US20050126989A1 - Water clarification system with coalescing media - Google Patents
Water clarification system with coalescing media Download PDFInfo
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- US20050126989A1 US20050126989A1 US11/039,503 US3950305A US2005126989A1 US 20050126989 A1 US20050126989 A1 US 20050126989A1 US 3950305 A US3950305 A US 3950305A US 2005126989 A1 US2005126989 A1 US 2005126989A1
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- cavity
- liquid
- basket
- media
- passageway
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D17/00—Separation of liquids, not provided for elsewhere, e.g. by thermal diffusion
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D17/00—Separation of liquids, not provided for elsewhere, e.g. by thermal diffusion
- B01D17/02—Separation of non-miscible liquids
- B01D17/0208—Separation of non-miscible liquids by sedimentation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D17/00—Separation of liquids, not provided for elsewhere, e.g. by thermal diffusion
- B01D17/02—Separation of non-miscible liquids
- B01D17/0208—Separation of non-miscible liquids by sedimentation
- B01D17/0211—Separation of non-miscible liquids by sedimentation with baffles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D17/00—Separation of liquids, not provided for elsewhere, e.g. by thermal diffusion
- B01D17/02—Separation of non-miscible liquids
- B01D17/0208—Separation of non-miscible liquids by sedimentation
- B01D17/0214—Separation of non-miscible liquids by sedimentation with removal of one of the phases
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D17/00—Separation of liquids, not provided for elsewhere, e.g. by thermal diffusion
- B01D17/02—Separation of non-miscible liquids
- B01D17/04—Breaking emulsions
- B01D17/045—Breaking emulsions with coalescers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S210/00—Liquid purification or separation
- Y10S210/05—Coalescer
Definitions
- the present invention relates to water clarification and oil-water separators.
- a water clarification system can be an oil-water separator used to separate contaminants from water.
- the water is typically rain runoff from a parking lot.
- the contaminants are typically oil, sludge and gravel.
- the separator may be buried in the ground. In operation, a mixture of the water and the contaminants enters the separator. The water exits the separator, while the contaminants are retained by and in the separator. The contaminants may be manually removed from the separator by way of manholes located along the top of the separator.
- An apparatus comprises a casing defining a cavity having a top, a bottom and front and rear ends.
- the casing is configured to conduct a liquid along a flow path through the cavity from the front end to the rear end.
- a holding structure in the cavity, defines a chamber that can be filled with coalescing media.
- the holding structure has a top passageway through which the liquid can flow downwardly into the chamber and a rear passageway through which the liquid can flow rearwardly out of the chamber. Blocking structures constrain the flow path to extend through the top passageway into the chamber.
- the blocking structures include a lower blocking structure extending from a front end of the top passageway down to the bottom of the cavity.
- the blocking structures further include an upper blocking structure extending upward from a rear end of the top passageway. Liquid can bypass the chamber through a bypass passageway in the cavity only when the liquid is above a predetermined level.
- the holding structure includes a frame connected to the casing and a porous basket extending downward from the frame.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a side sectional view of the embodiment of FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a part shown in FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 4A is a sectional view of other parts shown in FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 4B is a sectional view taken at line 4 B- 4 B of FIG. 4A ;
- FIG. 5 is a perspective view of yet other parts shown in FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a part shown in FIG. 5 .
- the apparatus 10 shown in FIG. 1 has parts which, as described below, are examples of the elements recited in the claims.
- the apparatus 10 is a water-contaminant separator.
- the separator 10 is used to separate contaminants from a liquid.
- the liquid is water, such as rain runoff from a parking lot.
- the contaminants can be buoyant, such as oil and styrofoam debris, or sedimentary, such as sludge and gravel.
- the separator 10 includes a cylindrical casing 14 . In operation, a mixture of the water and the contaminants enters the casing 14 through an inlet structure 22 . The contaminants are initially either floating at the top of the water, settled at the bottom, or suspended in-between.
- a plate coalescer 26 and a media coalecser 30 within the casing 14 promote floating of the initially-suspended buoyant contaminants and settling of the initially-suspended sedimentary contaminants.
- baffles 38 of various types within the casing 14 retain the floating and settled contaminants in the casing 14 .
- the contaminants may be manually removed from the casing 14 through manways 41 , 42 and 43 located along the top of the chamber 14 .
- the separator 10 is configured to operate in an installed orientation shown in FIG. 2 , typically buried in the ground.
- the various features of the separator 10 are described as follows with reference to the installed orientation.
- the cylindrical casing 14 is centered on a horizontal axis 45 .
- the casing 14 has an inner surface 46 that surrounds the axis 45 to define a cavity 47 .
- the casing 14 comprises a cylindrical inner liner 50 surrounded by a corrugated wall 52 with circumferentially-extending corrugations 54 .
- the inner liner 50 defines the inner surface 46 of the casing 14 .
- Front and rear walls 56 and 58 cap the casing 14 at axially front and rear ends 66 and 68 of the cavity 47 .
- the cavity 47 has a top 70 , a bottom 72 and two opposite sides 74 and 76 . As indicated by arrows 79 , the chamber 14 is configured to conduct the mixture of the water and the contaminants rearward through the cavity 47 from the inlet structure 22 to the outlet structure 34 .
