    A31
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00033
    A32
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00034
    A33
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00035
    A34
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00036
    A35
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00037
    A36
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00038
    A37
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00039
    A38
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00040
    A39
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00041
    A40
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00042
    A41
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00043
    A42
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00044
    A43
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00045
    A44
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00046
    A45
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00047
    A46
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00048
    A47
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00049
    A48
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00050
    A49
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00051
    A50
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00052
    A51
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00053
    A52
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00054
    A53
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00055
    A54
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00056
    A55
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00057
    A56
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00058
    A57
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00059
    A58
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00060
    A59
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00061
    A60
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00062
    A61
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00063
    A62
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00064
    A63
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00065
    A64
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00066
    A65
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00067
    A66
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00068
    A67
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00069
    A68
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00070
    A69
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00071
    A70
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00072
    A71
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00073
    A72
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00074
    A73
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00075
    A74
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00076
    A75
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00077
    A76
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00078
    A77
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00079
    A78
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00080
    A79
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00081
    A80
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00082
    A81
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00083
    A82
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00084
    A83
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00085
    A84
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00086
    A85
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00087
    A86
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00088
    A87
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00089
    A88
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00090
    A89
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00091
    A90
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00092
    A91
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00093
    A92
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00094
    A93
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00095
    A94
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00096
    A95
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00097
    A96
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00098
    A97
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00099
    A98
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00100
    A99
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00101
    A100
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00102
    A101
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00103
    A102
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00104
    A103
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00105
    A104
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00106
    A105
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00107
    A106
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00108
    A107
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00109
    A108
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00110
    A109
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00111
    A110
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00112
    A111
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00113
    A112
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00114
    A113
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00115
    A114
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00116
    A115
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00117
    A116
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00118
    A117
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00119
    A118
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00120
    A119
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00121
    A120
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00122
    A121
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00123
    A122
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00124
    A123
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00125
    A124
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00126
    A125
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00127
    A126
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00128
    A127
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00129
  • The application rates of the herbicides (A) are known in principle and are in the range from 0.5 to 2000 g of active compound per hectare, preferably from 1 to 800 g of active compound per hectare, in particular from 5 to 500 g of active compound per hectare. In the combinations according to the invention, in the context of the application rates mentioned, lower application rates of the active compound in question are required compared to the application on its own.
  • Suitable combination partners (B) [=component (B)] are, for example, the following compounds, differing from compounds (A), of subgroups (B1) to (B3), where the herbicides are in most cases referred to by the “common name” according to the literature reference “The Pesticide Manual” 13th Ed., British Crop Protection Council 2003, abbreviated as “PM”:
  • (B1) soil-acting herbicides which are particularly suitable for pre-emergence application against monocotyledonous or dicotyledonous harmful plants, for example one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of
  • (B1.1) soil-acting herbicides which are particularly suitable for pre-emergence application against monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous harmful plants, for example one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of
      • (B1.1.1) tebuthiuron (PM, pp. 929-930), i. e. 1-(5-tert-butyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-1,3-dimethylurea,
      • (B1.1.2) sulfometuron(-methyl) (PM, pp. 929-930), i. e. methyl 2-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl-carbamoylsulfamoyl)benzoate,
      • (B1.1.3) flumioxazine (PM, pp. 461-462), i. e. 2-(7-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-3-oxo4-prop-2-ynyl-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-6-yl)4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione
      • (B1.1.4) simazine (PM, pp. 891-892), i. e. 6-chloro-N,N/-diethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine,
      • (B1.1.5) dichlobenil (PM, pp. 281-282), i. e. 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile,
      • (B1.1.6) trifluralin (PM, pp.1012-1014), i. e. α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine,
      • (B1.1.7) pendimethalin (PM, pp. 752-753), i. e. N-(1-ethylpropyl)-2,6-dinitro-3,4-xylidine,
      • (B.1.8) oxadiargyl (PM, pp. 725-726), i. e. 5-tert-butyl-3-[2,4-dichloro-5-(prop-2-ynyloxy)phenyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2(3H)-one,
      • (B1.1.9) thiazopyr (PM, pp. 961-962), i. e. methyl 2-difluoromethyl-5-(4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)-4-isobutyl-6-trifluoromethyinicotinate,
      • (B1.1.10) oryzalin (PM, pp. 723-724), i. e. 4-(dipropylamino)-3,5-dinitrobenzenesulfonamide,
      • (B1.1.11) propyzamide (PM, pp. 833-834), i. e. 3,5-dichloro-N-(1,1-dimethylpropynyl)benzamide,
      • (B1.1.12) terbacil (PM, pp. 937-938), i. e. 3-tert-butyl-5-chloro-6-methyluracil, and
      • (B1.2) soil-acting herbicides which are particularly suitable for pre-emergence application against dicotyledonous harmful plants,
  • for example one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of
      • (B1.2.1) isoxaben (PM, pp. 587-588), i. e. N-[3-(1-ethyl-1-methylpropyl)isoxazol-5-yl]-2,6-dimethoxybenzamide and
      • (B1.2.2) flazasulfuron (PM, pp. 437-438), i. e. 1-(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)-3-(3-trifluoromethyl-2-pyridylsulfonyl)urea,
        and
  • (B2) foliar-acting herbicides which are particularly suitable for post-emergence application against monocotyledonous or dicotyledonous harmful plants, for example one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of
  • (B2.1) foliar-acting herbicides which are particularly suitable for post-emergence application against monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous harmful plants,
  • for example one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of
      • (B2.1.1) glufosinate (PM, pp. 511-512), i. e. 4-[hydroxy(methyl)phosphinoyl]-DL-homoalanine and its salts, preferably the ammonium salt (B2.1.1.1), the sodium salt (B2.1.1.2), and the active L-isomer and its salts (B2.1.1.3) and the tripeptide bilanafos and its salts (B2.1.1.4), i. e. 4-[hydroxy-(methyl)phosphinoyl]-L-homoalanyl-L-alanyl-L-alanine and its salts,
      • (B2.1.2) glyphosate (PM, pp. 513-516), i. e. N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine and its salts, preferably the isopropylammonium salt (B2.1.2.1), the sodium salt (B2.1.2.2), the ammonium salt (B2.1.2.3) and the trimesium salt (B2.1.3)=sulfosate (see below),
      • (B2.1.3) sulfosate (PM, pp. 513-516), i.e. N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine trimesium salt (cf. glyphosate),
      • (B2.1.4) methylarsonic acid and its salts (PM, pp. 656-658), such as the monosodium salt (B2.1.4.1)=MSMA (sodium hydrogen methylarsonate), but also other salts, such as the calcium hydrogen methylarsonate (B2.1.4.2), the disodium salt (DSMA) (B2.1.4.3), the monoammonium salt (MAMA) (B2.1.4.4), the calcium bis(hydrogen methylarsonate) (CMA) (B2.1.4.5);
      • (B2.1.5) foramsulfuron (PM, pp. 494-495), i. e. 1-(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)-3-[2-(dimethylcarbamoyl)-5-formamidophenylsulfonyl]urea,
      • (B2.1.6) iodosulfuron and its esters and salts (PM, pp. 573-574), i. e. 4-iodo-2-[3-(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)ureidosulfonyl]benzoic acid and its esters and salts, preferably the methyl ester iodosulfuron-methyl and its salts (B2.1.6.1), and from among these in particular the sodium salt iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium (B2.1.6.2)
      • (B2.1.7) amicarbazone (PM, pp. 26-27), i. e. 4-amino-N-tert-butyl-4,5-dihydro-3-isopropyl-5-oxo-1,2,4-1H-triazole-1-carboxamide,
      • (B2.1.8) propoxycarbazone and its salts (PM, pp. 831-832), i. e. (4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-5-oxo-3-propoxy-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylcarbonyl)(2-methoxycarbonylphenylsulfonyl)azanide and its salts, preferably its sodium salt (B2.1.8.1),
      • (B2.1.9) metribuzin (PM, pp. 675-676), i. e. 4-amino-6-tert-butyl-4,5-dihydro-3-methylthio-1,2,4-triazin-5-one;
      • (B2.1.10) metsulfuron and its esters and salts (PM, pp. 677-678), i. e. 2-(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-ylcarbamoylsulfamoyl)benzoic acid, preferably its methyl ester metsulfuron-methyl (B2.1.10.1),
      • (B2.1.11) naproanilide (PM, pp. 695-697), i. e. 2-(2-naphthyloxy)-N-phenylpropionamide,
      • (B2.1.12) imazapyr and its salts (PM, pp. 555-556), i. e. 2-(4-isopropyl-4-methyl-5-oxo-2-imidazolin-2-yl)nicotinic acid and its salts, preferably the free acid (B2.1.12.1) and its isopropylammonium salt (B2.1.12.2),
      • (B2.1.13) paraquat salts (PM, pp. 742-743), i. e. 1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridylium salts, preferably the dichloride paraquat dichloride (B2.1.13.1),
      • (B2.1.14) diquat salts (PM, pp. 341-342), i. e. 1,1′-ethylene-2,2′-bipyridyidiylium salts, preferably the dibromide diquat dibromide (B2.1.14.1),
        and
  • (B2.2) foliar-acting herbicides which are particularly suitable for the post-emergence application against dicotyledonous harmful plants, for example one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of
      • (B2.2.1) 2,4-D and its esters and salts (PM, pp. 254-258), i. e. 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and its esters and salts,
      • (B2.2.2) dicamba and its salts (PM, pp. 278-280), i. e. 3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid and its salts,
      • (B2.2.3) triclopyr and its salts and esters (PM, pp.1001-1002), i. e. 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyloxyacetic acid and its salts and esters, such as, for example, the free acid (B2.2.3.1), the triethylammonium salt (B2.2.3.2) and the butotyl ester (butylethyl ester) (B2.2.3.3),
      • (B2.2.4) diflufenzopyr and its salts and esters (PM, pp. 311-312), i.e. 2-{1-[4-(3,5-difluorophenyl)semicarbazono]ethyl}nicotinic acid and its salts and esters, such as, for example, the free acid (B2.2.4.1) and the sodium salt (B2.2.4.2),
      • (B2.2.5) fluroxypyr and its salts and esters (PM, pp. 478-481), i. e. 4-amino-3,5-dichloro-6-fluoro-2-pyridyloxyacetic acid and its salts and esters, such as, for example, the free acid (B2.2.5.1), the 2-butoxy-1-methylethyl ester (B2.2.5.2) and the meptyl ester (=1-methylheptyl ester) (B2.2.5.3), (B2.2.6) thifensulfuron-methyl (PM, pp. 963-965), i. e. methyl 3-(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-ylcarbamoylsulfamoyl)thiophene-2-carboxylate, and also the free acid thifensulfuron (B2.2.6.1),
      • (B2.2.7) amidosulfuron (PM, pp. 27-28), i. e. 1-(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)-3-mesyl(methyl)sulfamoylurea and its salts,
      • (B2.2.8) tribenuron and its esters and salts (PM, pp. 996-998), i. e. 2-[4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl(methyl)carbamoylsulfamoyl]benzoic acid and its esters and salts, preferably the methyl ester tribenuron-methyl (B2.2.8.1),
      • (B2.2.9) triasulfuron (PM, pp. 990-991), i. e. 1-[2-(2-chloroethoxy)phenylsulfonyl]-3-(4-methoxy-6-methyl- 1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)urea,
      • (B2.2.10) picloram and its esters and salts (PM, pp. 782-785), i. e. 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropyridine-2-carboxylic acid (=4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid) and its esters and salts, preferably the free acid (B2.2.10.1), its potassium salt (B2.2.10.2), its dimethylammonium salt (B2.2.10.3), its tris(2-hydroxypropyl)ammonium salt (B2.2.10.4), its tris(2-hydroxyethyl)-ammonium salt (B2.2.10.5) and its isooctyl ester (B2.2.10.6),
      • (B2.2.1 1) carfentrazone and its esters and salts (PM, pp. 143-144), i. e. (RS)-2-chloro-3-[2-chloro-5-(4-difluoromethyl-4,5-dihydro-3-methyl-5-oxo-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-4-fluorophenyl]propionic acid and its esters and salts, preferably its ethyl ester carfentrazone-ethyl (B2.2.11.1),
      • (B2.2.12) clopyralid and its esters and salts (PM, pp. 194-195), i. e. 3,6-dichloropyridine-2-carboxylic acid and its esters and salts, preferably the free acid (B2.2.12.1) and the ethanolamine ester clopyralid-olamine (B2.2.12.2),
      • (B2.2.13) butafenacil (PM, pp. 120-121), i. e. 1-(allyloxycarbonyl)-1-methylethyl 2-chloro-5-[1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-3-methyl-2,6-dioxo4-(trifluoromethyl)-pyrimidin-1-yl]-benzoate,
      • (B2.2.14) amitrole (PM, pp. 30-32), i. e. 1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-ylamine, and
  • (B2.3) foliar-acting herbicides which are particularly suitable for post-emergence application against monocotyledonous harmful plants,
  • for example the compound
      • (B2.3.1) quinclorac (PM, pp. 869-870), i. e. 3,7-dichloroquinoline-8-carboxylic acid,
        and
  • (B3) soil- and foliar-acting herbicides which are suitable for pre- or post-emergence application against monocotyledonous or dicotyledonous harmful plants, for example one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of
  • (B3.1) soil- and foliar-acting herbicides which are particularly suitable for post-emergence application against monocotyledonous or dicotyledonous harmful plants, for example one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of
      • (B3.1.1) oxyfluorfen (PM, pp. 738-739) (=2-chloro-1-(3-ethoxy-4-nitrophenoxy)-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene),
      • (B3.1.2) diuron (PM, pp. 347-348), i. e. 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea,
      • (B3.1.3) bromacil (PM, pp.106-107), i. e. 5-bromo-3-sec-butyl-6-methyluracil,
      • (B3.1.4) norflurazon (PM, pp. 869-870), i. e. 4-chloro-5-methylamino-2-(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl)pyridazin-3(2H)-one,
      • (B3.1.5) azafenidin (PM, pp. 1043), i. e. 2-(2,4-dichloro-5-prop-2-ynyloxyphenyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-3(2H)-one,
      • (B3.1.6) chlorsulfuron (PM, pp. 176-177), i. e. 1-(2-chlorophenylsulfonyl)-3-(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)urea,
      • (B3.1.7) imazapic (PM, pp. 554-555), i. e. (RS)-2-(4-isopropyl-4-methyl-5-oxo-2-imidazolin-2-yl)-5-methylnicotinic acid,
      • (B3.1.8) oxadiazon (PM, pp. 727-728), i. e. 5-tert-butyl-3-(2,4-dichloro-5-isopropoxyphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2(3H)-one,
      • (B3.1.9) diflufenican (PM, pp.427-311), i. e. 2′,4′-difluoro-2-(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyloxy)nicotinanilide,
      • (B3.1.10) ametryn (PM, pp. 25-26), N2-ethyl-N4-isopropyl-6-methylthio-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine,
      • (B3.1.11) rimsulfuron (PM, pp. 881-882), 1-(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)-3-(3-ethylsulfonyl-2-pyridylsulfonyl)urea, and its salts,
      • (B3.1.12) trifloxysulfuron (PM, pp. 1008-1009), 1-(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)-3-[3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-2-pyridylsulfonyl]urea, and its salts, preferably its sodium salt (B3.1.12.1),
      • (B3.1.13) nicosulfuron (PM, pp. 702-703), 1-(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)-3-(3-dimethylcarbamoyl-2-pyridylsulfonyl)urea, and its salts,
      • (B3.1.14) asulam and its salts (PM, pp. 38-39), preferably asulam, i. e. methyl sulfanilylcarbamate (B3.1.14.1) and its sodium salt (B3.1.14.2),
      • (B3.1.15) isoxaflutole (PM, pp. 589-590), (5-cyclopropyl-4-isoxazolyl)-[2-(methylsulfonyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methanone,
        and
  • (B3.2) soil- and foliar-acting herbicides which are particularly suitable for the post-emergence application against dicotyledonous harmful plants,
  • for example one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of
      • (B3.2.1) hexazinone (PM, pp. 539-540), i. e. 3-cyclohexyl-6-dimethylamino-1-methyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-(1H,3H)-dione,
      • (B3.2.2) sulfentrazone (PM, pp. 910-911), i. e. 2′,4′-dichloro-5′-(4-difluoromethyl-4,5-dihydro-3-methyl-5-oxo-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methanesulfonanilide,
      • (B3.2.3) prometon (PM, pp. 810-811), i. e. N2,N4-di-isopropyl-6-methoxy-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine.
