US20050187510A1 - Compressible ureteral stent for comfort - Google Patents
Compressible ureteral stent for comfort Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20050187510A1 US20050187510A1 US11/109,696 US10969605A US2005187510A1 US 20050187510 A1 US20050187510 A1 US 20050187510A1 US 10969605 A US10969605 A US 10969605A US 2005187510 A1 US2005187510 A1 US 2005187510A1
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- Prior art keywords
- ureteral stent
- compressible
- kidney
- stent
- patient
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M27/00—Drainage appliance for wounds or the like, i.e. wound drains, implanted drains
- A61M27/002—Implant devices for drainage of body fluids from one part of the body to another
- A61M27/008—Implant devices for drainage of body fluids from one part of the body to another pre-shaped, for use in the urethral or ureteral tract
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/04—Hollow or tubular parts of organs, e.g. bladders, tracheae, bronchi or bile ducts
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/82—Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/86—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure
- A61F2/88—Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure the wire-like elements formed as helical or spiral coils
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2210/00—Anatomical parts of the body
- A61M2210/10—Trunk
- A61M2210/1078—Urinary tract
- A61M2210/1089—Urethra
Definitions
- This invention generally relates to ureteral stents. More particularly in one embodiment, the invention is directed to a ureteral stent having a bladder end adapted to reduce patient discomfort.
- a stent is a medical device provided for propping open an obstructed passage within the body, such as a blocked ureter.
- ureteral blockage is a medical condition requiring treatment.
- a ureteral blockage can occur for a number of reasons, including the passage of a kidney stone and/or other material into the ureter where it becomes entrapped.
- a tumor growing against the outer wall of the ureter can force compression or constriction of the ureter.
- a tumor on the internal ureteral wall can also cause blockage of the ureter.
- Ureteral stents are often used to correct such problems.
- a ureteral stent may be placed inside the ureter on a temporary basis to allow proper drainage of fluids from the kidney to the bladder.
- a ureteral stent usually comprises a straight length of hollow tubing with each end having a hook or a curl or other configuration for preventing migration or expulsion of the stent from its placed position within the ureter.
- One end of a typical ureteral stent is placed in the kidney and the other end is placed in the bladder.
- the end positioned in the kidney is typically configured to retain the stent within the renal pelvis and to prevent the downward migration of the stent into the ureter.
- the bladder end of the stent is typically configured to prevent upward migration of the stent towards the kidney.
- FIG. 1 is a conceptual background drawing showing a portion of the human urinary tract.
- the ureters 102 and 104 transport urine from the kidneys 106 and 108 to the bladder 110 .
- the trigone region of the bladder 112 is located between the urethral opening 114 and the two ureteral orifices 116 and 118 .
- the pain associated with an in-dwelling ureteral stent is attributable in-part to contact between the stent and the bladder mucosa 120 in the trigone region 112 .
- the trigone region 112 is believed to be particularly innervated and sensitive to the presence of any foreign bodies such as the bladder end of a ureteral stent.
- the intramural tunnel regions 122 and 124 of the ureters 102 and 104 act like valves, shutting off to prevent back flow of urine from the bladder 112 to the kidneys 106 and 108 .
- the intramural tunnel regions 122 and 124 are also believed to be particularly innervated and sensitive to the presence of any foreign bodies.
- further discomfort due to in-dwelling stents can be caused by flank pain due to urine shooting from the bladder 110 back up the ureters 102 and 104 intra-luminally via the stent, and/or extra-luminally around the stent.
- the invention generally relates to ureteral stents, particularly those that reduce (compared with conventional ureteral stents) patient discomfort when the stent is placed within the patient's body.
- One object of the invention is to keep the ureteral passage open to allow the flow of fluids from the kidney to the bladder.
- Another object of the invention is to reduce, minimize or avoid patient discomfort associated with conventional in-dwelling ureteral stents by reducing irritation of the trigone region of the bladder mucosa.
- the invention is directed to a ureteral stent including an elongated portion, a retention portion for placement substantially within a kidney, and a collapsible portion for placement substantially within the intramural tunnel portion of a ureter and extending into the bladder.
- the elongated portion of the stent has a lumen which extends along the length of the ureter from the kidney to the bladder.
- the retention portion extends from a first end of the elongated portion and is configured to be retained within the kidney.
- the collapsible portion extends from a second end of the elongated portion, and it is collapsible under radial compression from the intramural tunnel region to inhibit back flow of urine to the kidney.
- the collapsible portion is fabricated from a mesh material. In another embodiment, the collapsible portion is fabricated from a wound coil. According to one feature, the collapsible portion includes an outer coating of a biocompatible material adapted to avoid tissue ingrowth. According to another feature, the collapsible portion includes an inner lining adapted to avoid urine encrustation on an inner surface of a lumen formed by the collapsible portion which extends from the lumen formed by the elongated portion of the stent.
- the invention in another aspect, relates to methods of inserting into a patient one of the ureteral stents mentioned above.
- One method includes the step of passing a guide wire through the ureter and into the kidney. Thereafter, coaxially sliding a stent over the guide wire and into the ureter by using a tubular stent pusher.
- One alternate method includes placing a stent with a closed kidney end over a guide wire, and then advancing the stent into the ureter by pushing the guide wire.
- the stent is inserted from the kidney downward through the ureter and into the bladder.
