US20040201216A1 - Fastening mechanism for medical connectors - Google Patents
Fastening mechanism for medical connectors Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20040201216A1 US20040201216A1 US10/650,093 US65009303A US2004201216A1 US 20040201216 A1 US20040201216 A1 US 20040201216A1 US 65009303 A US65009303 A US 65009303A US 2004201216 A1 US2004201216 A1 US 2004201216A1
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- medical
- medical connector
- fluid
- housing part
- connector
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M39/00—Tubes, tube connectors, tube couplings, valves, access sites or the like, specially adapted for medical use
- A61M39/02—Access sites
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L37/00—Couplings of the quick-acting type
- F16L37/24—Couplings of the quick-acting type in which the connection is made by inserting one member axially into the other and rotating it to a limited extent, e.g. with bayonet action
- F16L37/244—Couplings of the quick-acting type in which the connection is made by inserting one member axially into the other and rotating it to a limited extent, e.g. with bayonet action the coupling being co-axial with the pipe
- F16L37/248—Bayonet-type couplings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M39/00—Tubes, tube connectors, tube couplings, valves, access sites or the like, specially adapted for medical use
- A61M39/10—Tube connectors; Tube couplings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M39/00—Tubes, tube connectors, tube couplings, valves, access sites or the like, specially adapted for medical use
- A61M39/10—Tube connectors; Tube couplings
- A61M2039/1033—Swivel nut connectors, e.g. threaded connectors, bayonet-connectors
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M39/00—Tubes, tube connectors, tube couplings, valves, access sites or the like, specially adapted for medical use
- A61M39/10—Tube connectors; Tube couplings
- A61M2039/1072—Tube connectors; Tube couplings with a septum present in the connector
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M39/00—Tubes, tube connectors, tube couplings, valves, access sites or the like, specially adapted for medical use
- A61M39/10—Tube connectors; Tube couplings
- A61M2039/1094—Tube connectors; Tube couplings at least partly incompatible with standard connectors, e.g. to prevent fatal mistakes in connection
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
- A61M2205/60—General characteristics of the apparatus with identification means
- A61M2205/6045—General characteristics of the apparatus with identification means having complementary physical shapes for indexing or registration purposes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S285/00—Pipe joints or couplings
- Y10S285/914—Irreversible
Definitions
- FIG. 3 is an end view of the two half portion of a medical connector illustrating another embodiment of the connection mechanism in accordance with the teachings of the present invention.
- This present invention involves one or more, such as a family, of medical connectors with male and female halves which are shape- and/or size-indexed so that only complementary pairs of connectors may be coupled and then employed to deliver a fluid a patient along a selected fluid pathway.
- the connectors of the present invention help avoid accidental administration of a fluid to the wrong fluid pathway by ensuring that fluid delivering devices can only be connected to a fluid receiving device having a specific configuration.
- the present invention may be adapted to many different medical applications in the field of medical connectors, injection apparatus, and infusion devices.
- an epidural catheter 80 can be connected via its female luer hub adapter 82 to a male luer fitting 84 coupled to one end of a medical connector, generally illustrated as medical connector portion 86 , configured in accordance with the present invention.
- the connector 86 couples to the other connector half to complete the medical connection.
- the illustrated connector 86 when not coupled to its mating connector, generally cannot be connected to any standard syringe or medical tubing which is devoid of a complementary surface feature.
- Any catheter, injection adapter, tubing set, syringe, or device connecting to a patient catheter and currently using luer universal connectors can be adapted to incorporate half connectors of a given type from the present invention.
- the invention thus allows a family of safety injection sources and catheters to replace the inherently less safe universal connectors in wide use today.
- FIG. 7B illustrates another example of attachment mechanisms adapted for use with the medical connector of the present invention.
- the illustrated medical connector can be coupled to a hollow sharpened spike designed for piercing bags of intravenous fluids, blood products, or premixed intravenous medications; a connector to feeding tubes; or a connector for certain specialized catheters used in peritoneal dialysis.
- a half connector 1 is incorporated into a tubing set for infusion of fluids or medications into a patient, typically comprised of tubing 540 and a spike 535 for piercing a container of fluid or medication, which can be seen to be infusing through a transparent drip chamber 530 .
- FIG. 1 illustrates another example of attachment mechanisms adapted for use with the medical connector of the present invention.
- the illustrated medical connector can be coupled to a hollow sharpened spike designed for piercing bags of intravenous fluids, blood products, or premixed intravenous medications; a connector to feeding tubes; or a connector for certain specialized catheters
- a half connector 1 is incorporated into a syringe 545 .
- a half connector 1 is incorporated into a three-way stopcock 550 which allows entry of medication or withdrawal of fluids or medications from a tubing set 555 .
- the illustrative medical connector may include a ratchet mechanism to lock the medical connector to a fluid conduit.
- a syringe 546 or other fluid delivering device includes a medical fitting 548 having screw threads 547 for receiving the medical connector 1 ′.
- the medical connector includes protrusions, such as teeth 550 a and 550 b , formed on the outwardly extending portion 36 ′ that extends along the longitudinal axis. The teeth 550 a , 550 b screw into the threads 547 of the syringe 546 to couple the medical connector to the syringe 546 .
- the central fluid lumen 10 ′ of the first medical connector portion 1 ′ extends longitudinally therethrough from one end to the other.
