US20030151254A1 - Torus type connector - Google Patents
Torus type connector Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20030151254A1 US20030151254A1 US10/071,190 US7119002A US2003151254A1 US 20030151254 A1 US20030151254 A1 US 20030151254A1 US 7119002 A US7119002 A US 7119002A US 2003151254 A1 US2003151254 A1 US 2003151254A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- locking
- torus
- connector body
- drive ring
- pressure vessel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 230000036316 preload Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
- 241000282472 Canis lupus familiaris Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000012489 doughnuts Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
- E21B33/02—Surface sealing or packing
- E21B33/03—Well heads; Setting-up thereof
- E21B33/035—Well heads; Setting-up thereof specially adapted for underwater installations
- E21B33/038—Connectors used on well heads, e.g. for connecting blow-out preventer and riser
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L37/00—Couplings of the quick-acting type
- F16L37/002—Couplings of the quick-acting type which can be controlled at a distance
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S285/00—Pipe joints or couplings
- Y10S285/92—Remotely controlled
Definitions
- the field of this invention is that of remotely actuated connectors for connecting pressure vessels together. Most typically, the connection is made between the wellhead housings of oil or gas wells on the ocean floor and a blowout preventer stack. The connection is also frequently used between portions of the blowout preventer stack.
- the connectors typically have shoulders on each of the pressure vessels and interconnecting sections or dogs which engage the shoulders. The sections or dogs are driven into engagement by tapered surfaces approaching them.
- These connectors can be seen in patents such as Haeber U.S. Pat. No. 3,222,088, Ahistone U.S. Pat. No. 3,096,999, Herring U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,492,027, and 3,554,579. These connectors have the characteristic of a tendency to release due to the 4 degree angle of engagement. Literally these connectors frequently have an additional connector means to keep them connected. In some cases they lock the hydraulic fluid in the operating cylinders to keep them locked.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,516,795 Baugh addressed these problems by utilizing a torus ring to actuate the segments, such that the torus ring balanced the forces or even went slightly over center to prevent the tendency to release.
- a torus is basically a donut shape, with a portion of a torus being any section around the donut. While solving a first problem, the inter-relationship of the torus ring and the conical surfaces of the pressure vessels causes some high contact stress locations which were not desirable. Additionally, when the opposing surfaces of the torus were slipped in relationship to one another, the fit of the parts caused other high contact stress areas.
- the object of this invention is to provide a connector which provides the predictable preload and lack of release tendency associated with the Baugh 4,516,795 connector, but minimizes the tendency for high stress contact areas associated with the mating torus surfaces between the actuating torus and the locking segments.
- a second object of the present invention is to provide a second torus profile for facilitating movement and stress reduction between the locking segment and the locking shoulders on one of the two pressure vessels.
- a third object of the present invention is to provide a known orientation between the locking segments during the locking movement such that any wear which occurs will be in the same area and the remaining areas will not be subjected to dimension altering wear movements.
- Another object of the present invention is
- FIG. 1 is a quarter section of the connector in the unlocked position.
- FIG. 2 is a quarter section of the connector in a partially locked position.
- FIG. 3 is a quarter section of the connector in the locked position.
- FIG. 4 is a cross section of the connector.
- FIG. 5 is an overlay of a portion of the locking segment being closed showing various positions as defined by being engaged with the actuating torus and contacting the lower, outer corner of the housing hub. A locus of points is shown illustrating the position of the surface to mate with first connector hub.
- FIG. 6 is an expanded view of the locus of points from FIG. 5 showing that the departure angle of the locking segment with relationship with the first connector hub is approximately 17.1° in this embodiment.
- a connector 1 having a body 2 with an upper hub profile 3 , and a seal area 4 for interconnection to a subsea blowout preventer stack.
- the connector body 2 has a first connector hub 10 , a second connector hub 11 , an orientation pin 12 , a seal surface 13 and a seal ring 14 .
- Bolts 20 connect cylinder 21 to the upper flange portion 22 of body 2 and bolts 23 connect lower plate 24 to the lower end of cylinder 21 .
- Inner piston 30 and outer piston 31 are moved in response to flow in ports 32 and 33 to lock or unlock the connector 1 respectively.
- Actuating torus 40 engages the inner profile of the inner piston 30 via a thread 41 and tapered sections 42 and 43 .