- the invention features methods of manufacturing stents such as the ureteral stents mentioned above.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a human urinary tract
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a ureteral stent according to an illustrative embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 3A is a schematic view of a ureteral stent according to an illustrative embodiment of the invention, and positioned within a human urinary tract;
- FIG. 3B is a schematic view of the stent of FIG. 3A , including an illustrative bladder end in a collapsed state;
- FIG. 4A is a longitudinal, cross-sectional view of the stent of FIG. 2 ;
- FIG. 4B is a transverse, cross-sectional view of the stent of 4 A, taken along the line A-A′;
- FIG. 5A is an enlarged side view of an illustrative collapsible mesh portion of a stent of FIG. 2 , in an expanded and open state;
- FIG. 5B is a longitudinal, cross-sectional view of the illustrative mesh portion of the stent of FIG. 5A , in an expanded and open state;
- FIG. 5C is a longitudinal, cross-sectional view of the illustrative mesh portion of the stent of FIG. 5A , in a collapsed condition due to radial compression;
- FIG. 6A is a longitudinal, cross-sectional view of the illustrative mesh portion of the stent of FIG. 5A , including an outer covering;
- FIG. 6B is a longitudinal, cross-sectional view of the illustrative mesh portion of the stent of FIG. 5A , including an inner lining;
- FIG. 6C is a longitudinal, cross-sectional view of the illustrative mesh portion of the stent of FIG. 5A , including both an inner lining and an outer covering;
- FIG. 7A is an enlarged side view of an illustrative collapsible wound coil portion of the stent of FIG. 2 , in an expanded and open state;
- FIG. 7B is a longitudinal, cross-sectional view of the illustrative wound coil portion of the stent of FIG. 7A , in an expanded and open state;
- FIG. 7C is an enlarged side view of the illustrative wound coil portion of the stent of FIG. 7A , in a collapsed state;
- FIG. 8A is a longitudinal, cross-sectional view, according to an illustrative embodiment of the wound coil portion of FIG. 7A , including an outer covering;
- FIG. 8B is a longitudinal, cross-sectional view, according to an illustrative embodiment of the wound coil portion of FIG. 7A , including an inner lining;
- FIG. 8C is a longitudinal, cross-sectional view, according to an illustrative embodiment of the wound coil portion of FIG. 7A , including both an inner lining and an outer covering;
- FIG. 9 is a transverse, cross-sectional view of the mesh portion of FIG. 4A , taken along the line B-B′ in FIG. 4A ;
- FIG. 10A is a schematic view of the stent of FIG. 2 having a J-shaped kidney retention portion, according to an illustrative embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 10B is a schematic view of the stent of FIG. 2 having a single loop shaped kidney retention portion, according to an illustrative embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 10C is a schematic view of the stent of FIG. 2 having a multi loop shaped kidney retention portion, according to an illustrative embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 2 depicts a ureteral stent 200 in accordance with an illustrative embodiment of the invention.
- a ureteral stent of the invention can be placed in either ureter 102 or 104 . However, for simplicity, the following discussion is limited to placement of the ureteral stent 200 within the ureter 102 .
- the illustrative ureteral stent 200 includes an elongated portion 202 , a retention portion 204 , and a collapsible portion 206 .
- the elongated portion 202 has a length 208 that is sufficient to extend through the ureter 102 from the kidney 106 to the bladder 110 .
- the elongated portion 202 of the ureteral stent 200 defines a lumen (shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B at 400 ) extending from a kidney end 212 to a bladder end 214 .
- the ureteral stent 200 also includes one or more through apertures or eye ports 210 located along the length of the elongated portion 202 for providing fluid communication between an outer wall (shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B at 412 ) and an inner lumen wall (shown in FIG. 4B at 410 ) to further enable drainage through the internal lumen 400 of the ureteral stent 200 .
- the elongated portion 202 is made of a physiologically compatible material such as, for example, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene oxide, hydroxy ethyl cellulose, stainless steel, or the like.
- the retention portion 204 extends from the kidney end 212 of the ureteral stent 200 , and is adapted for placement substantially within the kidney 106 , and for retention of the placement. According to one feature, the retention portion 204 includes one or more through apertures or eye ports 211 for providing fluid communication between an outer wall (shown at FIG. 4A at 414 ) and an inner lumen (shown in FIG. 4A at 402 ) to further enable drainage through the internal lumens 400 and 402 .
- the collapsible portion 206 extends from the bladder end 214 of the ureteral stent 200 , and is adapted for residing substantially within the intramural tunnel region 122 of the ureter 102 and for extending into the bladder 110 . According to an illustrative embodiment, the invention addresses reflex prevention and intramural tunnel irritation via the collapsible portion 206 of the ureteral stent 200 .
- FIG. 3A depicts the intramural tunnel region 122 in a relaxed state and the collapsible portion 206 of the ureteral stent 200 in an expanded and open state.
- FIG. 3B as the intramural tunnel region 122 contracts radially, the collapsible portion 206 collapses to restrict urine back flow from bladder 110 to the kidney 106 .
- FIG. 4A is a schematic of a longitudinal, cross-sectional view of the ureteral stent 200 .
- FIG. 4B is a lateral cross-sectional view of the length 208 of the elongated portion 202 taken along the view A-A′.
- the elongated portion 202 of the ureteral stent 200 defines an internal lumen 400 that extends through the elongated portion 202 between the kidney end 212 and the bladder end 214 .
- the retention portion 204 also defines an internal lumen 402 which extends from the lumen 400 of the elongated portion 202 .
- the retention portion 204 includes at least one through aperture 404 adapted for providing fluid communication between the internal lumen 402 and the kidney 106 .
- the collapsible portion 206 also defines an inner lumen 406 which extends from the internal lumen 400 of the elongated portion 202 .
- the inner lumen 406 terminates in at least one through aperture 408 .
- the through aperture 408 resides within the bladder 110 and is adapted for providing urine flow from the lumen 406 into the bladder 110 .
- FIG. 5A depicts one illustrative embodiment in which the collapsible portion 206 of a ureteral stent 200 of the invention includes a mesh portion 500 .
- the mesh portion 500 extends from the bladder end 214 of the elongated portion 202 .
- FIG. 5A the mesh portion 500 is depicted in an expanded and open state.
- FIG. 5B is a longitudinal, cross-sectional view of the collapsible portion 206 of the stent of FIG. 5A in the expanded and open state.
- the mesh portion 500 forms an inner lumen 502 which extends from the internal lumen 400 of the elongated portion 202 .
- FIG. 5C is a longitudinal, cross-sectional view of the collapsible mesh portion 500 , shown in a collapsed state. As discussed above, the collapsible portion 206 collapses, for example, due to a radial force exerted on the exterior of the mesh portion 500 , and inhibits through fluid flow.
