US20030116128A1 - Method of regulating and controlling an internal combustion engine - Google Patents
Method of regulating and controlling an internal combustion engine Download PDFInfo
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- US20030116128A1 US20030116128A1 US10/026,267 US2626701A US2003116128A1 US 20030116128 A1 US20030116128 A1 US 20030116128A1 US 2626701 A US2626701 A US 2626701A US 2003116128 A1 US2003116128 A1 US 2003116128A1
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- power
- graph
- engine
- rotation speed
- regulating
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
- B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
- B60W10/06—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
- B60K6/46—Series type
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/24—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means
- F02D41/2406—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means using essentially read only memories
- F02D41/2409—Addressing techniques specially adapted therefor
- F02D41/2422—Selective use of one or more tables
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
- F02D41/3005—Details not otherwise provided for
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D2250/00—Engine control related to specific problems or objectives
- F02D2250/18—Control of the engine output torque
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of regulating and controlling an internal combustion engine forming part of a hybrid power unit of a self-propelled vehicle.
- the method according to the present invention can only be applied to a hybrid power unit, which, as will be seen, provides for separating control of optimum engine conditions from the actual traction power required.
- vehicle speed may vary independently of engine speed, which may therefore be selected to suit a given vehicle speed, which at best should provide for reducing specific fuel consumption (SFC), pollutant emissions, noise level, and engine wear, while at the same time preserving the elasticity and control response of the engine.
- SFC specific fuel consumption
- pollutant emissions pollutant emissions
- noise level noise level
- engine wear while at the same time preserving the elasticity and control response of the engine.
- a method of regulating and controlling an internal combustion engine connected to a hybrid power unit of a self-propelled vehicle employing a first graph showing the power transmitted by the engine as a function of the rotation speed of a drive shaft, and for different injector openings of a power-regulating injection device; and a second graph showing the torque transmitted by the drive shaft as a function of the rotation speed of the drive shaft, and for different injector openings of the power-regulating injection device.
- FIG. 1 shows a self-propelled vehicle power unit for implementing the method according to the present invention
- FIG. 2 shows a graph employed in the method according to the invention and showing power transmission as a function of the rotation speed of the output shaft of an internal combustion engine forming part of the FIG. 1 power unit;
- FIG. 3 shows a graph employed in the method according to the invention in conjunction with the FIG. 2 graph, and showing torque transmission as a function of the rotation speed of the output shaft of an internal combustion engine forming part of the FIG. 1 power unit.
- Number 1 in FIG. 1 indicates as a whole a hybrid power unit for implementing the method according to the present invention.
- Unit 1 in FIG. 1 is a series hybrid unit, but the teachings of the present invention may also be applied to advantage to any hybrid unit, in particular a parallel hybrid unit (not shown).
- Unit 1 comprises an internal combustion engine 2 , in particular a diesel engine, which, by means of a drive shaft 3 , drives a generator 4 connected electrically to a charge device 5 for charging an electric energy storage device 6 .
- Charge device 5 and storage device 6 are connected electrically to a device 7 for controlling an electric motor 8 powering an axle 9 of a vehicle (not shown).
- Fuel injection into internal combustion engine 2 is controlled by an injection device 10 comprising an injection pump 11 , controlled by an actuating cylinder 12 via a lever mechanism 13 , and an electronic board 14 for controlling the commands from an electronic central control unit 15 .
- the desired vehicle speed is entered by means of a pedal 16 , or a hand lever 17 connected electrically in parallel with pedal 16 ; and an electric line 18 connects pedal 16 and hand lever 17 to central control unit 15 .
- the operator when selecting a given tilt angle ⁇ of pedal 16 or lever 17 (angle ⁇ in this case not shown) in actual fact merely selects the traveling speed of the vehicle; and the electric signal generated by the operator at pedal 16 or lever 17 is transmitted to central control unit 15 for processing to determine the state of device 10 .
- FIG. 1 also shows how central control unit 15 controls device 10 using the method according to the present invention, which is described in detail below with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3.
- FIG. 2 shows a graph employed in the method according to the present invention, and which shows the variation in power P transmitted to output shaft 3 of engine 2 as a function of the rotation speed ⁇ a of shaft 3 , and a number of curves as a function of the injector opening of device 10 , i.e. of injection pump 11 .
- injector opening is intended to mean the injector opening directly proportional to the quantity of fuel injected into engine 2 .