- the actuating torus 40 is split and when the tab 44 is removed the actuating torus 40 can be rotated along thread 41 and tapered sections 42 and 43 to change the torus internal diameter and thereby to adjust the preload of the connector.
- the wellhead housing 50 has a housing hub 51 , a seal area 52 as are well understood in the industry.
- the surface 53 which is to be engaged by surface 60 of locking segment 61 is an industry standard conical surface.
- Locking segment 61 has an outer toroidal surface 62 for engaging the actuating torus 40 .
- the locking segment 61 also has toroidal surfaces at 63 and 64 , which will be discussed later.
- Torus center 71 is shown which is the geometric center of the torus profile 62 .
- the portion of the locking segment below the torus center 71 was moving toward the housing centerline 72 and the portion of the locking segment above the torus center 71 was moving away from the housing centerline 72 .
- Line 75 extends from the surface 76 at approximately 17 . 1 degrees with respect to the housing centerline 72 .
- the rationale for the 17 . 1 degrees will be discussed later.
- the intersection of line 75 and the line 77 from the center 71 intersect at 78 .
- the locking segment approximately rotates about the point at 78 .
- the surfaces at 76 and 80 be concentric torus surfaces about the circular centerline which is implied by the point 78 in this figure.
- the locking segments 61 are shown with the contact with the actuating torus 40 only existing near the centerline of the locking segment 61 .
- the purpose of this is that the wider the locking segment, the more mismatch will occur when the locking segment is rolled out of the position of original orientation. As one might imagine, if the locking segment 61 were infinitely thin, it would be able to move always around a mating torus and stay in full contact all the time. The wider the torus, the more the surfaces will mismatch as the locking segment moves around the torus.
- a preferred way to machine these clearances 90 on the sides of the locking segments 61 is to first machine the torus section on a lathe, and then put the cut locking segments in a fixture at a smaller diameter than the original diameter and the partially remachining the back profiles. This will provide a clearance profile which has a similar contour to the original profile. This reduction in the contact area on the back side of the locking segments will not cause high stress conditions as the remaining surface areas are still much larger than the projected areas of the hubs the locking segment is engaging.
- FIG. 5 the profile of the housing hub 51 is shown, with point 100 indicating the outer corner of engagement with the locking segment.
- Line 101 indicates the position of locking segment 61 when it is fully engaged and line 102 indicates the position of locking segment 61 when it is rotated 5 degrees out of position.
- Lines indicated at 103 give a variety of positions in between.
- Line 104 indicates the inner tangent to the torus section, such that the locking segment is kept tangent to this line in all positions.
- At 105 is a locus of points on the torus surface 76 of the locking segment, assuming the contact is maintained with the clamp hub 51 and the line 104 .
- Point 110 is the position of a point when the connector is fully locked.
- Point 111 is the position of the same point when the connector is unlocked 5 degrees.
- Points 112 indicate various points in between.
- the line 113 indicates that the curve 114 connecting the various points has a starting tangent at approximately 17.1 degrees. This means that the surface at 76 is sliding at the angle of approximately 17.1 degrees when the maximum preload is being exerted. This was the reason that the angle of 17.1 degrees was used in the layout of FIG. 3 to determine the centerline point of the optimal torus profile for the connector.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Quick-Acting Or Multi-Walled Pipe Joints (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- The field of this invention is that of remotely actuated connectors for connecting pressure vessels together. Most typically, the connection is made between the wellhead housings of oil or gas wells on the ocean floor and a blowout preventer stack. The connection is also frequently used between portions of the blowout preventer stack.
- The connectors typically have shoulders on each of the pressure vessels and interconnecting sections or dogs which engage the shoulders. The sections or dogs are driven into engagement by tapered surfaces approaching them. These connectors can be seen in patents such as Haeber U.S. Pat. No. 3,222,088, Ahistone U.S. Pat. No. 3,096,999, Herring U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,492,027, and 3,554,579. These connectors have the characteristic of a tendency to release due to the 4 degree angle of engagement. Literally these connectors frequently have an additional connector means to keep them connected. In some cases they lock the hydraulic fluid in the operating cylinders to keep them locked.
