US20050042040A1 - Segmental block connection system - Google Patents
Segmental block connection system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20050042040A1 US20050042040A1 US10/912,351 US91235104A US2005042040A1 US 20050042040 A1 US20050042040 A1 US 20050042040A1 US 91235104 A US91235104 A US 91235104A US 2005042040 A1 US2005042040 A1 US 2005042040A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- pad
- blocks
- block
- geosynthetic
- wall
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
- E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
- E02D29/0225—Retaining or protecting walls comprising retention means in the backfill
- E02D29/0241—Retaining or protecting walls comprising retention means in the backfill the retention means being reinforced earth elements
Definitions
- This invention relates generally to segmental retaining wall systems, and more specifically to a pad that is disposed between block layers and a geosynthetic reinforcement to enhance the connection between reinforcement and block in a segmental retaining wall.
- Retaining wall blocks are typically stacked on top of one another to build a wall for retaining soil at a desired elevation.
- reinforcing geosynthetics may be placed at different elevations within the backfill soil and between the blocks to interfere with shear planes within the soil mass that could cause wall failure and cause the soil behind the block face to act as a reinforced monolithic unit, not allowing a typical soil failure to occur.
- the geosynthetics are typically anchored by being sandwiched between blocks, with the overburden loads of the stacked block to apply normal force and capture the geosynthetic.
- the geosynthetics can be spaced at every block course or at greater intervals as needed.
- anchoring a geosynthetic between blocks would provide adequate connection of the geosynthetic with the block facia, but if the mating block surfaces are not in uniform contact or are smooth, the tensioned geosynthetic can slip from between the blocks and the block-geosynthetic system fail to perform its maximum design strength.
- a reinforced segmental retaining wall can be jeopardized when individual blocks move laterally outward under the lateral soil loads in the wall. Such failure is more likely when the connection strength between the geosynthetic and the block is inefficient or when the blocks are non-uniform, which can cause loads to be concentrated to the point where the localized compressive strength of a block is exceeded. Settlement of a wall can also cause cracking of individual blocks.
- segmental wall and geosynthetic reinforcement system that provides reliable and optimal connections between geosynthetics and the blocks of a wall.
- segmental retaining wall that minimizes failure of individual blocks under localized bearing loads and wall differential settlement.
- the block pad of the present invention overcomes inefficient connection problems when placed between upper and lower retaining wall blocks and the reinforcement geosynthetic.
- the block pad deforms to uniformly mate the surfaces of upper and lower blocks. This uniform mating improves the “grip” on a geosynthetic that is anchored between the blocks to ensure that there is optimal tension in the geosynthetic at the connection. Optimal tension results in smaller outward deflections in the wall and a better soil/block/reinforcement system.
- An added advantage of the pad is that it cushions against concentrated bearing loads on lower blocks to prevent cracking that can occur when the wall settles.
- One embodiment of the present invention is a pad made of a planar polymeric material inserted between courses of Segmental Retaining Wall (SRW) units (or blocks) placed as part of the retaining wall construction.
- the pad can be composed of any one of a number of materials, including but not limited to:
- This material is then cut to fit around the plan view shape of a specific block type, (Versalok, Keystone, Anchor block, etc.) over which the reinforcing pad is placed.
- the next block course is then placed over the pad, and construction continues in this manner until the desired wall height is achieved.
- the pad need not be inserted between every block or every course of blocks in the wall.
- a higher design efficiency results in less reinforcement being required and/or lower strength geosynthetics being used to reinforce the soil.
- the pads are an additional element in the wall system, the overall cost of the system is less because lower quantities or strengths of soil reinforcing geosynthetics are used.
- the use of the block pads results in lower deformations to the wall system when the geotextile is under tensile load.
- the present invention also has a cushioning effect from having the pad between block courses. This cushioning reduces block cracking from bearing loads and wall settlement.
- FIG. 1 is a plan view of a reinforcing pad in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is an elevational view of the pad of FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a segmental retaining wall under construction and having multiple block courses, a geosynthetic reinforcment layer, and pads in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 1 Illustrated generally in FIG. 1 , is a pad 20 in accordance with the present invention.
- the pad 20 as illustrated, has a plan shape intended to substantially match the plan shape of blocks to be used in building a segmental retaining wall. It should be noted that any shape of pad 20 will provide the benefits of the present invention, but preferably its shape substantially matches that of the blocks to be used in the wall.
- the pad 20 has a thickness that is determined based on the expected irregularities of the block to be used. Although depicted as a separate member, the pad 20 can be joined to the top or bottom surface of a block either before or after manufacture of the block. Such an arrangement may increase manufacturing costs of the block somewhat, but should reduce labor expenses in the actual construction of the wall.
