US20050048280A1 - Apparatus and process for making a tape useful as a tire cap ply - Google Patents
Apparatus and process for making a tape useful as a tire cap ply Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20050048280A1 US20050048280A1 US10/651,356 US65135603A US2005048280A1 US 20050048280 A1 US20050048280 A1 US 20050048280A1 US 65135603 A US65135603 A US 65135603A US 2005048280 A1 US2005048280 A1 US 2005048280A1
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- tape
- cords
- dip
- dip pan
- comb
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Natural products CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 244000043261 Hevea brasiliensis Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002174 Styrene-butadiene Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N butadiene-styrene rubber Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920003052 natural elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001194 natural rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011115 styrene butadiene Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000005062 Polybutadiene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 22
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 17
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 210000001520 comb Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde Substances O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012744 reinforcing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000956293 Fulda Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006231 aramid fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003490 calendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005351 kimble Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002964 rayon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010058 rubber compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
- B29D30/00—Producing pneumatic or solid tyres or parts thereof
- B29D30/06—Pneumatic tyres or parts thereof (e.g. produced by casting, moulding, compression moulding, injection moulding, centrifugal casting)
- B29D30/38—Textile inserts, e.g. cord or canvas layers, for tyres; Treatment of inserts prior to building the tyre
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B15/00—Pretreatment of the material to be shaped, not covered by groups B29B7/00 - B29B13/00
- B29B15/08—Pretreatment of the material to be shaped, not covered by groups B29B7/00 - B29B13/00 of reinforcements or fillers
- B29B15/10—Coating or impregnating independently of the moulding or shaping step
- B29B15/12—Coating or impregnating independently of the moulding or shaping step of reinforcements of indefinite length
- B29B15/122—Coating or impregnating independently of the moulding or shaping step of reinforcements of indefinite length with a matrix in liquid form, e.g. as melt, solution or latex
- B29B15/125—Coating or impregnating independently of the moulding or shaping step of reinforcements of indefinite length with a matrix in liquid form, e.g. as melt, solution or latex by dipping
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
- B29D30/00—Producing pneumatic or solid tyres or parts thereof
- B29D30/06—Pneumatic tyres or parts thereof (e.g. produced by casting, moulding, compression moulding, injection moulding, centrifugal casting)
- B29D30/38—Textile inserts, e.g. cord or canvas layers, for tyres; Treatment of inserts prior to building the tyre
- B29D2030/381—Textile inserts, e.g. cord or canvas layers, for tyres; Treatment of inserts prior to building the tyre the inserts incorporating reinforcing parallel cords; manufacture thereof
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T152/00—Resilient tires and wheels
- Y10T152/10—Tires, resilient
- Y10T152/10495—Pneumatic tire or inner tube
- Y10T152/10765—Characterized by belt or breaker structure
- Y10T152/10783—Reinforcing plies made up from wound narrow ribbons
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an apparatus and a process for making tape which can be used as cap plies, breakers and reinforcement in the carcass of tires.
- Cap plies that envelop radial tire belts may be used to help minimize such belt-edge separation failures.
- cap plies were applied as a full width strip with an overlap splice.
- the splice could pull open during curing.
- there is a limitation on the extension of the belt since the cap ply is applied over the belt.
- the same width of material must be applied across the whole belt.
- a narrower cap ply tape was developed in the 1990's. This tape is spirally wound about the belt. Such a tape is made by slitting rubberized fabric. The width of the tape depends on the number of cords per inch, which varies according to the tire manufacturer.
- the tape so produced can be non-uniform, due to the possible varying number of single end cords in each strip.
- the potential for error and the additive variances requires allowance for excessive tolerances in the tire building process.
- the addition of rubber to ensure good adhesion of the fabric to the tire rubber adds to the overall weight of the tire.
- Step 1 a process for the preparation of a cap ply tape from single end cords using a cross-head extruder has been developed.
- Step 1 a process for the preparation of a cap ply tape from single end cords using a cross-head extruder is commonly known as the “Steelastic® process”, and is illustrated in FIG. 1 .
- the Steelastic® process shown generally at 1 , a plurality of cords 2 and rubber 3 are brought into a die head 4 , where the cords are encapsulated by rubber to give a good adhesion to the tire rubber.
- a tape which comprises a plurality of rubberized single end cords is thus formed.
- the cords must be treated with a resourcinol-formaldehyde latex dip before they are brought into the die head to ensure good adhesion to the rubber introduced in the extrusion step.
- the Steelastic® process provides improved uniformity as compared to the slit rubberized fabric process, since there no possibility of uneven slitting and hence there is exact control of the number of single end cords in the tape. Moreover, this process has reduced scrap as compared to the slit rubberized fabric process, since there are no cut cords on the edges of the tape. In addition, longer lengths per roll of tape are possible with the Steelastic® process. However, the extruder and the die heads used in this process represent a major capital investment. Moreover, the tape itself is still dependent on a rubber compounding step and the addition/application of rubber as a means to ensure good adhesion to the tire rubber compounds, hence increasing weight and cost. In addition, the Steelastic® process requires above ambient pressures and temperatures.
- the present invention overcomes the problems associated with the prior art by providing a process which is does not require the use of extruder dies as in the Steelastic® process.