- An additional problem with the connectors is that a high make-up preload is desired, but the coefficient of friction can vary between 0.1 and 0.2. The angle of 0.1 coefficient of friction is 5.7 degrees and the angle of 0.2 coefficient of friction is 11.3 degrees. The preload of the connector is a function of the pressure times the sum of the connector angle plus the coefficient of friction angle. This sum is 4°+5.7°=9.7° in one case and 4°+11.30 =15.3° in the other case. This is a 15.3°/9.70 =57% variation in preload. Contemporary connectors are seeking a 7,000,000 lb. preload, so a 57% change in preload is considerable.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,516,795 Baugh addressed these problems by utilizing a torus ring to actuate the segments, such that the torus ring balanced the forces or even went slightly over center to prevent the tendency to release. A torus is basically a donut shape, with a portion of a torus being any section around the donut. While solving a first problem, the inter-relationship of the torus ring and the conical surfaces of the pressure vessels causes some high contact stress locations which were not desirable. Additionally, when the opposing surfaces of the torus were slipped in relationship to one another, the fit of the parts caused other high contact stress areas.
- The Baugh U.S. Pat. No. 4,516,795 connector attempted to control the variation of preload by having a fixed torus diameter, which was not affected by friction angles. A problem associated with this was that the high stress areas would tend to cause wear and require readjustment on the diameter to maintain the predicted preload.
- The inter-relationship of the torus profile and the locking of the connector was functionally to “roll” the locking segment into position over conical clamp hubs. The “rolling” onto conical clamp hubs inherently caused high stress areas and wear.
- The object of this invention is to provide a connector which provides the predictable preload and lack of release tendency associated with the Baugh 4,516,795 connector, but minimizes the tendency for high stress contact areas associated with the mating torus surfaces between the actuating torus and the locking segments.
- A second object of the present invention is to provide a second torus profile for facilitating movement and stress reduction between the locking segment and the locking shoulders on one of the two pressure vessels.
- A third object of the present invention is to provide a known orientation between the locking segments during the locking movement such that any wear which occurs will be in the same area and the remaining areas will not be subjected to dimension altering wear movements.
- Another object of the present invention is
- FIG. 1 is a quarter section of the connector in the unlocked position.
- FIG. 2 is a quarter section of the connector in a partially locked position.
- FIG. 3 is a quarter section of the connector in the locked position.
- FIG. 4 is a cross section of the connector.
- FIG. 5 is an overlay of a portion of the locking segment being closed showing various positions as defined by being engaged with the actuating torus and contacting the lower, outer corner of the housing hub. A locus of points is shown illustrating the position of the surface to mate with first connector hub.
- FIG. 6 is an expanded view of the locus of points from FIG. 5 showing that the departure angle of the locking segment with relationship with the first connector hub is approximately 17.1° in this embodiment.
- Illustrative embodiments of the invention are described below. In the interest of clarity, not all features of an actual implementation are described in this specification. It will of course be appreciated that in the development of any such actual embodiment, numerous implementation-specific decisions must be made to achieve the developers specific goals, such as compliance with system-related and business-related constraints, which will vary from one implementation to another. Moreover, it will be appreciated that such a development effort, even if complex and time-consuming, would be a routine undertaking for those of ordinary skill in the art having the benefit of this disclosure.
- Referring now to FIG. 1, a connector1 is shown having a body 2 with an upper hub profile 3, and a
seal area 4 for interconnection to a subsea blowout preventer stack. At the lower end the connector body 2 has a first connector hub 10, a second connector hub 11, anorientation pin 12, a seal surface 13 and aseal ring 14. - Bolts20 connect
cylinder 21 to the upper flange portion 22 of body 2 and bolts 23 connectlower plate 24 to the lower end ofcylinder 21. -
Inner piston 30 andouter piston 31 are moved in response to flow in ports 32 and 33 to lock or unlock the connector 1 respectively. Actuatingtorus 40 engages the inner profile of theinner piston 30 via a thread 41 and tapered sections 42 and 43. The actuatingtorus 40 is split and when the tab 44 is removed the actuatingtorus 40 can be rotated along thread 41 and tapered sections 42 and 43 to change the torus internal diameter and thereby to adjust the preload of the connector. - The
wellhead housing 50 has ahousing hub 51, a seal area 52 as are well understood in the industry. The surface 53 which is to be engaged by surface 60 oflocking segment 61 is an industry standard conical surface. -
Locking segment 61 has an outertoroidal surface 62 for engaging the actuatingtorus 40. Thelocking segment 61 also has toroidal surfaces at 63 and 64, which will be discussed later. - Referring now to FIG. 2, the