  • From the combinations defined above, preference is given to those which comprise a herbicide from group (A) and a herbicide from group (B). Furthermore, the combinations according to the invention may be used together with other active compounds, such as the active compounds mentioned (herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, acaricides, etc.) and/or plant growth regulators or auxiliaries from the group of the formulation auxiliaries and additives customary in crop protection.
  • Accordingly, the invention also provides the herbicidal compositions which comprise the active compound combinations according to the invention together with formulation auxiliaries, if appropriate further additives and if appropriate further crop protection agents.
  • The invention also provides the use or the application method where the active compound combinations according to the invention are used as herbicides and plant growth regulators, preferably as herbicides and plant growth regulators comprising a synergistically effective amount of the respective active compound combination contained therein.
  • Below, specific herbicide combinations (Aa)+(Bb) are referred to by the term Ka.b, where a is the respective code from the number of the herbicide (A) from Table 1 [codes 1 to 127 of the compounds (A1) to (A127)] and b is the respective code of the herbicide component (B) according to Table 2 below [codes 1 to 103 of the compounds (B1.1.1) to (B3.2.3)]:
    TABLE 2
    Codes for the herbicide component B (see subtables 2a to 2i)
    Table 2a
    Code Component B
    1 (B1.1.1)
    2 (B1.1.2)
    3 (B1.1.3)
    4 (B1.1.4)
    5 (B1.1.5)
    Table 2b
    Code Component B
    6 (B1.1.6)
    7 (B1.1.7)
    8 (B1.1.8)
    9 (B1.1.9)
    10 (B1.1.10)
    Table 2c
    Code Component B
    11 (B1.1.11)
    12 (B1.1.12)
    13 (B1.2.1)
    14 (B1.2.2)
    Table 2d
    Code Component B
    15 (B2.1.1)
    16 (B2.1.1.1)
    17 (B2.1.1.2)
    18 (B2.1.1.3)
    19 (B2.1.1.4)
    20 (B2.1.2)
    21 (B2.1.2.1)
    22 (B2.1.2.2)
    23 (B2.1.2.3)
    24 (B2.1.3)
    25 (B2.1.4)
    26 (B2.1.4.1)
    27 (B2.1.4.2)
    28 (B2.1.4.3)
    29 (B2.1.4.4)
    30 (B2.1.4.5)
    31 (B2.1.5)
    32 (B2.1.6)
    33 (B2.1.6.1)
    34 (B2.1.6.2)
    35 (B2.1.7)
    36 (B2.1.8)
    37 (B2.1.8.1)
    38 (B2.1.9)
    Table 2e
    Code Component B
    39 (B2.1.10)
    40 (B2.1.10.1)
    41 (B2.1.11)
    42 (B2.1.12)
    43 (B2.1.12.1)
    44 (B2.1.12.2)
    45 (B2.1.13)
    46 (B2.1.13.1)
    47 (B2.1.14)
    48 (B2.1.14.1)
    49 (B2.2.1)
    50 (B2.2.2)
    51 (B2.2.3)
    52 (B2.2.3.1)
    53 (B2.2.3.2)
    54 (B2.2.3.3)
    55 (B2.2.4)
    56 (B2.2.4.1)
    57 (B2.2.4.2)
    58 (B2.2.5)
    59 (B2.2.5.1)
    60 (B2.2.5.2)
    61 (B2.2.5.3)
    62 (B2.2.6)
    Table 2f
    Code Component B
    63 (B2.2.6.1)
    64 (B2.2.7)
    65 (B2.2.8)
    66 (B2.2.8.1)
    67 (B2.2.9)
    68 (B2.2.10)
    69 (B2.2.10.1)
    70 (B2.2.10.2)
    71 (B2.2.10.3)
    72 (B2.2.10.4)
    73 (B2.2.10.5)
    74 (B2.2.10.6)
    75 (B2.2.11)
    76 (B2.2.11.1)
    77 (B2.2.12)
    78 (B2.2.12.1)
    79 (B2.2.12.2)
    80 (B2.2.13)
    81 (B2.2.14)
    82 (B2.3.1)
    Table 2g
    Code Component B
    83 (B3.1.1)
    84 (B3.1.2)
    85 (B3.1.3)
    86 (B3.1.4)
    87 (B3.1.5)
    88 (B3.1.6)
    89 (B3.1.7)
    90 (B3.1.8)
    91 (B3.1.9)
    Table 2h
    Code Component B
    92 (B3.1.10)
    93 (B3.1.11)
    94 (B3.1.12)
    95 (B3.1.12.1)
    96 (B3.1.13)
    97 (B3.1.14)
    98 (B3.1.14.1)
    99 (B3.1.14.2)
    100 (B3.1.15)
    Table 2i
    Code Component B
    101 (B3.2.1)
    102 (B3.2.2)
    103 (B3.2.3)
    • EXAMPLE
  • Thus, in the short annotation, a combination of the herbicides (A5) and (B2.1.2.3) is referred to as K5.23.
  • Examples of preferred combinations are:
  • A herbicide from the group of the herbicides (A1) to (A127) and herbicides from the group (B1) or (B2) or (B3), for example a herbicide from the group of the herbicides (A1) to (A127) and herbicides from the group (B1.1), (B1.2), (B2.1), (B2.2), (B2.3), (B3.1) or (B3.2), specifically one of the combinations K1.1, K1.2, K1.3, K1.4, K1.5, K1.6, K1.7, K1.8, K1.9, K1.10, K1.11, K1.12, K1.13, K1.14, K1.15, K1.16, K1.17, K1.18, K1.19, K1.20, K1.21, K1.22, K1.23, K1.24, K1.25, K1.26, K1.27, K1.28, K1.29, K1.30, K1.31, K1.32, K1.33, K1.34, K1.35, K1.36, K1.37, K1.38, K1.39, K1.40, K1.41, K1.42, K1.43, K1.44, K1.45, K1.46, K1.47, K1.48, K1.49, K1.50, K1.51, K1.52, K1.53, K1.54, K1.55, K1.56, K1.57, K1.58, K1.59, K1.60, K1.61, K1.62, K1.63, K1.64, K1.65, K1.66, K1.67, K1.68, K1.69, K1.70, K1.71, K1.72, K1.73, K1.74, K1.75, K1.76, K1.77, K1.78, K1.79, K1.80, K1.81, K1.82, K1.83, K1.84, K1.85, K1.86, K1.87, K1.88, K1.89, K1.90, K1.91, K1.92, K1.93, K1.94, K1.95, K1.96, K1.97, K1.98, K1.99, K1.100, K1.101, K1.102, K1.103, K2.1, K2.2, K2.3, K2.4, K2.5, K2.6, K2.7, K2.8, K2.9, K2.10, K2.11, K2.12, K2.13, K2.14, K2.15,K2.16, K2.17, K2.18, K2.19, K2.20, K2.21, K2.22, K2.23, K2.24, K2.25, K2.26, K2.27, K2.28, K2.29, K2.30, K2.31, K2.32, K2.33, K2.34, K2.35, K2.36, K2.37, K2.38, K2.39, K2.40, K2.41, K2.42, K2.43, K2.44, K2.45, K2.46, K2.47, K2.48, K2.49, K2.50, K2.51, K2.52, K2.53, K2.54, K2.55, K2.56, K2.57, K2.58, K2.59, K2.60, K2.61, K2.62, K2.63, K2.64, K2.65, K2.66, K2.67, K2.68, K2.69, K2.70, K2.71, K2.72, K2.73, K2.74, K2.75, K2.76, K2.77, K2.78, K2.79, K2.80, K2.81, K2.82, K2.83, K2.84, K2.85, K2.86, K2.87, K2.88, K2.89, K2.90, K2.91, K2.92, K2.93, K2.94, K2.95, K2.96, K2.97, K2.98, K2.99, K2.100, K2.101, K2.102, K2.103, K3.1, K3.2, K3.3, K3.4, K3.5, K3.6, K3.7, K3.8, K3.9, K3.10, K3.11, K3.12, K3.13, K3.14, K3.15, K3.16, K3.17, K3.18, K3.19, K3.20, K3.21, K3.22, K3.23, K3.24, K3.25, K3.26, K3.27, K3.28, K3.29, K3.30, K3.31, K3.32, K3.33, K3.34, K3.35, K3.36, K3.37, K3.38, K3.39, K3.40, K3.41, K3.42, K3.43, K3.44, K3.45, K3.46, K3.47, K3.48, K3.49, K3.50, K3.51, K3.52, K3.53, K3.54, K3.55, K3.56, K3.57, K3.58, K3.59, K3.60, K3.61, K3.62, K3.63, K3.64, K3.65, K3.66, K3.67, K3.68, K3.69, K3.70, K3.71, K3.72, K3.73, K3.74, K3.75, K3.76, K3.77, K3.78, K3.79, K3.80, K3.81, K3.82, K3.83, K3.84, K3.85, K3.86, K3.87, K3.88, K3.89, K3.90, K3.91, K3.92, K3.93, K3.94, K3.95, K3.96, K3.97, K3.98, K3.99, K3.100, K3.101, K3.102, K3.103, K4.1, K4.2, K4.3, K4.4, K4.5, K4.6, K4.7, K4.8, K4.9, K4.10, K4.11, K4.12, K4.13, K4.14, K4.15, K4.16, K4.17, K4.18, K4.19, K4.20, K4.21, K4.22, K4.23, K4.24, K4.25, K4.26, K4.27, K4.28, K4.29, K4.30, K4.31, K4.32, K4.33, K4.34, K4.35, K4.36, K4.37, K4.38, K4.39, K4.40, K4.41, K4.42, K4.43, K4.44, K4.45, K4.46, K4.47, K4.48, K4.49, K4.50, K4.51, K4.52, K4.53, K4.54, K4.55, K4.56, K4.57, K4.58, K4.59, K4.60, K4.61, K4.62, K4.63, K4.64, K4.65, K4.66, K4.67, K4.68, K4.69, K4.70, K4.71, K4.72, K4.73, K4.74, K4.75, K4.76, K4.77, 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K97.80, K97.81, K97.82, K97.83, K97.84, K97.85, K97.86, K97.87, K97.88, K97.89, K97.90, K97.91, K97.92, K97.93, K97.94, K97.95, K97.96, K97.97, K97.98, K97.99, K97.100, K97.101, K97.102, K97.103, K98.1, K98.2, K98.3, K98.4, K98.5, K98.6, K98.7, K98.8, K98.9, K98.10, K98.11, K98.12, K98.13, K98.14, K98.15, K98.16, K98.17, K98.18, K98.19, K98.20, K98.21, K98.22, K98.23, K98.24, K98.25, K98.26, K98.27, K98.28, K98.29, K98.30, K98.31, K98.32, K98.33, K98.34, K98.35, K98.36, K98.37, K98.38, K98.39, K98.40, K98.41, K98.42, K98.43, K98.44, K98.45, K98.46, K98.47, K98.48, K98.49, K98.50, K98.51, K98.52, K98.53, K98.54, K98.55, K98.56, K98.57, K98.58, K98.59, K98.60, K98.61, K98.62, K98.63, K98.64, K98.65, K98.66, K98.67, K98.68, K98.69, K98.70, K98.71, K98.72, K98.73, K98.74, K98.75, K98.76, K98.77, K98.78, K98.79, K98.80, K98.81, K98.82, K98.83, K98.84, K98.85, K98.86, K98.87, K98.88, K98.89, K98.90, K98.91, K98.92, K98.93, K98.94, K98.95, K98.96, K98.97, K98.98, K98.99, K98.100, K98.101, K98.102, K98.103, K99.1, K99.2, K99.3, K99.4, K99.5, K99.6, K99.7, K99.8, K99.9, K99.10, K99.11, K99.12, K99.13, K99.14, K99.15, K99.16, K99.17, K99.18, K99.19, K99.20, K99.21, K99.22, K99.23, K99.24, K99.25, K99.26, K99.27, K99.28, K99.29, K99.30, K99.31, K99.32, K99.33, K99.34, K99.35, K99.36, K99.37, K99.38, K99.39, K99.40, K99.41, K99.42, K99.43, K99.44, K99.45, K99.46, K99.47, K99.48, K99.49, K99.50, K99.51, K99.52; K99.53, K99.54, K99.55, K99.56, K99.57, K99.58, K99.59, K99.60, K99.61, K99.62, K99.63, K99.64, K99.65, K99.66, K99.67, K99.68, K99.69, K99.70, K99.71, K99.72, K99.73, K99.74, K99.75, K99.76, K99.77, K99.78, K99.79, K99.80, K99.81, K99.82, K99.83, K99.84, K99.85, K99.86, K99.87, K99.88, K99.89, K99.90, K99.91, K99.92, K99.93, K99.94, K99.95, K99.96, K99.97, K99.98, K99.99, K99.100, K99.101, K99.102, K99.103, K100.1, K100.2, K100.3, K100.4, K100.5, K100.6, K100.7, K100.8, K100.9, K100.10, K100.11, K100.12, K100.13, K100.14, K100.15, K100.16, K100.17, K100.18, K100.19, K100.20, K100.21, K100.22, K100.23, K100.24, K100.25, K100.26, K100.27, K100.28, K100.29, K100.30, K100.31, K100.32, K100.33, K100.34, K100.35, K100.36, K100.37, K100.38, K100.39, K100.40, K100.41, K100.42, K100.43, K100.44, K100.45, K100.46, K100.47, K100.48, K100.49, K100.50, K100.51, K100.52, K100.53, K100.54, K100.55, K100.56, K100.57, K100.58, K100.59, K100.60, K100.61, K100.62, K100.63, K100.64, K100.65, K100.66, K100.67, K100.68, K100.69, K100.70, K100.71, K100.72, K100.73, K100.74, K100.75, K100.76, K100.77, K100.78, K100.79, K100.80, K100.81, K100.82, K100.83, K100.84, K100.85, K100.86, K100.87, K100.88, K100.89, K100.90, K100.91, K100.92, K100.93, K100.94, K100.95, K100.96, K100.97, K100.98, K100.99, K100.100, K100.101, K100.102, K100.103, K101.1, K101.2, K101.3, K101.4, K101.5, K101.6, K101.7, K101.8, K101.9, K101.10, K101.11, K101.12, K101.13, K101.14, K101.15, K101.16, K101.17, K101.18, K101.19, K101.20, K101.21, K101.22, K101.23, K101.24, K101.25, K101.26, K101.27, K101.28, K101.29, K101.30, K101.31, K101.32, K101.33, K101.34, K101.35, K101.36, K101.37, K101.38, K101.39, K101.40, K101.41, K101.42, K101.43, K101.44, K101.45, K101.46, K101.47, K101.48, K101.49, K101.50, K101.51, K101.52, K101.53, K101.54, K101.55, K101.56, K101.57, K101.58, K101.59, K101.60, K101.61, K101.62, K101.63, K101.64, K101.65, K101.66, K101.67, K101.68, K101.69, K101.70, K101.71, K101.72, K101.73, K101.74, K101.75, K101.76, K101.77, K101.78, K101.79, K101.80, K101.81, K101.82, K101.83, K101.84, K101.85, K101.86, K101.87, K101.88, K101.89, K101.90, K101.91, K101.92, K101.93, K101.94, K101.95, K101.96, K101.97, K101.98, K101.99, K101.100, K101.101, K101.102, K101.103, K102.1, K102.2, K102.3, K102.4, K102.5, K102.6, K102.7, K102.8, K102.9, K102.10, K102.11, K102.12, K102.13, K102.14, K102.15, K102.16, K102.17, K102.18, K102.19, K102.20, K102.21, K102.22, K102.23, K102.24, K102.25, K102.26, K102.27, K102.28, K102.29, K102.30, K102.31, K102.32, K102.33, K102.34, K102.35, K102.36, K102.37, K102.38, K102.39, K102.40, K102.41, K102.42, K102.43, K102.44, K102.45, K102.46, K102.47, K102.48, K102.49, K102.50, K102.51, K102.52, K102.53, K102.54, K102.55, K102.56, K102.57, K102.58, K102.59, K102.60, K102.61, K102.62, K102.63, K102.64, K102.65, K102.66, K102.67, K102.68, K102.69, K102.70, K102.71, K102.72, K102.73, K102.74, K102.75, K102.76, K102.77, K102.78, K102.79, K102.80, K102.81, K102.82, K102.83, K102.84, K102.85, K102.86, K102.87, K102.88, K102.89, K102.90, K102.91, K102.92, K102.93, K102.94, K102.95, K102.96, K102.97, K102.98, K102.99, K102.100, K102.101, K102.102, K102.103, K103.1, K103.2, K103.3, K103.4, K103.5, K103.6, K103.7, K103.8, K103.9, K103.10, K103.11, K103.12, K103.13, K103.14, K103.15, K103.16, K103.17, K103.18, K103.19, K103.20, K103.21, K103.22, K103.23, K103.24, K103.25, K103.26, K103.27, K103.28, K103.29, K103.30, K103.31, K103.32, K103.33, K103.34, K103.35, K103.36, K103.37, K103.38, K103.39, K103.40, K103.41, K103.42, K103.43, K103.44, K103.45, K103.46, K103.47, K103.48, K103.49, K103.50, K103.51, K103.52, K103.53, K103.54, K103.55, K103.56, K103.57, K103.58, K103.59, K103.60, K103.61, K103.62, K103.63, K103.64, K103.65, K103.66, K103.67, K103.68, K103.69, K103.70, K103.71, K103.72, K103.73, K103.74, K103.75, K103.76, K103.77, K103.78, K103.79, K103.80, K103.81, K103.82, K103.83, K103.84, K103.85, K103.86, K103.87, K103.88, K103.89, K103.90, K103.91, K103.92, K103.93, K103.94, K103.95, K103.96, K103.97, K103.98, K103.99, K103.100, K103.101, K103.102, K103.103, K104.1, K104.2, K104.3, K104.4, K104.5, K104.6, K104.7, K104.8, K104.9, K104.10, K104.11, K104.12, K104.13, K104.14, K104.15, K104.16, K104.17, K104.18, K104.19, K104.20, K104.21, K104.22, K104.23, K104.24, K104.25, K104.26, K104.27, K104.28, K104.29, K104.30, K104.31, K104.32, K104.33, K104.34, K104.35, K104.36, K104.37, K104.38, K104.39, K104.40, K104.41, K104.42, K104.43, K104.44, K104.45, K104.46, K104.47, K104.48, K104.49, K104.50, K104.51, K104.52, K104.53, K104.54, K104.55, K104.56, K104.57, K104.58, K104.59, K104.60, K104.61, K104.62, K104.63, K104.64, K104.65, K104.66, K104.67, K104.68, K104.69, K104.70, K104.71, K104.72, K104.73, K104.74, K104.75, K104.76, K104.77, K104.78, K104.79, K104.80, K104.81, K104.82, K104.83, K104.84, K104.85, K104.86, K104.87, K104.88, K104.89, K104.90, K104.91, K104.92, K104.