US20050150719A1

US20050150719A1 - Exhaust silencer

Info

Publication number: US20050150719A1
Application number: US11/034,387
Authority: US
Inventors: Ernst Gorenflo
Original assignee: Dolmar GmbH
Current assignee: Makita Engineering Germany GmbH
Priority date: 2004-01-12
Filing date: 2005-01-11
Publication date: 2005-07-14
Also published as: DE202004000375U1; US7721845B2; ITTO20050011A1; US20080135331A1

Abstract

In order to provide an exhaust muffler (100) for an internal combustion engine (11), especially a portable implement, comprising a catalyst (10) which is arranged in a housing (12) which has at least one inlet opening (13) and one outlet opening (14) for exhaust gas flowing out from the internal combustion engine (11) into the environment (15), in which the temperature of the exhaust gas in the area of the outlet into the environment is reduced substantially and/or a sufficiently long path length is made available so that flame development can be avoided especially in the outlet area of the exhaust muffler, it is proposed that the outlet opening (14) has at least one means (16) through which exhaust gas flows, which is arranged partially outside the housing (12) and has an outlet (18) facing the environment (15), whereby the flow path of the exhaust gas in the direction of the environment (15) is lengthened.

Description

The invention relates to an exhaust muffler for an internal combustion engine, especially of a portable implement, comprising a catalyst which is arranged in a housing, which has at least one inlet opening and one outlet opening for an exhaust gas flowing from an internal combustion engine into an environment.
The exhaust gases from internal combustion engines generally enter the catalyst at an exhaust gas temperature of about 600° C. A chemical conversion of the exhaust gases takes place inside the catalyst. In this case, three processes take place simultaneously adjacent to one another: NOx is reduced to nitrogen, releasing oxygen, CO is oxidised to CO₂and HC compounds are oxidised to CO₂and H₂O, consuming oxygen at the same time. As a result of the chemical conversion processes, the temperature of exhaust gas “converted” by the catalyst is increased to about 1000° C. When this heated exhaust gas emerges from the catalyst, there is a risk of afterburning if sufficient HC and O₂is present and the ignition temperature is exceeded.
This is especially disadvantageous in the case of portable implements since the operator of such an implement can be injured by flame formation or combustible materials located in the vicinity can be ignited.
Described from DE 79 25 614 U1 is an exhaust muffler which has an inlet space and an outlet space from which an exhaust gas is led away. In the area of the outlet a branched partial stream of cooling air is supplied to the exhaust gas stream, which is mixed with the exhaust gas at the outlet and provides for a reduction in temperature. It is disadvantageous however that a sufficient reduction in the temperature of the exhaust gas stream is not achieved in the area of the outlet.
Known in accordance with DE 198 34 822 A1 is an exhaust muffler which is mounted on an internal combustion engine of a hand-held implement. In this case, the exhaust muffler has a housing with a catalyst element which is positioned between an exhaust gas inlet and an exhaust gas outlet.
Furthermore, a first partial stream of the exhaust gas stream inflowing via the exhaust gas inlet is brought in contact with the catalyst element and a second partial stream flows substantially without contact with the catalyst element to the exhaust gas outlet. Before leaving the housing, the partial streams are brought together and mixed. In this case also no satisfactory reduction in the exhaust gas outlet temperature is achieved, whereby the afore-mentioned hazards could be avoided.
DE 38 29 668 C3 proposes an exhaust gas muffler in which a catalyst is arranged with a spacing on all sides [inside] a housing of the exhaust gas muffler, wherein the converted exhaust gas is led out of the catalyst to the outlet through an exhaust gas end pipe, wherein the exhaust gas end pipe lies inside the muffler housing over most of its length with spacing on all sides and is flushed with untreated exhaust gas, and the treated exhaust gas is led away from the muffler housing into the ambient air through a starting section of the exhaust gas end pipe. This cooling of the pipe behind the catalyst inside the muffler by unconverted exhaust gas is inferior to the additional cooling by ambient air and the muffler is expensive and costly to produce since the pipe must be made of stainless steel for example and there is a high degree of forming. In addition, the proposed solution merely leads to short pipe lengths since the length must be realised inside the muffler.
It is the object of the invention to provide an exhaust muffler in which the temperature of the exhaust gas is reduced substantially in the area of the outlet into the environment and/or a sufficiently long path length is made available so that flame development can be avoided especially in the outlet area of the exhaust muffler.
In order to solve this object, a device having the features of claim 1 is proposed. Preferred further developments of the exhaust muffler according to the invention are specified in the dependent claims.