- FIG. 2 shows sixteen curves corresponding to injector openings ranging between 100% and 10%.
- FIG. 2 shows sixteen injector opening curves q ranging from a curve q 0 showing the operation of engine 2 with a 100% injector opening, i.e. with pump 11 fully open to inject the maximum amount of fuel into engine 2 , to a curve q 1 showing operation of engine 2 with a 10% injector opening of pump 11 .
- FIG. 2 also shows a curve q 0 ′ representing the envelope of the various opening curves q according to the maximum-opening curve q 0 .
- FIG. 3 shows a graph employed in the method according to the present invention together with the FIG. 2 graph, and which shows the variation in torque C transmitted by engine 2 to drive shaft 3 as a function of the rotation speed ⁇ a of shaft 3 , and sixteen curves Q corresponding to injector openings ranging between 100% and 10%.
- curves Q include a maximum, i.e. 100%, opening curve Q 0 ; a 10% opening curve Q 1 ; and a curve Q 0 ′ representing the envelope of the various opening curves Q according to curve Q 0 .
- FIGS. 2 and 3 graphs are supplied by the maker of engine 2 and therefore normally vary from one engine to another.
- the FIGS. 2 and 3 graphs relate to a given engine 2 with given construction characteristics, which, in this purely illustrative context, need not be dealt with in detail.
- the method according to the present invention employs:
- FIG. 2 a first graph showing the power P transmitted by engine 2 (FIG. 1) as a function of the rotation speed ⁇ a of drive shaft 3 , and for different injector openings of injection device 10 regulating power P;
- FIG. 3 a second graph showing the torque C transmitted by drive shaft 3 as a function of the rotation speed ⁇ a of drive shaft 3 , and for different injector openings of power-regulating injection device 10 ;
- central control unit 15 can be calibrated accurately with no need for simulating engine 2 under load. Obviously, starting from the maximum idling speed on curve Q 2 , as load is applied to engine 2 , rotation speed ⁇ a decreases according to curve Q 2 until the maximum torque value C 1 is reached, thus achieving a minimum rotation speed ⁇ a of shaft 3 and optimum operation of engine 2 .
- the method according to the present invention may be said to substantially calibrate the opening of injection pump 12 , so that, for a given power, the most favourable torque for the corresponding rotation speed of shaft 3 is achieved at all times to minimize consumption, noise level, etc.
Abstract
Description
- The present invention relates to a method of regulating and controlling an internal combustion engine forming part of a hybrid power unit of a self-propelled vehicle.
- Known methods of controlling an internal combustion engine, in particular a diesel engine, are based on thousands of work points obtained from engine work graphs showing, for example, power and torque as a function of the rotation speed of the drive shaft. Since little ready-made data is normally available, constructing reliable maps for a given engine is an enormous job in terms of data acquisition and, obviously, in terms of time and work, and seriously complicates the electronic central control unit regulating the actuator governing the diesel engine injection pump.
- It is an object of the present invention to provide a feasible, approximate solution to the problem of regulating the injection of a diesel engine to ensure low consumption, low emission of harmful gases, a low noise level, and a long working life of the engine.
- The method according to the present invention can only be applied to a hybrid power unit, which, as will be seen, provides for separating control of optimum engine conditions from the actual traction power required.
- Since the engine-wheel gear ratio is variable continuously, vehicle speed may vary independently of engine speed, which may therefore be selected to suit a given vehicle speed, which at best should provide for reducing specific fuel consumption (SFC), pollutant emissions, noise level, and engine wear, while at the same time preserving the elasticity and control response of the engine.
- For a given traction power, current regulating methods fail to provide for transmitting the power of the engine under maximum-torque conditions. Since specific fuel consumption of an engine is minimum under maximum torque conditions, and since the noise level also increases alongside engine speed, the engine, for a given traction power, should be operated at minimum speed while at the same time providing the mean traction power required by the terrain. For this to be done, the operating point of the engine must be located on the maximum-torque curve, which means determining the injection pump setting enabling the engine to supply the necessary instantaneous power in the best conditions referred to above.
- According to the present invention, there is therefore provided a method of regulating and controlling an internal combustion engine connected to a hybrid power unit of a self-propelled vehicle, the method employing a first graph showing the power transmitted by the engine as a function of the rotation speed of a drive shaft, and for different injector openings of a power-regulating injection device; and a second graph showing the torque transmitted by the drive shaft as a function of the rotation speed of the drive shaft, and for different injector openings of the power-regulating injection device.