93, K104.94, K104.95, K104.96, K104.97, K104.98, K104.99, K104.100, K104.101, K104.102, K104.103, K105.1, K105.2, K105.3, K105.4, K105.5, K105.6, K105.7, K105.8, K105.9, K105.10, K105.11, K105.12, K105.13, K105.14, K105.15, K105.16, K105.17, K105.18, K105.19, K105.20, K105.21, K105.22, K105.23, K105.24, K105.25, K105.26, K105.27, K105.28, K105.29, K105.30, K105.31, K105.32, K105.33, K105.34, K105.35, K105.36, K105.37, K105.38, K105.39, K105.40, K105.41, K105.42, K105.43, K105.44, K105.45, K105.46, K105.47, K105.48, K105.49, K105.50, K105.51, K105.52, K105.53, K105.54, K105.55, K105.56, K105.57, K105.58, K105.59, K105.60, K105.61, K105.62, K105.63, K105.64, K105.65, K105.66, K105.67, K105.68, K105.69, K105.70, K105.71, K105.72, K105.73, K105.74, K105.75, K105.76, K105.77, K105.78, K105.79, K105.80, K105.81, K105.82, K105.83, K105.84, K105.85, K105.86, K105.87, K105.88, K105.89, K105.90, K105.91, K105.92, K105.93, K105.94, K105.95, K105.96, K105.97, K105.98, K105.99, K105.100, K105.101, K105.102, K105.103, K106.1, K106.2, K106.3, K106.4, K106.5, K106.6, K106.7, K106.8, K106.9, K106.10, K106.11, K106.12, K106.13, K106.14, K106.15, K106.16, K106.17, K106.18, K106.19, K106.20, K106.21, K106.22, K106.23, K106.24, K106.25, K106.26, K106.27, K106.28, K106.29, K106.30, K106.31, K106.32, K106.33, K106.34, K106.35, K106.36, K106.37, K106.38, K106.39, K106.40, K106.41, K106.42, K106.43, K106.44, K106.45, K106.46, K106.47, K106.48, K106.49, K106.50, K106.51, K106.52, K106.53, K106.54, K106.55, K106.56, K106.57, K106.58, K106.59, K106.60, K106.61, K106.62, K106.63, K106.64, K106.65, K106.66, K106.67, K106.68, K106.69, K106.70, K106.71, K106.72, K106.73, K106.74, K106.75, K106.76, K106.77, K106.78, K106.79, K106.80, K106.81, K106.82, K106.83, K106.84, K106.85, K106.86, K106.87, K106.88, K106.89, K106.90, K106.91, K106.92, K106.93, K106.94, K106.95, K106.96, K106.97, K106.98, K106.99, K106.100, K106.101, K106.102, K106.103, K107.1, K107.2, K107.3, K107.4, K107.5, K107.6, K107.7, K107.8, K107.9, K107.10, K107.11, K107.12, K107.13, K107.14, K107.15, K107.16, K107.17, K107.18, K107.19, K107.20, K107.21, K107.22, K107.23, K107.24, K107.25, K107.26, K107.27, K107.28, K107.29, K107.30, K107.31, K107.32, K107.33, K107.34, K107.35, K107.36, K107.37, K107.38, K107.39, K107.40, K107.41, K107.42, K107.43, K107.44, K107.45, K107.46, K107.47, K107.48, K107.49, K107.50, K107.51, K107.52, K107.53, K107.54, K107.55, K107.56, K107.57, K107.58, K107.59, K107.60, K107.61, K107.62, K107.63, K107.64, K107.65, K107.66, K107.67, K107.68, K107.69, K107.70, K107.71, K107.72, K107.73, K107.74, K107.75, K107.76, K107.77, K107.78, K107.79, K107.80, K107.81, K107.82, K107.83, K107.84, K107.85, K107.86, K107.87, K107.88, K107.89, K107.90, K107.91, K107.92, K107.93, K107.94, K107.95, K107.96, K107.97, K107.98, K107.99, K107.100, K107.101, K107.102, K107.103, K108.1, K108.2, K108.3, K108.4, K108.5, K108.6, K108.7, K108.8, K108.9, K108.10, K108.11, K108.12, K108.13, K108.14, K108.15, K108.16, K108.17, K108.18, K108.19, K108.20, K108.21, K108.22, K108.23, K108.24, K108.25, K108.26, K108.27, K108.28, K108.29, K108.30, K108.31, K108.32, K108.33, K108.34, K108.35, K108.36, K108.37, K108.38, K108.39, K108.40, K108.41, K108.42, K108.43, K108.44, K108.45, K108.46, K108.47, K108.48, K108.49, K108.50, K108.51, K108.52, K108.53, K108.54, K108.55, K108.56, K108.57, K108.58, K108.59, K108.60, K108.61, K108.62, K108.63, K108.64, K108.65, K108.66, K108.67, K108.68, K108.69, K108.70, K108.71, K108.72, K108.73, K108.74, K108.75, K108.76, K108.77, K108.78, K108.79, K108.80, K108.81, K108.82, K108.83, K108.84, K108.85, K108.86, K108.87, K108.88, K108.89, K108.90, K108.91, K108.92, K108.93, K108.94, K108.95, K108.96, K108.97, K108.98, K108.99, K108.100, K108.101, K108.102, K108.103, K109.1, K109.2, K109.3, K109.4, K109.5, K109.6, K109.7, K109.8, K109.9, K109.10, K109.11, K109.12, K109.13, K109.14, K109.15, K109.16, K109.17, K109.18, K109.19, K109.20, K109.21, K109.22, K109.23, K109.24, K109.25, K109.26, K109.27, K109.28, K109.29, K109.30, K109.31, K109.32, K109.33, K109.34, K109.35, K109.36, K109.37, K109.38, K109.39, K109.40, K109.41, K109.42, K109.43, K109.44, K109.45, K109.46, K109.47, K109.48, K109.49, K109.50, K109.51, K109.52, K109.53, K109.54, K109.55, K109.56, K109.57, K109.58, K109.59, K109.60, K109.61, K109.62, K109.63, K109.64, K109.65, K109.66, K109.67, K109.68, K109.69, K109.70, K109.71, K109.72, K109.73, K109.74, K109.75, K109.76, K109.77, K109.78, K109.79, K109.80, K109.81, K109.82, K109.83, K109.84, K109.85, K109.86, K109.87, K109.88, K109.89, K109.90, K109.91, K109.92, K109.93, K109.94, K109.95, K109.96, K109.97, K109.98, K109.99, K109.100, K109.101, K109.102, K109.103, K110.1, K 110.2, K 110.3, K 110.4, K 110.5, K110.6, K110.7, K110.8, K110.9, K110.10, K110.11, K 110.12, K110.13, K110.14, K110.15, K110.16, K110.17, K110.18, K110.19, K110.20, K110.21, K110.22, K110.23, K110.24, K110.25, K110.26, K110.27, K110.28, K110.29, K110.30, K110.31, K110.32, K110.33, K110.34, K110.35, K110.36, K110.37, K110.38, K110.39, K110.40, K110.41, K110.42, K110.43, K110.44, K110.45, K110.46, K110.47, K110.48, K110.49, K110.50, K110.51, K110.52, K110.53, K110.54, K110.55, K110.56, K110.57, K110.58, K110.59, K110.60, K110.61, K110.62, K110.63, K110.64, K110.65, K110.66, K110.67, K110.68, K110.69, K110.70, K110.71, K110.72, K110.73, K110.74, K110.75, K110.76, K110.77, K110.78, K110.79, K110.80, K110.81, K110.82, K110.83, K110.84, K110.85, K110.86, K110.87, K110.88 K110.89, K110.90, K110.91, K110.92, K110.93, K110.94, K110.95, K110.96, K110.97, K110.98, K110.99, K110.100, K110.101, K110.102, K110.103, K111.1, K111.2, K111.3, K111.4, K111.5, K111.6, K111.7, K111.8, K111.9, K111.10, K111.11, K111.12, K111.13, K111.14, K111.15, K111.16, K111.17, K111.18, K111.19, K111.20, K111.21, K111.22, K111.23, K111.24, K111.25, K111.26, K111.27, K111.28, K111.29, K111.30, K111.31, K111.32, K111.33, K111.34, K111.35, K111.36, K111.37, K111.38, K111.39, K111.40, K111.41, K111.42, K111.43, K111.44, K111.45, K111.46, K 111.47, K111.48, K111.49, K111.50, K111.51, K111.52, K111.53, K111.54, K111.55, K111.56, K111.57, K111.58, K111.59, K111.60, K111.61, K111.62, K111.63, K111.64, K111.65, K111.66, K111.67, K111.68, K111.69, K111.70, K111.71, K111.72, K111.73, K111.74, K111.75, K111.76, K111.77, K111.78, K111.79, K111.80, K111.81, K111.82, K111.83, K111.84, K111.85, K111.86, K111.87, K111.88, K111.89, K111.90, K111.91, K111.92, K111.93, K111.94, K111.95, K111.96, K111.97, K111.98, K111.99, K111.100, K111.101, K111.102, K111.103, K112.1, K112.2, K112.3, K112.4, 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K118.54, K118.55, K118.56, K118.57, K118.58, K118.59, K118.60, K118.61, K118.62, K118.63, K118.64, K 18.65, K118.66, K118.67, K118.68, K118.69, K118.70, K118.71, K118.72, K118.73, K118.74, K118.75, K118.76, K118.77, K118.78, K118.79, K118.80, K118.81, K118.82, K118.83, K118.84, K118.85, K118.86, K 118.87, K118.88, K 118.89, K118.90, K118.91, K118.92, K118.93, K118.94, K 118.95, K118.96, K118.97, K118.98, K118.99, K118.100, K 18.101, K18.102, K18.103, K119.1, K119.2, K119.3, K119.4, K119.5, K119.6, K119.7, K119.8, K119.9, K119.10, K119.11, K119.12, K119.13, K119.14, K119.15, K119.16, K119.17, K119.18, K119.19, K119.20, K119.21, K119.22, K119.23, K119.24, K119.25, K119.26, K119.27, K119.28, K119.29, K119.30, K119.31, K119.32, K119.33, K119.34, K119.35, K119.36, K119.37, K119.38, K119.39, K119.40, K119.41, K119.42, K119.43, K119.44, K119.45, K119.46, K119.47, K119.48, K119.49, K119.50, K119.51, K119.52, K119.53, K119.54, K119.55, K119.56, K119.57, K119.58, K119.59, K119.60, K119.61, 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K121.78, K121.79, K121.80, K121.81, K121.82, K121.83, K121.84, K121.85, K121.86, K121.87, K121.88, K121.89, K121.90, K121.91, K121.92, K121.93, K121.94, K121.95, K121.96, K121.97, K121.98, K121.99, K121.100, K121.101, K121.102, K121.103, K122.1, K122.2, K122.3, K122.4, K122.5, K122.6, K122.7, K122.8, K122.9, K122.10, K122.11, K122.12, K122.13, K122.14, K122.15, K122.16, K122.17, K122.18, K122.19, K122.20, K122.21, K122.22, K122.23, K122.24, K122.25, K122.26, K122.27, K122.28, K122.29, K122.30, K122.31, K122.32, K122.33, K122.34, K122.35, K122.36, K122.37, K122.38, K122.39, K122.40, K122.41, K122.42, K122.43, K122.44, K122.45, K122.46, K122.47, K122.48, K122.49, K122.50, K122.51, K122.52, K122.53, K122.54, K122.55, K122.56, K122.57, K122.58, K122.59, K122.60, K122.61, K122.62, K122.63, K122.64, K122.65, K122.66, K122.67, K122.68, K122.69, K122.70, K122.71, K122.72, K122.73, K122.74, K122.75, K122.76, K122.77, K122.78, K122.79, K122.80, K122.81, K122.82, K122.83, K122.84, K122.85, K122.86, K122.87, K122.88, K122.89, K122.90, K122.91, K122.92, K122.93, K122.94, K122.95, K122.96, K122.97, K122.98, K122.99, K122.100, K122.101, K122.102, K122.103, K123.1, K123.2, K123.3, K123.4, K123.5, K123.6, K123.7, K123.8, K123.9, K123.10, K123.11, K123.12, K123.13, K123.14, K123.15, K123.16, K123.17, K123.18, K123.19, K123.20, K123.21, K123.22, K123.23, K123.24, K123.25, K123.26, K123.27, K123.28, K123.29, K123.30, K123.31, K123.32, K123.33, K123.34, K123.35, K123.36, K123.37, K123.38, K123.39, K123.40, K123.41, K123.42, K123.43, K123.44, K123.45, K123.46, K123.47, K123.48, K123.49, K123.50, K123.51, K123.52, K123.53, K123.54, K123.55, K123.56, K123.57, K123.58, K123.59, K123.60, K123.61, K123.62, K123.63, K123.64, K123.65, K123.66, K123.67, K123.68, K123.69, K123.70, K123.71, K123.72, K123.73, K123.74, K123.75, K123.76, K123.77, K123.78, K123.79, K123.80, K123.81, K123.82, K123.83, K123.84, K123.85, K123.86, K123.87, K123.88, K123.89, K123.90, K123.91, K123.92, K123.93, K123.94, K123.95, K123.96, K123.97, K123.98, K123.99, K123.100, K123.101, K123.102, K123.103, K124.1, K124.2, K124.3, K124.4, K124.5, K124.6, K124.7, K124.8, K124.9, K124.10, K124.11, K124.12, K124.13, K124.14, K124.15, K124.16, K124.17, K124.18, K124.19, K124.20, K124.21, K124.22, K124.23, K124.24, K124.25, K124.26, K124.27, K124.28, K124.29, K124.30, K124.31, K124.32, K124.33, K124.34, K124.35, K124.36, K124.37, K124.38, K124.39, K124.40, K124.41, K124.42, K124.43, K124.44, K124.45, K124.46, K124.47, K124.48, K124.49, K124.50, K124.51, K124.52, K124.53, K124.54, K124.55, K124.56, K124.57, K124.58, K124.59, K124.60, K124.61, K124.62, K124.63, K124.64, K124.65, K124.66, K124.67, K124.68, K124.69, K124.70, K124.71, K124.72, K124.73, K124.74, K124.75, K124.76, K124.77, K124.78, K124.79, K124.80, K124.81, K124.82, K124.83, K124.84, K124.85, K124.86, K124.87, K124.88, K124.89, K124.90, K124.91, K124.92, K124.93, K124.94, K124.95, K124.96, K124.97, K124.98, K124.99, K124.100, K124.101, K124.102, K124.103, K125.1, K125.2, K125.3, K125.4, K125.5, K125.6, K125.7, K125.8, K125.9, K125.10, K125.11, K125.12 K125.13, K125.14, K125.15, K125.16, K125.17, K125.18, K125.19, K125.20, K125.21, K125.22, K125.23, K125.24, K125.25, K125.26, K125.27, K125.28, K125.29, K125.30, K125.31, K125.32, K125.33, K125.34, K125.35, K125.36, K125.37, K125.38, K125.39, K125.40, K125.41, K125.42, K125.43, K125.44, K125.45, K125.46, K125.47, K125.48, K125.49, K125.50, K125.51, K125.52, K125.53, K125.54, K125.55, K125.56, K125.57, K125.58, K125.59, K125.60, K125.61, K125.62, K125.63, K125.64, K125.65, K125.66, K125.67, K125.68, K125.69, K125.70, K125.71, K125.72, K125.73, K125.74, K125.75, K125.76, K125.77, K125.78, K125.79, K125.80, K125.81, K125.82, K125.83, K125.84, K125.85, K125.86, K125.87, K125.88, K125.89, K125.90, K125.91, K125.92, K125.93, K125.94, K125.95, K125.96, K125.97, K125.98, K125.99, K125.100, K125.101, K125.102, K125.103, K126.1, K126.2, K126.3, K126.4, K126.5, K126.6, K126.7, K126.8, K126.9, K126.10, K126.11, K126.12, K126.13, K126.14, K126.15, K126.16, K126.17, K126.18, K126.19, K126.20, K126.21, K126.22, K126.23, K126.24, K126.25, K126.26, K126.27, K126.28, K126.29, K126.30, K126.31, K126.32, K126.33, K126.34, K126.35, K126.36, K126.37, K126.38, K126.39, K126.40, K126.41, K126.42, K126.43, K126.44, K126.45, K126.46, K126.47, K126.48, K126.49, K126.50, K126.51, K126.52, K126.53, K126.54, K126.55, K126.56, K126.57, K126.58, K126.59, K126.60, K126.61, K126.62, K126.63, K126.64, K126.65, K126.66, K126.67, K126.68, K126.69, K126.70, K126.71, K126.72, K126.73, K126.74, K126.75, K126.76, K126.77, K126.78, K126.79, K126.80, K126.81, K126.82, K126.83, K126.84, K126.85, K126.86, K126.87, K126.88, K126.89, K126.90, K126.91, K126.92, K126.93, K126.94, K126.95, K126.96, K126.97, K126.98, K126.99, K126.100, K126.101, K126.102, K126.103, K127.1, K127.2, K127.3, K127.4, K127.5, K127.6, K127.7, K127.8, K127.9, K127.10, K127.11, K127.12, K127.13, K127.14, K127.15, K127.16, K127.17, K127.18, K127.19, K127.20, K127.21, K127.22, K127.23, K127.24, K127.25, K127.26, K127.27, K127.28, K127.29, K127.30, K127.31, K127.32, K127.33, K127.34, K127.35, K127.36, K127.37, K127.38, K127.39, K127.40, K127.41, K127.42, K127.43, K127.44, K127.45, K127.46, K127.47, K127.48, K127.49, K127.50, K127.51, K127.52, K127.53, K127.54, K127.55, K127.56, K127.57, K127.58, K127.59, K127.60, K127.61, K127.62, K127.63, K127.64, K127.65, K127.66, K127.67, K127.68, K127.69, K127.70, K127.71, K127.72, K127.73, K127.74, K127.75, K127.76, K127.77, K127.78, K127.79, K127.80, K127.81, K127.82, K127.83, K127.84, K127.85, K127.86, K127.87, K127.88, K127.89, K127.90, K127.91, K127.92, K127.93, K127.94, K127.95, K127.96, K127.97, K127.98, K127.99, K127.100, K127.101, K127.102 and K127.103.