- the pads preferably have a thickness approximately equal to the thickness of the geosynthetic being anchored. Other pad thicknesses can be used, with the optimal pad thickness determined based on the characteristics of the blocks, the geosynthetic, the bearing loads of the wall, and the amount of settlement expected.
- the improved connection between the wall and the geosynthetic is due to the interaction of the pad with the geosynthetic: specifically, a hard pad will not perform as well as a softer, more conforming pad. Also, the texture of the pad and geosynthetic affect performance. For example, a carpet non-skid foam pad performed better in testing, as compared with a nonwoven geotextile. The nonwoven fabric may have a better tendency to grip the geogrid, due to the many random fibers in the product. Further, a needlepunched nonwoven would be expected to perform better than say a flatter, calendared type nonwoven geosynthetic.
- a maximum thickness of the pad 20 may be an issue if the thickness is so great that shear within the pad itself becomes a mode of failure. Thus, the pad 20 should not be so thick as to risk unbearable shear loads in the pad itself.
- FIG. 3 illustrates the use of the pad 20 in the construction of a wall 22 .
- the wall 22 is formed by a number of layers (or courses) of blocks 24 .
- a geosynthetic 26 Disposed between the blocks is a geosynthetic 26 that extends into the soil to be reinforced. When properly tensioned, the geosynthetic 26 reinforces the soil to reduce the design loads on the retaining wall 22 .
- the geosynthetic 26 is a grid, but other types of geosynthetics can be used in accordance with the present invention.
- the block pad of the present invention has been tested and shown to improve
- connection strength testing has been performed using three materials:
- NCMA National Concrete Masonry Association
- the use of the present invention benefits reinforced walls by optimizing available geosynthetic design strength, and by reducing deformations in the system connection when under load.
- This invention allows geosynthetics to be utilized to their fullest tensile strength. The result is the most efficient/low cost delivered strength for geosynthetic products. It is expected that geosynthetic producers will be driven to conduct testing with the present invention with their geosynthetic and use the improved results as a selling tool to contractors.
- connection test results can be submitted to engineers and wall designers to assist in design efforts.
- a data file of block/grid/pad results to be used in design (NCMA software) can be generated and include design data and other information regarding the use of the present invention.
- the present invention is a relatively simple product to manufacture.
- a roll of material from a producer company in block type appropriate widths of master roll lengths is cut to the desired shape of the block to be reinforced.
- cutter sources such as the Packlite Company of Atlanta, Ga.
- specific dies can be generated to allow cutting of the pad for each type of block.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/912,351 US20050042040A1 (en) | 2001-08-13 | 2004-08-05 | Segmental block connection system |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/928,918 US20020124516A1 (en) | 2000-12-29 | 2001-08-13 | Segmental block connection system |
US10/912,351 US20050042040A1 (en) | 2001-08-13 | 2004-08-05 | Segmental block connection system |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/928,918 Division US20020124516A1 (en) | 2000-12-29 | 2001-08-13 | Segmental block connection system |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20050042040A1 true US20050042040A1 (en) | 2005-02-24 |
Family
ID=34195076
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/912,351 Abandoned US20050042040A1 (en) | 2001-08-13 | 2004-08-05 | Segmental block connection system |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20050042040A1 (US20050042040A1-20050224-C00003.png) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20090252561A1 (en) * | 2008-04-02 | 2009-10-08 | Sorheim Daniel R | Connection mechanism for large scale retaining wall blocks |
Citations (36)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2213355A (en) * | 1939-12-21 | 1940-09-03 | Roy D Woodworth | Wall construction |
US2687034A (en) * | 1950-08-08 | 1954-08-24 | Blanc Samuel | Interlocking building unit and hollow wall construction |
US3205629A (en) * | 1961-09-15 | 1965-09-14 | Elmore C Rumley | Joint sealing device for building wall panels |