- It is another object of this invention to provide a method of regulating and controlling an internal combustion engine by dividing the y-axis of a first graph arbitrarily into a number of ranges advantageously, though not necessarily, of the same size; inserting on the y-axis of the first graph the power value required to operate the self-propelled vehicle, so as to single out one of the ranges; locating on the first graph the maximum power value in the range singled out; determining on the first graph the drive shaft rotation speed corresponding to the maximum power value located; transferring the rotation speed determined to said second graph to locate the corresponding torque value; locating on said second graph, at the point of intersection between the maximum-torque curve and the vertical line through the drive shaft rotation speed determined, the partial-torque and relative injector opening curve through the point; tracing the partial-torque curve on said second graph up to the intersection with the x-axis to determine the idling speed of the engine at the given injector opening; and determining the position of the injection pump regulating member so as to inject fuel into the engine according to the injector opening determined.
- These and other objects, features and advantages are accomplished according to the instant invention by providing a method of regulating and controlling an internal combustion engine forming part of a hybrid power unit of a self-propelled vehicle, the method employing a first graph showing the power transmitted by the engine as a function of the rotation speed of a drive shaft, and for different injector openings of a power-regulating injection device; and a second graph showing the torque transmitted by the drive shaft as a function of the rotation speed of the drive shaft, and for different injector openings of the power-regulating injection device; the second graph also showing the injector opening of the power-regulating injection device.
- The advantages of this invention will become apparent upon consideration of the following detailed disclosure of the invention, especially when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings wherein:
- FIG. 1 shows a self-propelled vehicle power unit for implementing the method according to the present invention;
- FIG. 2 shows a graph employed in the method according to the invention and showing power transmission as a function of the rotation speed of the output shaft of an internal combustion engine forming part of the FIG. 1 power unit; and
- FIG. 3 shows a graph employed in the method according to the invention in conjunction with the FIG. 2 graph, and showing torque transmission as a function of the rotation speed of the output shaft of an internal combustion engine forming part of the FIG. 1 power unit.
- Number1 in FIG. 1 indicates as a whole a hybrid power unit for implementing the method according to the present invention. Unit 1 in FIG. 1 is a series hybrid unit, but the teachings of the present invention may also be applied to advantage to any hybrid unit, in particular a parallel hybrid unit (not shown).
- Unit1 comprises an
internal combustion engine 2, in particular a diesel engine, which, by means of adrive shaft 3, drives agenerator 4 connected electrically to acharge device 5 for charging an electricenergy storage device 6.Charge device 5 andstorage device 6 are connected electrically to a device 7 for controlling anelectric motor 8 powering anaxle 9 of a vehicle (not shown). Fuel injection intointernal combustion engine 2 is controlled by aninjection device 10 comprising an injection pump 11, controlled by an actuatingcylinder 12 via alever mechanism 13, and anelectronic board 14 for controlling the commands from an electroniccentral control unit 15. - The desired vehicle speed is entered by means of a
pedal 16, or ahand lever 17 connected electrically in parallel withpedal 16; and anelectric line 18 connectspedal 16 andhand lever 17 tocentral control unit 15. As explained in detail later on, the operator, when selecting a given tilt angle α ofpedal 16 or lever 17 (angle α in this case not shown) in actual fact merely selects the traveling speed of the vehicle; and the electric signal generated by the operator atpedal 16 orlever 17 is transmitted tocentral control unit 15 for processing to determine the state ofdevice 10. - FIG. 1 also shows how
central control unit 15controls device 10 using the method according to the present invention, which is described in detail below with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3. - FIG. 2 shows a graph employed in the method according to the present invention, and which shows the variation in power P transmitted to
output shaft 3 ofengine 2 as a function of the rotation speed ωa ofshaft 3, and a number of curves as a function of the injector opening ofdevice 10, i.e. of injection pump 11. - It should be pointed out that, in this context, the term “injector opening” is intended to mean the injector opening directly proportional to the quantity of fuel injected into
engine 2. - FIG. 2 shows sixteen curves corresponding to injector openings ranging between 100% and 10%.