- the process of the present invention is not as labor intensive as the slit rubberized fabric process of the prior art, as it does not involve slitting of fabric. In addition, it is not as capital intensive as the slit rubberized fabric process, as it does not require a calender roll. Moreover, the process of the present invention avoids the potential for error in that it does not have a slitting step, and hence the possibility of non-uniformity due to the possible varying number of single end cords in each strip is virtually eliminated. Also, since there is no slitting step in the process of the present invention, no edge fray is created and there are no cut cords on the edges of the tape. Thus, the process of the present invention produces less scrap than the slit rubberized fabric process. Finally, the overall weight of the tire could be reduced, since there is no need to add rubber to ensure good adhesion of the fabric to the tire rubber.
- an apparatus and a process for making a tape from a plurality of single end cords comprises a dip pan for applying a solvent-based cement comprising an elastomeric composition dissolved in a solvent to the single end cords.
- the apparatus also comprises means for converging the cords before they travel to the dip pan, so that the cords are converged into a single plane.
- the cords are fixed in a single plane as the dip is applied.
- the apparatus comprises an oven for curing the cement so that the majority of the solvent is driven off and the cords are encapsulated in the elastomeric composition to form a tape.
- a process for making a tape comprises dipping a plurality of single end cords in a dip comprising a cement and an elastomeric composition; and curing the cement so that the majority of the solvent evaporates, thereby forming a tape comprising single end cords encapsulated in the elastomeric composition.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a portion of the Steelastic® process of the prior art for making a tire reinforcing tape from single end cord.
- FIG. 2 is a partial elevational view of a portion of the process of the present invention for making a tire reinforcing tape from single end cord.
- FIG. 3 is a plan or elevational view, taken across directional lines 3 - 3 in FIG. 2 , of a pair of combs which are disposed ahead of the dip pan of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the press roll of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a cut-away, perspective view of a guide roll for guiding the tape in the apparatus of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the final drive unit of the apparatus of FIG. 2 .
- FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a comb for guiding the tape of the present invention to a winder.
- FIG. 8 is an elevational view of the winder of the present invention.
- the tape is made from a plurality of single ends cords.
- single end cord is meant treated cords which are packaged on a spool as single ends, as opposed to a fabric packaged on a roll.
- Single end cord is commercially available from a number of suppliers, such as Mehler Textile Industries of Fulda, Germany, Dan River, Inc. of Atlanta, Ga. and Southern Weaving Company of Greenville, S.C.
- the number of single end cords is either a multiple of ten or a multiple of twelve, depending on the application.
- the number of ends per inch for cap plys or carcass applications varies depending on the cord construction, and for a particular construction, depending on the tire type and the tire manufacturer.
- Typical synthetic yarns useful for the cords of the present invention are made from polyamides, such as 6,6 nylon, 6 nylon, or any copolymers thereof.
- the yarns may comprise polyesters, aramid fibers, rayon, glass or carbon, etc.
- a particularly suitable yarn for use with the present invention is T-728, which is a heat stabilized 66 nylon, commercially available from DUSA International of Wilmington, Del.
- the yarns are normally prepared from high viscosity polymers containing stabilizers and are drawn at high draw ratios to yield high tenacity yarns, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,311,691.
- the single end cord enters the apparatus of the present invention.
- the apparatus of the present invention includes a frame having a plurality of vertical beams 12 , a pair of horizontal beams 14 , and a set of braces 16 .
- the cords are sent to a type-one guide roll 18 , which may be optional, depending on the distance the cords must travel.
- the apparatus of the present invention includes a dip station, shown generally at 20 in FIG. 2 .
- Dip station 20 includes a take-out 22 , a dip pan 24 and a mechanism 26 for lifting and lowering the dip pan.
- the apparatus of the present invention also includes means for converging the cords before they travel to the dip pan.
- the means for converging the cords comprises a first comb 28 and a second comb, 30 as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 .
- the first comb converges the cords before they travel to the dip pan.
- the second comb is disposed between the first comb and the dip pan for further converging the cords after they leave the first comb and before they travel to the dip pan.
- FIG. 3 which is a plan or elevational view of the combs.
- the first comb has a plurality of first grooves, 28 a as shown in FIG. 3 . Each first groove has a plurality of first teeth 28 b .
- a first space 28 c is formed between consecutive teeth.
- the cords travel through the first spaces to the second comb.
- the second comb has a plurality of second grooves 30 a as shown in FIG. 3 .
- Each second groove of the second comb has a plurality of second teeth 30 b .
- a second space 30 c is formed between consecutive second teeth.
- the cords travel through the second spaces to the dip pan.
- the width of each of the second grooves is less than the width of each of the first grooves, so that the cords are converged and are positioned in a single plane as they travel to the dip pan.
- the means for converging the cords before they travel to the dip pan could comprise a guide roll.
- a guide roll would not have equally spaced grooves across the width of the roll. Instead, the grooves would be clustered so that as the cords travel across the guide roll, they are converged in the clustered grooves.
- the converging means of the present invention is designed to converge the cords and position them into a single plane, as well as to ensure the integrity of a pre-dip, should one be applied.
- a converged set of cords is shown leaving the second comb at 31 in FIG. 3 .
- dip pan 22 includes a plurality of receiving rolls 32 .
- the rolls keep the single end cords advancing through the dip pan and ensure that the cords are submerged in the dip pan.
- Rolls 32 include a plurality of crests 32 a as shown in FIG. 4 and a plurality of grooves, or valleys 32 b as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 .
- the converged cords rest in the grooves 32 b of the receiving roll.
- a press roll 34 is disposed above the middle dip pan roll 32 .