  • The application rates of the herbicides (B) are known in principle and are generally in the range from 1 g to 8000 g of AS/ha (g of AS/ha=g of active substance per hectare), preferably in the range from 5 g to 5000 g of AS/ha.
  • In the mixtures according to the invention, in the context of the application rates mentioned, lower application rates of the active compound in question are required compared to the individual application. The weight ratios (A):(B) are, depending on the effective application rates, generally in the range from 1:8000 to 800:1, preferably 1:100 to 100:1, and particularly in the range from 1:50 to 50:1.
  • Preference is given to herbicide combinations of one or more compounds (A) with one or more compounds of group (B1) or (B2) or (B3).
  • Preference is furthermore given to combinations of compounds (A) with one or more compounds (B) according to the scheme:
  • (A)+(B1)+(B2), (A)+(B1)+(B3), (A)+(B2)+(B3) or (A)+(B1)+(B2)+(B3).
  • The combinations according to the invention can furthermore be used together with other active compounds, for example from the group of the herbicides, safeners, fungicides, insecticides and plant growth regulators, or from the group of the formulation auxiliaries and additives customary in crop protection.
  • Additives are, for example, fertilizers and colorants. Of particular importance here are combinations to which one or more further active compounds of a different structure or safeners [active compounds (C)] are added, such as, for example, according to the scheme
  • (A)+(B1)+(C), (A)+(B2)+(C), (A)+(B3)+(C), (A)+(B1)+(B2)+(C), (A)+(B1)+(B3)+(C), (A)+(B2)+(B3)+(C) or (A)+(B1)+(B2)+(B3)+(C).
  • For combinations of the last-mentioned type with three or more active compounds, the preferred conditions illustrated below in particular for two-compound combinations according to the invention primarily also apply if they comprise the two-compound combinations according to the invention, and with respect to the two-compound combination in question.
  • In some cases, even combinations of different active compounds from the group (A) are synergistic, so that, based on these two-compound combinations, particularly favorable three-compound combinations with additional synergistic effects are possible.
  • Preference is given to combinations of active compounds (A) and (B) suitable for non-selective application.
  • Particular preference is given to combinations of active compounds (A) with active compounds (B) selected from the group consisting of:
  • simazine (B1.1.4), pendimethalin (B1.1.7), oxadiargyl (B1.1.8), isoxaben (B1.2.1), foramsulfuron (B2.1.5), iodosulfuron (B2.1.6), iodosulfuron-methyl sodium salt (B2.1.6.2), amicarbazone (B2.1.7), propoxycarbazone (B2.1.8), propoxycarbazone sodium salt (B2.1.8.1), metribuzine (B2.1.9), glufosinate (B2.1.1), glufosinateammonium (B2.1.1.1), glyphosate (B2.1.2), glyphosate-isopropylammonium (B2.1.2.1), sulfosate (B2.1.3), metsulfuron (B2.1.10), metsulfuron-methyl (B2.1.10.1), imazapyr (B2.1.12), imazapyr acid (B2.1.12.1), imazapyr-isopropylammonium (B2.1.12.2), paraquat (B2.1.13), paraquat dichloride (B2.1.13.1), triclopyr (B2.2.3), triclopyr acid (B2.2.3.1), triclopyr-triethylammonium salt (B2.2.3.2), triclopyr-butotyl ester (B2.2.3.3), amidosulfuron (B2.2.7), amitrole (B2.2.14), diuron (B3.2), oxyfluorfen (B3.1.1), oxadiazon (B3.1.8), diflufenican (B3.1.9), bromacil (B3.3) and norflurazon (B3.4).
  • Particular preference is given here to the combinations of active compounds (A) with active compounds (B) from the group consisting of:
  • oxadiargyl (B1.1.8), glufosinate (B2.1.1), glufosinate-ammonium (B2.1.1.1), glyphosate (B2.1.2), glyphosate-isopropylammonium (B2.1.2.1), sulfosate (B2.1.3), foramsulfuron (B2.1.5), iodosulfuron (B2.1.6), iodosulfuron-methyl sodium salt (B2.1.6.2), amicarbazone (B2.1.7), propoxycarbazone (B2.1.8), propoxycarbazone sodium salt (B2.1.8.1), metribuzine (B2.1.9), amidosulfuron (B2.2.7), oxyfluorfen (B3.1.1), oxadiazon (B3.1.8), diflufenican (B3.1.9) and diuron (B3.2), in particular glufosinate (B2.1.1), glufosinate-ammonium (B2.1.1.1), glyphosate (B2.1.2), glyphosate-isopropylammonium (B2.1.2.1), sulfosate (B2.1.3) and oxyfluorfen (B3.1.1).
  • The herbicide combinations according to the invention can also be combined with further herbicides and plant growth regulators, for example to complete the activity spectrum.
  • Examples of such further combination partners are herbicidally active compounds or plant growth regulators having a structure different from that of the herbicides (B) contained in the combinations, as described, for example, in the manual “The Pesticide Manual”, 13th Edition 2003, The British Crop Protection Council, or in the e-Pesticide Manual Version 3 (2003), or else as trade names and “common names” in the “Compendium of Pesticide Common Names” (searchable on the Internet), and in each case in the literature cited therein.
  • Below, examples of herbicides and plant growth regulators are given using their standardized active compound names according to the “International Organization for Standardization” (ISO) or by their chemical names or by a code number: acetochlor; acifluorfen(-sodium); aclonifen; AKH 7088, i.e. [[[1-[5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrophenyl]-2-methoxyethylidene]amino]oxy]acetic acid and its methyl ester; alachlor; alloxydim(-sodium); ametryn; amicarbazone, amidochlor, amidosulfuron; aminopyralid, amitrol (aminotriazine); AMS, i.e. ammonium sulfamate; anilofos; asulam; atrazine; azafenidin; azimsulfuron (DPX-A8947); aziprotryn; barban; BAS 516 H, i.e. 5-fluoro-2-phenyl-4H-3,1-benzoxazin-4-one; beflubutamid; benazolin(-ethyl); benfluralin; benfuresate; bensulfuron(-methyl); bensulide; bentazone(-sodium); benzfendizone, benzobicyclone; benzofenap; benzofluor; benzoylprop(-ethyl); benzthiazuron; bialaphos (bilanafos); bifenox; bispyribac(-sodium); bromacil; bromobutide; bromofenoxim; bromoxynil; bromuron; buminafos; busoxinone; butachlor; butafenacil; butamifos; butenachlor; buthidazole; butralin; butroxydim; butylate; cafenstrole (CH-900); carbetamide; carfentrazone(-ethyl); caloxydim, CDAA, i.e. 2-chloro-N,N-di-2-propenylacetamide; CDEC, i.e. 2-chloroallyl diethyldithiocarbamate; chlomethoxyfen; chloramben; chlorazifop-butyl; chlorbromuron; chlorbufam; chlorfenac; chlorfenprop, chlorflurenol-methyl; chloridazon; chlorimuron(-ethyl); chlornitrofen; chlorotoluron; chloroxuron; chlorpropham; chlorsulfuron; chlorthal-dimethyl; chlorthiamid; chlortoluron, cinidon-(-methyl or -ethyl), cinmethylin; cinosulfuron; clethodim; clefoxydim, clodinafop and its ester derivatives (for example clodinafop-propargyl); clomazone; clomeprop; cloprop, cloproxydim; clopyralid; clopyrasulfuron(-methyl); cloransulam(-methyl); cumyluron (JC 940); cyanazine; cycloate; cyclosulfamuron (AC 104); cycloxydim; cycluron; cyhalofop and its ester derivatives (for example butyl ester, DEH-112); cyperquat; cyprazine; cyprazole; daimuron; 2,4-D; 2,4-DB; dalapon; dazomet, desmedipham; desmetryn; di-allate; dicamba; dichlobenil; dichlorprop(-P); diclofop and its esters such as diclofop-methyl; diclosulam, diethatyl(-ethyl); difenoxuron; difenzoquat; diflufenican; diflufenzopyr; dimefuron; dimepiperate; dimethachlor; dimethametryn; dimethenamid (SAN-582H); dimethenamid(-P); dimethazone, dimethipin; dimexyflam, dimetrasulfuron, dinitramine; dinoseb; dinoterb; diphenamid; dipropetryn; diquat; dithiopyr; diuron; DNOC; eglinazine-ethyl; EL 77, i.e. 5-cyano-1-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-N-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide; endothal; epoprodan, EPTC; esprocarb; ethalfluralin; ethametsulfuron-methyl; ethidimuron; ethiozin; ethofumesate; ethoxyfen and its esters (for example ethyl ester, HC-252), ethoxysulfuron, etobenzanid (HW 52); F5231, i.e. N-[2-chloro4-fluoro-5-[4-(3-fluoropropyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-oxo-1H-tetrazol-1-yl]-phenyl]ethanesulfonamide; fenoprop; fenoxan, fenoxaprop and fenoxaprop-P and their esters, for example fenoxaprop-P-ethyl and fenoxaprop-ethyl; fenoxydim; fentrazamide; fenuron; flamprop(-methyl or -isopropyl or -isopropyl-L); flazasulfuron; florasulam; fluazifop and fluazifop-P and their esters, for example fluazifop-butyl and fluazifop-P-butyl; fluazolate, flucarbazone(-sodium); flucetosulfuron, fluchloralin; flufenacet (FOE 5043), flufenpyr, flumetsulam; flumeturon; flumiclorac(-pentyl); flumioxazin (S-482); flumipropyn; fluometuron; fluorochloridone, fluorodifen; fluoroglycofen(-ethyl); flupoxam (KNW-739); flupropacil (UBIC-4243); fluproanate, flupyrsulfuron(-methyl, or -sodium); flurenol(-butyl); fluridone; flurochloridone; fluroxypyr(-meptyl); flurprimidol, flurtamone; fluthiacet(-methyl); fluthiamide (also known as flufenacet); fomesafen; foramsulfuron; fosamine; furilazole (MON 13900), furyloxyfen; glufosinate (-ammonium); glyphosate(-isopropylammonium); halosafen; halosulfuron(-methyl) and its esters (for example the methyl ester, NC-319); haloxyfop and its esters; haloxyfop-P (=R-haloxyfop) and its esters; HC-252 (diphenyl ether), hexazinone; imazamethabenz(-methyl); imazamethapyr; imazamox; imazapic, imazapyr; imazaquin and salts such as the ammonium salts; imazethamethapyr; imazethapyr, imazosulfuron; indanofan; iodosulfuron-(methyl)-(sodium), ioxynil; isocarbamid; isopropalin; isoproturon; isouron; isoxaben; isoxachlortole; isoxaflutole; isoxapyrifop; karbutilate; lactofen; lenacil; linuron; MCPA; MCPA-thioethyl, MCPB; mecoprop(-P); mefenacet; mefluidid; mepisulfuron (LGC-42153), mesosulfuron(-methyl); mesotrione; metam, metamifop, metamitron; metazachlor; methabenzthiazuron; methazole; methoxyphenone; methyldymron; metobenzuron, metobromuron; (S-)metolachlor; metosulam (XRD 511); metoxuron; metribuzin; metsulfuron-methyl; MK-616; molinate; monalide; monocarbamide dihydrogensulfate; monolinuron; monuron; MT 128, i.e. 6-chloro-N-(3-chloro-2-propenyl)-5-methyl-N-phenyl-3-pyridazinamine; MT 5950, i.e. N-[3-chloro-4-(1-methylethyl)-phenyl]-2-methylpentanamide; naproanilide; napropamide; naptalam; NC 310, i.e. 4-(2,4-dichlorobenzoyl)-1-methyl-5-benzyloxypyrazole; neburon; nicosulfuron; nipyraclophen; nitralin; nitrofen; nitrofluorfen; norflurazon; orbencarb; oryzalin; oxadiargyl (RP-020630); oxadiazone; oxasulfuron; oxaziclomefone; oxyfluorfen; paraquat; pebulate; pelargonic acid; pendimethalin; penoxulam; pentanochlor, pentoxazone; perfluidone; pethoxamid, phenisopham; phenmedipham; picloram; picolinafen; pinoxaden (NOA-407855=flucetsulfuron), piperophos; piributicarb; pirifenop-butyl; pretilachlor; primisulfuron(-methyl); procarbazone(-sodium); procyazine; prodiamine; profluazole, profluralin; proglinazine(-ethyl); prometon; prometryn; propachlor; propanil; propaquizafop; propazine; propham; propisochlor; propoxycarbazone(-sodium), propyzamide; prosulfalin; prosulfocarb; prosulfuron (CGA-152005); prynachlor; pyraclonil, pyraflufen(-ethyl); pyrazolinate; pyrazon; pyrazosulfuron(-ethyl); pyrazoxyfen; pyribenzoxim; pyributicarb; pyridafol; pyridate; pyriftalid, pyrimidobac(-methyl); pyrithiobac(-sodium) (KIH-2031); pyroxofop and its esters (for example propargyl ester); quinclorac; quinmerac; quinoclamine, quinofop and its ester derivatives, quizalofop and quizalofop-P and their ester derivatives, for example quizalofop-ethyl; quizalofop-P-tefuryl and -ethyl; renriduron; rimsulfuron (DPX-E 9636); S 275, i.e. 2-[4-chloro-2-fluoro-5-(2-propynyloxy)phenyl]4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-2H-indazole; secbumeton; sethoxydim; siduron; simazine; simetryn; SN 106279, i.e. 2-[[7-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-naphthalenyl]oxy]propanoic acid and its methyl ester; sulcotrione; sulfentrazone (FMC-97285, F-6285); sulfazuron; sulfometuron(-methyl); sulfosate (ICI-A0224); sulfosulfuron; TCA; tebutam (GCP-5544); tebuthiuron; tepraloxydim; terbacil; terbucarb; terbuchlor; terbumeton; terbuthylazine; terbutryn; TFH 450, i.e. N,N-diethyl-3-[(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-carboxamide; thenylchlor (NSK-850); thiafluamide; thiazafluron; thiazopyr (Mon-13200); thidiazimin (SN-24085); thidiazuron, thifensulfuron(-methyl); thiobencarb; tiocarbazil; topramezone (BAS-670H), tralkoxydim; tri-allate; triasulfuron; triaziflam; triazofenamide; tribenuron(-methyl); 2,3,6-trichlorobenzoic acid (2,3,6-TBA), triclopyr; tridiphane; trietazine; trifloxysulfuron(-sodium), trifluralin; triflusulfuron and esters (e.g. methyl ester, DPX-66037); trimeturon; tritosulfuron; tsitodef; vernolate; WL 110547, i.e. 5-phenoxy-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1H-tetrazole; HOK-201, HOK-202, UBH-509; D-489; LS 82-556; KPP-300; NC-324; NC-330; KH-218; DPX-N8189; SC-0774; TH-547, DOWCO-535; DK-8910; V-53482; PP-600; MBH-001; KIH-9201; ET-751; KIH-6127; KIH-2023 and KIH5996.