- the complementary medical connector portion 3 ′ includes a central fluid lumen 60 ′ that passes longitudinally therethrough and is adapted to receive the protruding central fluid lumen 10 ′ of the first connector portion 1 ′.
- the pins 160 ′ are inserted into the complementary slots 165 ′ and screwed into the threads 570 , such that the first central fluid lumen 10 ′ is inserted into the second central fluid lumen 60 ′.
- This invention is designed to be used in both routine and emergency medical care. As such, simple and rapid identification of the complementary half connectors is important. Besides inspection of the mating surfaces themselves, a variety of techniques may be utilized to ease identification of the connectors (see Section 5). The preferred implementation of this technology into medical practice would involve standardization of the various connector types to be used only for certain catheters. For example, there could be one type only used for epidural catheters, one for peripheral intravenous catheters, and another for central venous catheters.
Abstract
A medical connector adapted for placement between a catheter and a medical infusion or injection source includes a pair of interlocking half medical connector portions, one side of which attaches to the infusion source and the other side of which is coupled to the catheter connected to the patient and a locking mechanism for locking a medical connector portion to a medical fitting. The connection to the catheter and the infusion source can be via standard medical luer taper fittings, with or without specially designed locking mechanisms that prevent inadvertent disconnection. The medical connector itself is uniquely shaped and includes a raised surface feature and a recessed surface feature formed on the medical connector portions.
Description
- This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/124,288 filed on Apr. 17, 2002, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/094,433, filed Jun. 8, 1998, entitled “Safety Indexed Medical Connectors”, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference.
- The present invention relates to fluid connectors, and more particularly to fluid connectors used in medical environments and designed to ensure the correct and appropriate administration of medicaments to a patient.
- Errors in prescribing and delivering medications to patients are, unfortunately, common in medical practice. Many of these mistakes result in patient injury or death, and even if the patient recovers fully, the cost to society of induced and prolonged hospital stays and greater patient charges are staggering. It is estimated that at least 25,000 incidents involving drugs administered to a patient by the wrong route occur annually, all of which are the result of preventable human error. The most common cause of confusion in route of administration is the universal nature of medical connectors and injection sites. Most medical connectors and infusion/injection sites are universal couplers that are designed to mate with and therefore accept most syringes and other fluid delivering devices. The most common types of infusion sites are rubber septa designed to be pierced by a needle, and female luer connectors designed to be connected to a syringe or medical tubing with a male luer fitting, either by friction fit or threaded lock. Both types of sites are commonly included in intravenous infusion tubing, on the ends of heparin locks, in stopcocks in all types of intravenous, arterial, epidural, and other type connectors, and even in devices not designed for medication or fluid infusion at all, such as esophageal stethoscopes and urinary catheters. The universal employment of rubber septum injection ports and female luer connectors is directly coupled to thousands of errors in which a medication or fluid designed to be given by one route has inadvertently been given by another route, sometimes with disastrous consequences.
- Several additional problems arise from use of current technology. The use of needles for connecting infusion lines and the administration of medicines has led to many cases of needlestick injury and transmission of blood borne infections, including hepatitis and AIDS. The infusion of proper fluids through the needle and coupler is also prone to inadvertent failure due to unwanted disconnection of the needle from the rubber septum. Moreover, repeated piercing of the coupler with the needle can taint the sterile fluid pathway.
- The prior art has attempted to address the foregoing concerns by employing needleless systems and locking connectors, but they too are designed as universal connectors which are subject to route of administration errors. For example, a patient may be connected to multiple fluid delivering devices, hence forming multiple fluid pathways. The medical connectors are typically coupled to fluid delivering and receiving devices by universal type connectors, such as luer fittings. Hence, an attending person may accidentally apply a medicament to the wrong fluid pathway since the universal connector accepts or can be coupled to conventional fluid delivering devices.
- It is an object of this invention to develop a needleless, relatively safe, locking connector system that is fluid path-specific. That is, the system should allow only infusions or injections of the proper type to be connected to the specific catheter or tubing type. In order to maintain efficiency and ease of locating the proper connectors, especially in an emergency, the types of connectors should be easily determinable by inspection.
- Other general and more specific objects of the invention will in part be obvious and will in part appear from the drawings and description which follow.
- The invention described herein is designed to eliminate, prevent or reduce the occurrence of unwanted or accidental administration of fluids to the wrong fluid pathway through known universal connectors. The present invention addresses this problem by replacing the universal connector with unique specially configured male/female connector pairs, each coded for use with only one type of medical catheter or device (e.g., peripheral intravenous catheter, central venous catheter, arterial catheter, epidural catheter, dialysis catheter).
- The present invention specifically describes in one aspect a family of medical connectors designed to attach a medical infusion or injection device to a patient catheter or device. It is comprised of pairs of male-female locking connectors. The mating surfaces are uniquely indexed so that only complementary halves of the appropriate set connect together. Preferably, the fluid path runs through the length of the connector halves, with complementary shape- and/or size-indexed pieces constructed coaxially with the fluid path in each half connector. When in use, the two halves are pressed together and via a number of possible techniques locked into position, thus completing the fluid path. The ends of the connector halves opposite the mating surfaces can attach to standard luer-type medical connectors, preferably female on one half and male on the other, in order to interpose the mated connector between a catheter or other patient receiving device and an infusion or fluid delivering device, such as an intravenous tubing set or a syringe. In certain specialized applications, female-female, or male-male outer ends can be incorporated; in still others, non-luer fittings may be incorporated, for example to facilitate piercing a vial or intravenous fluid container.