- Press roll 34 includes a plurality of crests 34 a and valleys 34 b . As can be seen from FIG. 4 , crests 34 a mesh with the valleys 34 b of receiving roll 32 .
- the cords stay on the crests of the press roll and in the valleys of the dip pan roll to press the cement into the spaces between the cords as they travel through the dip pan.
- the converged cords are fixed in a single plane as the dip is applied.
- a solvated, or wet tape, is shown coming out of the grooves of the dip pan roll at 33 in FIG. 4 .
- the dip that is used in the dip pan is a solvent-based cement.
- This solvent-based cement includes an elastomeric composition, which is dissolved in a solvent, such as toluene.
- This elastomeric composition may comprise, for example, but is not limited to, a natural rubber, or a natural rubber with styrene butadiene or styrene butadiene with polybutadiene. These constituent materials in the elastomeric composition may be mixed with reinforcing agents, activators and/or plasticizers, depending on the needs of the end user.
- the percentage of solvents in the cement depends on the speed at which the cords are run through the apparatus. This percentage is typically in the range of 10-30%.
- FIG. 5 is a cut-away view showing a portion of an exemplary type-two guide roll of the present invention.
- sleeves may be used around the guide rolls after the dip pan. The purpose of either the guide rolls or the sleeves is to keep the tape aligned and to prevent it from rolling as it passes out of the apparatus as shown in FIG. 2 .
- the solvated, or wet tape is then sent to an oven 42 , where it goes through one pass, to another type-two guide roll 44 , and then another pass through the oven.
- the cords In the oven, the cords must remain fixed in a single plane. This is done by maintaining the tension in the cords, and is necessary to maintain the integrity of the tape.
- the cement, including the solvent and the elastomeric composition is dried in the oven. This drying typically occurs at about 110° C. for some period of time, which is dependent on the speed at which the cords, or the tape at this point, are being driven through the apparatus. The drying drives off, or evaporates, the majority of the solvent, such as toluene.
- the solvent may comprise 0.0009-5% of the weight of the tape.
- drive unit 52 includes a shaft 52 a and geared rolls 52 b and 52 c , for driving the tape through the apparatus.
- the drive unit is supported in a frame 56 , which includes a support bar 58 for presenting the tape as it moves through the apparatus. The support roll is held between a pair of supports 60 .
- the tape which is shown at 62 in FIG. 6 , is then sent to a pair of type-two guide rolls, 62 and 64 and to a mechanism 66 for presenting the tape to an optional comb 68 as shown in FIG. 7 .
- Mechanism 66 includes vertical supports 66 a , a horizontal bar 66 b as well as a roller 66 c . The bar and the roller are held together by an end cap 66 d .
- the tape rolls over roller 66 c and is advanced to comb 68 .
- the comb of FIG. 7 is similar to a comb used in a known single end cord process to keep the cords separated, except that in the comb of FIG.
- the tape is then sent to a winder 70 as shown in FIG. 8 , which is supported by a framework 72 as shown in FIG. 7 .
- the tape is sent to a bobbin 74 , where it is wound and stored.
- a pair of bobbins is shown in FIG. 7 .
- the tape is sent to a guide wheel 76 as shown in FIG. 8 .
- the guide wheel is held onto the framework 72 of the winder by a fastener 78 .
- From guide wheel 76 the tape is sent to another guide wheel 80 .
- Similar guide wheels can be found in a known apparatus for making single end cord; however, such guide wheels have crests and valleys for accommodating the single end cords. In contrast, in the apparatus of the present invention, the surfaces of both guide wheels 76 and 80 do not have crests and valleys, but rather are smoothed out to accommodate the tape.
- the use of such a guide wheel is optional in the present invention, and is used to ensure that the tape stays in place.
- the tension in the tape is maintained by a dancer arm 82 .
- the end of the dancer arm pivots about an upper pivot point 84 , and about a lower pivot point 86 .
- the movement of the dancer arm is limited by a lower limit device 88 , which keeps the dancer arm from hitting against the bobbin.
- Upper pivot point 84 and lower limit device 88 are held against the framework by a plate 90 , which fastens to the framework of the winder.
- a guide roll 92 guides the tape to a guide 94 , through which the tape travels to be presented to the final package.
- the cords have better access to the cement than to rubber in the prior art, because rubber does not flow as well as cement.
- more complete coverage of the cords, either individually, or in the fabric can be achieved as compared to processes of the prior art. Consequently, with the present invention it is possible to produce a superior tape as compared to the slit fabric or Steelastic® process. While it might be possible to achieve the desired encapsulation characteristics for elastomeric compositions such as rubber at high heat and high pressures, the present invention is able to achieve these desired encapsulation characteristics at ambient temperature and ambient pressure while the cement is being applied.
- the tape of the present invention is ready to use as a cap ply for a tire.
- the tape When used in this application, the tape is wound directly onto the tire.
- the single end cord in the tape then adheres to the rubber in the tire curing process.
- the tape may be used as a breaker and reinforcement in the carcass of tires.
- the tape of the present invention is generally about 1 ⁇ 4′′ to 3 ⁇ 8′′ wide.
- a tape may be made using the apparatus of FIG. 2 from a plurality of single end cords, such as T-728, commercially available from DUSA, International.
- the cords may then be sent to a dip pan, where an rfl dip, may be applied.
- This dip may be made by adding water, sodium hydroxide (NaOH), or caustic pellets, resourcinol flake and formaldehyde to a tank, to form a sollution with a solids content of about 6%.
