US2003393A - Method of forming piles - Google Patents

Description

June 4, 1935. H. E. SATRE METHOD OF FORMING FILES lizuezzlvr flaw/5M0 Flled Feb. 29, 1932 fag.

Patented June 4, 1935 UNITED STATES 2,003,393 METHOD OF FORMING PILES Hilmar E. Satre, Chicago, 111., assignor, by mesne assignments, to Spencer, White & Prentis, Incorporated, NewYork', N. Y., a corporation of Connecticut Application February 29, 1932 Serial No. 595,755

6 Claims.

This invention relates to theboring and lining or casing of holes and also to the filling of such holes with concrete or other material, and while itis particularly related to the formation of 5 caissons, it will be readily apparent that from 1 various aspects it has valuable application to the boring and/or filling of holes for other purposes.

A principalobject of the invention is the provision of an improvedprocess for mechanically boring and lining holes of considerable depth and -of large diameter,- which will effect substantial savings both in labor and in material.

Caissons such as are usually provided to extend through soft ground to a firm anchorage "below'to support great weight, such as a tall building, have been usually constructed in the past by lining'the' the-liningof the casing being constructed at each newlydug zone by workmen working in the hole itself; each section once positioned has'remained in place and as the digging progresses new sections have been constructed or erected therebe- "neath Moreover,

vious practices, the casing-sections, (i. e. the entire casing), have been left in place to provide a form for the pouring of the concrete or other filling material. Ordinarily such constructions have been constructed of wood, which manifestly adds nothing to the supporting strength of the casing, and in any event rots away in a rela-' tively short time. Accordingly, caisson holes thus "lined have of necessity been of enlarged diameter to provide holding columns of the required strength.

This invention has for one" of its important objects the provision of a process which will permit of the filling of theentire excavated hole with the concrete, to the end that a hole of minimum diameter may be dug to provide a concretecaisson column of specified final dimension.

Anotherimportant object of the invention is the-provision of a process which may be-practicedto entirely dig, case'and fillthe hole without need of the workmen descending into it. v

In connection with the preceding purposes of the invention, it may be mentioned that manual operations of the workmen'in the-holes are attended by a number of most serious dangers. One of these is from gas of poisonous, or atleast noxious character, whichis not infrequently lib-' erated in the digging of thelioles, and there is always also'the danger of thecaving-in of the earth' before the casing can be constructed at a i new zone provided by theextension of thehole.

P Another-important 'objectof theinvention is caisson holes as they are dug,

in accordance with usual prethe provision of a process which will permitof the,

production of the final caisson without leaving the casing in the hole sothat when the caisson is completed the casing used is available in undamaged condition for employment in the construction'of a succeeding caisson.

Another important object of the invention is the provision'of a process which will permit of the progressive constructionof thecasing as-the digging progresses, and without the need'of with-.

drawing the digging elements from the hole where the hole is being dug by a machine. In this connection my invention contemplatesthe employment of the machine of my pending application for United States patent, Serial N0.

517,845, filed February 24th, 1931. This machine accomplishes the digging through the active agency of a rotating combined excavating'and receiving element, which in its rotation bores'the hole, taking up the materialfor subsequent dis-a charge above the ground level. An auger shaft extends through the excavating and receiving element and periodically the'element isslid up the shaft to a discharge-position; The shaft remains in the ground as a fixed guide and my invention has for one of its purposes the provision I of a process for lining or casing the hole without requiring the removal of the shaft from its uperative position.

Numerous other objects and advantages "o'f theiigo invention will be apparent as itis better understood from the following description, which, when taken in connection with the accompanying drawing, illustrates typically a preferred practice of the invention. r 7

Referring to the drawing,

Figure l'is a schematicsectionshowing portions' of a boring machine in operative position and thehole lined or cased close tothe planeor zone of digging;

Fig. 2 is a similar partial view showingthe withdrawing of the excavating element and continuation of the lining of the hole;

Fig. 3 is a view similar to Fig. 2, illustrating the steps in the process of filling the hole;

Fig. 4 is a transverse 'ing the withdrawal or retraction of the side outters of the excavating element;

Fig. 5 is a perspective view of easing sections; and

Fig. 6 is a similar'view of the lower or leader casing section adapted who employed in the practice of the present invention.

Figs. 1, 2 and 4 of the drawing illustrate'the one of the upper sectional view illustrat standing of the present invention. Generally the machine comprises a vertical shaft H with a .leader or pilot bit I2 at its lower end to extend down beneath the floor of the hole as it is dug and to guide and advance the shaft as may be required. A combined excavating and receiving element or bucket, generally indicated at I3, is arranged upon this shaft in splined connection I4 with it so that rotation of the shaft causes rotation of the excavating element. The excavating element is provided with cutters 15 which cut the floor of the hole and scoop the material dug up into the bucket where it is progressively received until a full charge is accumulated. The excavating and receiving element I3 is adapted to slide lengthwise of the shaft and to be pulled up to a position above the ground by cables 16 suitably trained over hoisting elements (not shown) to lift the excavating element for discharge of the dirt through a discharge door l1.

vSide cutters l8 are arranged at the lower end of the excavating element and these are pivoted at I9 tobe swung out into the cutting position (shown in Fig. 1 and in dotted lines in Fig. 4) when the bucket turns in a counterclockwise direction (viewing the last mentioned figure). When, however, the excavating element is rotated slightly in the opposite direction, the side cutters are retracted to the full line position shown in Fig. 4 in order that the element with its charge of dirt may move up through the casing.