- the mesh portion 500 is manufactured from polymeric or metallic materials such as, for example, stainless steel, tantalum, gold, titanium, nitinol, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or any suitable material that collapses under an exerted force of the type exerted by the intramural tunnel region 122 of the ureter 102 , and returns to an expanded state upon removal of such a force.
- polymeric or metallic materials such as, for example, stainless steel, tantalum, gold, titanium, nitinol, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or any suitable material that collapses under an exerted force of the type exerted by the intramural tunnel region 122 of the ureter 102 , and returns to an expanded state upon removal of such a force.
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- FIGS. 6A-6C depict enlarged longitudinal, cross-sectional views, further illustrating embodiments of the mesh portion 500 .
- the collapsible mesh portion 500 has an outer covering 600 .
- the outer covering 600 is formed from a flexible polymer such as, for example, polyurethane, polyamide, silicone, polyvinyl chloride, or the like.
- collapsible mesh portion 500 has an inner lining 602 such as, for example, a jacket or a sleeve. In one embodiment, the inner lining 602 encases the interior of the mesh portion 500 .
- the inner lining 602 functions to substantially prevent internal mesh encrustation due to urine contact.
- the inner lining 602 is fabricated from a polymer such as, for example, polyurethane, polyamide, silicone, polyvinyl chloride, or the like.
- the collapsible mesh portion 500 includes both an outer covering 600 as well as an inner lining 602 .
- the mesh portion 500 is sandwiched between an outer covering 600 and an inner lining 602 , which encase the exterior and the interior of the mesh portion 500 respectively.
- a polymer is interspersed within the mesh.
- FIGS. 7A-7C depict an alternative embodiment in which the collapsible portion 206 of the ureteral stent 200 includes a wound coil 700 instead of a mesh portion 500 .
- the wound coil 700 behaves similarly to the mesh portion 500 , in that under radial force from the intramural tunnel region 122 of the ureter 102 , the wound coil 700 flattens out to close off the lower portion of the ureter 102 and thus prevent urine back flow to the kidney 106 .
- FIG. 7A depicts one illustrative embodiment in which the wound coil 700 extends from the bladder end 214 of the elongated portion 202 . In FIG. 7A , the wound coil 700 is depicted in an open and expanded state.
- FIG. 7A depicts one illustrative embodiment in which the wound coil 700 extends from the bladder end 214 of the elongated portion 202 . In FIG. 7A , the wound coil 700 is depicted in an open and expanded state.
- FIG. 7B is a longitudinal, cross-sectional view of the collapsible portion 206 of the ureteral stent of FIG. 7A in an open and expanded state.
- the wound coil 700 forms a lumen 702 which extends from the internal lumen 400 of the elongated portion 202 .
- FIG. 7C is an illustrative embodiment featuring the wound coil 700 in a collapsed state.
- the wound coil 700 collapses, for example, due to radial force exerted on the exterior of the wound coil 700 and inhibits fluid flow through the lumen 702 .
- the radial wound coil 700 returns to the expanded and open state.
- FIGS. 8A-8C depict enlarged longitudinal cross-sectional views, further illustrating embodiments of the wound coil 700 .
- the collapsible wound coil 700 has an outer covering 800 .
- the outer covering 800 is formed from a flexible polymer such as, for example, polyurethane, polyamide, silicone, polyvinyl chloride, or the like.
- the wound coil 700 has an inner lining 802 , such as, for example, a jacket or a sleeve.
- the inner lining 802 encases the interior of the lumen 702 of the wound coil 700 .
- the inner lining 802 is fabricated from a polymer such as, for example, polyurethane, polyamide, silicone, polyvinyl chloride, or the like.
- the wound coil 700 includes both an outer covering 800 as well as an inner lining 802 .
- the wound coil 700 is sandwiched between an outer covering 800 and an inner lining 802 , which encase the exterior and the interior portions of the wound coil 700 respectively.
- FIG. 9 is an enlarged, transverse cross sectional end view of the terminal end 416 of the collapsible portion 206 taken along view B-B′.
- the collapsible portion 206 has a polymeric ring 900 extending circumferentially around its terminal end 416 .
- the polymeric 900 ring protects, for example, the jagged edges of the mesh portion 500 or wound coil 700 and helps to maintain the shape of the mesh portion 500 or wound coil portion 700 after the ureteral stent 200 is placed within a patient.
- the polymeric ring 900 is made from a thermoplastic polymer.
- a retention flange is used instead of a polymeric ring.
- FIGS. 10A-10C are conceptual drawings depicting various illustrative embodiments of the retention portion 204 .
- the retention portion 204 of the ureteral stent 200 may be shaped, for example, as a hook, a coil or a malecot, or the like, to facilitate its retention in the kidney 106 .
- the retention portion 204 of the ureteral stent 200 is shaped like a J hook 1000 .
- the retention portion 204 of the ureteral stent 200 has a single loop configuration 1002 .
- FIG. 10A the retention portion 204 of the ureteral stent 200 has a single loop configuration 1002 .
- the retention portion 204 has a multi-loop configuration 1004 .
- the multi-loop configuration 1004 allows the ureteral stent 200 to compensate for any changes in the length of the ureter 102 caused by peristalsis in the urinary tract 100 .
- the multi-loop configuration 1004 also enables the accommodation of different ureteral sizes in different size patients.
- the retention portion 204 of the ureteral stent 200 is inserted though the urethral opening 114 of a patient, advanced through the bladder 110 and the ureter 102 , and subsequently placed in the kidney 106 of the patient.
- the collapsible portion 206 Prior to insertion, the collapsible portion 206 is temporarily collapsed to facilitate insertion into the patient's body.
- the retention portion 204 is also straightened out prior to insertion.
- a cytoscope is used for inserting the ureteral stent 200 of the invention into a patient.
- the ureteral stent 200 is inserted within the cytoscope prior to insertion into the urinary tract 100 and the cytoscope is removed subsequent to proper positioning of the ureteral stent 200 within the patient.