- the solution should be mixed for approximately 30 minutes. This solution may then aged for a minimum of about 3 hours (minimum of 2 hours, maximum of 4 hours).
- a latex may be added. Then water may be mixed with ammonium hydroxide, NH 4 OH, and added to the latex slowly.
- an anti-foaming agent may be added to form a solution, which should be mixed slowly.
- This solution may have a solids content of about 35%.
- This solution may then combined with the solution from the first tank.
- the combined solutions should be mixed together for about 30 minutes prior to use.
- the cords should be dipped in this combined solution for about 3 seconds.
- the dip should then be dried in an oven at a temperature of about 226° C., for a dwell time in the range of 100 and 200 seconds.
- the cords should then be sent to another oven, where the dip may be dried at a temperature of 165° C.
- the cords may then be dipped in a cement dip pan.
- the cement in the cement dip pan may be a mixture of a solvent, such as toluene, (85 kg) and a rubber-based elastomeric composition (15 kg), such as natural rubber, natural rubber and styrene butadiene, or styrene butadiene and polybutadiene. Any of these may be mixed with reinforcing agents, activators and/or plasticizers.
- the cement should be dried in an oven at a temperature of 110° C., so that the toluene is driven off. A tape which is about ⁇ fraction (1/2) ⁇ inch wide may thus be formed.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
- Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
- Ropes Or Cables (AREA)
- Tyre Moulding (AREA)
- Packaging Of Annular Or Rod-Shaped Articles, Wearing Apparel, Cassettes, Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- 1. Field of the Invention
- The present invention relates to an apparatus and a process for making tape which can be used as cap plies, breakers and reinforcement in the carcass of tires.
- 2. Description of the Related Art
- The tire industry has long had considerable interest in belted tire constructions for reinforcing tires. An example of a tire reinforcement is described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,720,569 to Kimble. This reinforcement is formed by passing a plurality of cords in the desired spaced relationship through an extruder. The cords may be coated with a rubber latex in a multiple dip operation to form a unitary strip. Such reinforcement constructions may offer the advantage of better road stability and longer tread life in both radial and bias ply constructions. However, such constructions are subject to belt-edge separation failures because the adhesion of the reinforcement to the tire rubber is inadequate.
- Cap plies that envelop radial tire belts may be used to help minimize such belt-edge separation failures. Initially, cap plies were applied as a full width strip with an overlap splice. Experience has shown that the splice could pull open during curing. In addition, there is a limitation on the extension of the belt, since the cap ply is applied over the belt. Moreover, with this configuration, the same width of material must be applied across the whole belt. As a result of these limitations, a narrower cap ply tape was developed in the 1990's. This tape is spirally wound about the belt. Such a tape is made by slitting rubberized fabric. The width of the tape depends on the number of cords per inch, which varies according to the tire manufacturer. It was found that such a tape can increase winding tension, as there is no splice. Also, such a tape can be applied in extra layers at the belt edges to improve tire performance. However, this process is dependent on several processes/steps, i.e., weaving fabric, treating fabric to achieve good adhesion to the calendered rubber, compounding rubber, skimming or calandering the rubber onto the treated fabric and slitting the rubberized fabric to specific widths. These are inherently high cost/labor intensive procedures. Because of the slitting step, there may be cut cords on the edges of the tape, which may create edge fray. Consequently, such a process produces a fair amount of scrap material. Moreover, the tape so produced can be non-uniform, due to the possible varying number of single end cords in each strip. With each step the potential for error and the additive variances requires allowance for excessive tolerances in the tire building process. Finally, the addition of rubber to ensure good adhesion of the fabric to the tire rubber adds to the overall weight of the tire.
- Because of the inherent drawbacks in the slit rubberized fabric process, a process for the preparation of a cap ply tape from single end cords using a cross-head extruder has been developed. Such a process is commonly known as the “Steelastic® process”, and is illustrated in
FIG. 1 . In the Steelastic® process, shown generally at 1, a plurality ofcords 2 andrubber 3 are brought into adie head 4, where the cords are encapsulated by rubber to give a good adhesion to the tire rubber. A tape which comprises a plurality of rubberized single end cords is thus formed. The cords must be treated with a resourcinol-formaldehyde latex dip before they are brought into the die head to ensure good adhesion to the rubber introduced in the extrusion step. - The Steelastic® process provides improved uniformity as compared to the slit rubberized fabric process, since there no possibility of uneven slitting and hence there is exact control of the number of single end cords in the tape. Moreover, this process has reduced scrap as compared to the slit rubberized fabric process, since there are no cut cords on the edges of the tape. In addition, longer lengths per roll of tape are possible with the Steelastic® process. However, the extruder and the die heads used in this process represent a major capital investment. Moreover, the tape itself is still dependent on a rubber compounding step and the addition/application of rubber as a means to ensure good adhesion to the tire rubber compounds, hence increasing weight and cost. In addition, the Steelastic® process requires above ambient pressures and temperatures. Therefore, there exists a need in the tire industry to develop a process for making a tape or strip which can be used as cap plies, breakers and reinforcement in the carcass of tires, which is less capital intensive and less labor intensive than processes of the prior art. Moreover, there needs to be a process which produces more uniform tape and which does not produce waste. In addition, it would be desirable to produce a packaged tape or strip which is ready to apply to a tire as a cap ply or which can be used as breakers and reinforcement in the carcass of tires.