- According to another aspect of the invention, one half of the connector can be permanently attached to a catheter, infusion tubing set or syringe. This facilitates use of the device in applications which are especially sensitive to errors in fluid or medication administration, to ensure correct drug administration in emergency situations. In another aspect, a valve can be incorporated into either or both halves of the connector pair which closes the fluid path when the two halves are not mated together, or may incorporate irreversible locking mechanisms to attach the connector half permanently to a catheter, tubing end or syringe.
- The present invention also provides for a medical connector suitable for use in coupling a fluid delivering conduit to a fluid receiving conduit, such as a catheter adapted for insertion within a patient. The medical includes first and second connector housing parts having a first end sized to mate with the fluid receiving and delivering conduits and a second end having a selected first surface feature formed thereon. When assembled, the first surface feature of the first housing part couples with the second surface feature of the second housing part to form a fluid connection therebetween.
- The present invention further provides a locking mechanism for locking the medical connector to a fluid conduit. The locking mechanism may include a ratchet mechanism that allows rotation of the medical connector about the fluid path in one direction only. As a result, once the medical connector has been attached to the fluid conduit, removal of the medical connector from the fluid conduit is difficult or impossible.
- The foregoing and other objects, features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following description and apparent from the accompanying drawings, in which like reference characters refer to the same parts throughout the different views. The drawings illustrate principles of the invention and, although not to scale, show relative dimensions.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of one embodiment of a medical connector incorporating a selectively configured connection mechanism employing both raised and recessed surface features according to the teachings of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the medical connector of FIG. 1 disposed in a closed or assembled position.
- FIG. 3 is an end view of the two half portion of a medical connector illustrating another embodiment of the connection mechanism in accordance with the teachings of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is an unassembled perspective view of another embodiment of the medical connector in accordance with the teachings of the present invention.
- FIGS. 5A through 5D illustrate various constructions of the connection mechanism in accordance with the teachings of the present invention.
- FIGS. 6A through 6C illustrate various constructions of a locking mechanism suitable for use with the medical connector of the present invention.
- FIGS. 7A through 7D illustrate the manner in which the medical connector of the present invention can be coupled to various fluid delivering or receiving devices.
- FIGS. 8A-8D illustrates the medical connector including a ratchet mechanism for locking the medical connector to a fluid conduit, illustrated as a syringe, according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- This present invention involves one or more, such as a family, of medical connectors with male and female halves which are shape- and/or size-indexed so that only complementary pairs of connectors may be coupled and then employed to deliver a fluid a patient along a selected fluid pathway. The connectors of the present invention help avoid accidental administration of a fluid to the wrong fluid pathway by ensuring that fluid delivering devices can only be connected to a fluid receiving device having a specific configuration. The present invention may be adapted to many different medical applications in the field of medical connectors, injection apparatus, and infusion devices.
- FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of two general medical connector portions, designated as a first male medical connector portion1 and a second female medical connector portion 3, which incorporate in their first ends, respectively, a
protuberance 15 and acavity 25 complementary in shape to the protuberance. These surface features allow the two connector halves to fit together in a fluid-tight seal, as shown in FIG. 2. A fluid path runs through thelong axis 4 of the first portion 1 and the second portion 2. Specifically, the medical connector portion 1 includes acentral fluid lumen 10 that extends longitudinally therethrough from one end to the other. Likewise, the other medical connector portion 3 includes acentral fluid lumen 60 that passes longitudinally therethrough. When assembled, thefluid lumens - The illustrated first medical connector portion1 has a surface feature formed on a mating end, such as the raised
protuberance 15. Theprotuberance 15 can have many shapes, and as illustrated is an annulus having an outer, flattenedsurface 5 that is disposed generally perpendicular to thelong axis 4 of the connector 1 and thelumen 10. The second medical connector 3 has a complementary shaped surface feature, such as recess orcavity 25, which seats theprotuberance 15 of the first connector portion 1. Therecess 10 ends in afloor stop 65 which is designed to stop the advance of theprotuberance 15 when disposed within the recess. Acentral lumen 65 forms a second fluid pathway within the connector 3 and extends substantially from the recessed first end to the opposite end. - The matable complementary shaped surface features15,25 of the medical connectors are designed to be incompatible with conventional type fittings, such as luer taper fittings, which are a family of friction-fit, locking connectors of standardized size and shape, widely used in medical applications, and well known in the art. The surface features can have a variety of shape and sizes, such as illustrated in FIGS. 5A-5D.