As the digging progresses the hole is cased or lined in accordance with my invention by first inserting a leader casing section at the top, and thereafter superimposing successive casing sections, moving the preceding section or sections downwardly through the hole so that the leader section is always disposed close to the floor of the hole. The leader section is, or may be, constructed of a continuous circular shell 2 I,

top at 22 to provide a shouldered recess 23, in

which a lower edge of the next succeeding section may rest. The leader section 2| is provided with clamps 24 at opposite sides, in which are fastened the lower ends of cables 25. These cables extend up to above the ground surface and serve to support the casing during the digging, and for other purposes which will be later more fully explained. The leader section is placed about the intended center of the hole before the digging is begun and follows the floor of the hole on down until the hole is completely dug.

Each of the upper casing sections (indicated by reference character 26 and typically illustrated in Fig. 5) consists of two parts adapted to be separated or secured together by hooks 21. Thus constructed each upper casing section may be wrapped about, or caused to encircle the shaft H without removing the shaft from the ground or disconnecting it from its power mechanism. Each upper section 26 may be positioned by merely separating the sections at one or both sides, bringing the sections then to the desired position and rehooking them so that the lower edge 28 may rest upon the subposed section. Each upper section 26 is offset at the top at 29 to provide a shouldered recess 3|, similar to the shouldered recess 23 of the leader section 2|. Thus arranged each section above the section 2| rests at its bottom edge upon the shouldered recess 23 so that the entire casing is supported by the cables 25.

In the digging of the hole it is desirablethat V with concrete or other material.

substance to prevent offset near its.

the casing be always disposed as closely as possible to the floor of the hole, and in Fig. 1 it is shown as arranged just above the side cutters l8. When the cutters are retracted, preliminarily to the raising of the excavating element to deposit a charge of earth, the casing may be moved down into contact with the floor as shown in Fig. 2.

My invention contemplates the removal of the casing as an incident to the filling of the hole This is accomplished by the progressive upward lifting of the casing and the successive removal of its sections as concrete is poured in to provide the caisson body. The concrete has sufficient strength and cave-in of the side walls of the hole, and preferably the removal of the sections'is accomplished in such manner as to maintain the bottom of the casing at all times filled with concrete. This is, however, merely preferred and is not necessary, particularly in certain types of soil. A charge of concrete is poured through the easing into the hole, the casing raised correspondingly as the depth of concrete body increases. The removing of the casing is accomplished while the concrete is soft and the concrete flows out beneath the lower casing edge into firm engagement with the side walls. As the lifting of the casing disposes successive sections-at above the ground line they are independently removed and the process continued. I It is thought that the invention and many of its attendant advantages will be understood from the foregoing description and it will be apparent that various changes may be made in the steps and their order of accomplishment of the process described without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention or sacrificing all of its material advantages, the process hereinbefore described being merely a preferred embodiment thereof.

I claim:

1. The process of boring holes in the ground and lining the same, which comprises digging the hole and inserting casing sections in the hole as the hole is deepened in superposed unattached relation and with the insertion of each section lowering previouslyinserted sections, and controlling from above the ground the downward movement of said sections by operation upon the lowermost only of mid sections.

2. The process of boring and filling a hole, which comprises excavating the hole, lining the same by successively superposing unattached sections of casing and moving previously added sections downwardly as the hole is deepened. filling the hole through the lining, and lifting the casing by force applied from below as the hole is filled.

3. The process of forming a caisson hole in the ground which comprises progressively cutting the earth with a hollow rotary auger, divert ing the loosened earth into the auger, withdrawing the cutting elements into the body of the auger to reduce its effective diameter, periodically lifting the auger to discharge its load of earth, guiding the auger in line with the axis of the hole both during its descent and ascent, and progressively lowering a lining into the hole about the space occupied by the auger.

4. The process of forming a caisson which comprises progressively cutting the earth with a hollow rotary auger, diverting the loosened earth into the auger, withdrawing the cutting elements towards the center of the auger to reduce its effective diameter, periodically lifting the auger to discharge its load of earth, guiding the auger in line with the axis of the hole both during its descent and ascent, progressively lowering a lining into the hole about the space occupied by the auger, thereafter removing the auger and guiding device and pouring concrete into the lining, and progressively removing the lining upwardly by force applied from below as the concrete settles into the hole below the casing.

5. The method of forming piling and the like, which comprises progressively forming a hole in the earth, maintaining a cutting shaft in said hole, inserting a primary supporting casing in said hole, progressively lowering said primary supporting casing so as to maintain the same in position adjacent the lower portion of said hole, attaching split secondary casings about said shaft without removing the latter from said hole, positioning said secondary casings in unattached superimposed and supported relation with respect to said primary supporting casing, withdrawing said cutting shaft from said hole, pouring a plastic pile forming material into said hole and within said casings, withdrawing said prmary supporting casing from said hole progressively with the filling of the latter with said material,

whereby to remove all of said casings from said hole, and separating said casings when emerging from said hole.

6. The method of forming piling and thelike, which comprises progressively cutting a hole in the earth, maintaining a cutting shaft in said hole, inserting a primary supporting casing in said hole, controlling the position of said primary casing from the outside portion thereof and iromthe top of said hole, whereby to maintain said primary casing in position adjacent the lower portion of said hole, attaching split secondary casings about said shaft without removing the latter from said hole, positioning said secondary casings in unattached superimposed and supported relation with respect to said primary supporting casing, withdrawing said cutting shaft from said hole when the hole is complete, pouring a plastic pile forming medium in said hole and within. said casing, withdrawing said primary casing from said hole progressively with the filling of the latter with said material whereby to remove all of said casings from said hole, and separating said casings when emerging from said hole.

HILMAR E. SATRE.

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