  • If the respective name (common name) includes more than one form of the active compound, the name preferably defines the commercially available form.
  • Each of the further active compounds mentioned (=active compounds (C*), (C1*), (C2*) etc.) can then preferably be combined with one of the two-compound combinations K1.1 to K127.103, according to the scheme (A)+(B)+(C*) or else according to scheme (A)+(B)+(C1*)+(C2*) etc. This also includes those multiple combinations in which the compounds (C*), (C1*) or (C2*) are selected from the group of the compounds (B), but are not identical to the compound (B) present in respective two-compound combinations.
  • Multiple combinations of active compounds (A) with a plurality of active compounds (B) are, for example
  • (A)+(B3.2)+(B2.1.4), preferably (A)+diuron (B3.2)+MSMA (B2.1.4.1), in particular in amounts of 1-800 g of AS/ha (A) and 500-2000 g of AS/ha (B3.2) and 1000-3000 g of AS/ha (B2.1.4.1);
  • (A)+(B3.2)+(B2.1.13), preferably (A)+diuron (B3.2)+paraquat dichloride (B2.1.13.1), in particular in amounts of 1-800 g of AS/ha (A) and 100-500 g of AS/ha (B3.2) and 100-1000 g of AS/ha (B2.1.13.1);
  • (A)+(B3.2)+(B2.2.14), preferably (A)+diuron (B3.2)+amitrole (B2.2.14) in amounts of 1-800 g of AS/ha (A) and 100-500 g of AS/ha (B3.2) and 100-500 g of AS/ha (B2.2.14);
  • (A)+(B3.2)+(B2.1.1), preferably (A)+diuron (B3.2)+glufosinate-ammonium (B2.1.1.1), in particular in amounts of 1-800 g of AS/ha (A) and 500-2000 g of AS/ha (B3.2) and 100-1000 g of AS/ha (B2.1.1.1);
  • (A)+(B3.2)+(B2.1.2), preferably (A)+diuron (B3.2)+glyphosateisopropylammonium (B2.1.2.1), in particular in amounts of 1-800 g of AS/ha (A) and 500-2000 g of AS/ha (B3.2) and 500-1500 g of AS/ha (B2.1.2.1);
  • (A)+(B3.2)+(B2.1.2)+petroleum, preferably (A)+diuron (B3.2)+glyphosateisopropylammonium (B2.1.2.1)+mineral oil, in particular in amounts of 1-800 g of AS/ha (A) and 500-2000 g of AS/ha (B3.2) and 500-1500 g of AS/ha (B2.1.2.1) and 100-500 g/ha mineral oil;
  • (A)+(B3.1.9)+(B2.1.2), preferably (A)+diflufenican (B3.1.9)+glyphosateisopropylammonium (B2.1.2.1), in particular in amounts of 1-800 g of AS/ha (A) and 50-500 g of AS/ha (B3.1.9) and 500-1500 g of AS/ha (B2.1.2.1);
  • (A)+(B1.1.4)+(B3.1.10), preferably (A)+simazine (B1.1.4)+ametryn (B3.1.10) in amounts of 1-800 g of AS/ha (A) and 1000-2500 g of AS/ha (B1.1.4) and 1000-2500 g of AS/ha (B3.1.10);
  • (A)+(B1.2.1)+(B1.1.10), preferably (A)+isoxaben (B1.2.1)+oryzalin (B1.1.10) in amounts of 1-800 g of AS/ha (A) and 10-250 g of AS/ha (B1.2.1) and 1000-3500 g of AS/ha (B1.1.10);
  • (A)+(B3.1.1)+(B1.1.10), preferably (A)+oxyfluorfen (B3.1.1)+oryzalin (B1.1.10), in particular in amounts of 1-800 g of AS/ha (A) and 500-2000 g of AS/ha (B3.1.1) and 1000-5000 g of AS/ha (B1.1.0).
  • The stated amounts are application rates (g of AS/ha=gram of active compound per hectare) and thus also define the ratios in a coformulation, a pre-mix, a tank mix or a sequential application of the combined active compounds.
  • The combinations can be applied both by the pre-emergence method and by the post-emergence method. This applies both to pre- and post-emergence with respect to the harmful plants and, in the selective control of harmful plants, to the pre- or post-emergence of the crop plants. Mixed forms are also possible, for example after the emergence of the crop plants the control of the harmful plants at their pre- or post-emergence stage.
  • Other suitable combination partners include crop plant-protecting active compounds (called “safeners” or “antidotes”) which are able to prevent or reduce phytotoxic effects of the herbicides in crop plants.
  • Suitable safeners for the above-mentioned herbicidally active compounds (A) or combinations of herbicides (A) and (B) or generally for the combinations according to the invention are, for example, the following groups of compounds:
  • a) compounds of the type of the dichlorophenylpyrazoline-3-carboxylic acid, preferably compounds such as ethyl 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(ethoxycarbonyl)-5-methyl-2-pyrazoline-3-carboxylate (S1-1) (“mefenpyr-diethyl”, PM, pp. 622-623), and related compounds, as described in WO 91/07874,
  • b) derivatives of dichlorophenylpyrazolecarboxylic acid, preferably compounds such as ethyl 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methylpyrazole-3-carboxylate (S1-2), ethyl 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-isopropylpyrazole-3-carboxylate (S 1-3), ethyl 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)pyrazole-3-carboxylate (S1-4), ethyl 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-phenylpyrazole-3-carboxylate (S1-5) and related compounds, as described in EP-A-333 131 and EP-A-269 806.
  • c) compounds of the type of the triazolecarboxylic acids, preferably compounds such as fenchlorazole (ethyl ester), i.e. ethyl 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-trichloromethyl-(1H)-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxylate (S 1-6), and related compounds (EP-A-174 562 and EP-A-346 620);
  • d) compounds of the type of the 5-benzyl- or 5-phenyl-2-isoxazoline-3-carboxylic acid, or of the 5,5-diphenyl-2-isoxazoline-3-carboxylic acid, preferably compounds such as ethyl 5-(2,4-dichlorobenzyl)-2-isoxazoline-3-carboxylate (S1-7) or ethyl 5-phenyl-2-isoxazoline-3-carboxylate (S1-8) and related compounds, as described in WO 91/08202, or of ethyl 5,5-diphenyl-2-isoxazolinecarboxylate (S1-9) (“isoxadifen-ethyl”, PM, p. 588) or n-propyl 5,5-diphenyl-2-isoxazolinecarboxylate (S1-10) or ethyl 5-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-phenyl-2-isoxazoline-3-carboxylate (S1-11), as described in the German patent application (WO-A-95/07897).
  • e) compounds of the type of the 8-quinolineoxyacetic acid (S2), preferably 1-methylhex-1-yl (5-chloro-8-quinolineoxy) acetate (common name “cloquintocetmexyl” (S2-1) (see PM, pp. 196-197)
      • 1,3-dimethylbut-1-yl (5-chloro-8-quinolineoxy)acetate (S2-2),
      • 4-allyloxybutyl (5-chloro-8-quinolineoxy)acetate (S2-3),
      • 1-allyloxyprop-2-yl (5-chloro-8-quinolineoxy)acetate (S2-4),
      • ethyl (5-chloro-8-quinolineoxy)acetate (S2-5),
      • methyl (5-chloro-8-quinolineoxy)acetate (S2-6),
      • allyl (5-chloro-8-quinolineoxy)acetate (S2-7),
      • 2-(2-propylideniminoxy)-1-ethyl (5-chloro-8-quinolineoxy)acetate (S2-8),
      • 2-oxoprop-1-yl (5-chloro-8-quinolineoxy)acetate (S2-9)
  • and related compounds, as described in EP-A-86 750, EP-A-94 349 and EP-A-191 736 or EP-A-0 492 366.
  • f) compounds of the type of the (5-chloro-8-quinolineoxy)malonic acid, preferably compounds such as diethyl (5-chloro-8-quinolineoxy)malonate, diallyl (5-chloro-8-quinolineoxy)malonate, methyl ethyl (5-chloro-8-quinolineoxy)malonate and related compounds, as described in EP-A-0 582 198.
  • g) active compounds of the type of the phenoxyacetic or -propionic acid derivatives or the aromatic carboxylic acids, such as, for example, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (ester) (2,4-D), 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxypropionic ester (mecoprop), MCPA or 3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid (ester) (dicamba).
  • h) active compounds of the type of the pyrimidines, such as, for example, “fenclorim” (PM, p. 406) (=4,6-dichloro-2-phenylpyrimidine),
  • i) active compounds of the type of the dichloroacetamides, such as, for example,
  • “dichlormid” (PM, p. 284) (=N,N-diallyl-2,2-dichloroacetamide),
  • “R-29148” (=3-dichloroacetyl-2,2,5-trimethyl-1,3-oxazolidine from Stauffer),
  • “benoxacor” (PM, pp. 72-73) (=4-dichloroacetyl-3,4-dihydro-3-methyl-2H-1,4-benzoxazine)
  • “PPG-1292” (=N-allyl-N-[(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)methyl]dichloroacetamide from PPG Industries),
  • “DK-24” (=N-allyl-N-[(allylaminocarbonyl)methyl]dichloroacetamide from Sagro-Chem),
  • “AD-67” or “MON 4660” (=3-dichloroacetyl-1-oxa-3-azaspiro[4,5]decane from Nitrokemia or Monsanto),
  • “diclonon” or “BAS145138” or “LAB145138” (=3-dichloroacetyl-2,5,5-trimethyl-1,3-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]nonane from BASF) and
  • “furilazole” or “MON 13900” (see PM, 507) (=(RS)-3-dichloroacetyl-5-(2-furyl)-2,2-dimethyloxazolidine)
  • j) active compounds of the type of the dichloroacetone derivatives, such as, for example,
  • “MG 191” (CAS-Reg. No. 96420-72-3) (=2-dichloromethyl-2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane from Nitrokemia),
  • k) active compounds of the type of the oxyimino compounds, which are known as seed dressings, such as, for example,
  • “oxabetrinil” (PM, pp. 724-725) (=(Z)-1,3-dioxolan-2-ylmethoxyimino(phenyl)-acetonitrile),
  • “fluxofenim” (PM, p.490) (=1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-ethanone O-(1,3-dioxolan-2-ylmethyl)oxime, and
  • “cyometrinil” or “-CGA-43089” (PM, p. 1056) (=(Z)-cyanomethoxyimino(phenyl)-acetonitrile),
  • l) active compounds of the type of the thiazolecarboxylic acid esters, which are known as seed dressings, such as, for example,
  • “flurazole” (PM, pp. 473-474) (=benzyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylate), which is known as seed dressing safener for millet against damage caused by alachlor and metolachlor,
  • m) active compounds of the type of the naphthalenedicarboxylic acid derivatives, which are known as seed dressings, such as, for example,
  • “naphthalic anhydride” (PM, p. 1083) (=1,8-naphthalenedicarboxylic anhydride),
  • n) active compounds of the type of the chromanacetic acid derivatives, such as, for example,
  • “CL 304415” (CAS-Reg. No. 31541-57-8) (=2-(4-carboxychroman-4-yl)acetic acid from American Cyanamid),
  • o) active compounds which have partial herbicidal action against harmful plants, such as, for example,
  • “dimepiperate” or “MY-93” (PM, pp. 315-317) (=S-1-methyl-1-phenylethyl piperidine-1-thiocarboxylate),
  • “daimuron” or “SK 23” (PM, p. 259) (=1-(1-methyl-1-phenylethyl)-3-p-tolylurea),
  • “cumyluron”=“JC-940” (=3-(2-chlorophenylmethyl)-1-(1-methyl-1-phenylethyl)urea, see JP-A-60087254),
  • “methoxyphenone” or “NK 049” (=3,3′-dimethyl-4-methoxybenzophenone),
  • “CSB” (=1-bromo-4-(chloromethylsulfonyl)benzene) (CAS-Reg. No. 54091-06-4 from Kumiai),
  • p) N-acylsulfonamides of the formula (S3) and salts thereof,
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00130
      • as known from WO-A-97/45016 and
  • q) acylsulfamoylbenzamides of the formula (S4) or salts thereof,
    Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00131
      • as known from WO-A-99/16744, for example the compound
      • 4-(2-methoxybenzoylsulfamoyl)-N-cyclopropylbenzamide (S3).
  • From among the safeners mentioned, (S1-1), (S1-9), (S2-1) and (S3), in particular (S1-1) and (S1-9), are of particular interest.