- the cavity 47 is divided by the baffles 38 into first, second, third and fourth compartments 81 , 82 , 83 and 84 , as shown in FIG. 2 .
- first, second, third and fourth compartments 81 , 82 , 83 and 84 a portion of the initially-suspended contaminants rises upward or settles downward.
- the resulting floating and settled contaminants are inhibited by the baffles 38 from progressing along with water from one compartment 81 , 82 , 83 and 84 to the next.
- the outlet structure 34 comprises a horizontal tube 90 and a vertical tube 92 joined at an elbow junction 94 .
- the vertical tube 92 has an intake opening 96 within the fourth compartment 84 .
- the vertical tube 92 extends from the intake opening 96 upward to the junction 94 .
- the horizontal tube 90 in turn, extends from the junction 94 axially rearward through the rear wall 58 .
- the horizontal tube 90 has a horizontal channel 97 .
- a bottom 99 of the horizontal channel 97 defines a nominal water line 101 within the cavity 47 .
- the nominal water line 101 corresponds to the surface of the water in a normal flow condition of the separator 10 .
- the nominal water line 101 coincides with the central axis 45 of the casing 14 .
- the intake opening 96 is located midway between the nominal water line 101 and the bottom 72 of the cavity 47 . This helps prevent both the floating and settled contaminants from exiting the cavity 47 through the intake opening 96 .
- the inlet structure 22 comprises a horizontal tube 110 and a vertical tube 112 joined at an elbow junction 114 .
- the horizontal tube 110 of the inlet structure 22 extends axially rearward through the front wall 56 to the elbow junction 114 within the first chamber 81 .
- the vertical tube 112 extends downward from the junction 114 and has a discharge opening 116 within the first compartment 81 .
- the horizontal tube 110 has a horizontal inlet channel 117 through which water flows rearward toward the junction 114 .
- the horizontal inlet channel 117 has a top 118 and a bottom 119 , both located above the nominal water line 101 . This impedes the water from draining out of the cavity 47 by way of the inlet structure 22 .
- the discharge opening 116 of the inlet structure 22 is submerged below the nominal water line 101 . Accordingly, the water spilling down from the horizontal inlet channel 117 hits the nominal water lines 101 inside the vertical inlet tube 112 . Most of the resulting turbulence is thus confined to within the vertical tube 112 , which reduces turbulence elsewhere within the cavity 47 . This is beneficial, because turbulence detrimentally impedes rising and settling of the contaminants.
- One of the baffles 38 is a transversely-extending (with respect to the axis 45 ) perforated weir 120 .
- the weir 120 is located rearward of the inlet structure 22 and separates the first compartment 81 from the second compartment 82 . As shown in FIG. 3 , the weir 120 extends from the bottom 72 of the cavity 47 up to a horizontal top edge 122 of the weir 120 .
- the top edge 122 extends transversely and horizontally from one side 74 of the casing 14 to the other side 76 .
- the weir 120 thus defines a barrier to water flow bounded by the top edge 122 and the casing 14 .
- the top edge 122 of the weir 120 is located above the nominal water line, indicated in FIG. 3 axially by the dashed line 101 and transversely by dashed line 127 . This prevents the mixture from floating over, and thus bypassing, the weir 120 under normal flow conditions. However, the top edge 122 is spaced below the top 70 of the cavity 47 , and, preferably, even lower than the top 118 of the horizontal inlet channel 117 ( FIG. 2 ). This provides an open section between the top edge 122 of the weir 120 and the top 70 of the cavity 47 through which the water can quickly flow, and bypass the weir 120 , during abnormally high flow conditions.
- the weir 120 consists of a perforated upper section 124 and a non-perforated lower section 126 .
- the perforated upper section 124 has two horizontal rows 128 of holes 129 located below the nominal water line 101 .
- the rows 128 are vertically overlapping.
- the holes 129 are separated from each other, with the holes 129 of one row 128 horizontally offset from adjacent holes 129 of the other row 129 . Accordingly, the holes 129 of one row 128 are interleaved with, and staggered relative to, the holes 129 of the other row 128 . This enables compact packing of the holes 129 .
- the holes 129 are fluid flow apertures configured to pass water but not debris larger than the holes 129 .
- the perforated upper section 124 thus filters out larger contaminants from the water to retain them in the first compartment 81 , shown in FIG. 2 .
- the lower section 126 is non-perforated to prevent even small sediment from passing from the first compartment 81 to the second compartment 82 .
- the weir 120 is free of fluid flow apertures 129 below a first level L 1 located vertically halfway between the bottom 72 of the cavity 47 and the top edge 122 .
- the weir 120 is also free of fluid flow apertures 129 below a second level L 2 vertically halfway between the bottom 72 of the cavity 47 and the nominal water line 127 .
- the plate coalescer 26 is located rearward of the weir 120 between the second and third compartments 82 and 83 .
- the plate coalescer 26 comprises an inclined stack of corrugated plates 130 .
- Each plate 130 extends from a bottom edge 132 of the plate 130 rearward and upward to a top edge 134 of the plate 130 .
- the bottom edge 132 is spaced from the bottom 72 of the cavity 47 , and the top edge 134 is located below the nominal water line 101 . This configuration enables the water to enter the coalescer 26 from below, to flow rearward and rearward in-between the plates 130 , and to exit the coalescer 26 from above.