- Applicants have recognized that cement flows much better than rubber, and that the use of cement for encapsulating single end cords is superior to the rubber used in the Steelastic® process. In addition, Applicants have recognized that cement can be applied at ambient temperature and ambient pressure, as opposed to rubber in the Steelastic® process, which must be applied in a heated extruder. Thus, the present invention overcomes the problems associated with the prior art by providing a process which is does not require the use of extruder dies as in the Steelastic® process.
- In addition, the process of the present invention is not as labor intensive as the slit rubberized fabric process of the prior art, as it does not involve slitting of fabric. In addition, it is not as capital intensive as the slit rubberized fabric process, as it does not require a calender roll. Moreover, the process of the present invention avoids the potential for error in that it does not have a slitting step, and hence the possibility of non-uniformity due to the possible varying number of single end cords in each strip is virtually eliminated. Also, since there is no slitting step in the process of the present invention, no edge fray is created and there are no cut cords on the edges of the tape. Thus, the process of the present invention produces less scrap than the slit rubberized fabric process. Finally, the overall weight of the tire could be reduced, since there is no need to add rubber to ensure good adhesion of the fabric to the tire rubber.
- Therefore, in accordance with the present invention, there is provided an apparatus and a process for making a tape from a plurality of single end cords. The apparatus comprises a dip pan for applying a solvent-based cement comprising an elastomeric composition dissolved in a solvent to the single end cords. The apparatus also comprises means for converging the cords before they travel to the dip pan, so that the cords are converged into a single plane. In the dip pan, the cords are fixed in a single plane as the dip is applied. In addition, the apparatus comprises an oven for curing the cement so that the majority of the solvent is driven off and the cords are encapsulated in the elastomeric composition to form a tape.
- Further in accordance with the present invention, there is provided a process for making a tape. The process comprises dipping a plurality of single end cords in a dip comprising a cement and an elastomeric composition; and curing the cement so that the majority of the solvent evaporates, thereby forming a tape comprising single end cords encapsulated in the elastomeric composition.
-
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a portion of the Steelastic® process of the prior art for making a tire reinforcing tape from single end cord. -
FIG. 2 is a partial elevational view of a portion of the process of the present invention for making a tire reinforcing tape from single end cord. -
FIG. 3 is a plan or elevational view, taken across directional lines 3-3 inFIG. 2 , of a pair of combs which are disposed ahead of the dip pan of the present invention. -
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the press roll of the present invention. -
FIG. 5 is a cut-away, perspective view of a guide roll for guiding the tape in the apparatus of the present invention. -
FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the final drive unit of the apparatus ofFIG. 2 . -
FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a comb for guiding the tape of the present invention to a winder. -
FIG. 8 is an elevational view of the winder of the present invention. - In accordance with the present invention, there is provided an apparatus and a process for making strip, or tape which can be used as cap plies, breakers and reinforcement in the carcass of tires. The process of the present invention will be described in the context of the operation of the apparatus of the present invention with respect to
FIGS. 2-8 . The tape is made from a plurality of single ends cords. By “single end cord” is meant treated cords which are packaged on a spool as single ends, as opposed to a fabric packaged on a roll. Single end cord is commercially available from a number of suppliers, such as Mehler Textile Industries of Fulda, Germany, Dan River, Inc. of Atlanta, Ga. and Southern Weaving Company of Greenville, S.C. In the preferred embodiment, the number of single end cords is either a multiple of ten or a multiple of twelve, depending on the application. The number of ends per inch for cap plys or carcass applications varies depending on the cord construction, and for a particular construction, depending on the tire type and the tire manufacturer. - Typical synthetic yarns useful for the cords of the present invention are made from polyamides, such as 6,6 nylon, 6 nylon, or any copolymers thereof. Alternatively, the yarns may comprise polyesters, aramid fibers, rayon, glass or carbon, etc. A particularly suitable yarn for use with the present invention is T-728, which is a heat stabilized 66 nylon, commercially available from DUSA International of Wilmington, Del. To meet the strength and durability requirements for tire applications, the yarns are normally prepared from high viscosity polymers containing stabilizers and are drawn at high draw ratios to yield high tenacity yarns, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,311,691.