- The illustrated first medical connector1 includes an outer housing having a recessed end which forms an
outer annulus 26 that is coaxially disposed about theprotuberance 15. Theouter annulus 26 includes a number ofchannels 28 formed therein, which terminate in a lock orkey portion 29, formed towards an intermediate portion of the medical connector. The medical connector 1 can further include a series ofcircumferential grooves 32 formed about the outer body portion of the connector. The grooves are preferably sized to seat a locking arm, FIG. 6C, that can be formed on the other medical connector part for locking or securing the two connector components together to form a fluid-tight seal. - With further reference to FIG. 1, the medical connector portion1 further includes a stepped outwardly extending
housing portion 34, and a further outwardly extendingportion 36 that extends along thelongitudinal axis 4. This portion terminates in a flange orcollar 55 adapted to connect with a fluid receiving or delivering device. The other medical connector part 3 includes anouter housing portion 38 configured complementary to themating end 20 of the other connector portion 1, so as to be able to couple thereto in a fluid sealing arrangement. Specifically, theouter housing portion 38 of the medical connector 3 terminates in atab portion 35 that is designed to seat within thekey portion 29 of the other medical connector portion 1. The connector 3 is further tapered at anintermediate portion 42 and includes a cut-outportion 44. The connector terminates in achamfered end 70 having anaxially extending connector 50. - The two medical connector portions1, 3 when mated together can either be held together by a friction fit arrangement, by the key locking scheme illustrated in FIG. 1, or by a number of other locking schemes, as shown in FIGS. 6A through 6C. The illustrated locking scheme involves seating the
protuberance 15 in therecess 25 such that the mating portions of the two connectors are coaxially arranged. Furthermore, theouter housing 38 of connector 3 has anend 30 that seats within the space orchannel 31 formed between theprotuberance 15 and theouter annulus 26. Likewise, theouter end 20 of the protuberance is coaxially arranged with and seats about the outer surface orshell 38. In order to assemble the connector parts, the portions 1 and 3 are pressed together, and the outer housing portions rotated around its long axis so that thetab 35 engages and locks with the complementarykey portion 29. The assembled medical connector portions form a secure, fluid-tightmedical connector 40 that couple together various fluid devices, such as catheters, needles, or syringes connected to theluer fittings - The illustrated medical connector portions1, 3 of the invention are designed to be application or path-specific. The male or first connector portion 1 of the
medical connector 40 is configured to mate with only one type of mating surface, although selected others are also contemplated, and will not mate with other female type connectors. Thus a connector designated, for example, for epidural catheter injections is generally incapable of connection to a syringe intended for intravenous injection absent the specially configured surface feature. The identity of the connector type is readily recognizable by the skilled artisan from the shape or design of the mating surfaces, as well as from distinctive markings on the outer surfaces of the half connectors. These markings can include textured features, color coding and/or text labels, such as labels 70. - Each medical connector portion1, 3 has an
end medical connector 40 to be interposed between standard medical components now in widespread use. Themedical connector 40 can also be permanently incorporated into various catheters, connectors, syringes, tubing sets, and other devices designed for patient connection, as shown in FIGS. 7A-7D. - FIG. 3 illustrates another type of connector design suitable for use in accordance with the present invention. The illustrated connector includes two
connector portions medical connector portions 60 includes a quadrilateral shaped raisedsurface feature 66 extending from one end 60A. The connector includes afluid lumen 68 formed therein that extends between the connector ends. Theother connector portion 62 has a recessedsurface feature 72 complementary in shape to the raised feature in order to accommodate and properly seat the raised feature to form a fluid tight seal. According to one practice, theend region 62A includes acavity 72 that has afloor portion 74. The floor portion is apertured with an opening that defines thefluid lumen 70. The lumen extends between the connector ends. - When assembled, the
protuberance 66 seats within thecavity 72 to dispose thelumen 68 in fluid communication with thelumen 70 to form a continuous fluid path along the assembled connector and between, for example, an infusion or injection source and a patient catheter. The twoconnector portions epidural catheter 80 can be connected via its female luer hub adapter 82 to a male luer fitting 84 coupled to one end of a medical connector, generally illustrated asmedical connector portion 86, configured in accordance with the present invention. Theconnector 86 couples to the other connector half to complete the medical connection. According to one practice, the illustratedconnector 86, when not coupled to its mating connector, generally cannot be connected to any standard syringe or medical tubing which is devoid of a complementary surface feature. - FIGS. 5A through 5D illustrate still other embodiments of the surface features which can be formed on the mating ends of the medical connectors in accordance with the present invention. In each case, a complementary pair of protuberances and recesses are incorporated into the medical connectors. In FIG. 5A, the protuberances can have a variety of geometric shapes, which are arranged coaxially around the
lumen 10. The shapes of the surface features can further include atriangle 100, square 105,pentagon 110, hexagon 115, or other regular polygon or quadrilateral shape. As is readily apparent to those of ordinary skill, each illustrated surface feature can replace thecylindrical protuberance 15 of FIG. 1. The raised surface features fit into a complementary shaped and sized cavity formed in the other medical connector half. - FIGS. 5B and 5C illustrate employing raised surface features that have varying sizes. In these instances, the
lumen 10 is surrounded by a cylindrical protuberance of small 130, intermediate 135, or larger 140 diameter, or alternatively a regular polygon of small 145, intermediate 150, or larger 155 size. FIG. 5D illustrates employing radial projections in an outer surface of the connector half, to effectuate radial pin indexing. In this configuration, radially spacedpins 160 are arranged circumferentially about theprotuberance 15. These pins uniquely mate withcomplementary slots 165 arranged radially within the walls of thecavity 25 formed in the other connector half. - The foregoing medical connectors can be fashioned from hard plastic or other suitably minimally deformable material, so that incompatible connector halves cannot mate in a fluid-tight manner. Attempts to do so will cause the fluid path to leak, preventing inadvertent injection. Integrity of the fluid path can be ensured either by a tight friction fit between the complementary connector parts, or by the inclusion of an integral rubber or other deformable gasket on the male portion of the connector pair. This gasket would be slightly larger in its non-deformed state than the complementary female half connector's cavity, so that when the two connectors are mated, the gasket deforms and causes a tight seal.