inner piston 30 andouter piston 31 are moved down with the actuatingtorus 40 rocking thelocking segment 61 onto thehubs 51, 10, and 11. - Referring now to FIG. 3, the
inner piston 30 andouter piston 31 have moved fully down such that the actuatingtorus 40 contacts thelower plate 24 at 70, such that the connector is fully locked. Toruscenter 71 is shown which is the geometric center of thetorus profile 62. As the actuating torus moved down to the present position, the portion of the locking segment below thetorus center 71 was moving toward thehousing centerline 72 and the portion of the locking segment above thetorus center 71 was moving away from thehousing centerline 72. -
Line 75 extends from thesurface 76 at approximately 17.1 degrees with respect to thehousing centerline 72. The rationale for the 17.1 degrees will be discussed later. The intersection ofline 75 and theline 77 from thecenter 71 intersect at 78. As will be discussed later, the locking segment approximately rotates about the point at 78. As the lockingsegment 61 is approximately rotating aboutpoint 78 when at the highest loaded condition as seen in FIG. 3, it is appropriate that the surfaces at 76 and 80 be concentric torus surfaces about the circular centerline which is implied by thepoint 78 in this figure. By making these surfaces torus surfaces about the centerline of movement, the wear causing mismatch is minimized to the greatest extent possible. - To some degree, as the surfaces are rotated, some mismatch cannot be avoided and some question will always arise as to how much wear this will actually cause. In some cases the wear will be at the edges of the segment, and in some cases the wear will be at the centerline of the segments. The propose of the
orientation pin 12 and thematching slot 81 are to keep the lockingsegments 61 in the same orientation at all times. This will cause the wear to be restricted always to the same area (i.e. at the edges of the locking segment) and will allow the other areas to remain unworn. When the connector is fully locked, unworn contact areas will be engaged giving a known fit and preload characteristic. - Referring now to FIG. 4, the locking
segments 61 are shown with the contact with the actuatingtorus 40 only existing near the centerline of the lockingsegment 61. The purpose of this is that the wider the locking segment, the more mismatch will occur when the locking segment is rolled out of the position of original orientation. As one might imagine, if the lockingsegment 61 were infinitely thin, it would be able to move always around a mating torus and stay in full contact all the time. The wider the torus, the more the surfaces will mismatch as the locking segment moves around the torus. Due to the relatively complex torus profile on the back of the locking segments, a preferred way to machine theseclearances 90 on the sides of the lockingsegments 61 is to first machine the torus section on a lathe, and then put the cut locking segments in a fixture at a smaller diameter than the original diameter and the partially remachining the back profiles. This will provide a clearance profile which has a similar contour to the original profile. This reduction in the contact area on the back side of the locking segments will not cause high stress conditions as the remaining surface areas are still much larger than the projected areas of the hubs the locking segment is engaging. - Referring now to FIG. 5, the profile of the
housing hub 51 is shown, withpoint 100 indicating the outer corner of engagement with the locking segment.Line 101 indicates the position of lockingsegment 61 when it is fully engaged andline 102 indicates the position of lockingsegment 61 when it is rotated 5 degrees out of position. Lines indicated at 103 give a variety of positions in between.Line 104 indicates the inner tangent to the torus section, such that the locking segment is kept tangent to this line in all positions. At 105 is a locus of points on thetorus surface 76 of the locking segment, assuming the contact is maintained with theclamp hub 51 and theline 104. - Referring now to FIG. 6, an enlarged view of the locus of points at105 is shown.
Point 110 is the position of a point when the connector is fully locked.Point 111 is the position of the same point when the connector is unlocked 5 degrees.Points 112 indicate various points in between. Theline 113 indicates that thecurve 114 connecting the various points has a starting tangent at approximately 17.1 degrees. This means that the surface at 76 is sliding at the angle of approximately 17.1 degrees when the maximum preload is being exerted. This was the reason that the angle of 17.1 degrees was used in the layout of FIG. 3 to determine the centerline point of the optimal torus profile for the connector. - The particular embodiments disclosed above are illustrative only, as the invention may be modified and practiced in different but equivalent manners apparent to those skilled in the art having the benefit of the teachings herein. Furthermore, no limitations are intended to the details of construction or design herein shown, other than as described in the claims below. It is therefore evident that the particular embodiments disclosed above may be altered or modified and all such variations are considered within the scope and spirit of the invention. Accordingly, the protection sought herein is as set forth in the claims below.