For this purpose, it is provided according to the invention that the outlet opening has at least one means arranged inside and/or outside the housing whereby the flow path of the exhaust gas in the direction of the environment is lengthened. The means through which exhaust gas flows and which comprises an outlet facing the environment, can for example, have a wall which is constructed as a labyrinth-shaped channel in which the heated exhaust gas flowing from the catalyst is guided. The flow path of the exhaust gas to the environment is lengthened by the labyrinth-shaped construction of the channel so that any emergence of flames from the exhaust muffler is largely avoided. Whilst the exhaust gas flows through the means, residual hydrocarbons can still be burnt (oxidised) in the exhaust gas. In addition, as a result of heat conduction, the exhaust gas stays along the wall so that no ignition of the exhaust gas occurs in the outlet (opening region) of the exhaust muffler. In this case, it is unimportant whether part of the lengthening of the flow path is arranged inside and/or outside the housing. In addition to avoiding any flame formation and reducing the exhaust gas temperature in the outlet region, the lifetime of the exhaust muffler is further increased by the arrangement according to the invention. In this case, the arrangement of the means outside the housing has the advantage that the ambient air has a cooling effect on the exhaust gas flowing inside the means. From the aesthetic point of view, an arrangement of the means inside the housing can be preferred.
In a further embodiment of the invention, the means can be constructed as a bent pipe. The pipe can, for example, have a spiral-shaped or helical profile, preferably with a plurality of turns or with straight sections approximately at right angles to one another. In the case of the helical pipe, the pipe can be bent in different directions. One of the advantages of spiral or helical pipes, especially in the arrangement with sections constructed approximately uniformly with respect to one another is that as a result of the geometric shape, these can be arranged in a space-saving manner on the exhaust muffler.
More appropriately, the means can have an outlet which has the form of a diffuser. The diffuser arrangement has the advantage that in the area of the outlet, thorough mixing of the cooler ambient air with the warmer exhaust gas flowing through the diffuser is favoured, whereby a reduction in the exhaust gas temperature in the outlet region is achieved.
In a further alternative of the invention, the pipe is constructed with a plurality of openings. In this embodiment of the exhaust muffler, the pipe is preferably arranged outside the housing. The hot exhaust gas flows, for example, through the helical pipe, wherein an underpressure is formed from the flow technology point of view on the outside of the pipe in the area of the openings. Consequently, ambient air is sucked into the pipe through the openings so that the hot exhaust gas is mixed with the cooler ambient air inside the pipe and thus the exhaust gas temperature is further reduced in the outlet of the exhaust muffler. Thus, any flames formed in the exhaust gas can be extinguished.
The exhaust muffler according to the invention can have at least one bypass pipe which guides at least part of the exhaust gas flowing out of the internal combustion engine past the catalyst into the means. It is advantageous if non-converted “cold” exhaust gas is specifically brought together with the hot exhaust gas flowing out of the catalyst, which results in an appreciable reduction in the temperature of the exhaust gas in the opening area. The bypass pipe can for example be constructed as a pipe which has an exhaust gas inlet and an exhaust gas outlet wherein the exhaust gas inlet is preferably facing the inlet opening of the housing. The exhaust gas outlet is positioned behind the catalyst.
If the means according to the invention, for example, the helical pipe, is arranged outside the housing, it is advantageous that the exhaust muffler has a protective element extending above the pipe. This protective element serves as a type of contact protection and cooling air baffle plate which protects the user from the high temperatures of the pipe. To save weight, the protective element can be constructed as a perforated sheet. In this case, the protective element can be attached subsequently to the housing, for example, by means of a screw connection. In order that only minimal heat conduction takes place between the housing and the protective element, the protective element is preferably only affixed at a few points on the housing. Furthermore, the fixing points can have insulating elements which largely inhibit passage of heat. The insulating elements can, for example, be insulating spacers. The switching element can also be formed by the equipment cover/cover hood/air guiding hood or it can be affixed thereto.
In a further embodiment of the invention, a dividing wall can be provided in the housing so that a first and a second space is formed inside the housing. In this embodiment the catalyst is arranged on the dividing wall and represents the connection between the first and the second space. The dividing wall preferably has at least one bypass opening.
The exhaust gas on the one hand flows through the bypass opening from the first into the second space. On the other hand, a partial stream of the exhaust gas is guided through the catalyst in which the harmful components of the exhaust gas are converted. The hot exhaust gas emerging from the catalyst enters into the second space and mixes with the colder exhaust gas flowing into the second space through the bypass opening. The bypass opening further eliminates any throttle effect of the catalyst and any reduction in performance resulting therefrom.