- the mesh portion 500 of the ureteral stent 200 is maintained to have a sufficiently large inner diameter, so as to allow passage over a guide wire.
- a method of manufacturing the collapsible mesh portion 500 of the ureteral stent is 200 described.
- the mesh portion 500 is fabricated from polymeric or metallic materials, such as, for example, stainless steel, tantalum, gold, titanium, nitinol, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or any suitable plastic material that is collapsible when formed and radially expandable.
- polymeric or metallic materials such as, for example, stainless steel, tantalum, gold, titanium, nitinol, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or any suitable plastic material that is collapsible when formed and radially expandable.
- the mesh portion 500 can be of any design or configuration and is made in any manner described in the art.
- the mesh is braided in a “2 over-2 under” helical pattern.
- the mesh braid is then laminated over the bladder end 214 of the elongated portion 202 of the ureteral stent 200 .
- individual mesh strands are attached to each other via thermal bonding, in the case of polymeric materials, or via resistance welding or use of an adhesive in the case where metallic elements are utilized.
- the braided mesh is braided directly over the bladder end 214 of the ureteral stent 200 using a pre-heat step to embed the braid onto the bladder end 214 .
- ureteral stent 200 is prepared by hollowing out a metal pipe to leave a stent skeleton. Exemplary processes known in the art for preparation of the ureteral stent 200 , include an etching process, also known as photo-fabrication; processes that employ masks and chemicals; electric discharge machining processes; and mechanical machining processes or stamping an open-cell pattern into a solid tube which is usually made of a polymeric material.
- a ureteral stent 200 is used to treat ureteral blockage for proper drainage of fluids between the kidney 106 and the bladder 110 .
- Treatment of ureteral blockage is provided, for example, by inserting a ureteral stent 200 over a guide wire with a pusher through the urethral opening 114 and into the bladder 110 .
- the guide wire or a cannula is used temporarily to straighten out the retention portion 204 of the ureteral stent 200 .
- the retention portion 204 of the uretral stent 200 is typically made from material that is able to regain its structure after distortion which allows for the retention portion 204 to be straightened out prior to placement within the body.
- a method for treating ureteral blockage in a patient includes sliding the ureteral stent 200 over a guide wire.
- the guidewire is inserted into the body of a patient through the bladder 110 and into the ureter 102 .
- a ureteral stent 200 is subsequently slid over the guide wire, such that one end of the guide wire is inserted through the kidney end 212 of the ureteral stent 200 .
- the ureteral stent 200 is moved along the length of the guide wire by the use of a pusher which includes a lumen to accept a guide wire.
- the collapsible mesh portion 500 maintains a sufficiently large inner diameter so as to allow passage over a 0.035′′/0.038′′ guide wire.
- the ureteral stent 200 is tracked over the wire for positioning inside the body using conventional methods of placement such as a pusher to abut the retention portion 204 of the ureteral stent 200 .
Abstract
In one embodiment, the invention is directed to a ureteral stent adapted for placement within a patient's urinary tract to facilitate drainage from the patient's kidney to the patient's bladder. The ureteral stent includes an elongated portion, a retention portion and a mesh or coil portion. The elongated portion has first and second ends, defines an elongated portion of a lumen extending between the first and second ends, and has a length sufficient to extend within the ureter from the patient's kidney to the patient's bladder. The retention portion extends from the first end of the elongated portion, defines a retention portion of the lumen and at least one through aperture for providing fluid communication between the lumen and the kidney. The retention portion is adapted for placement substantially within the kidney and for retaining the placement of the stent within the kidney. The mesh or coil portion extends from the second end of the elongated portion and is adapted for placement substantially within an intramural tunnel portion of the ureter and for extension into the bladder. The mesh or coil portion is collapsible under radial compression to inhibit urine back flow to the kidney.
Description
- This application claims priority to and the benefit of the U.S. provisional patent application Ser. No. 60/295,465, filed on Jun. 1, 2001, the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference.
- This invention generally relates to ureteral stents. More particularly in one embodiment, the invention is directed to a ureteral stent having a bladder end adapted to reduce patient discomfort.
- A stent is a medical device provided for propping open an obstructed passage within the body, such as a blocked ureter. In general, ureteral blockage is a medical condition requiring treatment. A ureteral blockage can occur for a number of reasons, including the passage of a kidney stone and/or other material into the ureter where it becomes entrapped. Also, a tumor growing against the outer wall of the ureter can force compression or constriction of the ureter. A tumor on the internal ureteral wall can also cause blockage of the ureter. Ureteral stents are often used to correct such problems. A ureteral stent may be placed inside the ureter on a temporary basis to allow proper drainage of fluids from the kidney to the bladder. A ureteral stent usually comprises a straight length of hollow tubing with each end having a hook or a curl or other configuration for preventing migration or expulsion of the stent from its placed position within the ureter. One end of a typical ureteral stent is placed in the kidney and the other end is placed in the bladder. The end positioned in the kidney is typically configured to retain the stent within the renal pelvis and to prevent the downward migration of the stent into the ureter. The bladder end of the stent is typically configured to prevent upward migration of the stent towards the kidney.
-
FIG. 1 is a conceptual background drawing showing a portion of the human urinary tract. Referring toFIG. 1 , in a humanurinary tract 100, theureters kidneys bladder 110. The trigone region of thebladder 112 is located between the urethral opening 114 and the twoureteral orifices bladder mucosa 120 in thetrigone region 112. Thetrigone region 112 is believed to be particularly innervated and sensitive to the presence of any foreign bodies such as the bladder end of a ureteral stent. Theintramural tunnel regions ureters bladder 112 to thekidneys intramural tunnel regions bladder 110 back up theureters - The invention generally relates to ureteral stents, particularly those that reduce (compared with conventional ureteral stents) patient discomfort when the stent is placed within the patient's body. One object of the invention is to keep the ureteral passage open to allow the flow of fluids from the kidney to the bladder. Another object of the invention is to reduce, minimize or avoid patient discomfort associated with conventional in-dwelling ureteral stents by reducing irritation of the trigone region of the bladder mucosa.
