US2002660A - Burner - Google Patents

Description

B. Q. P. FOSS BURNER Original Filed Jan. 3. 1922 2 Sheets-Sheet, l

Ou 5 M W w E 0 av May 28, 1935.

B. Q: P. FOSS BURNER 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Original Filed Jan. 3; 1922 ON ad/412 hl mw m? rew i w &0 E

Patented May 28, 19 35 UNITED STATES BURNER Benjamin QLP. Foss, deceased, late of San Francisco, Calif.', by Clarinda 'G. Foss, executrix, San Francisco, Calif.; said Benjamin Q.'P. Foss assignor of sixty per cent to Lester McDonald,

Bakersfield, Calif.

Refiled' for abandoned 526,540, January 3,

application Serial No. 1922. This application September '5, 1930, Serial No. 479,986

2 Claims. (Gl.-158-7) r This application is. a refiled application for abandoned application filed Jan. 3', 1922; Serial No. 526,540, and it is hereby declared the following is a full, 'clear,- concise and exact. descrip- 5 tion of the same.

This invention relates particularly .to' a .gas burner. l

An object of the invention is to'provide a'gas burner so constructed and arranged {that the volume and velocity of gas passingthrough the burner automatically controls and determines the requisite volume and quantity ofpri'mary air to be mixed therewith for the purpose of combustion; j A further object of this invention is to .provide a burner adapted to burn either artificial ornatural gas separately or in combination or intermixed with air, with perfect combustion" and utilizing all of the heatunitstherein contained. A still further object of theinvention is to provide a furnace having agasx burner therein, in combination with an auxiliary conduit for introducing Water or steam; within said furnace, whereby the heat from the burner, will produce a temperatureat which waterbegins'to decompose and dissociate in the'auxiliary conduit to produce as aresult, superheated steam, hydrogen and oxygen gases which may be effectively burned in combination with the gas issuing .from the burner. A further object of thisf invention isto provide ,a gas burner that will be superior in point of simplicity, and inexpensive in operation 'iacility'and convenience in use and: general efiiciency.

Other objects and advantages will appear as this description progresses.

In this specification andthe annexed drawings, the invention is illustrated in the .form considered to 'bethe best, but it isfto be understood that the invention is not limited to such form, because it may be embodied in other forms; and it is also to be understood that in and by the claims following the description, it is desired to coverthe invention in whatsoever form itmay be embodied. l f

In .the accompanying two sheets of drawings:- Fig. 1 represents a vertical section through a furnace having a burner constructed in accordan'ce with the invention applied thereto.

Fig. 2 represents an enlarged detail taken through Fig. l on the line2--2. I 1 Fig. 3 represents a front elevation of .Fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is an enlarged sectional view taken through the burner constructed in accordance with the invention.

' as contrasted with other burners.

Fig. -5 is a section taken through Fig. 4 on the line 5-5.

Fig. 6 is a section taken through Fig. 4 on the line 0-46. V

In detail the construction illustrated in the drawings comprises a boiler and mounting or other equivalent .furnace, such for instance as annealing furnaces, house furnaces, ranges and the like generally designated by the numeral i.

In Fig.1theboiler 2 of the type shown has longitudinal tubes therein and is mounted on a suitable foundation, providing a fire box 3 be neath the boiler. The said furnace is so arranged that adraft from the burner inlet 4 will pass through the fire box 3, the tubes of the boiler (as indicated byarrows) and either outwardly through the stack 5 or through a mechanical exhausting apparatus 6 to be used in lieu of the natural draft of the stack. Where the stack'is efiiciently'constructed so as to maintain at all timesan equalized fire, the blower would be dispensed with, but where it is possible the exhausting apparatus is installed for the reason "that it maintains a more constant draft through the fire box and creates a better fire.