  • Some of the safeners have already been mentioned above as herbicides and, accordingly, in addition to the herbicidal action on harmful plants, also have a protective action on the crop plants.
  • Each of the safeners of groups a) to q) mentioned can be combined as further active compound (C) preferably with one of the two-compound combinations K1.1 to K127.103 mentioned which comprises a compound (B) having a structure different from the compound (C) in question, according to the scheme (A)+(B)+(C).
  • The herbicide combinations according to the invention may comprise further components, for example other active compounds against harmful organisms such as harmful plants, plant-damaging animals or plant-damaging fungi, in particular active compounds from the group of the herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, acaricides, nematicides and miticides, and related substances.
  • Fungicidally active compounds which can be used in combination with the herbicide combinations according to the invention are preferably commercially available active compounds, for example (analogously to the herbicides, the compounds are generally referred to by their common names):
  • 2-phenylphenol; 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate; acibenzolar-S-methyl; actinovate; aldimorph; amidoflumet; ampropylfos; ampropylfos-potassium; andoprim; anilazine; azaconazole; azoxystrobin; benalaxyl; benodanil; benomyl; benthiavalicarb-isopropyl; benzamacril; benzamacril-isobutyl; binapacryl; biphenyl; bitertanol; blasticidin-S; boscalid; bromuconazole; bupirimate; buthiobate; butylamine; calcium polysulfide; capsimycin; captafol; captan; carbendazim; carboxin; carpropamid; carvone; chinomethionat; chlobenthiazone; chlorfenazole; chloroneb; chlorothalonil; chlozolinate; cis-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)cycloheptanol; clozylacon; cyazofamid; cyflufenamid; cymoxanil; cyproconazole; cyprodinil; cyprofuram; Dagger G; debacarb; dichlofluanid; dichlone; dichlorophen; diclocymet; diclomezine; dicloran; diethofencarb; difenoconazole; diflumetorim; dimethirimol; dimethomorph; dimoxystrobin; diniconazole; diniconazole-M; dinocap; diphenylamine; dipyrithione; ditalimfos; dithianon; dodine; drazoxolon; edifenphos; epoxiconazole; ethaboxam; ethirimol; etridiazole; famoxadone; fenamidone; fenapanil; fenarimol; fenbuconazole; fenfuram; fenhexamid; fenitropan; fenoxanil; fenpiclonil; fenpropidin; fenpropimorph; ferbam; fluazinam; flubenzimine; fludioxonil; flumetover; flumorph; fluoromide; fluoxastrobin; fluquinconazole; flurprimidol; flusilazole; flusulfamide; flutolanil; flutriafol; folpet; fosetyl-Al; fosetyl-sodium; fuberidazole; furalaxyl; furametpyr; furcarbanil; furmecyclox; guazatine; hexachlorobenzene; hexaconazole; hymexazol; imazalil; imibenconazole; iminoctadine triacetate; iminoctadine tris(albesilate); iodocarb; ipconazole; iprobenfos; iprodione; iprovalicarb; irumamycin; isoprothiolane; isovaledione; kasugamycin; kresoxim-methyl; mancozeb; maneb; meferimzone; mepanipyrim; mepronil; metalaxyl; metalaxyl-M; metconazole; methasulfocarb; methfuroxam; methyl 1-(2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-1H-inden-1-yl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylate; methyl 2-[[[cyclopropyl[(4-methoxyphenyl)imino]methyl]thio]methyl]-.alpha.-(methoxymethylene)benzeneacetate; methyl 2-[2-[3-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-methyl-allylideneaminooxymethyl]phenyl]-3-methoxyacrylate; metiram; metominostrobin; metrafenone; metsulfovax; mildiomycin; monopotassium carbonate; myclobutanil; myclozolin; nabam, N-(3-ethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexyl)-3-formylamino-2-hydroxybenzamide; N-(6-methoxy-3-pyridinyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide; N-butyl-8-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-3-amine; natamycin; nitrothal-isopropyl; noviflumuron; nuarimol; ofurace; orysastrobin; oxadixyl; oxolinic acid; oxpoconazole; oxycarboxin; oxyfenthiin; paclobutrazol; pefurazoate; penconazole; pencycuron; penthiopyrad; phosdiphen; phthalide; picobenzamid; picoxystrobin; piperalin; polyoxins; polyoxorim; probenazole; prochloraz; procymidone; propamocarb; propanosine-sodium; propiconazole; propineb; proquinazid; prothioconazole; pyraclostrobin; pyrazophos; pyrifenox; pyrimethanil; pyroquilon; pyroxyfur; pyrrolnitrine; quinconazole; quinoxyfen; quintozene; silthiofam; simeconazole; sodium tetrathiocarbonate; spiroxamine; sulfur; tebuconazole; tecloftalam; tecnazene; tetcyclacis; tetraconazole; thiabendazole; thicyofen; thifluzamide; thiophanate-methyl; thiram; tiadinil; tioxymid; toiclofos-methyl; tolylfluanid; triadimefon; triadimenol; triazbutil; triazoxide; tricyclamide; tricyclazole; tridemorph; trifloxystrobin; triflumizole; triforine; triticonazole; uniconazole; validamycin A; vinclozolin; zineb; ziram; zoxamide; (2S)-N-[2-[4-[[3-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-propynyl]oxy]-3-methoxyphenyl]ethyl]-3-methyl-2-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]-butanamide; 1-(1-naphthalenyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione; 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)pyridine; 2,4-dihydro-5-methoxy-2-methyl-4-[[[[1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethylidene]amino]oxy]methyl]phenyl]-3H-1,2,3-triazol-3-one; 2-amino-4-methyl-N-phenyl-5-thiazolecarboxamide; 2-chloro-N-(2,3-dihydro-1,1,3-trimethyl-1H-inden-4-yl)-3-pyridinecarboxamide; 3,4,5-trichloro-2,6-pyridinedicarbonitrile; 3-[(3-bromo-6-fluoro-2-methyl-1H-indol-1-yl)sulfonyl]-N,N-dimethyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-sulfonamide; copper salts and copper preparations, such as Bordeaux mixture; copper hydroxide; copper naphthenate; copper oxychloride; copper sulfate; cufraneb; copper(I) oxide; mancopper; oxine-copper.
  • Preferred fungicides are selected from the group consisting of benalaxyl, bitertanol, bromuconazole, captafol, carbendazim, carpropamid, cyazofamid, cyproconazole, diethofencarb, edifenphos, fenpropimorph, fentine, fluquinconazole, fosetyl, fluoroimide, folpet, iminoctadine, iprodionem, iprovalicarb, kasugamycin, maneb, nabam, pencycuron, prochloraz, propamocarb, propineb, pyrimethanil, spiroxamine, quintozene, tebuconazole, tolylfluanid, triadimefon, triadimenol, trifloxystrobin, zineb. Insecticidal, acaricidal, nematicidal, miticidal and related active compounds are, for example (analogously to the herbicides and fungicides, the compounds are, if possible, referred to by their common names):
  • alanycarb, aldicarb, aldoxycarb, allyxycarb, aminocarb, bendiocarb, benfuracarb, bufencarb, butacarb, butocarboxim, butoxycarboxim, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbosulfan, cloethocarb, dimetilan, ethiofencarb, fenobucarb, fenothiocarb, formetanate, furathiocarb, isoprocarb, metam-sodium, methiocarb, methomyl, metolcarb, oxamyl, pirimicarb, promecarb, propoxur, thiodicarb, thiofanox, trimethacarb, XMC, xylylcarb, acephate, azamethiphos, azinphos (-methyl, -ethyl), bromophos-ethyl, bromfenvinfos (-methyl), butathiofos, cadusafos, carbophenothion, chlorethoxyfos, chlorfenvinphos, chlormephos, chlorpyrifos (-methyl/-ethyl), coumaphos, cyanofenphos, cyanophos, chlorfenvinphos, demeton-S-methyl, demeton-S-methylsulphon, dialifos, diazinon, dichlofenthion, dichlorvos/DDVP, dicrotophos, dimethoate, dimethylvinphos, dioxabenzofos, disulfoton, EPN, ethion, ethoprophos, etrimfos, famphur, fenamiphos, fenitrothion, fensulfothion, fenthion, flupyrazofos, fonofos, formothion, fosmethilan, fosthiazate, heptenophos, iodofenphos, iprobenfos, isazofos, isofenphos, isopropyl O-salicylate, isoxathion, malathion, mecarbam, methacrifos, methamidophos, methidathion, mevinphos, monocrotophos, naled, omethoate, oxydemeton-methyl, parathion (-methyl/-ethyl), phenthoate, phorate, phosalone, phosmet, phosphamidon, phosphocarb, phoxim, pirimiphos (-methyl/-ethyl), profenofos, propaphos, propetamphos, prothiofos, prothoate, pyraclofos, pyridaphenthion, pyridathion, quinalphos, sebufos, sulfotep, sulprofos, tebupirimfos, temephos, terbufos, tetrachlorvinphos, thiometon, triazophos, triclorfon, vamidothion, acrinathrin, allethrin (d-cis-trans, d-trans), beta-cyfluthrin, bifenthrin, bioallethrin, bioallethrin-S-cyclopentyl-isomer, bioethanomethrin, biopermethrin, bioresmethrin, chlovaporthrin, cis-cypermethrin, cis-resmethrin, cis-permethrin, clocythrin, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, cypermethrin (alpha-, beta-, theta-, zeta-), cyphenothrin, deltamethrin, empenthrin (1R-isomer), esfenvalerate, etofenprox, fenfluthrin, fenpropathrin, fenpyrithrin, fenvalerate, flubrocythrinate, flucythrinate, flufenprox, flumethrin, fluvalinate, fubfenprox, gamma-cyhalothrin, imiprothrin, kadethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, metofluthrin, permethrin (cis-, trans-), phenothrin (1R-trans isomer), prallethrin, profluthrin, protrifenbute, pyresmethrin, resmethrin, RU 15525, silafluofen, taufluvalinate, tefluthrin, terallethrin, tetramethrin (-1R-isomer), tralomethrin, transfluthrin, ZXI 8901, pyrethrins (pyrethrum), DDT, indoxacarb, acetamiprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, nithiazine, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, nicotine, bensultap, cartap, camphechlor, chlordane, endosulfan, gamma-HCH, HCH, heptachlor, lindane, methoxychlor spinosad, acetoprole, ethiprole, fipronil, vaniliprole, avermectin, emamectin, emamectin-benzoate, ivermectin, milbemycin, diofenolan, epofenonane, fenoxycarb, hydroprene, kinoprene, methoprene, pyriproxifen, triprene, chromafenozide, halofenozide, methoxyfenozide, tebufenozide, bistrifluron, chlofluazuron, diflubenzuron, fluazuron, flucycloxuron, flufenoxuron, hexaflumuron, lufenuron, novaluron, noviflumuron, penfluron, teflubenzuron, triflumuron, buprofezin, cyromazine, diafenthiuron, azocyclotin, cyhexatin, fenbutatin-oxide, chlorfenapyr, binapacyrl, dinobuton, dinocap, DNOC, fenazaquin, fenpyroximate, pyrimidifen, pyridaben, tebufenpyrad, tolfenpyrad, hydramethylnon, dicofol, rotenone, acequinocyl, fluacrypyrim, Bacillus thuringiensis strains, spirodiclofen, spiromesifen, 3-(2,5-dimethylphenyl)-8-methoxy-2-oxo-1-azaspiro[4.5]dec-3-en-4-yl ethyl carbonate (alias: carbonic acid, 3-(2,5-dimethylphenyl)-8-methoxy-2-oxo-1-azaspiro[4.5]dec-3-en-4-yl ethyl ester, CAS-Reg.-No.: 382608-10-8) and carbonic acid, cis-3-(2,5-dimethylphenyl)-8-methoxy-2-oxo-1-azaspiro[4.5]dec-3-en-4-yl ethyl ester (CAS-Reg.-No.: 203313-25-1), flonicamid, amitraz, propargite, N2-[1,1-dimethyl-2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl]-3-iodo-N1-[2-methyl-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl]-1,2-benzenedicarboxamide (CAS-Reg.-No.: 272451-65-7), thiocyclam hydrogen oxalate, thiosultap-sodium, azadirachtin, Bacillus spec., Beauveria spec., codlemone, Metarrhizium spec., Paecilomyces spec., thuringiensin, Verticillium spec., aluminum phosphide, methyl bromide, sulfuryl fluoride, cryolite, flonicamid, pymetrozine, clofentezine, etoxazole, hexythiazox, amidoflumet, benclothiaz, benzoximate, bifenazate, bromopropylate, buprofezin, chinomethionat, chlordimeform, chlorobenzilate, chloropicrin, clothiazoben, cycloprene, dicyclanil, fenoxacrim, fentrifanil, flubenzimine, flufenerim, flutenzin, gossyplure, hydramethylnone, japonilure, metoxadiazone, petroleum, piperonyl butoxide, potassium oleate, pyridalyl, sulfluramid, tetradifon, tetrasul, triarathene, verbutin.
  • Insecticides which may preferably be used together with the herbicides are, for example, the following:
  • acetamiprid, acrinathrin, aldicarb, amitraz, acinphos-methyl, cyfluthrin, carbaryl, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, endosulfan, ethoprophos, fenamiphos, fenthion, fipronil, imidacloprid, methamidophos, methiocarb, niclosamide, oxydemeton-methyl, prothiophos, silafluofen, thiacloprid, thiodicarb, tralomethrin, triazophos, trichlorfon, triflumuron, terbufos, fonofos, phorate, chlorpyriphos, carbofuran, tefluthrin.
  • The active compound combinations according to the invention are suitable for controlling a broad spectrum of weeds on non-crop land, on paths, rail tracks, industrial terrain (“industrial weed control”) or in plantation crops, such as moderate, subtropical and tropical climates or geographies. Examples of plantation crops are oil palms, nuts (for example almonds, hazelnuts, walnuts, macadamia), coconut, berries, oil palms, rubber tree, citrus (for example orange, lemon, mandarin), bananas, pineapples, cotton, sugarcane, tea, coffee, cacao and the like. They are also suitable for use in the cultivation of fruits (for example pome fruit, such as apple, pear, cherry, mango, kiwi) and viticulture. The compositions can also be used for preparing the soil for sowing (“burn-down” “no-till” or “zero-till” method) or for treatment after harvest (“chemical fallow”). Potential applications of the active compound combinations extend to weed control in tree crops, for example young Christmas tree crops or eucalyptus plantations, in each case prior to planting or after transplanting (also by over-top treatment).
  • The compositions can also be used in selective crops of economically important crops, such as cereals (wheat, barley, rye), corn, rice, sugarbeet, sugarcane, oil seed rape, cotton and soybean. When using the active compounds (A) and (B) in crop plants such as cereals and corn, it may, depending on the crop plant, be expedient to apply a safener above certain application rates to prevent or reduce damage to the crop plant.
  • The multiple combinations according to the invention (=herbicidal compositions) are synergistically effective with respect to herbicide action and selectivity and have a favorable action with a view to the weed spectrum. They have excellent herbicidal activity against a broad spectrum of economically important monocotyledonous or dicotyledonous harmful plants. The active compounds even act efficiently on perennial weeds which produce shoots from rhizomes, root stocks or other perennial organs and which are difficult to control. In this context, it does not matter whether the substances are applied before sowing, pre-emergence or post-emergence. Application by the early post-sowing pre-emergence method or by the post-emergence method of plantation crops against harmful plants which have not yet emerged or which have already emerged is preferred. The application may also be integrated into weed management systems with repeat split applications (sequence applications, sequentials).
  • Specifically, examples may be mentioned of some representatives of the monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous weed flora which can be controlled by the active compound combinations according to the invention, without the enumeration being a restriction to certain species.
  • From among the monocotyledonous weed species, for example, the compositions control Agrostis, Alopecurus, Apera, Avena, Brachicaria, Bromus, Dactyloctenium, Digitaria, Echinochloa, Eleocharis, Eleusine, Festuca, Fimbristylis, Ischaemum, Lolium, Monochoria, Panicum, Paspalum, Phalaris, Phleum, Poa, Sagittaria, Scirpus, Setaria, Sphenoclea and Cyperus species from the annual group and, from the perennial weeds, Agropyron, Cynodon, Imperata and Sorghum, and also perennial Cyperus species.