- In one embodiment, the invention is directed to a ureteral stent including an elongated portion, a retention portion for placement substantially within a kidney, and a collapsible portion for placement substantially within the intramural tunnel portion of a ureter and extending into the bladder. The elongated portion of the stent has a lumen which extends along the length of the ureter from the kidney to the bladder. According to one feature, the retention portion extends from a first end of the elongated portion and is configured to be retained within the kidney. According to another feature, the collapsible portion extends from a second end of the elongated portion, and it is collapsible under radial compression from the intramural tunnel region to inhibit back flow of urine to the kidney.
- In one embodiment, the collapsible portion is fabricated from a mesh material. In another embodiment, the collapsible portion is fabricated from a wound coil. According to one feature, the collapsible portion includes an outer coating of a biocompatible material adapted to avoid tissue ingrowth. According to another feature, the collapsible portion includes an inner lining adapted to avoid urine encrustation on an inner surface of a lumen formed by the collapsible portion which extends from the lumen formed by the elongated portion of the stent.
- In another aspect, the invention relates to methods of inserting into a patient one of the ureteral stents mentioned above. One method includes the step of passing a guide wire through the ureter and into the kidney. Thereafter, coaxially sliding a stent over the guide wire and into the ureter by using a tubular stent pusher. One alternate method includes placing a stent with a closed kidney end over a guide wire, and then advancing the stent into the ureter by pushing the guide wire. According to another embodiment, the stent is inserted from the kidney downward through the ureter and into the bladder.
- In yet other aspects, the invention features methods of manufacturing stents such as the ureteral stents mentioned above.
- The foregoing and other objects, aspects, features and advantages of the invention will become more apparent from the following description and from the claims.
- The foregoing and other objects of the invention and the various features thereof may be more fully understood from the following description when read together with the accompanying drawings in which like reference characters generally refer to the same parts throughout the different views and in which the depicted components are not necessarily drawn to scale:
-
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a human urinary tract; -
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a ureteral stent according to an illustrative embodiment of the invention; -
FIG. 3A is a schematic view of a ureteral stent according to an illustrative embodiment of the invention, and positioned within a human urinary tract; -
FIG. 3B is a schematic view of the stent ofFIG. 3A , including an illustrative bladder end in a collapsed state; -
FIG. 4A is a longitudinal, cross-sectional view of the stent ofFIG. 2 ; -
FIG. 4B is a transverse, cross-sectional view of the stent of 4A, taken along the line A-A′; -
FIG. 5A is an enlarged side view of an illustrative collapsible mesh portion of a stent ofFIG. 2 , in an expanded and open state; -
FIG. 5B is a longitudinal, cross-sectional view of the illustrative mesh portion of the stent ofFIG. 5A , in an expanded and open state; -
FIG. 5C is a longitudinal, cross-sectional view of the illustrative mesh portion of the stent ofFIG. 5A , in a collapsed condition due to radial compression; -
FIG. 6A is a longitudinal, cross-sectional view of the illustrative mesh portion of the stent ofFIG. 5A , including an outer covering; -
FIG. 6B is a longitudinal, cross-sectional view of the illustrative mesh portion of the stent ofFIG. 5A , including an inner lining; -
FIG. 6C is a longitudinal, cross-sectional view of the illustrative mesh portion of the stent ofFIG. 5A , including both an inner lining and an outer covering; -
FIG. 7A is an enlarged side view of an illustrative collapsible wound coil portion of the stent ofFIG. 2 , in an expanded and open state; -
FIG. 7B is a longitudinal, cross-sectional view of the illustrative wound coil portion of the stent ofFIG. 7A , in an expanded and open state; -
FIG. 7C is an enlarged side view of the illustrative wound coil portion of the stent ofFIG. 7A , in a collapsed state; -
FIG. 8A is a longitudinal, cross-sectional view, according to an illustrative embodiment of the wound coil portion ofFIG. 7A , including an outer covering; -
FIG. 8B is a longitudinal, cross-sectional view, according to an illustrative embodiment of the wound coil portion ofFIG. 7A , including an inner lining; -
FIG. 8C is a longitudinal, cross-sectional view, according to an illustrative embodiment of the wound coil portion ofFIG. 7A , including both an inner lining and an outer covering; -
FIG. 9 is a transverse, cross-sectional view of the mesh portion ofFIG. 4A , taken along the line B-B′ inFIG. 4A ; -
FIG. 10A is a schematic view of the stent ofFIG. 2 having a J-shaped kidney retention portion, according to an illustrative embodiment of the invention; -
FIG. 10B is a schematic view of the stent ofFIG. 2 having a single loop shaped kidney retention portion, according to an illustrative embodiment of the invention; and -
FIG. 10C is a schematic view of the stent ofFIG. 2 having a multi loop shaped kidney retention portion, according to an illustrative embodiment of the invention. - As discussed above in summary, in one embodiment, the invention is directed to a ureteral stent having a bladder end adapted to reduce patient discomfort.