- The single end cord, shown generally at 10 in
FIG. 2 , enters the apparatus of the present invention. For simplicity of illustration, only a single cord is illustrated at 10. The apparatus of the present invention includes a frame having a plurality ofvertical beams 12, a pair ofhorizontal beams 14, and a set ofbraces 16. The cords are sent to a type-one guide roll 18, which may be optional, depending on the distance the cords must travel. The apparatus of the present invention includes a dip station, shown generally at 20 inFIG. 2 .Dip station 20 includes a take-out 22, adip pan 24 and amechanism 26 for lifting and lowering the dip pan. - The apparatus of the present invention also includes means for converging the cords before they travel to the dip pan. The means for converging the cords comprises a
first comb 28 and a second comb, 30 as shown inFIGS. 2 and 3 . The first comb converges the cords before they travel to the dip pan. The second comb is disposed between the first comb and the dip pan for further converging the cords after they leave the first comb and before they travel to the dip pan. These combs are shown in greater detail inFIG. 3 , which is a plan or elevational view of the combs. The first comb has a plurality of first grooves, 28 a as shown inFIG. 3 . Each first groove has a plurality offirst teeth 28 b. Afirst space 28 c is formed between consecutive teeth. The cords travel through the first spaces to the second comb. The second comb has a plurality ofsecond grooves 30 a as shown inFIG. 3 . Each second groove of the second comb has a plurality ofsecond teeth 30 b. Asecond space 30 c is formed between consecutive second teeth. The cords travel through the second spaces to the dip pan. The width of each of the second grooves is less than the width of each of the first grooves, so that the cords are converged and are positioned in a single plane as they travel to the dip pan. - It should be apparent that modifications may be made to the apparatus as described without departing from the spirit of the invention. For instance, instead of using a plurality of combs to converge the cords, the means for converging the cords before they travel to the dip pan could comprise a guide roll. Such a guide roll would not have equally spaced grooves across the width of the roll. Instead, the grooves would be clustered so that as the cords travel across the guide roll, they are converged in the clustered grooves. In either case, whether combs or a guide roll are used, the converging means of the present invention is designed to converge the cords and position them into a single plane, as well as to ensure the integrity of a pre-dip, should one be applied. A converged set of cords is shown leaving the second comb at 31 in
FIG. 3 . - As can be seen from
FIG. 2 in particular,dip pan 22 includes a plurality of receiving rolls 32. The rolls keep the single end cords advancing through the dip pan and ensure that the cords are submerged in the dip pan.Rolls 32 include a plurality ofcrests 32 a as shown inFIG. 4 and a plurality of grooves, orvalleys 32 b as shown inFIGS. 3 and 4 . The converged cords rest in thegrooves 32 b of the receiving roll. Apress roll 34 is disposed above the middledip pan roll 32.Press roll 34 includes a plurality of crests 34 a and valleys 34 b. As can be seen fromFIG. 4 , crests 34 a mesh with the valleys 34 b of receivingroll 32. The cords stay on the crests of the press roll and in the valleys of the dip pan roll to press the cement into the spaces between the cords as they travel through the dip pan. The converged cords are fixed in a single plane as the dip is applied. A solvated, or wet tape, is shown coming out of the grooves of the dip pan roll at 33 inFIG. 4 . - Again, variations of the specific equipment used may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. For instance, if there is enough tension in the cords as they travel through the dip pan, the use of the press roll may not be necessary. In this case, there just must be enough tension in the cords to keep them in the valleys of the receiving roll of the dip pan. In this case, an appropriate support, such as a guide roll or a glass bar, can be used for the cords.
- The dip that is used in the dip pan is a solvent-based cement. This solvent-based cement includes an elastomeric composition, which is dissolved in a solvent, such as toluene. This elastomeric composition may comprise, for example, but is not limited to, a natural rubber, or a natural rubber with styrene butadiene or styrene butadiene with polybutadiene. These constituent materials in the elastomeric composition may be mixed with reinforcing agents, activators and/or plasticizers, depending on the needs of the end user. The percentage of solvents in the cement depends on the speed at which the cords are run through the apparatus. This percentage is typically in the range of 10-30%.
- The solvated, or wet tape, is then sent to a type-two
guide roll 36 and to another type-twoguide roll 38 as shown inFIG. 2 , and more particularly inFIG. 5 .FIG. 5 is a cut-away view showing a portion of an exemplary type-two guide roll of the present invention. As can be seen fromFIG. 5 , there aregrooves 40 formed in the tape guide roll. Thesegrooves 40 are wider than the grooves which accommodate single end cord, such as the grooves in type-one guide roll 18, in order to accommodate the solvated tape. It should be noted that rather than using guide rolls for guiding the tape after it leaves the dip pan, sleeves may be used around the guide rolls after the dip pan. The purpose of either the guide rolls or the sleeves is to keep the tape aligned and to prevent it from rolling as it passes out of the apparatus as shown inFIG. 2 . - The solvated, or wet tape, is then sent to an