  • In the case of dicotyledonous weed species, the activity spectrum extends to species such as, for example, Galium, Viola, Veronica, Lamium, Stellaria, Amaranthus, Sinapis, Ipomoea, Matricaria, Abutilon and Sida from the annual and Convolvulus, Cirsium, Rumex and Artemisia from the perennial weeds.
  • A herbicidal action is also observed against dicotyledonous harmful plants, such as Ambrosia, Anthemis, Carduus, Centaurea, Chenopodium, Datura, Emex, Galeopsis, Galinsoga, Kochia, Lepidium, Lindernia, Papaver, Portlaca, Polygonum, Ranunculus, Rorippa, Rotala, Seneceio, Sesbania, Solanum, Sonchus, Taraxacum, Trifolium, Urtica and Xanthium.
  • If the active compound combinations according to the invention are applied to the soil surface before germination, then the weed seedlings are either prevented completely from emerging, or the weeds grow until they have reached the cotyledonous stage but then their growth stops, and, eventually, after three to four weeks have elapsed, they die completely.
  • If the active compounds are applied post-emergence to the green parts of the plants, growth likewise stops drastically a very short time after the treatment and the weed plants remain at the growth stage of the point of time of application, or they die completely after a certain time, so that in this manner competition by the weeds, which is harmful to the crop plants, is eliminated at a very early point in time and in a sustained manner.
  • The herbicidal compositions according to the invention are distinguished by a rapidly commencing and long-lasting herbicidal action. As a rule, the rain fastness of the active compounds in the combinations according to the invention is advantageous. A particular advantage is that the dosages of compounds (A) and (B), which are used in the combinations and are effective, can be adjusted to such a low quantity that their soil action is optimally low. Not only does this allow them to be employed in sensitive crops in the first place, but ground water contaminations are virtually avoided. The combination according to the invention of active compounds allows the application rate of the active compounds required to be reduced considerably.
  • When herbicides of type (A)+(B) are used jointly superadditive (=synergistic) effects are observed. This means that the activity of the combinations exceeds the expected total of the activities of the individual herbicides employed. The synergistic effects allow the application rate to be reduced, a broader spectrum of broad-leaf weeds and grass weeds to be controlled, a more rapid onset of the herbicidal action, a longer duration of action, a better control of the harmful plants using only one, or few, application(s), and the possible application period to be extended. In some cases, by using the compositions, the amount of harmful ingredients, such as nitrogen or oleic acid, and their introduction into the soil are reduced, too. The identified properties and advantages are of benefit for weed control practice to keep agricultural crops free from undesired competing plants and thus to safeguard and/or increase the quality and quantity of the yields. These novel combinations markedly exceed the technical state of the art with a view to the properties described.
  • While the combinations according to the invention have an outstanding herbicidal activity against monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous weeds, crop plants are damaged only to a minor extent, if at all.
  • Some of the compositions according to the invention additionally have outstanding growth-regulatory properties in crop plants. They engage in a plant's metabolism in a regulatory fashion and can thus be employed for targeted influencing of plant constituents and for facilitating harvesting, such as, for example, by triggering desiccation and stunted growth. Moreover, they are also suitable for generally controlling and inhibiting unwanted vegetative growth without destroying the plants in the process. Inhibiting the vegetative growth plays an important role in many monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous crops, allowing lodging to be reduced or prevented completely.
  • On account of their herbicidal and plant growth-regulatory properties, the compositions can also be employed for controlling harmful plants in crops of known genetically modified plants or genetically modified plants yet to be developed. As a rule, the transgenic plants are distinguished by particularly advantageous properties, in addition to resistances to the compositions according to the invention, for example by resistances to plant diseases or plant pathogens, such as certain insects or microorganisms such as fungi, bacteria or viruses. Other particular properties relate, for example, to the harvested material with respect to quantity, quality, storability, composition and specific constituents. Thus, transgenic plants with an increased starch content or in which the quality of the starch is altered, or those having a different fatty acid composition of the harvested material, are known.
  • Traditional ways of generating novel plants which have modified characteristics in comparison with existing plants consist, for example, in traditional breeding methods and the generation of mutants. Alternatively, novel plants with modified characteristics can be generated using recombinant procedures (see, for example, EP-A-0221044, EP-A-0131624). For example, a number of cases have been described of
      • recombinant modifications of crop plants for the purpose of modifying the starch synthesized in the plants (for example WO 92/11376, WO 92/14827, WO 91/19806),
      • transgenic crop plants which are resistant to other herbicides, for example to sulfonylureas (EP-A-0257993, U.S. Pat. No. 5,013,659),
      • transgenic crop plants, with the capability of producing Bacillus thuringiensis toxins (Bt toxins) which make the plants resistant to certain pests (EP-A-0142924, EP-A-0193259),
      • transgenic crop plants having a modified fatty acid composition (WO 91/13972).
  • A large number of molecular-biological techniques with which novel transgenic plants with modified properties can be generated are known in principle; see, for example, Sambrook et al., 1989, Molecular Cloning, A Laboratory Manual, 2nd Ed., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.; or Winnacker “Gene und Klone” [Genes and Clones], VCH Weinheim 2nd Edition 1996 or Christou, “Trends in Plant Science” 1 (1996) 423-431).
  • To carry out such recombinant manipulations, nucleic acid molecules which permit a mutagenesis or a sequence modification by recombination of DNA sequences can be introduced into plasmids. For example, it is possible with the aid of the abovementioned standard methods to carry out base exchanges, to remove subsequences or to add natural or synthetic sequences. Adapters or linkers may be added in order to link the DNA fragments to each other.
  • For example, plant cells with a reduced activity of a gene product can successfully be generated by expressing at least one suitable antisense RNA, a sense RNA to achieve a cosuppression effect or by expressing at least one suitably constructed ribozyme which specifically cleaves transcripts of the abovementioned gene product.
  • To this end, it is possible to use firstly DNA molecules which encompass all of the coding sequence of a gene product including any flanking sequences which may be present and secondly DNA molecules which only encompass parts of the coding sequence, it being necessary for these parts to be of sufficient length to cause an antisense effect in the cells. Also possible is the use of DNA sequences which have a high degree of homology with the coding sequences of a gene product which are not entirely identical thereto.
  • When expressing nucleic acid molecules in plants, the protein synthesized may be localized in any compartment of the plant cell. However, to achieve localization in a particular compartment, it is possible for example to link the coding region with DNA sequences which guarantee localization in a certain compartment. Sequences of this type are known to the person skilled in the art, (see, for example, Braun et al., EMBO J. 11 (1992), 3219-3227; Wolter et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85 (1988), 846-850; Sonnewald et al., Plant J.1 (1991), 95-106).
  • The transgenic plant cells can be regenerated by known techniques to give intact plants. In principle, the transgenic plants can be plants of any desired plant species, i.e. both monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants. Transgenic plants are thus obtainable which have modified properties as a result of overexpression, suppression or inhibition of homologous (=natural) genes or gene sequences, or expression of heterologous (=foreign) genes or gene sequences.
  • Accordingly, the invention also provides a method for controlling unwanted vegetation, preferably on non-crop land or in plantation crops, wherein one or more herbicides of type (A) and one or more herbicides of type (B) are applied to the harmful plants, to parts of plants or plant seeds thereof, or to the area under cultivation.
  • The invention also provides the use of the novel combinations of compounds (A)+(B) for controlling harmful plants, preferably on non-crop land and in plantation crops.
  • The active compound combinations according to the invention can also be present as mixed formulations of the two components, if appropriate with further active compounds, additives and/or customary formulation auxiliaries, which are then applied in a customary manner diluted with water, or are produced as tank mixes by joint dilution of the separately formulated or partially separately formulated components with water.
  • The compounds (A) and (B) or their combinations can be formulated in various ways, depending on the prevailing biological and/or chemico-physical parameters. Examples of suitable formulations which are possible are: wettable powders (WP), emulsifiable concentrates (EC), aqueous solutions (SL), emulsions (EW), such as oil-in-water and water-in-oil emulsions, sprayable solutions or emulsions, oil- or water-based dispersions, oil dispersions (OD), suspoemulsions, suspension concentrates (SC), dusts (DP), seed-dressing products, granules for spreading and soil application or water-dispersible granules (WG), ULV formulations, microcapsules and waxes.
  • The individual formulation types are known in principle and are described, for example, in Winnacker-Küchler, “Chemische Technologie” [Chemical Engineering], Volume 7, C. HanserVerlag Munich, 4th Ed. 1986, van Valkenburg, “Pesticide Formulations”, Marcel Dekker, N.Y., 1973; K. Martens, “Spray Drying” Handbook, 3rd Ed. 1979, G. Goodwin Ltd. London.
  • The formulation auxiliaries required, such as inert materials, surfactants, solvents and further additives, are likewise known and are described, for example, in: Watkins, “Handbook of Insecticide Dust Diluents and Carriers”, 2nd Ed., Darland Books, Caldwell N.J., H. v. Olphen, “Introduction to Clay Colloid Chemistry”; 2nd Ed., J. Wiley & Sons, N.Y.; Marsden, “Solvents Guide”; 2nd Ed., Interscience, N.Y. 1950; McCutcheon's “Detergents and Emulsifiers Annual”, MC Publ. Corp., Ridgewood N.J.; Sisley and Wood, “Encyclopedia of Surface Active Agents”, Chem. Publ. Co. Inc., N.Y. 1964; Schonfeldt, “Grenzflächenaktive Äthylenoxidaddukte” [Surface-active ethylene oxide adducts], Wiss. Verlagsgesell., Stuttgart 1976; Winnacker-Küchler, “Chemische Technologie”, Volume 7, C. Hanser Verlag Munich, 4th Ed. 1986.
  • Based on these formulations, it is also possible to prepare combinations with other pesticidally active compounds such as other herbicides, fungicides or insecticides, and with safeners, fertilizers and/or growth regulators, for example in the form of a readymix or a tank mix.
  • Wettable powders are preparations which are uniformly dispersible in water and which, in addition to the active compound, also contain ionic and/or nonionic surfactants (wetters, dispersants), for example polyoxyethylated alkylphenols, polyoxyethylated fatty alcohols, polyoxyethylated fatty amines, alkanesulfonates, alkylbenzenesulfonates, sodium lignosulfonate, sodium 2,2′-dinaphthylmethane-6,6′-disulfonate, sodium dibutylnaphthalenesulfonate or else sodium oleoylmethyltaurate, in addition to a diluent or inert substance.
  • Emulsifiable concentrates are prepared by dissolving the active compound in an organic solvent, e.g. butanol, cyclohexanone, dimethylformamide, xylene or else higher-boiling aromatics or hydrocarbons with addition of one or more ionic and/or nonionic surfactants (emulsifiers). Examples of emulsifiers which can be used are: calcium alkylarylsulfonates such as calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, or nonionic emulsifiers such as fatty acid polyglycol esters, alkylaryl polyglycol ethers, fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers, propylene oxide/ethylene oxide condensates, alkyl polyethers, sorbitan fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters or polyoxyethylene sorbitan esters.
  • Dusts are obtained by grinding the active compound with finely divided solid materials, for example talc, natural clays such as kaolin, bentonite and pyrophyllite, or diatomaceous earth.
  • Granules can be prepared either by spraying the active compound onto adsorptive, granulated inert material or by applying active compound concentrates to the surface of carriers such as sand, kaolinites or granulated inert material with the aid of stickers, for example polyvinyl alcohol, sodium polyacrylate or else mineral oils. Suitable active compounds can also be granulated in the fashion which is conventional for the production of fertilizer granules, if desired as a mixture with fertilizers. Water-dispersible granules are generally prepared by customary methods such as spray drying, fluidized-bed granulation, disk granulation, mixing with high-speed stirrers and extrusion without solid inert material.
  • As a rule, the agrochemical preparations comprise 0.1 to 99% by weight, in particular 2 to 95% by weight, of active compounds of types A and/or B, the following concentrations being customary depending on the type of formulation. In wettable powders, the active compound concentration is, for example, approximately 10 to 95% by weight, the remainder to 100% by weight being composed of customary formulation constituents. In the case of emulsifiable concentrates, the active compound concentration can amount to, for example, 5 to 80% by weight. Formulations in the form of dusts comprise in most cases 5 to 20% by weight of active compound, and sprayable solutions comprise approximately 0.2 to 25% by weight of active compound.
  • In the case of water-dispersible granules, the active compound content depends partly on whether the active compound is in liquid or solid form and on the granulation auxiliaries and fillers which are being used. In the case of the water-dispersible granules, the active compound content is generally between 10 and 90% by weight.
  • In addition, the active compound formulations mentioned comprise, if appropriate, the auxiliaries which are conventional in each case, such as stickers, wetters, dispersants, emulsifiers, preservatives, antifreeze agents, solvents, fillers, carriers, colorants, antifoams, evaporation inhibitors, and pH and viscosity regulators.
  • For use, the formulations, which are present in commercially available form, are optionally diluted in the customary manner, for example using water in the case of wettable powders, emulsifiable concentrates, dispersions and water-dispersible granules. Preparations in the form of dusts, soil granules, granules for broadcasting and sprayable solutions are usually not diluted further with other inert substances prior to use.
  • The active compounds can be applied to the plants, parts of the plants, seeds of the plants or the area under cultivation (soil of a field), preferably to the green plants and parts of the plants and, if appropriate, additionally to the soil of the field.
  • One possible use is the joint application of the active compounds in the form of tank mixes, the concentrated formulations of the individual active compounds, in optical formulations, jointly being mixed with water in the tank and the resulting spray mixture being applied.
  • A joint herbicidal formulation of the combination according to the invention of the active compounds (A) and (B) has the advantage of being easier to apply since the quantities of the components are already presented in the correct ratio to each other. Moreover, the adjuvants in the formulation can be matched optimally to each other, whereas a tank mix of different formulations may result in undesirable combinations of adjuvants.
    • A. General Formulation Examples
  • a) A dust is obtained by mixing 10 parts by weight of an active compound/active compound mixture and 90 parts by weight of talc as inert material and comminuting the mixture in a hammer mill.
  • b) A wettable powder which is readily dispersible in water is obtained by mixing 25 parts by weight of an active compound/active compound mixture, 64 parts by weight of kaolin-containing quartz as inert material, 10 parts by weight of potassium lignosulfonate and 1 part by weight of sodium oleoylmethyltaurinate as wetter and dispersant, and grinding the mixture in a pinned-disk mill.
  • c) A dispersion concentrate which is readily dispersible in water is obtained by mixing 20 parts by weight of an active compound/active compound mixture with 6 parts by weight of alkylphenol polyglycol ether (®Triton X 207), 3 parts by weight of isotridecanol polyglycol ether (8 EO) and 71 parts by weight of paraffinic mineral oil (boiling range for example approx. 255 to 277° C.), and grinding the mixture in a ball mill to a fineness of below 5 microns.
  • d) An emulsifiable concentrate is obtained from 15 parts by weight of an active compound/active compound mixture, 75 parts by weight of cyclohexanone as solvent and 10 parts by weight of oxethylated nonylphenol as emulsifier.
  • e) Water-dispersible granules are obtained by mixing
      • 75 parts by weight of an active compound/active compound mixture,
      • 10 parts by weight of calcium lignosulfonate,
      • 5 parts by weight of sodium lauryl sulfate,
      • 3 parts by weight of polyvinyl alcohol and
      • 7 parts by weight of kaolin,
      • grinding the mixture on a pinned-disk mill and granulating the powder in a fluidized bed by spraying on water as granulation liquid.
  • f) Water-dispersible granules are also obtained by homogenizing and precomminuting, in a colloid mill,
      • 25 parts by weight of an active compound/active compound mixture,
      • 5 parts by weight of sodium 2,2′-dinaphthylmethane-6,6′-disulfonate,
      • 2 parts by weight of sodium oleoylmethyltaurinate,
      • 1 part by weight of polyvinyl alcohol,
      • 17 parts by weight of calcium carbonate and
      • 50 parts by weight of water,
      • subsequently grinding the mixture in a bead mill and atomizing and drying the resulting suspension in a spray tower by means of a single-substance nozzle.