- More specifically, FIG. 2 shows sixteen injector opening curves q ranging from a curve q0 showing the operation of
engine 2 with a 100% injector opening, i.e. with pump 11 fully open to inject the maximum amount of fuel intoengine 2, to a curve q1 showing operation ofengine 2 with a 10% injector opening of pump 11. - FIG. 2 also shows a curve q0′ representing the envelope of the various opening curves q according to the maximum-opening curve q0.
- FIG. 3 shows a graph employed in the method according to the present invention together with the FIG. 2 graph, and which shows the variation in torque C transmitted by
engine 2 to driveshaft 3 as a function of the rotation speed ωa ofshaft 3, and sixteen curves Q corresponding to injector openings ranging between 100% and 10%. - In FIG. 3, too, curves Q include a maximum, i.e. 100%, opening curve Q0; a 10% opening curve Q1; and a curve Q0′ representing the envelope of the various opening curves Q according to curve Q0.
- As is known, the FIGS. 2 and 3 graphs are supplied by the maker of
engine 2 and therefore normally vary from one engine to another. In other words, the FIGS. 2 and 3 graphs relate to a givenengine 2 with given construction characteristics, which, in this purely illustrative context, need not be dealt with in detail. - As stated, for a clearer understanding of the method according to the present invention, reference will now be made to FIGS. 2 and 3.
- The method according to the present invention employs:
- a first graph (FIG. 2) showing the power P transmitted by engine2 (FIG. 1) as a function of the rotation speed ωa of
drive shaft 3, and for different injector openings ofinjection device 10 regulating power P; and - a second graph (FIG. 3) showing the torque C transmitted by
drive shaft 3 as a function of the rotation speed ωa ofdrive shaft 3, and for different injector openings of power-regulatinginjection device 10; - and comprises the steps of:
- a. dividing the y-axis of the first graph (FIG. 2) arbitrarily into a number of ranges of given, not necessarily equal, size (in the example shown,10 ranges I1-I10 of equal size);
- b. inserting on the y-axis of the first graph the power value P1 required to operate the self-propelled vehicle, so as to single out from ranges I1-I10 the one comprising power value P1 (
range 18 in the example shown); - c. locating on the first graph (FIG. 2) the maximum power value P2 in the range (18) singled out at step (b);
- d. determining on the first graph (FIG. 2)—in particular, on curve q0′ relative to maximum fuel injection into
engine 2—the rotation speed ωa ofdrive shaft 3 corresponding to the maximum power value P2 located at step (c); - e. transferring the rotation speed ωa determined at step (d) to the second graph (FIG. 3) to locate the corresponding torque value C1, which is located at the point of intersection P3 between the maximum-opening torque curve Q0′ and the vertical line through ωa;
- f. locating on the second graph (FIG. 3) the partial-torque and relative injector opening curve Q2 (in the example shown, the injector opening is 64%) through point P3 located at step (e) and corresponding to the rotation speed ωa and torque C1 determined at steps (d) and (e);
- g. tracing on the second graph (FIG. 3) the partial-torque curve Q2 corresponding to torque value C1 up to the intersection with the x-axis to determine the idling speed ω20 of the engine at the given injector opening; and
- h. determining experimentally the position of
actuator 12, regulating injection pump 11, which brings the idling speed ofengine 2 to value ω20, so as to inject fuel intoengine 2 according to the injector opening determined at step (f). - By determining idling speed ω0 for each injector opening curve Q,
central control unit 15 can be calibrated accurately with no need for simulatingengine 2 under load. Obviously, starting from the maximum idling speed on curve Q2, as load is applied toengine 2, rotation speed ωa decreases according to curve Q2 until the maximum torque value C1 is reached, thus achieving a minimum rotation speed ωa ofshaft 3 and optimum operation ofengine 2. - It should be pointed out that, even entering the maximum power value in a given range into the FIG. 2 graph, this does not necessarily mean there will be a surplus amount of power for reuse, for example, by means of
electric motor 8. In most cases, the surplus amount of power will not be supplied, on account of (diesel)internal combustion engine 2 operating, at that particular speed, on a torque curve slightly lower than the maximum-torque curve. - In actual fact, the operator, using
pedal 16 orhand lever 17, sets an ideal maximum power value, whereas the actual power supplied is a value between the ideal maximum and zero. In other words, ifactuator cylinder 12 is set by the operator so that 64% of the fuel quantity is supplied by injection pump 11,internal combustion engine 2 can supply any power between zero and the set maximum value. Obviously, the closer P1 gets to the upper limit ofrange 18, the closerinternal combustion engine 2 will operate to maximum torque, so that, once the Q curve (FIG. 3) on which to operate is selected as described above, the speed ofinternal combustion engine 2 will tend towards rotation speed and torque values giving the required operating power P1 value. - In other words, the method according to the present invention may be said to substantially calibrate the opening of
injection pump 12, so that, for a given power, the most favourable torque for the corresponding rotation speed ofshaft 3 is achieved at all times to minimize consumption, noise level, etc. - It will be understood that changes in the details, materials, steps and arrangements of parts which have been described and illustrated to explain the nature of the invention will occur to and may be made by those skilled in the art upon a reading of this disclosure within the principles and scope of the invention. The foregoing description illustrates the preferred embodiment of the invention; however, concepts, as based upon the description, may be employed in other embodiments without departing from the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the following claims are intended to protect the invention broadly as well as in the specific form shown.