US3374589A (en) * | 1965-10-12 | 1968-03-26 | Fred Neal Jr. | Course spacer and mortar barrier |
US3691708A (en) * | 1970-04-15 | 1972-09-19 | Omniform Inc | Watertight seal connection for prefabricated building panel seams |
US3813838A (en) * | 1972-04-24 | 1974-06-04 | H Brown | Building construction gasket |
US4374798A (en) * | 1978-10-16 | 1983-02-22 | P.L.G. Research | Production of plastic mesh structure |
US4616959A (en) * | 1985-03-25 | 1986-10-14 | Hilfiker Pipe Co. | Seawall using earth reinforcing mats |
US4825619A (en) * | 1986-09-15 | 1989-05-02 | Keystone Retaining Wall Systems, Inc. | Block wall |
US4914876A (en) * | 1986-09-15 | 1990-04-10 | Keystone Retaining Wall Systems, Inc. | Retaining wall with flexible mechanical soil stabilizing sheet |
US4998397A (en) * | 1989-11-17 | 1991-03-12 | Orton Michael V | Alignment and lateral support member for use in laying common concrete blocks |
US5045377A (en) * | 1988-10-05 | 1991-09-03 | Leucadia, Inc. | High performance continuous fiber reinforced composite grid |
US5056960A (en) * | 1989-12-28 | 1991-10-15 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Layered geosystem and method |
US5062610A (en) * | 1989-09-28 | 1991-11-05 | Block Systems Inc. | Composite masonry block mold for use in block molding machines |
US5064313A (en) * | 1990-05-25 | 1991-11-12 | Rothbury Investments Limited | Embankment reinforcing structures |
US5131791A (en) * | 1990-11-16 | 1992-07-21 | Beazer West, Inc. | Retaining wall system |
US5145288A (en) * | 1990-09-13 | 1992-09-08 | Borcherdt D Thomas | Mortarless retaining wall |
US5161917A (en) * | 1990-01-19 | 1992-11-10 | Officine Maccaferri S.P.A. | Method of and an element for the production of structures for containing areas of ground |
US5224801A (en) * | 1991-11-25 | 1993-07-06 | Quaney Patrick E | Interlocked gridwork for retaining walls, and the like |
US5294216A (en) * | 1989-09-28 | 1994-03-15 | Anchor Wall Systems, Inc. | Composite masonry block |
US5370480A (en) * | 1992-11-16 | 1994-12-06 | Quaney; Patrick E. | Interlocked gridwork for retaining walls, and the like |
US5466092A (en) * | 1993-10-25 | 1995-11-14 | Semenza; Christopher G. | Form-drain filter |
US5553435A (en) * | 1994-12-09 | 1996-09-10 | Eickhoff; Jon H. | Block spacer system |
US5595460A (en) * | 1994-06-06 | 1997-01-21 | The Tensar Corporation | Modular block retaining wall system and method of constructing same |
US5651641A (en) * | 1995-05-31 | 1997-07-29 | Nicolon Corporation | Geosynthetics |
US5677016A (en) * | 1994-09-19 | 1997-10-14 | Officine Maccaferri S.P.A. | Foldable multicellular structure for rapid intervention works |
US6019550A (en) * | 1996-05-21 | 2000-02-01 | Nelton Limited | Modular block retaining wall construction |
US6089792A (en) * | 1997-12-19 | 2000-07-18 | Khamis; Suheil R. | Reinforced retaining wall |
US6171984B1 (en) * | 1997-12-03 | 2001-01-09 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Fiber glass based geosynthetic material |
US6296422B1 (en) * | 1997-02-25 | 2001-10-02 | Officine Maccaferri S.P.A. | Element for forming ground covering, restraining and reinforcing structures, particularly for forming retaining walls |
US6416260B1 (en) * | 2000-05-18 | 2002-07-09 | Permawall Systems, Inc. | Self-connecting, reinforced retaining wall and masonry units therefor |
US6443662B1 (en) * | 2000-10-25 | 2002-09-03 | Geostar Corporation | Connector for engaging soil-reinforcing grid to an earth retaining wall and method for same |
US6443663B1 (en) * | 2000-10-25 | 2002-09-03 | Geostar Corp. | Self-locking clamp for engaging soil-reinforcing sheet in earth retaining wall and method |
US6447211B1 (en) * | 2000-10-25 | 2002-09-10 | Geostar Corp. | Blocks and connector for mechanically-stabilized earth retaining wall having soil-reinforcing sheets and method for constructing same |
US6457911B1 (en) * | 2000-10-25 | 2002-10-01 | Geostar Corporation | Blocks and connector for mechanically-stabilized earth retaining wall having soil-reinforcing sheets |
US6539684B1 (en) * | 1999-11-04 | 2003-04-01 | Innovative Block Inc. | Concrete block for elevating and retaining surfaces |
-
2004
- 2004-08-05 US US10/912,351 patent/US20050042040A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (36)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2213355A (en) * | 1939-12-21 | 1940-09-03 | Roy D Woodworth | Wall construction |
US2687034A (en) * | 1950-08-08 | 1954-08-24 | Blanc Samuel | Interlocking building unit and hollow wall construction |