- Two complementary medical connector portions can be joined together to form a complete medical connector. Once assembled, the connector portions can be locked into the mated or joined position in a variety of ways. Some examples of locking arrangements suitable for use with the medical connector of the present invention are illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 6A through6C. As described above, the connector portions 1 and 3 of FIG. 1 include a key and tab engagement arrangement to secure the connector halves together. FIG. 6A illustrates a pair of medical connectors 200 and 205 which can be assembled and held together with a simple friction fit. In this configuration, the mating portion of connector 200 is slightly smaller in size than the complementary connector 205 so that when engaged, sufficient force is required to separate the connector pair such that ordinary injection pressures do not separate them. Specifically, the medical connectors 200, 205 require some amount of force to separate the connector portions. The tolerances of the two mating medical connector portions are such that the pressure in the fluid delivering or receiving conduits attached to the connector are generally insufficient to drive the pair apart.
- FIG. 6B illustrates another of securing or locking the
connectors connector 305 includes a stepped axially extendinglip portion 305 formed on the mating end of the connector. The lip of the larger connector includes a slightly raised portion ordetent 306 extending radially inwardly towards or into the lumen. Thelip 305 is adapted for engagement with a complementary channel or indent formed in the mating end of theother connector 320, which is of slightly smaller diameter. The two connector halves can lock together with a pushing action, with one side designed to pass over the other. When assembled, thesmaller connector 320 is pushed within thelarger connector half 300 until thelip 305 engages thecomplementary indent 310, thereby securing the connector portions together. - FIG. 6C shows the similar arrangement of two outer housings of slightly
different diameters slots 400 formed on the outer surface ofconnector 320, which engage slightly spreadable ordeformable fingers 405 attached to and extending from the other connector half. - Still other embodiments of securing mechanisms include providing connector portions that contain a central fluid lumen, and ending in luer or other fittings for connection to medical tubing, syringes, or catheters. The entire inner portion of the connector is adapted to spin freely around the axis of the fluid lumen. When assembling together the two medical connector halves, the inner portions of the connectors mate together, and then the outer housing portions of the connectors are twisted together to lock them. Several mechanisms for locking the outer portions are possible. The two outer housings could be designed with complementary deformable tabs and slots which engage when twisted together, threaded ends which screw together, or fingers on one part which lock into slots on the other part, as described above in connection with FIGS. 6A through 6C. Another embodiment of a securing mechanism can include configuring the inner mating portions of the connector portions so as not to spin along the axis of the fluid lumen.
- As described above, the foregoing medical connectors function as a basic interface between standard fluid delivering and receiving devices, such as standard catheters and infection sources, via standard medical luer fittings. In the usual application, one connector portion of the present invention contains at its non-mating end a male luer fitting with or without a standard twist-lock feature, and the other connector contains a similarly positioned female luer fitting. In certain specialized applications, twin female or male luer adapters could be incorporated.
- This medical connectors of the invention can also be fitted with connectors at the non-mating ends that allow its connection to other medical devices and containers. In one important embodiment of this invention, one connector half is permanently fused to or incorporated into a standard medical infusion device, so that use of a complementary connector is mandatory to access the catheter or device. For example, an epidural catheter adapter, which typically grips a 18 to 21 G epidural catheter and ends in a female luer fitting, is mounted to one end of the medical connector half. Only a syringe or tubing set incorporating or fitted with the complementary half connector can be used with this type of epidural catheter. Any catheter, injection adapter, tubing set, syringe, or device connecting to a patient catheter and currently using luer universal connectors can be adapted to incorporate half connectors of a given type from the present invention. The invention thus allows a family of safety injection sources and catheters to replace the inherently less safe universal connectors in wide use today.
- The foregoing safety medical connectors are designed to be interposed between existing devices for medical infusions, injections, or aspirations. An additional feature of the present invention is the fusion of a half connector as illustrated in FIG. 1 into a standard medical connector or device. FIGS. 7A through 7D illustrate the incorporation of a safety connector half into an
epidural catheter connector 500, which in turn is connected to anepidural catheter 505. Any of the mating and locking configurations of the present invention, for example therectangular surface feature 510, can be incorporated into the end of the epidural catheter connector. The epidural catheter connector in turn mates with a complementarysafety connector half 520. This connector half includes a complementary shaped surface feature that ensures that only medications intended for epidural delivery are injected through the epidural catheter, since only aspecific surface feature 510 can mate with theconnector half 520. - FIG. 7B illustrates another example of attachment mechanisms adapted for use with the medical connector of the present invention. The illustrated medical connector can be coupled to a hollow sharpened spike designed for piercing bags of intravenous fluids, blood products, or premixed intravenous medications; a connector to feeding tubes; or a connector for certain specialized catheters used in peritoneal dialysis. Specifically, a half connector1 is incorporated into a tubing set for infusion of fluids or medications into a patient, typically comprised of
tubing 540 and aspike 535 for piercing a container of fluid or medication, which can be seen to be infusing through atransparent drip chamber 530. In still another configuration, as shown in FIG. 7C, a half connector 1 is incorporated into asyringe 545. In another embodiment, as shown in FIG. 7D, a half connector 1 is incorporated into a three-way stopcock 550 which allows entry of medication or withdrawal of fluids or medications from atubing set 555. - Other variations of the basic design of the medical connector of the present invention are contemplated by this invention and thus form part of the description. First, one medical connector half may be fused permanently or incorporated into an existing medical infusion or injection device. For example, a syringe prefilled with a medication that can only be given safely by a certain route could be fashioned with a half connector on its end. Only by mating with a catheter fitted with the appropriate complementary connector part (perhaps also permanently mounted) can the injection be given. Tubing sets designed for particular applications such as epidural anesthetic infusions can be fashioned with injection sites which only connect to other complementary connector parts. Thus, while allowing simple and needleless injection of additional medications, inadvertent injection of inappropriate medications would be significantly less likely, and hence prevented.