oven 42, where it goes through one pass, to another type-twoguide roll 44, and then another pass through the oven. In the oven, the cords must remain fixed in a single plane. This is done by maintaining the tension in the cords, and is necessary to maintain the integrity of the tape. The cement, including the solvent and the elastomeric composition, is dried in the oven. This drying typically occurs at about 110° C. for some period of time, which is dependent on the speed at which the cords, or the tape at this point, are being driven through the apparatus. The drying drives off, or evaporates, the majority of the solvent, such as toluene. What remains are the cords, fixed in the single plane and encapsulated in the elastomeric composition to form a tape, shown at 46 inFIG. 6 . In the final end product, some small residual amount of solvent remains as a component of the tape. The solvent may comprise 0.0009-5% of the weight of the tape. - From the oven, the tape is sent back through
guide roll 38, to a series of guide rolls, 46, 48 and 50, and to a drive unit, shown generally at 52 inFIGS. 2 and 6 . Anotherdrive unit 54, includingshaft 54 a and rolls 54 b and 54 c, is optional, and is used only whendrive unit 52 is not operational. As can be seen fromFIG. 2 , driveunit 52 includes ashaft 52 a and gearedrolls FIG. 6 , the drive unit is supported in aframe 56, which includes asupport bar 58 for presenting the tape as it moves through the apparatus. The support roll is held between a pair of supports 60. - The tape, which is shown at 62 in
FIG. 6 , is then sent to a pair of type-two guide rolls, 62 and 64 and to amechanism 66 for presenting the tape to anoptional comb 68 as shown inFIG. 7 .Mechanism 66 includesvertical supports 66 a, ahorizontal bar 66 b as well as aroller 66 c. The bar and the roller are held together by anend cap 66 d. The tape rolls overroller 66 c and is advanced to comb 68. The comb ofFIG. 7 is similar to a comb used in a known single end cord process to keep the cords separated, except that in the comb ofFIG. 7 has less teeth, and the teeth are more widely spaced, than a comb used in a known single end cord process, in order to accommodate the tape. The tape is then sent to awinder 70 as shown inFIG. 8 , which is supported by aframework 72 as shown inFIG. 7 . After the winder, the tape is sent to abobbin 74, where it is wound and stored. A pair of bobbins is shown inFIG. 7 . - After the comb, the tape is sent to a
guide wheel 76 as shown inFIG. 8 . The guide wheel is held onto theframework 72 of the winder by afastener 78. Fromguide wheel 76 the tape is sent to anotherguide wheel 80. Similar guide wheels can be found in a known apparatus for making single end cord; however, such guide wheels have crests and valleys for accommodating the single end cords. In contrast, in the apparatus of the present invention, the surfaces of both guidewheels guide wheel 76 to guidewheel 80 and to the final package (i.e., thewinder 70 with tape wound on it), the tension in the tape is maintained by adancer arm 82. The end of the dancer arm pivots about anupper pivot point 84, and about alower pivot point 86. The movement of the dancer arm is limited by alower limit device 88, which keeps the dancer arm from hitting against the bobbin.Upper pivot point 84 andlower limit device 88 are held against the framework by aplate 90, which fastens to the framework of the winder. Aguide roll 92 guides the tape to aguide 94, through which the tape travels to be presented to the final package. - With the present invention, because the individual cords are dipped in a cement, the cords have better access to the cement than to rubber in the prior art, because rubber does not flow as well as cement. Thus more complete coverage of the cords, either individually, or in the fabric, can be achieved as compared to processes of the prior art. Consequently, with the present invention it is possible to produce a superior tape as compared to the slit fabric or Steelastic® process. While it might be possible to achieve the desired encapsulation characteristics for elastomeric compositions such as rubber at high heat and high pressures, the present invention is able to achieve these desired encapsulation characteristics at ambient temperature and ambient pressure while the cement is being applied.
- The tape of the present invention is ready to use as a cap ply for a tire. When used in this application, the tape is wound directly onto the tire. The single end cord in the tape then adheres to the rubber in the tire curing process. Alternatively, as noted above, the tape may be used as a breaker and reinforcement in the carcass of tires. The tape of the present invention is generally about ¼″ to ⅜″ wide.
- The invention will be described in greater detail with reference to the following examples which are intended to illustrate the invention without restricting the scope thereof.
- A tape may be made using the apparatus of
FIG. 2 from a plurality of single end cords, such as T-728, commercially available from DUSA, International. The cords may then be sent to a dip pan, where an rfl dip, may be applied. This dip may be made by adding water, sodium hydroxide (NaOH), or caustic pellets, resourcinol flake and formaldehyde to a tank, to form a sollution with a solids content of about 6%. The solution should be mixed for approximately 30 minutes. This solution may then aged for a minimum of about 3 hours (minimum of 2 hours, maximum of 4 hours). In another tank, a latex may be added. Then water may be mixed with ammonium hydroxide, NH4OH, and added to the latex slowly. - Then an anti-foaming agent may be added to form a solution, which should be mixed slowly. This solution may have a solids content of about 35%. This solution may then combined with the solution from the first tank. The combined solutions should be mixed together for about 30 minutes prior to use. The cords should be dipped in this combined solution for about 3 seconds. The dip should then be dried in an oven at a temperature of about 226° C., for a dwell time in the range of 100 and 200 seconds. The cords should then be sent to another oven, where the dip may be dried at a temperature of 165° C. The cords may then be dipped in a cement dip pan. The cement in the cement dip pan may be a mixture of a solvent, such as toluene, (85 kg) and a rubber-based elastomeric composition (15 kg), such as natural rubber, natural rubber and styrene butadiene, or styrene butadiene and polybutadiene. Any of these may be mixed with reinforcing agents, activators and/or plasticizers. The cement should be dried in an oven at a temperature of 110° C., so that the toluene is driven off. A tape which is about {fraction (1/2)} inch wide may thus be formed.