It is to be understood that the burner shown is one which has been constructed so as to entrain the required amount of airat various gas pressures-to effect a great saving of fuel burned,

burner is not limited to this particular furnace, as -it=is to be understood the burner can be applied equally well to any and all types of furnaces. m

The burner, generally designated by the numeral I0, is mounted outside the furnace and preferably in axial alignment with the mixing conduit 4, which passesthrough the front wall of the furnace mounting and communicates with the fire box within the furnace. The burner 10 comprises a metalcasting having a plurality of conicalshaped chambers, substantially connecting one with the other, said chambers being suitably connected to adjacent chambers at contigu- 'ous ends. In Fig.4, there is illustrated a metal casting having. three chambers, II, I 2 and 13a, all of which are cone shaped. The smaller end of chamber l I communicates with the larger end of the chamber [2, the metal casting between the chambers ll, and l2 isfirst drilled and'then-the holes are :milled to. elongate them to form a. perforated webbing I3, the smaller end of chamber [2 communicates withthe larger end of chamber Ba, the metal casting between the chambers I 2 and l3a is first drilled and then the holes are milled to elongate them to form a perforated webbing [4.

As will be obvious, the respective chambers H, l2 and l3a are coaxially arranged relative to each other and the metal casting is adapted to be mounted on a support arm l5 so as to lie substantially on the same axis as the burner mixing conduit 4.

The enlarged end of chamber H is partially closed by the burner head is, having a suitable hollow hub bearing l3, and radial arms ii thereon, the hollow hub bearing l 8 positioned coaxially with said chamber ii. The radial arms ll connect the burner head it bearing. l8. A threaded nipple if? is mounted within the hub 58 and has a nozzle secured thereon within the chamber ii. The. opposite.

' end of the nipple is has a T-fitting 2i thereon.

' first chamber through the conduit 22 -tive chambers H, l2 and H364.

Natural gas or artificial gas may be introduced into one of the appropriate openings in the T-fitting (after plugging up the other opening) from whence the said gas is distributed through the interior of the nipple i9, past the nozzle 20 into the interior of the respec- In those instances where the gas pressure is insuficient to force itself from the chambers into the fire box, air under pressure may be appropriately introduced through T-fittingfil, from the'conduit line 23 suitably controlled by the regulating valve 24. The auxiliary air pressure would also be necessary in instances where the furnace is operated under forced draft. The gas conduit line 22 is provided with a suitable regulating valve 25 thereon for regulatin and controlling the quantity of gas passing into the furnace and with the cut-off valve 26 for cutting off the source .of gas supply from the burner.

Years of research and experiments have determined that natural or artificial gas may be passed through a burner casting, arranged to, have a plurality of chambers such as 'I have described, under as low a pressiu'e as one inch water pressure on the gas. As the control valve 25 is regulated to discharge gas from the nozzle 20 into the chamber l l, the natural tendency of thegas is to pass through the chambers of the burner casting l0, and burner mixing conduit l into the fire box of the furnace due to the kinetic energy of the gas stream, and the draft created either by the stack or by the mechanical exhauster 0. As gas issues from the nozzle 20, primary air is entrained through the burner head 90 into the interior of chamber ll. As the gas and air continues throughthe respective chambers l2 and i301 additional primary air is entrained through the perforated webbings l3 and M, due to the kinetic energy of the moving gas air mixture, and the draft created by the stack. The burner casting I0 is designed so that the first chamber ii is the largest, the second chamber I2 is somewhat smaller, and the third chamber i311 is thesmallest, this construction being for the purpose of increasing the velocity of the gas air mixture, as it passes through the burner casting H], which in turn automatically regulates and controls the quantity of primary air entrained, in direct proportion to the volume and velocity of gasadmitted through the nozzle 2 s Asthe gas passes through the nozzle 20 into the l l of the burner casting l 0, it. draws primary air through the openings in the burner headl fi, and as the gas air mixture leaves the first chamber if it passes the constricted opening, where the velocity of the gas air mixture is inwith the hollow hub creased as it enters the smaller second chamber l2, due to the kinetic energy of the gas air mixture and furnace draft, thereby causing an entrainment of primary air at the ported webbing I3, as the gas airmixture leaves chamber 12 it passes the constricted orifice as it enters the smallest third chamber l 3a, where the velocity of the gas air mixture is increased, due to the kinetic energy of gas air mixture passing the constricted orifice, and by the furnace draft, thereby causing another entrainment of primary air at the ported webbing M, as the gas air mixture leaves the constricted orifice 2? of chamber Him, the velocity is again increased, due to the kinetic energy of the gas air mixture and the furnace draft, at this point the gas air mixture passes a space or gap between the burner casting i0 and the burner mixing conduit 4 in the fire wall which communicates with the fire box 3. As the gas air mixture passes the aforementioned space or gap adjacent the burner mixing conduit 4, it entrains moreprimary air as it enters the burner mixing conduit 4.