- According to another embodiment, shown in FIGS. 8a-8 d, the illustrative medical connector may include a ratchet mechanism to lock the medical connector to a fluid conduit. As shown in FIGS. 8a, a
syringe 546 or other fluid delivering device includes amedical fitting 548 havingscrew threads 547 for receiving the medical connector 1′. As shown in FIG. 8b, the medical connector includes protrusions, such asteeth portion 36′ that extends along the longitudinal axis. Theteeth threads 547 of thesyringe 546 to couple the medical connector to thesyringe 546. - As shown in FIGS. 8b and 8 c, the medical connector 1′ includes an
outer sleeve 560 and aninner body 561, which is integral with the outwardly extendingportion 36′ and includes thecentral fluid lumen 10′ passing longitudinally therethrough. Theouter sleeve 560 of the medical connector is adapted to spin about theinner body 561 in one direction only, illustrated by the arrow. Theouter sleeve 560 include teeth on an inner surface that mesh with a pawl of theinner body 561 to prevent backward motion of theouter sleeve 560. One skilled in the art will recognize that any suitable mechanism for imparting, governing or preventing motion of theouter sleeve 560 relative to theinner body 561 in order to allow effective movement of the outer sleeve around the inner body in one direction only may be utilized. - When the medical connector1′ is coupled to the
syringe 546, as shown in FIGS. 8c and 8 d, unscrewing of the medical connector from the syringe is difficult or impossible. The medical connector 1′ is locked to thesyringe 546 by inserting the outwardly extendingportion 36′ into themedical fitting 548 and rotating the medical connector in a second direction opposite the direction of the arrow. When the medical connector is rotated in the second direction, relative motion between theouter sleeve 560 and theinner body 561 is prevented by the ratchet mechanism and theouter sleeve 560 and theinner body 561 rotate together as one collective body. Theteeth threads 547 of the fitting and follow the ramped edge of the threads until the medical connector 1′ is tightly secured to thesyringe 546. However, when a user attempts to unscrew the medical connector 1′ from thesyringe 546 by rotating the medical connector about the longitudinal direction in the direction of the arrow (i.e. opposite the direction in which the medical connector was rotated to screw the medical connector to the syringe), theouter sleeve 560 rotates without turninginner body 561, extendingportion 36′ andteeth teeth threads 547 of the fitting 548 and the medical connector 1′ remains locked to themedical fitting 548. The relative movement of theouter sleeve 560 while theinner body 561 remains fixed thus prevents or impedes unscrewing of the medical connector from the syringe. - The illustrative medical connector1′ modifies the interface of the
syringe 546, such that thesyringe 546 can only mate with and form a fluid tight seal with a fluid conduit having a corresponding medical connector 3′, shown in FIG. 8d, coupled thereto. According to the embodiment shown in FIGS. 8a through 8 d, the first medical connector 1′ includesslots 165′ for receiving radially spacedpins 160′ on the second medical connector 3′. Theouter sleeve 561 includesinternal threads 570 for receiving thepins 160′ of the corresponding connector 3′. Thecentral fluid lumen 10′ of the first medical connector portion 1′ extends longitudinally therethrough from one end to the other. Likewise, the complementary medical connector portion 3′ includes acentral fluid lumen 60′ that passes longitudinally therethrough and is adapted to receive the protrudingcentral fluid lumen 10′ of the first connector portion 1′. To couple the medical connectors, thepins 160′ are inserted into thecomplementary slots 165′ and screwed into thethreads 570, such that the firstcentral fluid lumen 10′ is inserted into the secondcentral fluid lumen 60′. The assembled medical connector, comprising the first medical connector 1′ and the second medical connector 3′ thus forms a continuous fluid path that sealingly connects thesyringe 546 and a fluid receiving device (not shown) that is connected to the second medical connector 3′. - In other designs, either or both medical connector portions can be fitted with a valve which is disposed in a normally closed position but is opened by appropriate mating with a complementary connector. A spring loaded mechanism closes the valve whenever the connector parts are disconnected, preventing fluid leaks and contamination of the lumen. The connector portions can also be configured to connect to standard medical infusion devices or catheters via essentially irreversible mechanisms so that, once connected, the safety of the device cannot be subverted by removing one half connector to restore a universal connection. An example of such an application is the preservation of one lumen of a central venous catheter exclusively for infusion of parenteral nutrition solutions. Commonly, warning labels or adhesive tape are placed over the rubber septum cap on the end of such a port, but these are easily subverted. A locked half connector from the present invention would all but eliminate this problem. Two such methods for locking the connectors are as follows. First, a modified screw-type male luer adapter with a wedge shaped enlargement incorporated into the screw threads may be substituted for an ordinary male luer adapter. A tab on the circumferential edge of a standard female luer adapter normally engages the threads in the male screw-type luer connector. When it meets the wedge in the threads of the modified adapter described here, it follows the ramped edge of the wedge, slightly deforming the threaded connector until it crosses the end of the wedge and returns to the threaded path. Because the wedge is placed so that the narrow end is contacted first during clockwise (tightening) rotation of the male luer adapter, unscrewing of the adapter once the wedge has been passed will be very difficult or impossible.