Claims (18)
Priority Applications (11)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US10/651,356 US20050048280A1 (en) | 2003-08-29 | 2003-08-29 | Apparatus and process for making a tape useful as a tire cap ply |
CN200480032041.3A CN100537206C (en) | 2003-08-29 | 2004-08-24 | Apparatus and process for making a tape useful as a tire cap ply |
AT04781980T ATE410298T1 (en) | 2003-08-29 | 2004-08-24 | RADIAL TIRE WITH A BELT COVER AND METHOD FOR COVERING A TIRE BELT WITH A BELT COVER. |
ES04781980T ES2315707T3 (en) | 2003-08-29 | 2004-08-24 | RADIAL TIRE FORMED BY A CLAMP AND METHOD FOR WRAPPING A RADIAL TIRE BELT WITH A CLAMP. |
PT04781980T PT1660312E (en) | 2003-08-29 | 2004-08-24 | Radial tire comprising a cap ply and method of enveloping a radial tire belt with a cap ply. |
PCT/US2004/027399 WO2005023531A1 (en) | 2003-08-29 | 2004-08-24 | Apparatus and process for making tape useful as a tire cap ply |
DE602004017022T DE602004017022D1 (en) | 2003-08-29 | 2004-08-24 | Radial tire with a belt cover layer and method for wrapping a tire belt with a belt cover layer. |
JP2006524781A JP4452718B2 (en) | 2003-08-29 | 2004-08-24 | Radial tire and method for wrapping the belt |
CA002536777A CA2536777A1 (en) | 2003-08-29 | 2004-08-24 | Apparatus and process for making tape useful as a tire cap ply |
EP04781980A EP1660312B1 (en) | 2003-08-29 | 2004-08-24 | Radial tire comprising a cap ply and method of enveloping a radial tire belt with a cap ply. |
US12/426,649 US7879391B2 (en) | 2003-08-29 | 2009-04-20 | Apparatus and process for making tape useful as a tire cap ply |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US10/651,356 US20050048280A1 (en) | 2003-08-29 | 2003-08-29 | Apparatus and process for making a tape useful as a tire cap ply |
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US12/426,649 Division US7879391B2 (en) | 2003-08-29 | 2009-04-20 | Apparatus and process for making tape useful as a tire cap ply |
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US20050048280A1 true US20050048280A1 (en) | 2005-03-03 |
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US12/426,649 Expired - Fee Related US7879391B2 (en) | 2003-08-29 | 2009-04-20 | Apparatus and process for making tape useful as a tire cap ply |
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US12/426,649 Expired - Fee Related US7879391B2 (en) | 2003-08-29 | 2009-04-20 | Apparatus and process for making tape useful as a tire cap ply |
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EP (1) | EP1660312B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4452718B2 (en) |
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AT (1) | ATE410298T1 (en) |
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- 2004-08-24 JP JP2006524781A patent/JP4452718B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-08-24 PT PT04781980T patent/PT1660312E/en unknown
- 2004-08-24 EP EP04781980A patent/EP1660312B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-08-24 CA CA002536777A patent/CA2536777A1/en not_active Abandoned
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US20110198017A1 (en) * | 2008-10-31 | 2011-08-18 | Maurizio Marchini | Process for building tyres |
WO2010049958A1 (en) | 2008-10-31 | 2010-05-06 | Pirelli Tyre S.P.A. | Process for building tyres |
EP3446868A1 (en) * | 2008-11-28 | 2019-02-27 | Hexcel Reinforcements | Novel intermediate material with constant width for the production of composite parts by direct method |
WO2010061114A1 (en) * | 2008-11-28 | 2010-06-03 | Hexcel Reinforcements | Novel intermediate material with constant width for the direct process production of composite components |
FR2939069A1 (en) * | 2008-11-28 | 2010-06-04 | Hexcel Reinforcements | NEW INTERMEDIATE MATERIAL OF CONSTANT WIDTH FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOSITE PARTS BY DIRECT PROCESS. |
EP3656549A1 (en) | 2008-11-28 | 2020-05-27 | Hexcel Reinforcements | Intermediate material with constant width for the production of composite parts by direct method |
US9682515B2 (en) | 2008-11-28 | 2017-06-20 | Hexcel Reinforcements | Intermediate material with constant width for the direct process production of composite components |
WO2012164014A1 (en) | 2011-06-01 | 2012-12-06 | Hexcel Reinforcements | Veiled tape with improved resistance to delamination |
US10525660B2 (en) | 2011-06-01 | 2020-01-07 | Hexcel Reinforcements | Veiled tape with improved resistance to delamination |
US9205603B2 (en) | 2011-06-01 | 2015-12-08 | Hexcel Reinforcements | Veiled tape with improved resistance to delamination |
US10538015B2 (en) | 2014-10-24 | 2020-01-21 | Porcher Industries | Strands powdered by electrostatic method |
CN110143460A (en) * | 2019-06-17 | 2019-08-20 | 湖北玲珑轮胎有限公司 | A kind of string of a hat bar processing unit |
CN110497639A (en) * | 2019-07-16 | 2019-11-26 | 特拓(青岛)轮胎技术有限公司 | A kind of sticky control technique of tire cap strip |
WO2021028121A1 (en) * | 2019-08-12 | 2021-02-18 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin | Filament guiding and maintenance machine and method of use |
FR3099890A1 (en) * | 2019-08-12 | 2021-02-19 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin | Wire Guiding and Holding Machine and Method of Use |
US11597859B2 (en) | 2020-01-24 | 2023-03-07 | Oatey Co. | Solvent cement formulations having extended shelf life |
US11976222B2 (en) | 2020-01-24 | 2024-05-07 | Oatey Co. | Solvent cement formulations having extended shelf life |
WO2022242809A1 (en) * | 2021-05-20 | 2022-11-24 | Continental Reifen Deutschland Gmbh | Grooved roller, device for embedding reinforcements made of steel in a rubber mixture web, and uses of this device |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP4452718B2 (en) | 2010-04-21 |
DE602004017022D1 (en) | 2008-11-20 |
CA2536777A1 (en) | 2005-03-17 |
WO2005023531A1 (en) | 2005-03-17 |
CN100537206C (en) | 2009-09-09 |
US20090317543A1 (en) | 2009-12-24 |
EP1660312B1 (en) | 2008-10-08 |
PT1660312E (en) | 2008-11-24 |
ATE410298T1 (en) | 2008-10-15 |
EP1660312A1 (en) | 2006-05-31 |
CN1874885A (en) | 2006-12-06 |
US7879391B2 (en) | 2011-02-01 |
ES2315707T3 (en) | 2009-04-01 |
JP2007504368A (en) | 2007-03-01 |
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