- Each plate 130 is corrugated, with corrugations 136 extending rearward and upward fully from the bottom edge 132 to the top edge 134 .
- the corrugations 136 are thus aligned along the direction of the water flow between the plates 130 , as indicated by the arrows 79 .
- each corrugation 136 of each plate 130 is positioned directly above a corrugation 136 of the plate 130 just below it.
- Each plate 130 has two opposite side edges 138 received in respective grooves (not shown) in two opposite plate retainers 139 .
- Flow of the mixture rearwardly upward in-between the plates 130 shown in FIG. 4A promotes coalescing of the initially-suspended particles and droplets into agglomerates.
- the agglomerates have more buoyancy for floating upward or more weight for settling downward.
- the floating agglomerates can flow out the top of the coalescer 26 into the third compartment 83 where they can float at the water surface 101 .
- the sedimentary agglomerates can be swept by the water out the top of the coalescer 26 and settle as sediment at the bottom of the third compartment 83 .
- the sedimentary agglomerates can slide down the plates 130 to settle as sediment at the bottom 72 of the second compartment 82 .
- An upper coalescer baffle 140 which is one of the baffles 38 mentioned above, extends from a front one of the coalescer plates 130 upward to the casing 14 .
- the upper coalescer baffle 140 prevents any floating contaminants in the second compartment 82 from migrating to the third compartment 83 .
- the upper coalescer baffle 140 also prevents the mixture from flowing rearwardly over, and thus bypassing, the coalescer 26 under normal flow conditions when the water is below a predetermined level L 3 .
- a bypass flow opening 141 in the upper baffle 140 allows the mixture to bypass the plate coalescer 26 under high flow conditions when the water rises above the predetermined level L 3 .
- a lower coalescer baffle 142 extends from a rear one of the plates 130 downward to the casing 14 .
- the lower coalescer baffle 142 prevents the water from flowing rearwardly under, and thus bypassing, the coalescer 26 .
- the lower coalescer baffle 142 also prevents any sediment in the second compartment 82 from migrating to the third compartment 83 . In this manner, the lower baffle 142 , along with the upper baffle 140 and the plates 130 , separates the second compartment 82 from the third compartment 83 .
- the media coalecser 30 is located rearward of the coalescer 26 , in front of the outlet structure 34 , and between the third and fourth compartments 83 and 84 .
- the media coalecser 30 comprises a frame 150 , two porous baskets 152 , and coalescing media 154 . When in use, the media 154 is contained in the baskets 152 .
- a porous bag 155 is used to contain the media 154 during transport to and from each basket 152 .
- the media 154 is first transported to the basket 152 while encased in the porous bag 155 .
- the media 154 is placed in the basket 152 along with the bag 155 and remains encased in the bag 155 while in use. While in use, the bag 155 prevents the water from sweeping the media 154 out of the basket 152 .
- the media 154 is removed from the basket 152 by simply lifting the bag 155 out of the basket 152 .
- the frame 150 is located below the nominal water line 101 .
- the frame 150 comprises a nonporous plate 156 extending horizontally from one side 74 ( FIG. 1 ) of the casing 14 to the other side 76 .
- the plate 156 has two side-by-side rectangular openings 157 . From the two openings 157 , two nonporous rectangular tubes 158 extend downward to two bottom openings 159 .
- the two porous baskets 152 hang down from the two tubes 158 .
- Each basket 152 consists of a screen 160 extending downward from a top opening 161 of the basket 152 .
- This top opening 161 coincides with the bottom opening 159 of the respective tube 158 .
- the screen 160 passes the water while retaining the coalescing media 154 .
- the basket 152 is trough-shaped, with a porous bottom wall 171 , porous opposite side walls 172 and 173 , and porous front and rear walls 174 and 175 .
- the water flows by force of gravity into the basket 152 vertically downward through the top opening 161 , as shown in FIG. 6 .
- the water then flows through the coalescing media 154 ( FIG. 5 ) in the basket 52 .
- the water flows, further, out of the basket 152 in several directions. Specifically, the water can flow downward through the bottom wall 171 . This flow is in a first direction 181 extending vertically downward through the top opening 161 , perpendicular to the axis 45 of the casing 14 ( FIG. 2 ).
- the water can flow out of the basket 152 also through the side walls 172 and 173 .
- the porous walls 171 , 172 , 173 , 174 and 175 are all spaced from the casing 14 .
- the water can flow outward through of the basket 152 in multiple, mutually opposite or perpendicular, directions 181 , 182 , 183 , 184 and 185 , and those directions 181 , 182 , 183 , 184 and 185 include both vertical and horizontal directions.
- a depth D of the basket 152 is preferably at least as large as the narrowest width W of the top opening 161 .
- the porous wall 160 extends downward sufficiently such that the surface area of the porous wall 160 is at least double the area encircled by the top opening 161 . In this example, the area encircled by the top opening 161 equals the length L of the opening 161 times the width W of the opening 161 .
- the coalescing media 154 in this example is in the form of balls 200 known in the art.
- balls 200 are Jaeger Tri-Packs® sold by Jaeger Products, Inc. of Houston, Tex.
- Each ball 200 comprises a network of plastic ribs (not shown).