Further advantages, features and details of the invention are obtained from the following description in which several embodiments of the invention are described in detail with reference to the drawings. In this case, the features mentioned in the claims and in the description can be important for the invention for themselves or in any combination. In the figures, shown purely schematically:
FIG. 1 is a sectional view of an exhaust muffler with an internal combustion engine,
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of an exhaust muffler,
FIG. 3 is an exhaust muffler in an alternative embodiment,
FIG. 4 is a further embodiment of the exhaust muffler,
FIG. 5 is a further embodiment of the exhaust muffler,
FIG. 6 is a further embodiment of the exhaust muffler,
FIG. 7 is a further embodiment of the exhaust muffler,
FIG. 8 is a perpendicular sectional view of the exhaust muffler from FIG. 7,
FIG. 9 is a further embodiment of the exhaust muffler,
FIG. 10 is a further embodiment of the exhaust muffler, a perpendicular sectional view of the exhaust muffler from FIG. 9,
FIG. 11 is a sectional view of a further embodiment of the exhaust muffler with a bypass pipe and
FIG. 12 is a sectional view of a further embodiment of an exhaust muffler.
FIG. 1 shows an exhaust muffler 100 with an internal combustion engine 11, which is a component of a hand-held tool which however is not shown, as an example. The tool can for example be a motor-driven chain saw, a disk grinder or the like. The exhaust muffler 100 has a housing 12 in which a catalyst 10 is arranged. Furthermore, the housing 12 is constructed with a plurality of inlet openings 13 through which exhaust gas is passed from the motor 11 into the exhaust muffler 100. The exhaust gas enters the housing 12 at a temperature of around 600° C. Inside the housing 12 the catalyst 10 converts the hydrocarbons contained in the exhaust gas large into carbon dioxide and water. The chemical conversion process involves an exothermic reaction process wherein the around 600° C. hot exhaust gas from the motor 11 can be further heated to temperatures above 1000° C. in the housing 12.
The housing 12 is further constructed with an outlet opening 14 through which the exhaust gas is guided from the housing 12. In this embodiment the catalyst 10 is arranged on an area of a housing wall which is constructed with the outlet opening 14. Outside the housing 12 in the area of the outlet opening 14, a means 16 in the form of a helical bent pipe 17 is arranged whereby the flow path of the exhaust gas in the direction of the environment 15 is lengthened (see FIG. 2). In this embodiment the pipe 17 has two ends, the first end facing the outlet opening 14.
The second end is a free end through which the exhaust gas flows into the environment 15.
The converted exhaust gas emerging from the catalyst 10 flows through the outlet opening 14 and enters into the bent pipe 17. In the present embodiment the pipe 17 is bent at the first end in the direction of the housing wall.
Along the further profile the pipe 17 has a spiral profile and is constructed with an outlet opening 18 at the free end through which the exhaust gas enters the environment 15. As a result of the lengthened flow path, the hot exhaust gas is cooled along the pipe wall 17 so that any flame effect formed inside the pipe 17 is counteracted. As a result of such a simple arrangement, a significant reduction in the temperature of the exhaust gas leaving the exhaust muffler 100 or the bent pipe 17 is achieved. It is possible to arrange a spark arrester screen (not shown) in the area of the outlet opening 18.
Affixed above the pipe 17 is a protective element 22 (FIG. 1) which prevents the user from contacting the hot pipe 17 and the housing wall 12. In the present embodiment the protective element 22 is bent in a hood shape or U-shape and is affixed, for example, by means of a screw connection on the housing 12 which is not shown in the figures. The construction of the protective element not shown in FIG. 2 is such that incoming cooling air K is guided over the pipe wall 17 in order to additionally cool the pipe wall 17.
FIGS. 3 and 4 show further alternative embodiments of the exhaust muffler 100. In FIG. 3 the outlet 18 has the form of a diffuser 18 a. FIG. 4 shows a bent pipe 17 which has a plurality of openings 19 in the area of the free end. As a result of both alternative embodiments of the pipe 17 it is achieved that the exhaust gas temperature is reduced in the outlet 18 and flame formation is prevented as far as possible in the outlet region 18. Naturally it is also possible to combine the aforesaid alternatives one with another.
In the embodiment of the exhaust muffler 100 shown in FIG. 5, a labyrinth-shaped channel 29, preferably constructed of longitudinal sections 29 a-29 f parallel to the side edges, is arranged at the outlet opening 14 in order to maximally lengthen the flow path of the exhaust gas in the direction of the environment within the space available. In this case, the channel is closed with a cover not shown in FIG. 5 in order to avoid short-circuiting flow into the environment.