FIG. 2 depicts aureteral stent 200 in accordance with an illustrative embodiment of the invention.FIGS. 3A and 3B depict theureteral stent 200 placed inside a humanurinary tract 100. A skilled artisan will appreciate that a ureteral stent of the invention can be placed in eitherureter ureteral stent 200 within theureter 102. As depicted, the illustrativeureteral stent 200 includes anelongated portion 202, aretention portion 204, and acollapsible portion 206. Theelongated portion 202 has alength 208 that is sufficient to extend through theureter 102 from thekidney 106 to thebladder 110. Theelongated portion 202 of theureteral stent 200 defines a lumen (shown inFIGS. 4A and 4B at 400) extending from akidney end 212 to abladder end 214. According to the illustrative embodiment, theureteral stent 200 also includes one or more through apertures oreye ports 210 located along the length of theelongated portion 202 for providing fluid communication between an outer wall (shown inFIGS. 4A and 4B at 412) and an inner lumen wall (shown inFIG. 4B at 410) to further enable drainage through theinternal lumen 400 of theureteral stent 200. According to one feature, theelongated portion 202 is made of a physiologically compatible material such as, for example, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene oxide, hydroxy ethyl cellulose, stainless steel, or the like. - The
retention portion 204 extends from thekidney end 212 of theureteral stent 200, and is adapted for placement substantially within thekidney 106, and for retention of the placement. According to one feature, theretention portion 204 includes one or more through apertures oreye ports 211 for providing fluid communication between an outer wall (shown atFIG. 4A at 414) and an inner lumen (shown inFIG. 4A at 402) to further enable drainage through theinternal lumens - The
collapsible portion 206 extends from thebladder end 214 of theureteral stent 200, and is adapted for residing substantially within theintramural tunnel region 122 of theureter 102 and for extending into thebladder 110. According to an illustrative embodiment, the invention addresses reflex prevention and intramural tunnel irritation via thecollapsible portion 206 of theureteral stent 200. -
FIG. 3A depicts theintramural tunnel region 122 in a relaxed state and thecollapsible portion 206 of theureteral stent 200 in an expanded and open state. As shown inFIG. 3B , as theintramural tunnel region 122 contracts radially, thecollapsible portion 206 collapses to restrict urine back flow frombladder 110 to thekidney 106. -
FIG. 4A is a schematic of a longitudinal, cross-sectional view of theureteral stent 200.FIG. 4B is a lateral cross-sectional view of thelength 208 of theelongated portion 202 taken along the view A-A′. As mentioned above, and as shown inFIGS. 4A and 4B , theelongated portion 202 of theureteral stent 200 defines aninternal lumen 400 that extends through theelongated portion 202 between thekidney end 212 and thebladder end 214. Theretention portion 204 also defines aninternal lumen 402 which extends from thelumen 400 of theelongated portion 202. Theretention portion 204 includes at least one throughaperture 404 adapted for providing fluid communication between theinternal lumen 402 and thekidney 106. - The
collapsible portion 206 also defines aninner lumen 406 which extends from theinternal lumen 400 of theelongated portion 202. Theinner lumen 406 terminates in at least one throughaperture 408. As shown inFIGS. 3A and 3B , when placed in a patient, the throughaperture 408 resides within thebladder 110 and is adapted for providing urine flow from thelumen 406 into thebladder 110. -
FIG. 5A depicts one illustrative embodiment in which thecollapsible portion 206 of aureteral stent 200 of the invention includes amesh portion 500. Illustratively, themesh portion 500 extends from thebladder end 214 of theelongated portion 202. InFIG. 5A , themesh portion 500 is depicted in an expanded and open state.FIG. 5B is a longitudinal, cross-sectional view of thecollapsible portion 206 of the stent ofFIG. 5A in the expanded and open state. As shown, themesh portion 500 forms aninner lumen 502 which extends from theinternal lumen 400 of theelongated portion 202. Thelumen 502 ends in at least oneopening 504 which resides in thebladder 110 to allow fluid communication between thelumen 502 and thebladder 110.FIG. 5C is a longitudinal, cross-sectional view of thecollapsible mesh portion 500, shown in a collapsed state. As discussed above, thecollapsible portion 206 collapses, for example, due to a radial force exerted on the exterior of themesh portion 500, and inhibits through fluid flow. In one illustrative embodiment, themesh portion 500 is manufactured from polymeric or metallic materials such as, for example, stainless steel, tantalum, gold, titanium, nitinol, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or any suitable material that collapses under an exerted force of the type exerted by theintramural tunnel region 122 of theureter 102, and returns to an expanded state upon removal of such a force. One advantage of the invention is that thecollapsible mesh portion 500 of theureteral stent 200 prevents fluid flow in response to radial force exerted by theintramural tunnel region 122 by collapsing to inhibit vesicourinal reflux, back flow of urine and flank pain in a patient. -
FIGS. 6A-6C depict enlarged longitudinal, cross-sectional views, further illustrating embodiments of themesh portion 500. As shown inFIG. 6A , in one illustrative embodiment, thecollapsible mesh portion 500 has anouter covering 600. In the illustrative embodiment, theouter covering 600 is formed from a flexible polymer such as, for example, polyurethane, polyamide, silicone, polyvinyl chloride, or the like. As shown inFIG. 6B , in a further illustrative embodiment,collapsible mesh portion 500 has aninner lining 602 such as, for example, a jacket or a sleeve. In one embodiment, theinner lining 602 encases the interior of themesh portion 500. Theinner lining 602 functions to substantially prevent internal mesh encrustation due to urine contact. In the illustrative embodiment, theinner lining 602 is fabricated from a polymer such as, for example, polyurethane, polyamide, silicone, polyvinyl chloride, or the like. - In one preferred embodiment, the
collapsible mesh portion 500 includes both anouter covering 600 as well as aninner lining 602. In the illustrative embodiment, themesh portion 500 is sandwiched between anouter covering 600 and aninner lining 602, which encase the exterior and the interior of themesh portion 500 respectively. In another embodiment, a polymer is interspersed within the mesh. -
FIGS. 7A-7C depict an alternative embodiment in which thecollapsible portion 206 of theureteral stent 200 includes awound coil 700 instead of amesh portion 500. Thewound coil 700 behaves similarly to themesh portion 500, in that under radial force from theintramural tunnel region 122 of theureter 102, thewound coil 700 flattens out to close off the lower portion of theureter 102 and thus prevent urine back flow to thekidney 106.FIG. 7A depicts one illustrative embodiment in which thewound coil 700 extends from thebladder end 214 of theelongated portion 202. InFIG. 7A , thewound coil 700 is depicted in an open and expanded state.FIG. 7B is a longitudinal, cross-sectional view of thecollapsible portion 206 of the ureteral stent ofFIG. 7A in an open and expanded state. As shown, thewound coil 700 forms alumen 702 which extends from theinternal lumen 400 of theelongated portion 202.FIG. 7C is an illustrative embodiment featuring thewound coil 700 in a collapsed state. As discussed above, thewound coil 700 collapses, for example, due to radial force exerted on the exterior of thewound coil 700 and inhibits fluid flow through thelumen 702. In response to the radial force being removed, theradial wound coil 700 returns to the expanded and open state. -