Claims (20)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US10/071,190 US6609734B1 (en) | 2002-02-11 | 2002-02-11 | Torus type connector |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/071,190 US6609734B1 (en) | 2002-02-11 | 2002-02-11 | Torus type connector |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US20030151254A1 true US20030151254A1 (en) | 2003-08-14 |
US6609734B1 US6609734B1 (en) | 2003-08-26 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US10/071,190 Expired - Lifetime US6609734B1 (en) | 2002-02-11 | 2002-02-11 | Torus type connector |
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US (1) | US6609734B1 (en) |
Cited By (11)
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US20120096700A1 (en) * | 2009-03-27 | 2012-04-26 | Claxton Engineering Services Limited | Tubular connector |
WO2013097966A3 (en) * | 2011-12-27 | 2013-12-12 | Fmc Kongsberg Subsea As | A subsea connector |
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WO2013152187A3 (en) * | 2012-04-05 | 2014-05-22 | National Oilwell Varco, L.P. | Wellsite connector with piston driven collets and method of using same |
US9068423B2 (en) | 2012-02-03 | 2015-06-30 | National Oilwell Varco, L.P. | Wellhead connector and method of using same |
US9074450B2 (en) | 2012-02-03 | 2015-07-07 | National Oilwell Varco, L.P. | Blowout preventer and method of using same |
US9689211B2 (en) | 2011-12-30 | 2017-06-27 | National Oilwell Varco Uk Limited | Connector device for use in wireline intervention operations |
WO2017147667A1 (en) | 2016-03-02 | 2017-09-08 | Fmc Technologies Do Brasil Ltda | Hydraulic wellhead connector |
US9816326B2 (en) | 2012-04-04 | 2017-11-14 | National Oilwell Varco, L.P. | Misalignment-tolerant wellsite connection assembly, system, and method |
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MXPA06005932A (en) * | 2001-10-25 | 2007-05-07 | Pleux Ocean Systems Ltd | Clamping well casings. |
US6824171B2 (en) * | 2002-08-23 | 2004-11-30 | Dril-Quip, Inc. | Riser connector |
US20050001427A1 (en) * | 2003-05-20 | 2005-01-06 | Fmc Technologies, Inc. | Low profile connector |
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US3554579A (en) | 1969-06-27 | 1971-01-12 | North American Rockwell | Flowline connector |
US4516795A (en) | 1982-01-28 | 1985-05-14 | Baugh Benton F | Torus type connector |
-
2002
- 2002-02-11 US US10/071,190 patent/US6609734B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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US10161229B2 (en) | 2011-12-27 | 2018-12-25 | Fmc Kongsberg Subsea As | Subsea connector |
WO2013097966A3 (en) * | 2011-12-27 | 2013-12-12 | Fmc Kongsberg Subsea As | A subsea connector |
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US9068423B2 (en) | 2012-02-03 | 2015-06-30 | National Oilwell Varco, L.P. | Wellhead connector and method of using same |
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US9169710B2 (en) | 2012-04-05 | 2015-10-27 | National Oilwell Varco, L.P. | Wellsite connector with piston driven collets and method of using same |
WO2013152187A3 (en) * | 2012-04-05 | 2014-05-22 | National Oilwell Varco, L.P. | Wellsite connector with piston driven collets and method of using same |
EP2834447B1 (en) * | 2012-04-05 | 2019-12-11 | National Oilwell Varco, L.P. | Wellsite connector with piston driven collets and method of using same |
WO2017147667A1 (en) | 2016-03-02 | 2017-09-08 | Fmc Technologies Do Brasil Ltda | Hydraulic wellhead connector |
US10767434B2 (en) | 2016-03-02 | 2020-09-08 | Fmc Technologies Do Brasil Ltda | Hydraulic wellhead connector |
WO2018191803A1 (en) | 2017-04-18 | 2018-10-25 | Fmc Technologies Do Brasil Ltda | Hydraulic connector and method for achieving a hydraulic conection |
US10975652B2 (en) | 2017-04-18 | 2021-04-13 | Fmc Technologies Do Brasil Ltda | Hydraulic connector and process for performing hydraulic connection |
WO2021091554A1 (en) * | 2019-11-06 | 2021-05-14 | Fmc Technologies, Inc. | Wellhead connecting assembly |
US11959351B2 (en) | 2019-11-06 | 2024-04-16 | Fmc Technologies, Inc. | Wellhead connecting assembly |
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