It can also be provided to combine the channel 29 with a counterflow channel 129 to guide cooling air K through which the cooling air K is guided along on the walls of the channel 29. This embodiment is shown in FIG. 6. It must then be provided that in the area of the channel end 130 a corresponding outlet opening is provided for the cooling air K in the cover not shown.
FIGS. 7 and 8 show a further embodiment of the exhaust muffler 100 whose fundamental construction corresponds to the embodiment according to FIG. 2 wherein the bent pipe 17 is constructed by constructing the housing 12 a in the area of the outlet opening 14 as a half-shell in which a channel with a hemispherical cross-section 17 a is stamped to form the pipe 17. Placed hereon is a cover sheet 30 in which a corresponding channel 17 b having a likewise hemispherical cross-section is stamped so that overall the pipe 17 is formed which also has two ends, the first end overlapping into the outlet opening 14 not shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 and the other end being a free end through which the exhaust gas 15 flows into the environment. This embodiment has the advantage that the construction of the pipe 17 is relatively simple from the production technology point of view in that the desired shape of the pipe 17 is simply stamped into the top 12 a as a channel 17 a having a hemispherical or another desired cross section and especially the easily shaped arbitrary profile and the cover sheet 30 is placed thereon as a half-shell having a corresponding profile of the channel 17 b to form the pipe 17. In this embodiment it is also appropriate to provide a protective element not shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 to avoid direct contact of the pipe 17 or the cover sheet 30 wherein it is advantageously also possible here to use this an air baffle plate for the guidance of cooling so that even more effective cooling of the exhaust gas is possible between the outlet opening 14 and the outlet 18 into the environment 15.
Compared with the embodiment shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, the embodiment shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 is shaped such that the muffler outer shell 21 is stamped outwards and the counterpiece 23 which then forms the channel together with the first stamping is incorporated in the muffler. The advantage is that gas leaks at the joints remain in the muffler. The counterpiece 23 can be welded in, clamped in or affixed in another suitable fashion. In this case, it is also feasible that the stamping of the housing wall and pipe shape is as in FIG. 1. An advantage is that complete flow of cooling air around the pipe and a small overall height of the total muffler is achieved if the pipe is attached at sufficient distance from the stamping of the housing wall.
FIG. 9 shows the exhaust muffler 100 from FIG. 1 wherein a bypass pipe 20 is additionally arranged inside the housing 12. The bypass pipe 20 extends from the inlet opening 13 to the outlet opening 14 of the housing 12. As a result of this embodiment some of the non-converted exhaust gas flowing from the motor 11 is specifically guided past the catalyst 10 and mixed with the exhaust gas emerging from the catalyst 10 in the area of the outlet opening 14 of the housing 12. The non-converted cool exhaust gas reduces the temperature of the treated exhaust gas flowing out of the catalyst 10 so that any flames formed can be extinguished by the cold exhaust gas.
In FIG. 10 a dividing wall 24 is arranged inside the housing 12 so that a first and a second space 26, 27 are formed in the housing 12. In contrast to the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 1 or 5 the catalyst 10 is affixed to the dividing wall 24 which forms a connection between the first and the second space 26, 27. The catalyst 10 is arranged in an opening of the dividing wall 24 and is externally connected all the way round to the dividing wall 24 by means of a welded seam so that a gas-tight closure is provided. Naturally the catalyst 10 can be fixed to the dividing wall 24 by other known fixing alternatives. Among other things, it is achieved by the dividing wall 24 that the hot exhaust gas emerging from the catalyst 10 can no longer enter into the area of the inlet opening 13 of the housing 12 so that ignition of the overheated exhaust gas from the catalyst 10 which still has energy-rich constituents as a result of incomplete conversion, is prevented at the inlet opening 13.
Arranged laterally at a distance from the catalyst 10 are bypass holes 25 in the dividing wall 24 through which the exhaust gas can flow from the first space 26 into the second space 27. The partial streams which flow through the bypass holes 25 are not converted by the catalyst 10. In the second space 27 the exhaust gases which flow from the catalyst 10 and from the bypass holes 25 are thoroughly mixed. As in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 5, the exhaust gas located behind the catalyst 10 is cooled by the cold untreated exhaust gas which enters into the second space 27 through the bypass holes 25.
The exhaust muffler 100 can have an insulating layer not shown which is preferably arranged on the housing wall 12.
It is hereby achieved that the temperature of the housing 12 is kept as low as possible. Aluminium silicate which is a poor heat conductor, can be used as insulating material for example. However, other materials with similar insulating properties can also be used. A double-walled design is also possible.
Reference List