FIGS. 8A-8C depict enlarged longitudinal cross-sectional views, further illustrating embodiments of thewound coil 700. As shown inFIG. 8A , thecollapsible wound coil 700 has anouter covering 800. In an illustrative embodiment, theouter covering 800 is formed from a flexible polymer such as, for example, polyurethane, polyamide, silicone, polyvinyl chloride, or the like. As shown inFIG. 8B , in a further illustrative embodiment, thewound coil 700 has aninner lining 802, such as, for example, a jacket or a sleeve. In one embodiment, theinner lining 802 encases the interior of thelumen 702 of thewound coil 700. In the illustrative embodiment, theinner lining 802 is fabricated from a polymer such as, for example, polyurethane, polyamide, silicone, polyvinyl chloride, or the like. - In one preferred embodiment of the invention, the
wound coil 700 includes both anouter covering 800 as well as aninner lining 802. In the illustrative embodiment, thewound coil 700 is sandwiched between anouter covering 800 and aninner lining 802, which encase the exterior and the interior portions of thewound coil 700 respectively. -
FIG. 9 is an enlarged, transverse cross sectional end view of theterminal end 416 of thecollapsible portion 206 taken along view B-B′. In one preferred embodiment, thecollapsible portion 206 has apolymeric ring 900 extending circumferentially around itsterminal end 416. According to the illustrative embodiment, the polymeric 900 ring protects, for example, the jagged edges of themesh portion 500 or woundcoil 700 and helps to maintain the shape of themesh portion 500 or woundcoil portion 700 after theureteral stent 200 is placed within a patient. Preferably, thepolymeric ring 900 is made from a thermoplastic polymer. In yet another embodiment, a retention flange is used instead of a polymeric ring. -
FIGS. 10A-10C are conceptual drawings depicting various illustrative embodiments of theretention portion 204. Theretention portion 204 of theureteral stent 200 may be shaped, for example, as a hook, a coil or a malecot, or the like, to facilitate its retention in thekidney 106. In one illustrative embodiment, shown inFIG. 10A , theretention portion 204 of theureteral stent 200 is shaped like aJ hook 1000. In another illustrative embodiment, shown inFIG. 10B , theretention portion 204 of theureteral stent 200 has a single loop configuration 1002. In a preferred illustrative embodiment of the invention, depicted inFIG. 10C , theretention portion 204 has amulti-loop configuration 1004. In this illustrative embodiment, themulti-loop configuration 1004 allows theureteral stent 200 to compensate for any changes in the length of theureter 102 caused by peristalsis in theurinary tract 100. Themulti-loop configuration 1004 also enables the accommodation of different ureteral sizes in different size patients. - Various methods are used for inserting the
ureteral stent 200 into a patient. In one embodiment of the invention, theretention portion 204 of theureteral stent 200 is inserted though theurethral opening 114 of a patient, advanced through thebladder 110 and theureter 102, and subsequently placed in thekidney 106 of the patient. Prior to insertion, thecollapsible portion 206 is temporarily collapsed to facilitate insertion into the patient's body. Theretention portion 204 is also straightened out prior to insertion. - In yet another embodiment of the invention, a cytoscope is used for inserting the
ureteral stent 200 of the invention into a patient. In this embodiment, theureteral stent 200 is inserted within the cytoscope prior to insertion into theurinary tract 100 and the cytoscope is removed subsequent to proper positioning of theureteral stent 200 within the patient. - In yet another embodiment, the
mesh portion 500 of theureteral stent 200 is maintained to have a sufficiently large inner diameter, so as to allow passage over a guide wire. - In one aspect of the invention, a method of manufacturing the
collapsible mesh portion 500 of the ureteral stent is 200 described. Themesh portion 500 is fabricated from polymeric or metallic materials, such as, for example, stainless steel, tantalum, gold, titanium, nitinol, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or any suitable plastic material that is collapsible when formed and radially expandable. - The
mesh portion 500 can be of any design or configuration and is made in any manner described in the art. In one embodiment of the invention, the mesh is braided in a “2 over-2 under” helical pattern. The mesh braid is then laminated over thebladder end 214 of theelongated portion 202 of theureteral stent 200. - In another embodiment, individual mesh strands are attached to each other via thermal bonding, in the case of polymeric materials, or via resistance welding or use of an adhesive in the case where metallic elements are utilized.
- In yet another embodiment, the braided mesh is braided directly over the
bladder end 214 of theureteral stent 200 using a pre-heat step to embed the braid onto thebladder end 214. In another aspect of the invention,ureteral stent 200 is prepared by hollowing out a metal pipe to leave a stent skeleton. Exemplary processes known in the art for preparation of theureteral stent 200, include an etching process, also known as photo-fabrication; processes that employ masks and chemicals; electric discharge machining processes; and mechanical machining processes or stamping an open-cell pattern into a solid tube which is usually made of a polymeric material. - A
ureteral stent 200 is used to treat ureteral blockage for proper drainage of fluids between thekidney 106 and thebladder 110. Treatment of ureteral blockage is provided, for example, by inserting aureteral stent 200 over a guide wire with a pusher through theurethral opening 114 and into thebladder 110. The guide wire or a cannula is used temporarily to straighten out theretention portion 204 of theureteral stent 200. Theretention portion 204 of theuretral stent 200 is typically made from material that is able to regain its structure after distortion which allows for theretention portion 204 to be straightened out prior to placement within the body. - In one aspect of the invention, a method for treating ureteral blockage in a patient includes sliding the
ureteral stent 200 over a guide wire. The guidewire is inserted into the body of a patient through thebladder 110 and into theureter 102. Aureteral stent 200 is subsequently slid over the guide wire, such that one end of the guide wire is inserted through thekidney end 212 of theureteral stent 200. Theureteral stent 200 is moved along the length of the guide wire by the use of a pusher which includes a lumen to accept a guide wire. - In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the
collapsible mesh portion 500 maintains a sufficiently large inner diameter so as to allow passage over a 0.035″/0.038″ guide wire. In one embodiment, theureteral stent 200 is tracked over the wire for positioning inside the body using conventional methods of placement such as a pusher to abut theretention portion 204 of theureteral stent 200. - Variations, modifications, and other implementations of what is described herein will occur to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit and the scope of the invention. This invention is not limited to the preceding illustrative description.