Claims (4)
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IT2000BO000661A ITBO20000661A1 (en) | 2000-11-14 | 2000-11-14 | ADJUSTMENT AND CONTROL METHOD OF AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE |
EP01204265A EP1223066B1 (en) | 2000-11-14 | 2001-11-07 | Method of regulating and controlling an internal combustion engine |
US10/026,267 US6578549B1 (en) | 2000-11-14 | 2001-12-21 | Method of regulating and controlling an internal combustion engine |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IT2000BO000661A ITBO20000661A1 (en) | 2000-11-14 | 2000-11-14 | ADJUSTMENT AND CONTROL METHOD OF AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE |
US10/026,267 US6578549B1 (en) | 2000-11-14 | 2001-12-21 | Method of regulating and controlling an internal combustion engine |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US6578549B1 US6578549B1 (en) | 2003-06-17 |
US20030116128A1 true US20030116128A1 (en) | 2003-06-26 |
Family
ID=29272075
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/026,267 Expired - Lifetime US6578549B1 (en) | 2000-11-14 | 2001-12-21 | Method of regulating and controlling an internal combustion engine |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6578549B1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1223066B1 (en) |
IT (1) | ITBO20000661A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20090274226A1 (en) * | 2008-05-05 | 2009-11-05 | Motorola, Inc. | Sounding channel based feedback in a wireless communication system |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7364409B2 (en) | 2004-02-11 | 2008-04-29 | Haldex Hydraulics Corporation | Piston assembly for rotary hydraulic machines |
US7086225B2 (en) | 2004-02-11 | 2006-08-08 | Haldex Hydraulics Corporation | Control valve supply for rotary hydraulic machine |
US7380490B2 (en) | 2004-02-11 | 2008-06-03 | Haldex Hydraulics Corporation | Housing for rotary hydraulic machines |
US7402027B2 (en) | 2004-02-11 | 2008-07-22 | Haldex Hydraulics Corporation | Rotating group of a hydraulic machine |
JP2008522117A (en) | 2004-12-01 | 2008-06-26 | ハルデックス・ハイドローリクス・コーポレーション | Hydraulic drive system |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4566068A (en) * | 1981-11-26 | 1986-01-21 | Diesel Kiki Co., Ltd. | Characteristic signal generator for an electronically controlled fuel injection pump |
DE4205770C2 (en) * | 1992-02-21 | 1994-05-05 | Mannesmann Ag | Vehicle with internal combustion engine, electric generator and electric motor |
US6089082A (en) * | 1998-12-07 | 2000-07-18 | Ford Global Technologies, Inc. | Air estimation system and method |
US6263858B1 (en) * | 2000-01-20 | 2001-07-24 | Ford Global Technologies, Inc. | Powertrain output monitor |
-
2000
- 2000-11-14 IT IT2000BO000661A patent/ITBO20000661A1/en unknown
-
2001
- 2001-11-07 EP EP01204265A patent/EP1223066B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-12-21 US US10/026,267 patent/US6578549B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20090274226A1 (en) * | 2008-05-05 | 2009-11-05 | Motorola, Inc. | Sounding channel based feedback in a wireless communication system |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US6578549B1 (en) | 2003-06-17 |
EP1223066B1 (en) | 2006-04-26 |
EP1223066A2 (en) | 2002-07-17 |
EP1223066A3 (en) | 2004-05-19 |
ITBO20000661A0 (en) | 2000-11-14 |
ITBO20000661A1 (en) | 2002-05-14 |
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