100 Exhaust muffler
10 Catalyst
11 Internal combustion engine
12 Housing
12 a Top
13 Inlet opening
14 Outlet opening
15 Environment
16 Means
17 Helical pipe
17 a Channel
17 b Channel
18 Outlet
18 a Diffuser
19 Openings
20 Bypass pipe
21 Muffler outer shell
22 Protective element
23 Counterpiece
24 Dividing wall
25 Bypass opening
26 First space
27 Second space
28 Blower
29 a-29 f Channel sections
K Cooling air
129 Counterflow channel
130 End
30 Cover sheet

Claims

1. An exhaust muffler (100) for an internal combustion engine (11), especially a portable implement, comprising a catalyst (10) which is arranged in a housing (12) which has at least one inlet opening (13) and one outlet opening (14) for exhaust gas flowing out from the internal combustion engine (11) into the environment (15), characterised in that the outlet opening (14) has at least one means (16) through which exhaust gas flows, which is arranged partially outside the housing (12) and has an outlet (18) facing the environment (15), whereby the flow path of the exhaust gas in the direction of the environment (15) is lengthened.

2. The exhaust muffler according to claim 1, characterised in that the means (16) has a labyrinth-shaped channel (29).

3. The exhaust muffler according to claim 1, characterised in that the means (16) comprises a bent pipe (17).

4. The exhaust muffler according to claim 3, characterised in that the pipe (17) has a helical-shaped profile.

5. The exhaust muffler according to claim 1, characterised in that the outlet (18) has the form of a diffuser.

6. The exhaust muffler according to claim 3, characterised in that the pipe (17) is constructed with a plurality of openings (19).

7. The exhaust muffler according to claim 3, characterised by at least one bypass pipe (20) which guides at least some of the exhaust gas flowing out from the internal combustion engine (11) past the catalyst (10) into the means (16).

8. The exhaust muffler according to claim 7, characterised in that an air baffle plate (22) is provided for specific guidance of cooling air to or over the pipe (17) or a channel (29).

9. The exhaust muffler according to claim 8, characterised in that the air baffle plate (22) is a protective element against direct contact of the pipe (17) or the channel (29).

10. The exhaust muffler according to claim 9, characterised in that the protective element air baffle plate (22) is constructed such that it can be placed subsequently on the housing (12).

11. The exhaust muffler according to claim 9, characterised in that the protective element air baffle plate (22) is constructed from a perforated sheet to reduce the weight.

12. The exhaust muffler according to claim 1, characterised in that the catalyst (10) is arranged on one region of the outlet opening (14).

13. The exhaust muffler according to claim 1, characterised in that a dividing wall (24) is arranged inside the housing (12) so that a first space (26) and a second space (27) is formed inside the housing (12), wherein the catalyst (10) is arranged at the dividing wall (24) and connects the first and the second space (26, 27).

14. The exhaust muffler according to claim 13, characterised in that the dividing wall (24) has at least one bypass opening (25).

15. The exhaust muffler according to claim 1, characterised in that the housing (12) is constructed with an insulating layer.

16. The exhaust muffler according to claim 1, characterised in that insulating material is arranged inside the housing (12).

17. The exhaust muffler according to claim 1, characterised in that the outlet (18) has a spark arrester screen.

18. A portable implement with an internal combustion engine comprising an exhaust muffler (100) according to claim 1.