- A second method for locking the present invention to an existing female luer adapter is to dispose a coaxial collar about the adapter. The inner male screw adapter is of standard design, and an outer collar is adapted to spin about its long axis (which includes the fluid path). Teeth arranged in the space between the male luer screw portion and the outer collar allow the outer collar to turn the inner male luer screw fitting only in the clockwise direction. Counterclockwise rotation is impossible because the teeth do not engage, and therefore once the modified male luer adapter has been screwed onto the female luer adapter, unscrewing them is difficult or impossible.
- Still another modification of the connector of the invention is a family of accessory caps for covering the unmated half connectors of the basic device or its modifications as described elsewhere in this section. These caps have inner surfaces complementary to the male or female connector halves and insert over the mating surface of the connector half, preferably with a friction-fit.
- This invention is designed to be used in both routine and emergency medical care. As such, simple and rapid identification of the complementary half connectors is important. Besides inspection of the mating surfaces themselves, a variety of techniques may be utilized to ease identification of the connectors (see Section 5). The preferred implementation of this technology into medical practice would involve standardization of the various connector types to be used only for certain catheters. For example, there could be one type only used for epidural catheters, one for peripheral intravenous catheters, and another for central venous catheters.
- In certain applications, the medical connectors of the present invention may be advantageously employed with indwelling lines, i.e., central and peripheral intravenous lines, to offer selectivity relative to the fluid delivering device. For example, a syringe filled with a medicament that can be safely administered both peripherally and centrally, such as morphine, should be able to mate, via the medical connectors of the present invention, with the central and peripheral intravenous lines. In this embodiment, a pair of first housing parts having the same surface feature are coupled to both fluid receiving or indwelling pathways. The syringe (fluid delivering device) has coupled thereto a connector half that has a shape complementary to the shape of the other surface feature, thus enabling this connector and syringe to couple to both fluid pathways, and nothing else, if desired. However, a medicament that is not safely administered peripherally, such as potassium chloride, can be pre-filled in a syringe that could mate only with the connector half associated with the central line. Hence, the central intravenous line or pathway mates with both the central and peripheral compatible syringes, but the peripheral line connector only mates with the peripheral syringe. The central and peripheral lines can be manufactured with such fittings as integral parts, or as irreversibly attachable connectors when site specificity is warranted.
- The general concept embodied in this technology, in summary, is that medical connectors are made path-specific rather than universal. This general description is of a pair of connectors disposed between standard fluid delivering and receiving devices.
- It will thus be seen that the invention efficiently attains the objects set forth above, among those made apparent from the preceding description. Since certain changes may be made in the above constructions without departing from the scope of the invention, it is intended that all matter contained in the above description or shown in the accompanying drawings be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.
- It is also to be understood that the following claims are to cover all generic and specific features of the invention described herein, and all statements of the scope of the invention which, as a matter of language, might be said to fall therebetween.
Claims (12)
1. A medical connector suitable for use in coupling a fluid delivering conduit to a fluid receiving conduit for administering fluid to a patient, said medical connector comprising:
a first medical connector housing part having a first end sized to mate with a first medical fitting on one of said fluid receiving conduit and said fluid delivering conduit and a second end having a selected first surface feature formed thereon,
second medical connector housing part having a first end configured to mate with a second medical fitting on one of said fluid receiving conduit and said fluid delivering conduit, and a second end having a selected second surface feature complementary in shape to the first surface feature of the first housing part, so that when assembled the first surface feature of the first housing part couples with the second surface feature of the second housing part to form a fluid connection therebetween, and
a locking mechanism for locking together one of said medical connector housing parts and said first medical fitting, comprising a protrusion on the first end of the first medical housing parts and screw threads on said first medical fitting adapted to receive the protrusion,
wherein said first surface feature is sized and configured so as to only mate with the complementary shaped second surface feature to prevent another fluid delivering conduit associated with a differently configured surface feature from being connected to the fluid receiving conduit, thereby preventing the accidental administration of another fluid to the patient through the first and second housing parts.
2. The medical connector of claim 1 , wherein the first medical connector housing comprises:
an inner body rigidly connected to the protrusion and containing a central fluid lumen; and
an outer sleeve surrounding the inner body configured to rotate in a first direction about the inner body.
3. The medical connector of claim 2 , wherein the first medical connector housing part further includes a ratchet mechanism to prevent rotation of the outer sleeve in a second direction opposite the first direction.