- the network of ribs promotes coalescing of the initially-suspended particles and droplets into agglomerates that have sufficient buoyancy to float upward or sufficient weight to settle downward. Alternatively, the agglomerates can have sufficient size and adhesion to be caught or adhered by the rib network itself.
- each ball 200 can roll about the pile due to its round shape, until pile is compactly packed.
- the media 154 fills each basket 152 and extends upward into each tube 158 . This ensures that the water flowing into the basket 152 through the top opening 161 and outward through the basket 152 must flow through the media 154 .
- a lower media coalecser baffle 210 shown in FIGS. 2 and 5 , is one of the baffles 38 mentioned above. It is located in front of the basket 152 and extends vertically from a front end 212 of the frame 150 downward to the casing 14 . The lower baffle 210 also extends upward from the front end 212 almost to the nominal water line 101 . The lower media coalecser baffle 210 prevents the mixture from bypassing the top opening 161 from the side or from below. The lower media coalecser baffle 210 also prevents sediment in the third compartment 83 from migrating to the fourth compartment 84 .
- An upper media coalecser baffle 214 is located rearward of the basket 152 and extends vertically from a rear end 215 of the plate 156 upward to the casing 14 .
- the upper baffle 214 also extends downward from the rear end 215 of the plate 156 without reaching the bottom 72 of the cavity 47 .
- the upper baffle 214 prevents floating contaminants in the third compartment 83 from migrating to the fourth compartment 84 .
- the upper baffle 214 also prevents the water from bypassing the basket 152 from above under normal flow conditions, when the water is below the predetermined level L 3 .
- a bypass flow opening 217 in the upper baffle 214 allows the water to bypass the media coalescer 30 under high flow conditions, when the water rises above the predetermined level L 3 .
- the upper baffle 214 , the lower baffle 210 and the non-porous frame 150 together constrain the water flowing through the cavity 47 from the front end 66 to the rear end 68 to flow through the top opening 161 into the basket 152 under normal flow conditions. Consequently, the upper baffle 214 , the lower baffle 210 and the media coalecser 30 separate the third compartment 83 from the fourth compartment 84 .
- the manways 41 , 42 and 43 are designated first, second and third manways 41 , 42 and 43 . They are spaced axially along the casing 14 and extend upward from the top 70 of the cavity 47 .
- the manways 41 , 42 and 43 provide access to the various compartments 81 , 82 , 83 and 84 for manually removing the floating and settled contaminants that are retained in those respective compartments 81 , 82 , 83 and 84 .
- the first manway 41 is located above the weir 120 for removing the contaminants retained in the first and second compartment 81 and 82 .
- the second manway 42 is located above the third compartment 83 for removing the contaminants retained in the third compartment 83 , and also for removing the baskets 152 and the coalescing media 154 .
- the third manway 43 is located above the fourth compartment 84 for removing the contaminants retained in the fourth compartment 84 .
Abstract
A casing defines a cavity having a top, a bottom and front and rear ends. The casing is configured to conduct a liquid along a flow path through the cavity from the front end to the rear end. A holding structure, in the cavity, defines a chamber that can be filled with coalescing media. The holding structure has a top passageway through which the liquid can flow downwardly into the chamber and a rear passageway through which the liquid can flow rearwardly out of the chamber. Blocking structures constrain the flow path to extend through the top passageway into the chamber.
Description
- This application is a division of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/614,156, filed Jul. 7, 2003, incorporated herein by reference, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/448,326, filed Feb. 19, 2003.
- The present invention relates to water clarification and oil-water separators.
- A water clarification system can be an oil-water separator used to separate contaminants from water. The water is typically rain runoff from a parking lot. The contaminants are typically oil, sludge and gravel. The separator may be buried in the ground. In operation, a mixture of the water and the contaminants enters the separator. The water exits the separator, while the contaminants are retained by and in the separator. The contaminants may be manually removed from the separator by way of manholes located along the top of the separator.
- An apparatus comprises a casing defining a cavity having a top, a bottom and front and rear ends. The casing is configured to conduct a liquid along a flow path through the cavity from the front end to the rear end. A holding structure, in the cavity, defines a chamber that can be filled with coalescing media. The holding structure has a top passageway through which the liquid can flow downwardly into the chamber and a rear passageway through which the liquid can flow rearwardly out of the chamber. Blocking structures constrain the flow path to extend through the top passageway into the chamber.
- Preferably, the blocking structures include a lower blocking structure extending from a front end of the top passageway down to the bottom of the cavity. The blocking structures further include an upper blocking structure extending upward from a rear end of the top passageway. Liquid can bypass the chamber through a bypass passageway in the cavity only when the liquid is above a predetermined level. The holding structure includes a frame connected to the casing and a porous basket extending downward from the frame.
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FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 2 is a side sectional view of the embodiment ofFIG. 1 ; -
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a part shown inFIG. 1 ; -
FIG. 4A is a sectional view of other parts shown inFIG. 1 ; -
FIG. 4B is a sectional view taken atline 4B-4B ofFIG. 4A ; -
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of yet other parts shown inFIG. 1 ; and -
FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a part shown inFIG. 5 . - The
apparatus 10 shown inFIG. 1 has parts which, as described below, are examples of the elements recited in the claims. - The
apparatus 10 is a water-contaminant separator. Theseparator 10 is used to separate contaminants from a liquid. In this example, the liquid is water, such as rain runoff from a parking lot. The contaminants can be buoyant, such as oil and styrofoam debris, or sedimentary, such as sludge and gravel. Theseparator 10 includes acylindrical casing 14. In operation, a mixture of the water and the contaminants enters thecasing 14 through aninlet structure 22. The contaminants are initially either floating at the top of the water, settled at the bottom, or suspended in-between. A plate coalescer 26 and amedia coalecser 30 within thecasing 14 promote floating of the initially-suspended buoyant contaminants and settling of the initially-suspended sedimentary contaminants. As the water exits thetank structure 14 through anoutlet structure 34,baffles 38 of various types within thecasing 14 retain the floating and settled contaminants in thecasing 14. The contaminants may be manually removed from thecasing 14 throughmanways chamber 14. - The
separator 10 is configured to operate in an installed orientation shown inFIG. 2 , typically buried in the ground. The various features of theseparator 10 are described as follows with reference to the installed orientation. - The
cylindrical casing 14 is centered on ahorizontal axis 45. Thecasing 14 has aninner surface 46 that surrounds theaxis 45 to define acavity 47. In this example, thecasing 14 comprises a cylindricalinner liner 50 surrounded by acorrugated wall 52 with circumferentially-extendingcorrugations 54. Theinner liner 50 defines theinner surface 46 of thecasing 14. Front andrear walls casing 14 at axially front andrear ends cavity 47. - The
cavity 47 has atop 70, abottom 72 and twoopposite sides arrows 79, thechamber 14 is configured to conduct the mixture of the water and the contaminants rearward through thecavity 47 from theinlet structure 22 to theoutlet structure 34. - The
cavity 47 is divided by thebaffles 38 into first, second, third andfourth compartments FIG. 2 . In eachcompartment baffles 38 from progressing along with water from onecompartment - The
outlet structure 34 comprises ahorizontal tube 90 and avertical tube 92 joined at anelbow junction 94. Thevertical tube 92 has an intake opening 96 within thefourth compartment 84. Thevertical tube 92 extends from the intake opening 96 upward to thejunction 94. Thehorizontal tube 90, in turn, extends from thejunction 94 axially rearward through therear wall 58. - The
horizontal tube 90 has ahorizontal channel 97. Abottom 99 of thehorizontal channel 97 defines anominal water line 101 within thecavity 47. Thenominal water line 101 corresponds to the surface of the water in a normal flow condition of theseparator 10. In this example, thenominal water line 101 coincides with thecentral axis 45 of thecasing 14. Theintake opening 96 is located midway between thenominal water line 101 and the bottom 72 of thecavity 47. This helps prevent both the floating and settled contaminants from exiting thecavity 47 through theintake opening 96. - Like the
outlet structure 34, theinlet structure 22 comprises ahorizontal tube 110 and avertical tube 112 joined at anelbow junction 114. Thehorizontal tube 110 of theinlet structure 22 extends axially rearward through thefront wall 56 to theelbow junction 114 within thefirst chamber 81. Thevertical tube 112 extends downward from thejunction 114 and has adischarge opening 116 within thefirst compartment 81. - The
horizontal tube 110 has ahorizontal inlet channel 117 through which water flows rearward toward thejunction 114. Thehorizontal inlet channel 117 has a top 118 and a bottom 119, both located above thenominal water line 101. This impedes the water from draining out of thecavity 47 by way of theinlet structure 22. - The
discharge opening 116 of theinlet structure 22 is submerged below thenominal water line 101. Accordingly, the water spilling down from thehorizontal inlet channel 117 hits thenominal water lines 101 inside thevertical inlet tube 112. Most of the resulting turbulence is thus confined to within thevertical tube 112, which reduces turbulence elsewhere within thecavity 47. This is beneficial, because turbulence detrimentally impedes rising and settling of the contaminants. - One of the
baffles 38 is a transversely-extending (with respect to the axis 45)perforated weir 120. Theweir 120 is located rearward of theinlet structure 22 and separates thefirst compartment 81 from thesecond compartment 82. As shown inFIG. 3 , theweir 120 extends from the bottom 72 of thecavity 47 up to a horizontaltop edge 122 of theweir 120. Thetop edge 122 extends transversely and horizontally from oneside 74 of thecasing 14 to theother side 76. Theweir 120 thus defines a barrier to water flow bounded by thetop edge 122 and thecasing 14. - The
top edge 122 of theweir 120 is located above the nominal water line, indicated inFIG. 3 axially by the dashedline 101 and transversely by dashedline 127. This prevents the mixture from floating over, and thus bypassing, theweir 120 under normal flow conditions. However, thetop edge 122 is spaced below the top 70 of thecavity 47, and, preferably, even lower than the top 118 of the horizontal inlet channel 117 (FIG. 2 ). This provides an open section between thetop edge 122 of theweir 120 and the top 70 of thecavity 47 through which the water can quickly flow, and bypass theweir 120, during abnormally high flow conditions. - The
weir 120 consists of a perforatedupper section 124 and a non-perforatedlower section 126. The perforatedupper section 124 has twohorizontal rows 128 ofholes 129 located below thenominal water line 101. Therows 128 are vertically overlapping. Theholes 129 are separated from each other, with theholes 129 of onerow 128 horizontally offset fromadjacent holes 129 of theother row 129. Accordingly, theholes 129 of onerow 128 are interleaved with, and staggered relative to, theholes 129 of theother row 128. This enables compact packing of theholes 129. Theholes 129 are fluid flow apertures configured to pass water but not debris larger than theholes 129. The perforatedupper section 124 thus filters out larger contaminants from the water to retain them in thefirst compartment 81, shown inFIG. 2 . - The
lower section 126 is non-perforated to prevent even small sediment from passing from thefirst compartment 81 to thesecond compartment 82. To this end, theweir 120 is free offluid flow apertures 129 below a first level L1 located vertically halfway between the bottom 72 of thecavity 47 and thetop edge 122. Theweir 120 is also free offluid flow apertures 129 below a second level L2 vertically halfway between the bottom 72 of thecavity 47 and thenominal water line 127. - The
plate coalescer 26, as shown inFIG. 2 , is located rearward of theweir 120 between the second andthird compartments FIGS. 4A and 4B , theplate coalescer 26 comprises an inclined stack ofcorrugated plates 130. Eachplate 130 extends from abottom edge 132 of theplate 130 rearward and upward to atop edge 134 of theplate 130. Thebottom edge 132 is spaced from the bottom 72 of thecavity 47, and thetop edge 134 is located below thenominal water line 101. This configuration enables the water to enter thecoalescer 26 from below, to flow rearward and rearward in-between theplates 130, and to exit thecoalescer 26 from above. - Each
plate 130 is corrugated, withcorrugations 136 extending rearward and upward fully from thebottom edge 132 to thetop edge 134. Thecorrugations 136 are thus aligned along the direction of the water flow between theplates 130, as indicated by thearrows 79. As shown inFIG. 4B , eachcorrugation 136 of eachplate 130 is positioned directly above acorrugation 136 of theplate 130 just below it. Eachplate 130 has two opposite side edges 138 received in respective grooves (not shown) in twoopposite plate retainers 139. - Flow of the mixture rearwardly upward in-between the
plates 130 shown inFIG. 4A promotes coalescing of the initially-suspended particles and droplets into agglomerates. Relative to the suspended particles and droplets, the agglomerates have more buoyancy for floating upward or more weight for settling downward. The floating agglomerates can flow out the top of thecoalescer 26 into thethird compartment 83 where they can float at thewater surface 101. Similarly, the sedimentary agglomerates can be swept by the water out the top of thecoalescer 26 and settle as sediment at the bottom of thethird compartment 83. Alternatively, the sedimentary agglomerates can slide down theplates 130 to settle as sediment at the bottom 72 of thesecond compartment 82. - An
upper coalescer baffle 140, which is one of thebaffles 38 mentioned above, extends from a front one of thecoalescer plates 130 upward to thecasing 14. Theupper coalescer baffle 140 prevents any floating contaminants in thesecond compartment 82 from migrating to thethird compartment 83. Theupper coalescer baffle 140 also prevents the mixture from flowing rearwardly over, and thus bypassing, thecoalescer 26 under normal flow conditions when the water is below a predetermined level L3. A bypass flow opening 141 in theupper baffle 140 allows the mixture to bypass theplate coalescer 26 under high flow conditions when the water rises above the predetermined level L3. - A
lower coalescer baffle 142 extends from a rear one of theplates 130 downward to thecasing 14. Thelower coalescer baffle 142 prevents the water from flowing rearwardly under, and thus bypassing, thecoalescer 26. Thelower coalescer baffle 142 also prevents any sediment in thesecond compartment 82 from migrating to thethird compartment 83. In this manner, thelower baffle 142, along with theupper baffle 140 and theplates 130, separates thesecond compartment 82 from thethird compartment 83. - The
media coalecser 30, as shown inFIG. 2 , is located rearward of thecoalescer 26, in front of theoutlet structure 34, and between the third andfourth compartments FIG. 5 , themedia coalecser 30 comprises aframe 150, twoporous baskets 152, and coalescingmedia 154. When in use, themedia 154 is contained in thebaskets 152. - A
porous bag 155 is used to contain themedia 154 during transport to and from eachbasket 152. To fill thebasket 152, themedia 154 is first transported to thebasket 152 while encased in theporous bag 155. Themedia 154 is placed in thebasket 152 along with thebag 155 and remains encased in thebag 155 while in use. While in use, thebag 155 prevents the water from sweeping themedia 154 out of thebasket 152. Themedia 154 is removed from thebasket 152 by simply lifting thebag 155 out of thebasket 152. - The
frame 150 is located below thenominal water line 101. Theframe 150 comprises anonporous plate 156 extending horizontally from one side 74 (FIG. 1 ) of thecasing 14 to theother side 76. Theplate 156 has two side-by-siderectangular openings 157. From the twoopenings 157, two nonporousrectangular tubes 158 extend downward to twobottom openings 159. - The two
porous baskets 152 hang down from the twotubes 158. Eachbasket 152 consists of ascreen 160 extending downward from atop opening 161 of thebasket 152. Thistop opening 161 coincides with thebottom opening 159 of therespective tube 158. Thescreen 160 passes the water while retaining the coalescingmedia 154. As shown inFIG. 6 , thebasket 152 is trough-shaped, with aporous bottom wall 171, porousopposite side walls rear walls - The water flows by force of gravity into the
basket 152 vertically downward through thetop opening 161, as shown inFIG. 6 . The water then flows through the coalescing media 154 (FIG. 5 ) in thebasket 52. The water flows, further, out of thebasket 152 in several directions. Specifically, the water can flow downward through thebottom wall 171. This flow is in afirst direction 181 extending vertically downward through thetop opening 161, perpendicular to theaxis 45 of the casing 14 (FIG. 2 ). The water can flow out of thebasket 152 also through theside walls third directions first direction 181 and perpendicular toaxis 45 of thecasing 14. The water can flow out of thebasket 152 also through the front andrear walls fourth direction 184 and a horizontal rearwardfifth direction 185. Thesedirections third directions axis 45 of thecasing 14. So as not to obstruct the water outflow in thesedirections porous walls casing 14. - Accordingly, the water can flow outward through of the
basket 152 in multiple, mutually opposite or perpendicular,directions directions basket 152 is preferably at least as large as the narrowest width W of thetop opening 161. Additionally, theporous wall 160 extends downward sufficiently such that the surface area of theporous wall 160 is at least double the area encircled by thetop opening 161. In this example, the area encircled by thetop opening 161 equals the length L of theopening 161 times the width W of theopening 161. - The coalescing
media 154 in this example, shown schematically inFIG. 5 , is in the form ofballs 200 known in the art. Examples ofsuch balls 200 are Jaeger Tri-Packs® sold by Jaeger Products, Inc. of Houston, Tex. Eachball 200 comprises a network of plastic ribs (not shown). The network of ribs promotes coalescing of the initially-suspended particles and droplets into agglomerates that have sufficient buoyancy to float upward or sufficient weight to settle downward. Alternatively, the agglomerates can have sufficient size and adhesion to be caught or adhered by the rib network itself. When theballs 200 are first piled into thebasket 152, eachball 200 can roll about the pile due to its round shape, until pile is compactly packed. Themedia 154 fills eachbasket 152 and extends upward into eachtube 158. This ensures that the water flowing into thebasket 152 through thetop opening 161 and outward through thebasket 152 must flow through themedia 154. - A lower
media coalecser baffle 210, shown inFIGS. 2 and 5 , is one of thebaffles 38 mentioned above. It is located in front of thebasket 152 and extends vertically from afront end 212 of theframe 150 downward to thecasing 14. Thelower baffle 210 also extends upward from thefront end 212 almost to thenominal water line 101. The lowermedia coalecser baffle 210 prevents the mixture from bypassing thetop opening 161 from the side or from below. The lowermedia coalecser baffle 210 also prevents sediment in thethird compartment 83 from migrating to thefourth compartment 84. - An upper
media coalecser baffle 214 is located rearward of thebasket 152 and extends vertically from arear end 215 of theplate 156 upward to thecasing 14. Theupper baffle 214 also extends downward from therear end 215 of theplate 156 without reaching the bottom 72 of thecavity 47. Theupper baffle 214 prevents floating contaminants in thethird compartment 83 from migrating to thefourth compartment 84. Theupper baffle 214 also prevents the water from bypassing thebasket 152 from above under normal flow conditions, when the water is below the predetermined level L3. A bypass flow opening 217 in theupper baffle 214 allows the water to bypass themedia coalescer 30 under high flow conditions, when the water rises above the predetermined level L3. - Thus, the
upper baffle 214, thelower baffle 210 and thenon-porous frame 150 together constrain the water flowing through thecavity 47 from thefront end 66 to therear end 68 to flow through thetop opening 161 into thebasket 152 under normal flow conditions. Consequently, theupper baffle 214, thelower baffle 210 and themedia coalecser 30 separate thethird compartment 83 from thefourth compartment 84. - The
manways FIG. 2 , are designated first, second andthird manways casing 14 and extend upward from the top 70 of thecavity 47. Themanways various compartments respective compartments first manway 41 is located above theweir 120 for removing the contaminants retained in the first andsecond compartment second manway 42 is located above thethird compartment 83 for removing the contaminants retained in thethird compartment 83, and also for removing thebaskets 152 and the coalescingmedia 154. Thethird manway 43 is located above thefourth compartment 84 for removing the contaminants retained in thefourth compartment 84. - This written description uses examples to disclose the invention, including the best mode, and also to enable any person skilled in the art to make and use the invention. The patentable scope of the invention is defined by the claims, and may include other examples that occur to those skilled in the art. Such other examples are intended to be within the scope of the claims if they have elements that do not differ from the literal language of the claims, or if they include equivalent structural elements with insubstantial differences from the literal language of the claims.
Claims (20)
1. An apparatus comprising:
a casing defining a cavity having a top, a bottom and front and rear ends, and configured to conduct a liquid along a flow path through the cavity from the front end to the rear end;
a holding structure, in the cavity, defining a media chamber that can be filled with coalescing media, the holding structure having a top passageway through which the liquid can flow downwardly into the media chamber and a rear passageway through which the liquid can flow rearwardly out of the media chamber; and
blocking structures that constrain the flow path to extend through the top passageway into the media chamber.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the blocking structures include a lower blocking structure extending from a front end of the top passageway down to the bottom of the cavity.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the blocking structures include an upper blocking structure extending from a rear end of the top passageway upward.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a bypass passageway in the cavity through which the liquid can bypass the media chamber only when the liquid is above a predetermined level.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the holding structure includes a frame connected to the casing and a porous basket extending downward from the frame.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising an outlet tube at the rear end of the cavity through which the liquid can exit the cavity, the outlet tube defining a horizontal outlet channel with a bottom that is above the top opening of the holding structure.
7. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising coalescing media within the media chamber.
8. The apparatus of claim 7 further comprising, in the media chamber, a porous bag containing the media
9. An apparatus comprising:
a casing surrounding an axis to define a cavity having a top, a bottom and axially front and rear ends, and configured to conduct a liquid along a flow path through the cavity from the front end to the rear end;
a porous basket structure in the cavity that can hold coalescing media and that has a top opening, the basket structure being configured for the liquid to flow downward through the top opening into the basket structure, through the coalescing media, and outward through the basket structure in a downward direction and a horizontal direction; and
blocking structures that constrain the flow path to extend through the top passageway into the chamber.
10. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein the blocking structures include a lower blocking structure extending from a front end of the top opening down to the bottom of the cavity, configured to block the liquid from bypassing the top opening of the basket by flowing rearwardly under and past the top opening.
11. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein the blocking structures include an upper blocking structure extending upward from a rear end of the top opening, configured to block the liquid above the basket from flowing rearwardly onward to the rear end of the cavity without first flowing through the basket.
12. The apparatus of claim 9 further comprising a bypass passageway in the cavity through which the liquid can bypass the basket structure only when the liquid is above a predetermined level.
13. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein the horizontal direction is perpendicular to the axis.
14. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein the basket structure is configured for the liquid to flow outward through the basket structure in two oppositely directed horizontal directions.
15. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein the basket structure is configured for the liquid to flow outward through the basket structure in downward, forward, rearward and sideways directions.
16. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein the apparatus has an installed orientation in which the axis is horizontal.
17. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein the basket structure includes a screen extending downward from the top opening.
18. The apparatus of claim 9 further comprising an outlet tube at the rear end of the cavity through which the liquid can exit the cavity, the outlet tube defining a horizontal outlet channel with a bottom that is above the top opening of the basket structure.
19. The apparatus of claim 9 further comprising coalescing media in the basket structure.
20. The apparatus of claim 19 further comprising, in the basket structure, a porous bag containing the media.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/039,503 US20050126989A1 (en) | 2003-02-19 | 2005-01-20 | Water clarification system with coalescing media |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
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US44832603P | 2003-02-19 | 2003-02-19 | |
US10/614,156 US6907997B2 (en) | 2003-02-19 | 2003-07-07 | Water clarification system with coalescing plates |
US11/039,503 US20050126989A1 (en) | 2003-02-19 | 2005-01-20 | Water clarification system with coalescing media |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US10/614,156 Division US6907997B2 (en) | 2003-02-19 | 2003-07-07 | Water clarification system with coalescing plates |
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US20050126989A1 true US20050126989A1 (en) | 2005-06-16 |
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US10/614,156 Expired - Fee Related US6907997B2 (en) | 2003-02-19 | 2003-07-07 | Water clarification system with coalescing plates |
US11/039,503 Abandoned US20050126989A1 (en) | 2003-02-19 | 2005-01-20 | Water clarification system with coalescing media |
US11/038,885 Expired - Fee Related US7033496B2 (en) | 2003-02-19 | 2005-01-20 | Water clarification system with weir |
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US10/614,156 Expired - Fee Related US6907997B2 (en) | 2003-02-19 | 2003-07-07 | Water clarification system with coalescing plates |
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US11/038,885 Expired - Fee Related US7033496B2 (en) | 2003-02-19 | 2005-01-20 | Water clarification system with weir |
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US20060157405A1 (en) * | 2005-01-20 | 2006-07-20 | Hancor, Inc. | Water clarification system with coalescing media |
US20070221553A1 (en) * | 2006-03-21 | 2007-09-27 | Nexjen Technologies Ltd. | Oil water coalescing separator |
US7416657B2 (en) | 2006-03-21 | 2008-08-26 | Nexjen Technologies Ltd. | Oil water coalescing separator |
US20080290010A1 (en) * | 2006-03-21 | 2008-11-27 | Nexjen Technologies Ltd. | Oil water coalescing separator |
US20080093278A1 (en) * | 2006-08-17 | 2008-04-24 | Costello Dejon | Fluid treatment method and apparatus |
US20080270004A1 (en) * | 2007-03-06 | 2008-10-30 | Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. | Engine idle warm-up of a homogeneous charge compression ignition engine |
US20090178970A1 (en) * | 2008-01-16 | 2009-07-16 | Ahlstrom Corporation | Coalescence media for separation of water-hydrocarbon emulsions |
JP2014155896A (en) * | 2013-02-15 | 2014-08-28 | Tohoku Electric Power Co Inc | Leaked oil recovery device |
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US20150159336A1 (en) * | 2013-12-06 | 2015-06-11 | Norlense As | Container for collecting pollution |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20050126988A1 (en) | 2005-06-16 |
CA2457649A1 (en) | 2004-08-19 |
US6907997B2 (en) | 2005-06-21 |
US20040159606A1 (en) | 2004-08-19 |
US7033496B2 (en) | 2006-04-25 |
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