As the gas air mixture leaves the mixing conduit and enters the fire box 3 thoroughly intermixed, and due to the furnace draft under a velocity which causes the gas air mixture when lighted as a flame to blast against a breaking wall 28, set a predetermined distance from the end of the burner mixing conduit 4.

The fire that results is in the form of a mild blast which makes a purple fiame of intense heat under a low gas pressure of from two ounces up. Although but three chambers are shown in the burner casting, this invention is not limited thereto inasmuch as it will clearly be within the scope to utilize a greater or lesser number, but the arrangement as shown providing four openings, wherein air will mix with the gas, has been found to be the proper number. If the mixtures are further accelerated it causes a lean mixture so that the fire produced does not have the heat effect that it does with the four mixtures aforementioned.

Wherea lesser number of mixtures are used the volume of gas that may be burned is controlled by the predetermined quantity of air that can be burned with a gas of a certain B. t. u. test.

In a burner constructed in accordance with the invention, the volume and velocity of the gas passing through the chambers of the burner casting, and burner mixing conduit, together with the thermal convection induced by the products of combustion through the furnace hues and stack draft, automatically entrainment of primary air necessary to complete combustion. Should the velocity and volume of gas entering the burner be cut down, the quantity of primary air entrained would automatically decrease in proportion, the burner is so constructed that the momentum of the gas jet bears a constant ratio to the momentum of the primary air mixture.

In the use of artificial or natural gas, a fuel of intense heat results, wherein the temperatures range from 2,000 to 2,500 degrees Fahrenheit. This heat is utilized secondarily by installing a hollow conduit, in the shape of a coil of pipe, within the fire box of the furnace and which is subjected to the heat of the flame issuing from the burner. Water or steam would be passed into the said conduit (from an external source controlled by the valve 3 I) and subjected to the heat ranging from 2,000 to 2,500 degrees Fahrenheit, a temperature at which water begins to dissociate in the said conduit into superheated steam, hydrogen and oxygen gases. The gases thus formed, would pass from the nozzle 32 of said conduit, at a point directly in the path of the flame issuing from the burner mixing conduit 4 as the superheated steam and gases blast against the blasting wall in the presence of the artificial or natural gas issuing from the mixing conduit hydrogen and carbon monoxide gases are formed, these gases burn with the artificial or natural gas to make a more intense heat than could be produced by the gas alone or gas in combination with air. In the operation of a furnace and burner constructed in accordance with the invention, it is desirable that the jurnace be as hermetically sealed as possible except the mixing conduit whereby the air for combustion is mixed with the incoming gas as primary air, passing into the fire box through the mixing conduit 4.

It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the combination of the gases used by this furnace, or to the appliances that are used in creating an augmented fire by the use of a hydrogen gas accompanied by its component part of oxygen, as many changes and improvements would suggest themselves to those skilled in the art.

Having described the invention, what it is desired to secure by LettersPatent is:-

1. In a gas burning apparatus a mixing conduit, a burner comprising a casting, having a series of conical chambers therein having discharge ends of progressively smaller diameter, a burner head fitted to the inlet end of the foremost chamber having air admission openings, a gas supply conduit centrally connectedto said head, a perforated web arranged between adjacent conical chambers, the constricted burner orifice of the final conical chamber of the series being arranged in axial alignment with the mixing conduit, there being a space or gap between the burner orifice and said conduit.

2. In combination with a device as set forth in claim 1, a steam generator arranged in the path of the flame issuing from the conduit, a. vapor nozzle connected to the generator, and arranged in front of the conduit, said generator being heated by said flame.

CLARINDA G. FOSS, -(WidW) A Emecutria: of the Estate of B. Q. P. Foss, Deceased.

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