4. The medical connector of claim 3 , wherein the ratchet mechanism comprises teeth on an inner surface of the outer sleeve engaging a pawl formed on an outer surface of the inner body.
5. The medical connector of claim 3 , wherein the first medical connector housing part is locked to the medical fitting by inserting the protrusion into the threads and rotating the medical connector in the second direction such that the protrusion engages the threads, thereby screwing the first medical connector housing part into the medical fitting.
6. The medical connector of claim 5 , wherein rotation of the medical connector in the first direction causes the outer sleeve to rotate about the inner body while the protrusion is maintained in an engaged position with the threads.
7. A method of administering fluid to a patient, comprising
providing a fluid receiving conduit connected to the patient and having a first medical fitting coupled to the distal end of the fluid receiving conduit, said first medical fitting including screw threads;
locking a first medical connector housing part to said first medical fitting, wherein said first medical connector housing part has a first end having a protrusion adapted to mate with the screw threads of the first medical fitting, and a second end having a selected first surface feature formed thereon,
providing a fluid delivering conduit associated with a fluid source and having a second medical fitting coupled to the distal end of the fluid delivering conduit,
attaching a second medical connector housing part to said second medical fitting, wherein said second medical connector housing part has a first end adapted to mate with the second medical fitting, a second end having a selected second surface feature complementary in shape to the first surface feature of the first housing part and a set of valves to prevent the flow of fluid through the second medical connector housing part, and
connecting said first medical connector housing part to said second medical connector housing part so that when assembled the first surface feature of the first housing part couples with the second surface feature of the second housing part to form a dedicated fluid path from the fluid source to the patient,
wherein said first surface feature is sized and configured so as to only mate with the complementary shaped second surface feature to prevent another fluid delivering conduit associated with a differently configured surface feature from being connected to the fluid receiving conduit and wherein one of the first and second medical connector housing parts includes a set of valves to prevent fluid flow through the dedicated fluid path unless the first housing part is properly mated with the second housing part, thereby preventing the accidental administration of another fluid to the patient through the first and second housing parts.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the first medical connector housing part comprises:
an inner body rigidly connected to the protrusion and containing a central fluid lumen; and
an outer sleeve surrounding the inner body configured to rotate in a first direction about the inner body.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the first medical connector housing part further includes a ratchet mechanism to prevent rotation of the outer sleeve in a second direction opposite the first direction.
10. The medical connector of claim 9 , wherein the ratchet mechanism comprises teeth on an inner surface of the outer sleeve engaging a pawl formed on an outer surface of the inner body.
11. The medical connector of claim 9 , wherein the first medical connector housing part is locked to the medical fitting by inserting the protrusion into the threads and rotating the medical connector in the second direction such that the protrusion engages the thread, thereby screwing the first medical connector housing part into the medical fitting.
12. The medical connector of claim 11 , wherein rotation of the medical connector in the first direction causes the outer sleeve to rotate about the inner body while the protrusion is maintained in an engaged position with the threads.
Priority Applications (2)
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US11/191,604 US7137654B2 (en) | 1998-06-08 | 2005-07-27 | Fastening mechanism for medical connectors |
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US09/094,433 US6402207B1 (en) | 1997-06-09 | 1998-06-08 | Safety indexed medical connectors |
US10/124,288 US6612624B1 (en) | 1998-06-08 | 2002-04-17 | Fastening mechanism for medical connectors |
US10/650,093 US20040201216A1 (en) | 1998-06-08 | 2003-08-26 | Fastening mechanism for medical connectors |
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US10/124,288 Continuation US6612624B1 (en) | 1998-06-08 | 2002-04-17 | Fastening mechanism for medical connectors |
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US11/191,604 Continuation US7137654B2 (en) | 1998-06-08 | 2005-07-27 | Fastening mechanism for medical connectors |
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US10/124,288 Expired - Lifetime US6612624B1 (en) | 1998-06-08 | 2002-04-17 | Fastening mechanism for medical connectors |
US10/650,093 Abandoned US20040201216A1 (en) | 1998-06-08 | 2003-08-26 | Fastening mechanism for medical connectors |
US11/191,604 Expired - Fee Related US7137654B2 (en) | 1998-06-08 | 2005-07-27 | Fastening mechanism for medical connectors |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2002517292A (en) | 2002-06-18 |
EP1083963A1 (en) | 2001-03-21 |
EP1083963B1 (en) | 2004-11-10 |
WO1999064103A9 (en) | 2000-03-09 |
BR9911101A (en) | 2001-03-06 |
US6402207B1 (en) | 2002-06-11 |
CA2335064A1 (en) | 1999-12-16 |
CN1311704A (en) | 2001-09-05 |
DE69921810T2 (en) | 2005-12-15 |
WO1999064103A1 (en) | 1999-12-16 |
US7137654B2 (en) | 2006-11-21 |
ES2234264T3 (en) | 2005-06-16 |
KR20010052697A (en) | 2001-06-25 |
CA2335064C (en) | 2005-06-07 |
AU4428499A (en) | 1999-12-30 |
DE69921810D1 (en) | 2004-12-16 |
US6612624B1 (en) | 2003-09-02 |
ATE281868T1 (en) | 2004-11-15 |
MXPA00012200A (en) | 2002-10-17 |
US20060087120A1 (en) | 2006-04-27 |
JP4299464B2 (en) | 2009-07-22 |
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