Claims (21)
1-28. (canceled)
29. A ureteral stent, comprising:
an elongated portion having a first end and a second end, the elongated portion defining a lumen extending between the first end and the second end, the elongated portion having a length sufficient to extend substantially from a kidney of a patient to a bladder of the patient; and
a compressible portion extending from the second end of the elongated portion, the compressible portion being adapted for placement substantially within an intramural tunnel portion of the ureter and being collapsible under radial compression of the type exerted by the intramural tunnel portion of the ureter to a degree sufficient to substantially inhibit backflow of urine through the lumen toward the first end, the compressible portion and the elongated portion having substantially the same outer diameter.
30. The ureteral stent of claim 29 , wherein the compressible portion includes a covering.
31. The ureteral stent of claim 30 , wherein the covering includes a polymer.
32. The ureteral stent of claim 29 , further comprising:
a retention portion extending from the first end of the elongated portion, the retention portion being adapted for placement substantially within the kidney of the patient.
33. The ureteral stent of claim 29 , wherein the compressible portion includes a mesh construction.
34. The ureteral stent of claim 29 , wherein the compressible portion includes a coil construction.
35. The ureteral stent of claim 32 , wherein the retention portion defines an aperture, the aperture providing communication between the lumen defined by the elongated portion and the kidney.
36. The ureteral stent of claim 29 , wherein the elongated portion includes a substantially continuous sidewall.
37. A ureteral stent, comprising:
an elongated portion having a first end and a second end, the elongated portion defining a lumen extending between the first end and the second end and having a length sufficient to extend from a kidney of a patient to a bladder of the patient;
a compressible portion extending from the second end of the elongated portion, the compressible portion being adapted for placement substantially within an intramural tunnel portion of the ureter and being collapsible under radial compression from the intramural tunnel portion of the ureter, the compressible portion configured to be more easily compressed than the elongated portion; and
a covering disposed on the compressible portion.
38. The ureteral stent of claim 37 , wherein the covering is disposed on an outer surface of the compressible portion.
39. The ureteral stent of claim 37 , wherein the covering is disposed on an inner surface of the compressible portion.
40. The ureteral stent of claim 37 , further comprising:
a retention portion extending from the first end of the elongated portion, the retention portion being adapted for placement substantially within the kidney of the patient.
41. The ureteral stent of claim 37 , wherein the compressible portion includes a mesh construction.
42. The ureteral stent of claim 37 , wherein the covering is a first covering, the first covering disposed on an outer surface of the compressible portion, the ureteral stent further comprising:
a second covering disposed on an inner surface of the compressible portion.
43. A ureteral stent, comprising:
an elongated portion having a first construction and having a first end and a second end, the elongated portion defining a lumen extending between the first end and the second end, the elongated portion having a length sufficient to extend substantially from a kidney of a patient to a bladder of the patient; and
a compressible portion extending from the second end of the elongated portion, the compressible portion being adapted for placement substantially within an intramural tunnel portion of the ureter and being collapsible under radial compression of the type exerted by the intramural tunnel portion of the ureter, the compressible portion having a second construction different than the first construction.
44. The ureteral stent of claim 43 , wherein the compressible portion includes an outer covering.
45. The ureteral stent of claim 43 , wherein the compressible portion includes an inner lining.
46. The ureteral stent of claim 43 , wherein the compressible portion includes a mesh construction.
47. The ureteral stent of claim 43 , wherein the compressible portion includes a coil construction.
48. The ureteral stent of claim 43 , wherein the elongated portion includes a substantially continuous sidewall.
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Cited By (9)
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US20050240141A1 (en) * | 2004-04-26 | 2005-10-27 | Peter Aliski | Stent kidney curl improvements |
US20050240277A1 (en) * | 2004-04-26 | 2005-10-27 | Peter Aliski | Stent with flexible elements |
US20050240280A1 (en) * | 2004-04-26 | 2005-10-27 | Peter Aliski | Ureteral stent |
US7470247B2 (en) | 2004-04-26 | 2008-12-30 | Gyrus Acmi, Inc. | Ureteral stent |
US7507218B2 (en) | 2004-04-26 | 2009-03-24 | Gyrus Acmi, Inc. | Stent with flexible elements |
US9108017B2 (en) | 2011-03-22 | 2015-08-18 | Applied Medical Resources Corporation | Method of making tubing have drainage holes |
US11096774B2 (en) | 2016-12-09 | 2021-08-24 | Zenflow, Inc. | Systems, devices, and methods for the accurate deployment of an implant in the prostatic urethra |
US11903859B1 (en) | 2016-12-09 | 2024-02-20 | Zenflow, Inc. | Methods for deployment of an implant |
US11890213B2 (en) | 2019-11-19 | 2024-02-06 | Zenflow, Inc. | Systems, devices, and methods for the accurate deployment and imaging of an implant in the prostatic urethra |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US6887215B2 (en) | 2005-05-03 |
EP1392386B1 (en) | 2007-03-07 |
US20020183852A1 (en) | 2002-12-05 |
DE60218658D1 (en) | 2007-04-19 |
EP1392386A1 (en) | 2004-03-03 |
WO2002098500A1 (en) | 2002-12-12 |
DE60218658T2 (en) | 2007-11-22 |
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Owner name: SCIMED LIFE SYSTEMS, INC., MINNESOTA Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:MCWEENEY, JOHN O.;REEL/FRAME:016546/0848 Effective date: 20011120 Owner name: BOSTON SCIENTIFIC SCIMED, INC., MINNESOTA Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:SCIMED LIFE SYSTEMS, INC.;REEL/FRAME:016546/0891 Effective date: 20041222 |
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