    B. Biological Examples 1. Pre-emergence Herbicidal Action
  • Seeds or rhizome pieces of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous harmful plants are placed in sandy loam in pots and covered with soil. The compositions, formulated as concentrated aqueous solutions, wettable powders or emulsion concentrates, are then applied to the surface of the covering soil as an aqueous solution, suspension or emulsion at an application rate of 300 to 800 1 of water/ha (converted) in a variety of dosages. After the treatment, the pots are placed in a greenhouse and kept under good growth conditions for the weeds. Visual scoring of plant or emergence damage is carried out after the test plants have emerged after an experimental period of 3 to 4 weeks in comparison with untreated controls. As demonstrated by the test results, the compositions according to the invention have an outstanding pre-emergence herbicidal action against a broad spectrum of weed grasses and broad-leaf weeds.
  • Scoring and assessing of the synergistic herbicidal effects:
  • The herbicidal efficacy of the active compounds or active compound mixtures was scored visually by comparing the treated pots (soil) with untreated controls. The damage and development of all above-ground plant parts was recorded. Scoring was done on a percentage scale (100% action=all plants dead or not emerged; 50% action=50% of the plants and green plant parts dead or not emerged; 0% action=no discernible action=like control plot). The score figures of in any case 4 repetitions (pots) were averaged.
  • When applying the combinations according to the invention, herbicidal effects are frequently observed on a harmful plant species which exceed the formal total of the effects of the herbicides present when these are applied by themselves. Alternatively, it is observed in some cases that a lower application rate is required for the herbicide combination in order to achieve the same effect on a harmful plant species in comparison with the individual products. Such increases in action or efficacy, or reduced application rates, strongly suggest a synergistic effect. When the data observed already exceed the formal total of the data in the experiments with individual applications, they likewise exceed the expected value according to Colby, which is calculated using the formula below and is likewise regarded as an indication of synergism (cf. S. R. Colby; in Weeds 15 (1967) pp. 20 to 22):
    E=A+B−(A−B/100)
  • In this formula:
      • A=action of active compound (A) in % at an application rate of a g of AS/ha;
      • B=action of active compound (B) in % at an application rate of b g of AS/ha;
      • E=expected value of the action of the combination (A)+(B) in % at the combined application rate a+b g of AS/ha.
  • The data observed in the experiments show, at suitably low dosages, an action of the combinations which exceeds the expected values according to Colby.
    • 2. Post-emergence Herbicidal Action
  • Seeds or rhizome pieces of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous weeds are placed in sandy loam in pots, covered with soil and grown in the greenhouse under good growth conditions (temperature, atmospheric humidity, water supply). Three weeks after sowing, the test plants are treated in the three-leaf stage with the compositions according to the invention. The compositions according to the invention, formulated as wettable powders or emulsion concentrates, are sprayed onto the green plant parts in various dosages using an application rate of 300 to 800 l of water/ha (converted). After the test plants have remained in the greenhouse under optimum growth conditions for about 3 to 4 weeks, the effect of the preparations is scored visually in comparison with untreated controls (scoring as in Example 1). The compositions according to the invention also have good herbicidal post-emergence action against a broad spectrum of economically important weed grasses and broad-leaf weeds.
  • Here, effects of the combinations according to the invention are frequently observed which exceed the formal total of the effects of the herbicides when these are applied by themselves. The observed values for the tests show, at suitably low dosages, an effect of the combinations which exceeds the expected values according to Colby (cf. scoring in Example 1).
    • 3. Pre- and Post-emergence Herbicidal Action (Outdoor Trials)
  • Corresponding to the greenhouse experiments of sections 1 and 2, the tests were carried out in the open on plots. Scoring was carried out analogously to the tests in sections 1 and 2.
    • 4. Herbicidal Action and Crop Plant Tolerance (Outdoor Trials)
  • Crop plants were grown in the open on plots under natural outdoor conditions, and seeds or rhizome pieces of typical harmful plants were laid out or the natural weed growth was utilized. Treatment with the compositions according to the invention was carried out after the harmful plants had emerged and the crop plants were, generally, at the 2- to 4-leaf stage; in some cases (as stated), application of individual active compounds or active compound combinations was carried out pre-emergence or as a sequential treatment partly pre-emergence and/or post-emergence.
  • In the case of plantation crops, it was generally only the soil between the individual crop plants that was treated with the active compounds.
  • After the application, for example 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks after application, the effect of the preparations was scored visually by comparison with untreated controls (cf. scoring in Example 1). In the outdoor trial as well, the compositions according to the invention have synergistic herbicidal activity against a broad spectrum of economically important weed grasses and broad-leaf weeds. The comparison showed that the combinations according to the invention in most cases have a higher, in some cases a considerably higher, herbicidal activity than the total of the activities of the individual herbicides, thus indicating synergism. Moreover, the effects in essential phases of the scoring period were above the expected values according to Colby (cf. scoring in Example 1), also indicating synergism. In contrast, the crop plants were, as a consequence of the treatments with the herbicidal compositions, damaged only to a small degree, if at all.
    • 5. Specific Test Examples
  • The following abbreviations are used in the description and the tables below: g of AS/ha=grams of active substance (=100% active compound) per hectare; the total of the activities of the individual applications is given as EA; the expected values according to Colby are in each case given as EC;
    • Example 5.1
  • Certain combinations were tested for their herbicidal activity in accordance to the general example in section 3 in combination with section 2 (post-emergence method). The results are summarized in Table 2.
    TABLE 2
    Herbicidal action
    Active Application rate [%] against
    compound(s) [g of AS/ha] Poa trivialis Festuca rubra
    (A11) 200 0 0
    (B2.1.1.1) 600 88 87
    (A11) + (B2.1.1.1) 200 + 600 94 95
    (EA = 88, (EA = 87,
    EC = 88) EC = 87)

    Abbreviations in Table 2:

    Conditions: Outdoor trial, Application at stage 21 (Beginning of stocking) of the harmful plants, evaluation 35 days after treatment

    (A11) = Compound (A11) from Table 1 (compound (A)) = 2-amino-4-[(1R)-6-methylindan-1-ylamino]-6-[(1R)-1-fluoroethyl]-1,3,5-triazine

    (B2.1.1.1) = Glufosinate-ammonium
    • Example 5.2
  • Certain combinations were tested for their herbicidal activity in accordance to the general example in section 3 in combination with section 2 (post-emergence method). The results are summarized in Table 3.
    TABLE 3
    Active Application rate Herbicidal action [%] against
    compound(s) [g of AS/ha] Lolium multiflorum
    (A11)  200 20
     300 50
    (B2.1.2.1) 1080 18
    (A11) + (B2.1.2.1) 200 + 1080 88
    (EA = 38, EC = 35)

    Abbreviations in Table 3:

    Conditions: Outdoor trial,

    Application at the 2-5-leaf stage (post-emergence) of the harmful plants, evaluation 55 days after treatment

    (A11) '2 Compound (A11) from Table 1 (compound (A)) = 2-amino-4-[(1R)-6-methylindan-1-ylamino]-6-[(1R)-1-fluorethyl]-1,3,5-triazine

    (B2.1.2.1) = Glyphosate-isopropylammonium

Claims (9)

1. A herbicide combination comprising an effective amount of components (A) and (B), where
component (A) is one or more herbicides of the formula (I) or salts thereof
[herbicides (A)]
Figure US20060014642A1-20060119-C00132
in which
R1 is H or a group of the formula CZ1Z2Z3, where
Z1 is H, halogen, (C1-C6)-alkyl, (C1-C6)-haloalkyl, [(C1-C4)-alkoxy]-(C1-C6)-alkyl, (C3-C6)-cycloalkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more radicals selected from the group consisting of halogen, (C1-C4)-alkyl and (C1-C4)-haloalkyl, or is (C2-C6)-alkenyl, (C2-C6)-alkynyl, (C2-C6)-haloalkenyl, (C4-C6)-cycloalkenyl, (C4-C6)-halocycloalkenyl, (C1-C6)-alkoxy or (C1-C6)-haloalkoxy,
Z2 is H, halogen, (C1-C6)-alkyl or (C1-C4)-alkoxy; or
Z1 and Z2 together with the carbon atom of the group CZ1Z2Z3 are a (C3-C6)-cycloalkyl radical or (C4-C6)-cycloalkenyl radical, where each of the two last-mentioned radicals is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more radicals selected from the group consisting of (C1-C4)-alkyl, and
Z3 is H, (C1-C6)-alkyl, (C1-C4)-alkoxy or halogen,
R2 and R3 are each independently of one another H, (C1-C4)-alkyl, (C1-C4)-haloalkyl, (C3-C4)-alkenyl, (C3-C4)-haloalkenyl, (C3-C4)-alkynyl, (C3-C4)-haloalkynyl or an acyl radical,
R4 is H, (C1-C6)-alkyl or (C1-C6)-alkoxy,
R5, R6, R7 and R8 are each independently of one another H, (C1-C4)-alkyl, (C1-C3)-haloalkyl, halogen, (C1-C3)-alkoxy, (C1-C3)-haloalkoxy or cyano and
A is a divalent group of the formula CH2 or O or a direct bond,
and
component (B) is one or more herbicides (B) which are structurally different from the herbicides (A) present in each case, selected from the group of compounds consisting of
(B1) soil-acting herbicides particularly suitable for pre-emergence application against monocotyledonous or dicotyledonous harmful plants,
(B2) foliar-acting herbicides particularly suitable for post-emergence application against monocotyledonous or dicotyledonous harmful plants, and
(B3) soil-acting and foliar-acting herbicides suitable for pre- or post-emergence application against monocotyledonous or dicotyledonous harmful plants.
2. The herbicide combination as claimed in claim 1 wherein
R1 is H or a group of the formula CZ1Z2Z3 in which
Z1 is H, halogen, (C1-C4)-alkyl, (C1-C4)-haloalkyl, [(C1-C4)-alkoxy]-(C1-C6)-alkyl, (C3-C6)-cycloalkyl, which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more radicals selected from the group consisting of (C1-C4)-alkyl, or is (C2-C4)-alkenyl, (C2-C4)-alkynyl, (C1-C4)-alkoxy or (C1-C4)-haloalkoxy;
Z2 is H, halogen or (C1-C4)-alkyl, or
Z1 and Z2 together with the carbon atom attached to the radicals are a (C3-C6)-cycloalkyl radical and
Z3 is H, (C1-C4)-alkyl, (C1-C2)-alkoxy or halogen,
R2 is H, (C1-C4)-alkyl, (C1-C4)-haloalkyl, (C3-C4)-alkenyl, (C3-C4)-haloalkenyl, (C3-C4)-alkynyl, (C3-C4)-haloalkynyl or an acyl radical having 1 to 12 carbon atoms,
R3 is H, (C1-C4)-alkyl or (C1-C4)-haloalkyl,
R4 is H, (C1-C3)-alkyl or (C1-C3)-alkoxy;
R5, R6, R7 and R8 are each independently of one another H, (C1-C3)-alkyl, halogen, (C1-C3)-alkoxy,
A is a divalent group of the formula CH2 or O or a direct bond, preferably CH2 or a direct bond, in particular a direct bond.
3. The herbicide combination as claimed in claim 1 wherein component (B) is one or more herbicides (B) which are structurally different from the herbicides (A) present in each case, selected from the group of compounds consisting of
(B1.1.1) tebuthiuron,
(B1.1.2) sulfometuron(-methyl),
(B1.1.3) flumioxazine,
(B1.1.4) simazine,
(B1.1.5) dichlobenil,
(B1.1.6) trifluralin,
(B1.1.7) pendimethalin,
(B1.1.8) oxadiargyl,
(B1.1.9) thiazopyr,
(B1.1.10) oryzalin,
(B1.1.11) propyzamide,
(B1.1.12) terbacil,
(B1.2.1) isoxaben,
(B1.2.2) flazasulfuron,
(B2.1.1) glufosinate and its salts,
(B2.1.1.4) bilanafos and its salts,
(B2.1.2) glyphosate and its salts,
(B2.1.3) sulfosate,
(B2.1.4) methylarsonic acid and its salts,
(B2.1.5) foramsulfuron,
(B2.1.6) iodosulfuron and its esters and salts,
(B2.1.7) amicarbazone,
(B2.1.8) propoxycarbazone and its salts,
(B2.1.9) metribuzin,
(B2.1.10) metsulfuron and its esters and salts,
(B2.1.11) naproanilide,
(B2.1.12) imazapyr and its salts,
(B2.1.13) paraquat salts,
(B2.1.14) diquat salts,
(B2.2.1) 2,4-D and its esters and salts,
(B2.2.2) dicamba and its salts,
(B2.2.3) triclopyr and its salts and esters,
(B2.2.4) diflufenzopyr and its salts and esters,
(B2.2.5) fluroxypyr and its salts and esters,
(B2.2.6) thifensulfuron-methyl,
(B2.2.7) amidosulfuron and its salts,
(B2.2.8) tribenuron and its esters and salts,
(B2.2.9) triasulfuron,
(B2.2.10) picloram and its esters and salts,
(B2.2.11) carfentrazone and its esters and salts,
(B2.2.12) clopyralid and its esters and salts,
(B2.2.13) butafenacil,
(B2.2.14) amitrole,
(B2.3.1) quinclorac,
(B3.1.1) oxyfluorfen,
(B3.1.2) diuron,
(B3.1.3) bromacil,
(B3.1.4) norflurazon,
(B3.1.5) azafenidin,
(B3.1.6) chlorsulfuron,
(B3.1.7) imazapic,
(B3.1.8) oxadiazon,
(B3.1.9) diflufenican,
(B3.1.10) ametryn,
(B3.1.11) rimsulfuron and its salts,
(B3.1.12) trifloxysulfuron and its salts,
(B3.1.13) nicosulfuron and its salts,
(B3.1.14) asulam and its salts,
(B3.1.15) isoxaflutole
(B3.2.1) hexazinone,
(B3.2.2) sulfentrazone and
(B3.2.3) prometon.
4. The herbicide combination as claimed in claim 1, which comprises, as component (B), one or more active compounds selected from the group consisting of simazine (B1.1.4), pendimethalin (B1.1.7), oxadiargyl (B1.1.8), isoxaben (B1.2.1), foramsulfuron (B2.1.5), iodosulfuron (B2.1.6), iodosulfuron-methyl sodium salt (B2.1.6.2), amicarbazone (B2.1.7), propoxycarbazone (B2.1.8), propoxycarbazone sodium salt (B2.1.8.1), metribuzine (B2.1.9), glufosinate (B2.1.1), glufosinateammonium (B2.1.1.1), glyphosate (B2.1.2), glyphosate-isopropylammonium (B2.1.2.1), sulfosate (B2.1.3), metsulfuron (B2.1.10), metsulfuron-methyl (B2.1.10.1), imazapyr (B2.1.12), imazapyr acid (B2.1.12.1), imazapyrisopropylammonium (B2.1.12.2), paraquat (B2.1.13), paraquat dichloride (B2.1.13.1), triclopyr (B2.2.3), triclopyr acid (B2.2.3.1), triclopyr-triethylammonium salt (B2.2.3.2), triclopyr-butotyl ester (B2.2.3.3), amidosulfuron (B2.2.7), amitrole (B2.2.14), diuron (B3.2), oxyfluorfen (B3.1.1), oxadiazon (B3.1.8), diflufenican (B3.1.9), bromacil (B3.3) and norflurazon (B3.4).
5. The herbicide combination as claimed in claim 1, wherein active compound components (A) and (B) are present in a weight ratio of from 1:8000 to 800:1.
6. The herbicide combination as claimed in claim 1, which comprises one or more further components selected from the group consisting of crop protection agents of a different type and formulation auxiliaries and additives customary in crop protection.
7. A method for controlling harmful plants which comprises applying the herbicides of the herbicide combination as defined in claim 1 together or separately by the pre-emergence method, by the post-emergence method or by the pre-emergence and the post-emergence method onto the plants, parts of plants, plant seeds or the area where the plants grow.
8. The method as claimed in claim 7 for the control of harmful plants on non-crop land or in plantation crops.
9. The use of the herbicide combinations defined in claim 1 for controlling harmful plants.
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