US3205629A (en) * | 1961-09-15 | 1965-09-14 | Elmore C Rumley | Joint sealing device for building wall panels |
US3374589A (en) * | 1965-10-12 | 1968-03-26 | Fred Neal Jr. | Course spacer and mortar barrier |
US3691708A (en) * | 1970-04-15 | 1972-09-19 | Omniform Inc | Watertight seal connection for prefabricated building panel seams |
US3813838A (en) * | 1972-04-24 | 1974-06-04 | H Brown | Building construction gasket |
US4374798A (en) * | 1978-10-16 | 1983-02-22 | P.L.G. Research | Production of plastic mesh structure |
US4616959A (en) * | 1985-03-25 | 1986-10-14 | Hilfiker Pipe Co. | Seawall using earth reinforcing mats |
US4825619A (en) * | 1986-09-15 | 1989-05-02 | Keystone Retaining Wall Systems, Inc. | Block wall |
US4914876A (en) * | 1986-09-15 | 1990-04-10 | Keystone Retaining Wall Systems, Inc. | Retaining wall with flexible mechanical soil stabilizing sheet |
US5045377A (en) * | 1988-10-05 | 1991-09-03 | Leucadia, Inc. | High performance continuous fiber reinforced composite grid |
US5062610A (en) * | 1989-09-28 | 1991-11-05 | Block Systems Inc. | Composite masonry block mold for use in block molding machines |
US5294216A (en) * | 1989-09-28 | 1994-03-15 | Anchor Wall Systems, Inc. | Composite masonry block |
US4998397A (en) * | 1989-11-17 | 1991-03-12 | Orton Michael V | Alignment and lateral support member for use in laying common concrete blocks |
US5056960A (en) * | 1989-12-28 | 1991-10-15 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Layered geosystem and method |
US5161917A (en) * | 1990-01-19 | 1992-11-10 | Officine Maccaferri S.P.A. | Method of and an element for the production of structures for containing areas of ground |
US5064313A (en) * | 1990-05-25 | 1991-11-12 | Rothbury Investments Limited | Embankment reinforcing structures |
US5145288A (en) * | 1990-09-13 | 1992-09-08 | Borcherdt D Thomas | Mortarless retaining wall |
US5131791A (en) * | 1990-11-16 | 1992-07-21 | Beazer West, Inc. | Retaining wall system |
US5224801A (en) * | 1991-11-25 | 1993-07-06 | Quaney Patrick E | Interlocked gridwork for retaining walls, and the like |
US5370480A (en) * | 1992-11-16 | 1994-12-06 | Quaney; Patrick E. | Interlocked gridwork for retaining walls, and the like |
US5466092A (en) * | 1993-10-25 | 1995-11-14 | Semenza; Christopher G. | Form-drain filter |
US5595460A (en) * | 1994-06-06 | 1997-01-21 | The Tensar Corporation | Modular block retaining wall system and method of constructing same |
US5677016A (en) * | 1994-09-19 | 1997-10-14 | Officine Maccaferri S.P.A. | Foldable multicellular structure for rapid intervention works |
US5553435A (en) * | 1994-12-09 | 1996-09-10 | Eickhoff; Jon H. | Block spacer system |
US5651641A (en) * | 1995-05-31 | 1997-07-29 | Nicolon Corporation | Geosynthetics |
US6019550A (en) * | 1996-05-21 | 2000-02-01 | Nelton Limited | Modular block retaining wall construction |
US6296422B1 (en) * | 1997-02-25 | 2001-10-02 | Officine Maccaferri S.P.A. | Element for forming ground covering, restraining and reinforcing structures, particularly for forming retaining walls |
US6171984B1 (en) * | 1997-12-03 | 2001-01-09 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Fiber glass based geosynthetic material |
US6089792A (en) * | 1997-12-19 | 2000-07-18 | Khamis; Suheil R. | Reinforced retaining wall |
US6539684B1 (en) * | 1999-11-04 | 2003-04-01 | Innovative Block Inc. | Concrete block for elevating and retaining surfaces |
US6416260B1 (en) * | 2000-05-18 | 2002-07-09 | Permawall Systems, Inc. | Self-connecting, reinforced retaining wall and masonry units therefor |
US6443662B1 (en) * | 2000-10-25 | 2002-09-03 | Geostar Corporation | Connector for engaging soil-reinforcing grid to an earth retaining wall and method for same |
US6443663B1 (en) * | 2000-10-25 | 2002-09-03 | Geostar Corp. | Self-locking clamp for engaging soil-reinforcing sheet in earth retaining wall and method |
US6447211B1 (en) * | 2000-10-25 | 2002-09-10 | Geostar Corp. | Blocks and connector for mechanically-stabilized earth retaining wall having soil-reinforcing sheets and method for constructing same |
US6457911B1 (en) * | 2000-10-25 | 2002-10-01 | Geostar Corporation | Blocks and connector for mechanically-stabilized earth retaining wall having soil-reinforcing sheets |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20090252561A1 (en) * | 2008-04-02 | 2009-10-08 | Sorheim Daniel R | Connection mechanism for large scale retaining wall blocks |
US7828498B2 (en) | 2008-04-02 | 2010-11-09 | Sorheim Daniel R | Connection mechanism for large scale retaining wall blocks |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |