US20010052801A1 - Sense amplifier for integrated circuits using pmos transistors - Google Patents
Sense amplifier for integrated circuits using pmos transistors Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20010052801A1 US20010052801A1 US09/351,141 US35114199A US2001052801A1 US 20010052801 A1 US20010052801 A1 US 20010052801A1 US 35114199 A US35114199 A US 35114199A US 2001052801 A1 US2001052801 A1 US 2001052801A1
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- Prior art keywords
- sense amplifier
- transistors
- evaluation
- transistor
- response
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K5/00—Manipulating of pulses not covered by one of the other main groups of this subclass
- H03K5/22—Circuits having more than one input and one output for comparing pulses or pulse trains with each other according to input signal characteristics, e.g. slope, integral
- H03K5/24—Circuits having more than one input and one output for comparing pulses or pulse trains with each other according to input signal characteristics, e.g. slope, integral the characteristic being amplitude
- H03K5/2472—Circuits having more than one input and one output for comparing pulses or pulse trains with each other according to input signal characteristics, e.g. slope, integral the characteristic being amplitude using field effect transistors
- H03K5/2481—Circuits having more than one input and one output for comparing pulses or pulse trains with each other according to input signal characteristics, e.g. slope, integral the characteristic being amplitude using field effect transistors with at least one differential stage
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C7/00—Arrangements for writing information into, or reading information out from, a digital store
- G11C7/06—Sense amplifiers; Associated circuits, e.g. timing or triggering circuits
- G11C7/062—Differential amplifiers of non-latching type, e.g. comparators, long-tailed pairs
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K5/00—Manipulating of pulses not covered by one of the other main groups of this subclass
- H03K5/22—Circuits having more than one input and one output for comparing pulses or pulse trains with each other according to input signal characteristics, e.g. slope, integral
- H03K5/24—Circuits having more than one input and one output for comparing pulses or pulse trains with each other according to input signal characteristics, e.g. slope, integral the characteristic being amplitude
- H03K5/2472—Circuits having more than one input and one output for comparing pulses or pulse trains with each other according to input signal characteristics, e.g. slope, integral the characteristic being amplitude using field effect transistors
- H03K5/249—Circuits having more than one input and one output for comparing pulses or pulse trains with each other according to input signal characteristics, e.g. slope, integral the characteristic being amplitude using field effect transistors using clock signals
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an improved architecture for a sense amplifier in integrated circuits, to sense small differential signals between ground and a small positive potential.
- data signals may be carried throughout the circuit as a pair of data signals, a true signal and a complement signal, where the complement signal is a voltage that represent the logical inverse of the true signal.
- the true and complement signals are precharged to a predetermined value.
- the true and complement signals are permitted to carry actual data.
- One of the signals will evaluate to a different potential than the precharge potential.
- a sense amplifier for such an application is designed to sense small voltage differentials between the true and complement signals and generate true and complementary output signals in response thereto.
- the sense amplifier can generate valid output signals without requiring the input data to complete a “full rail” transition (e.g. transition fully to V CC or ground). Such a sense amplifier achieves higher throughput and faster speed than circuits that require full rail transitions.
- Sense amplifiers are carefully designed to ensure that they include only a minimum number of components sufficient for their operation.
- a sense amplifier that includes unnecessary components typically has a slower response; it also may consume unnecessary power. Accordingly, there is a continuing need in the art for an LVS sense amplifier having a minimal number of components.
- An embodiment of the present invention provides a sense amplifier circuit that includes a pair of differential input terminals and a pair of differential output terminals.
- Each of a pair of precharge circuits connects a respective one of the differential output terminals to precharge potential and has a clocking input.
- the precharge circuits maintains the respective differential output terminals at ground in response to a precharge state of a signal at the clocking input.
- the sense amplifier also may include a pair of evaluation circuits, each connecting a respective one of the differential output terminals to an evaluation potential and coupled to a respective one of the differential input terminals.
- the evaluation circuits may transition the respective output terminal to an evaluation voltage in response to an evaluation state of a signal at the respective differential input terminal.
- the sense amplifier may include a pair of clamping circuits, each connecting a respective one of the differential output terminals to ground and maintaining the respective one of the differential output terminal at ground in response to an evaluation voltage at the other of the differential output terminals.
- FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the present invention provides an improved architecture for PMOS based sense amplifiers for use in an integrated circuit.
- the improved architecture employs fewer components than in a traditional PMOS based sense amplifiers, provides improved speed and, therefore, can contributed to higher performance of integrated circuits.
- the sense amplifier 100 is adapted for use in low voltage swing (“LVS”) circuits.
- LVS circuits typically carry data in true and complement form.
- an LVS circuit also will carry its logical complement (usually labeled, “d#”) on a second data signal.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a sense amplifier 100 constructed in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- the sense amplifier 100 includes terminals for a clock signal (terminals 110 - 130 ) and true and complement data signals (terminals 140 , 150 ).
- the sense amplifier 100 also includes terminals 160 , 170 for an output signal and its complement.
- the sense amplifier 100 may be populated by a number of transistors.
- An enable transistor 180 is coupled to V CC at its source and receives a signal from input terminal 110 on an input.
- a first data transistor 190 couples the drain of the enable transistor 180 to the OUT terminal 160 across a source to drain path.
- the first data transistor 190 receives the D data signal on input terminal 150 .
- a second data transistor 200 couples the drain of the enable transistor 180 to the OUT# terminal 170 across a source to drain path.
- the second data transistor 200 receives the D data signal on input terminal 140 .
- the first and second data transistors 190 , 200 may become conductive when the input data signal transitions to a low state.
- the data transistors 190 , 200 may be PMOS transistors.
- the sense amplifier 100 also may be populated by a pair of clocking transistors 210 , 240 .
- the first clocking transistor 210 couples the OUT terminal 160 to ground via a source to drain path.
- the second clocking transistor 240 couples the OUT# terminal 170 to ground via a drain to source path.
- Both clocking transistors 210 , 240 receive the CLK signal via respective input terminals 120 , 130 .
- the clock transistors 210 , 240 each may become conductive when the input signal applied to the clocking terminals 120 , 130 is at a high state.
- the clocking transistors may be NMOS transistors.
- the sense amplifier 100 also may be populated by a plurality of clamping transistors 220 and 230 .
- a first clamping transistor 220 couples the OUT terminal 160 to ground. It receives the signal from the OUT# terminal 170 as an input.
- a second clamping transistor 230 couples the OUT# terminal 170 to ground. It receives the signal from the OUT terminal 160 at an input.
- the sense amplifier 100 may find application with “domino” LVS circuits having a precharge phase and an evaluation phase.
- the precharge phase is preparatory to the evaluation phase; the sense amplifier does not output active data.
- the evaluation phase the sense amplifier does output active data.
- the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 is directed an LVS system in which the clock signal CLK evaluates low.
- the data signals D and D# are themselves characterized by a precharge phase and an evaluation phase. That is, the data signals D and D# carry information during the evaluation phase but not during the precharge phase. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the data signals D and D# may be precharged low but transition high if they evaluate during the evaluation phase. During the precharge phase, the data transistors 190 , 200 both are conductive.
- the clamping transistors 220 , 230 improve the sensitivity of the sense amplifier 100 and improve the speed of its operation.
- one of the data signals D or D# will transition from the low precharge state toward a high state.
- the other complementary signal will remain low.
- the evaluating signal D transitions high, its associated data transistor 200 becomes increasingly less conductive.
- the data transistor 190 associated with the non-evaluating signal (D#) remains conductive.
- the OUT terminal 170 transitions high.
- the clamping transistor 230 begins to conduct thereby maintaining the OUT# terminal 160 at ground.
- the inventor has performed computer simulations of the sense amplifier 100 shown in FIG. 1 and determined that the circuit generates useful evaluation outputs when the D and D# signals exhibit a voltage difference of about 100 mV.
Abstract
A sense amplifier includes a pair of differential input terminals and a pair of differential output terminals. Each of a pair of precharge circuits connects a respective one of the differential output terminals to precharge potential and has a clocking input. The precharge circuits maintains the respective differential output terminals at ground in response to a precharge state of a signal at the clocking input. The sense amplifier also may include a pair of evaluation circuits, each connecting a respective one of the differential output terminals to an evaluation potential and coupled to a respective one of the differential input terminals. The evaluation circuits may transition the respective output terminal to an evaluation voltage in response to an evaluation state of a signal at the respective differential input terminal. Further, the sense amplifier may include a pair of clamping circuits, each connecting a respective one of the differential output terminals to ground and maintaining the respective one of the differential output terminal at ground in response to an evaluation voltage at the other of the differential output terminals.
Description
- The present invention relates to an improved architecture for a sense amplifier in integrated circuits, to sense small differential signals between ground and a small positive potential.
- Increasing attention has been given to sense amplifiers for use in low voltage swing circuits. In low voltage swing circuits, data signals may be carried throughout the circuit as a pair of data signals, a true signal and a complement signal, where the complement signal is a voltage that represent the logical inverse of the true signal. Typically, the true and complement signals are precharged to a predetermined value. During an evaluation phase, the true and complement signals are permitted to carry actual data. One of the signals will evaluate to a different potential than the precharge potential. A sense amplifier for such an application is designed to sense small voltage differentials between the true and complement signals and generate true and complementary output signals in response thereto. By generating output signals in response to the small differentials, the sense amplifier can generate valid output signals without requiring the input data to complete a “full rail” transition (e.g. transition fully to VCC or ground). Such a sense amplifier achieves higher throughput and faster speed than circuits that require full rail transitions.
- Sense amplifiers are carefully designed to ensure that they include only a minimum number of components sufficient for their operation. A sense amplifier that includes unnecessary components typically has a slower response; it also may consume unnecessary power. Accordingly, there is a continuing need in the art for an LVS sense amplifier having a minimal number of components.
- An embodiment of the present invention provides a sense amplifier circuit that includes a pair of differential input terminals and a pair of differential output terminals. Each of a pair of precharge circuits connects a respective one of the differential output terminals to precharge potential and has a clocking input. The precharge circuits maintains the respective differential output terminals at ground in response to a precharge state of a signal at the clocking input. The sense amplifier also may include a pair of evaluation circuits, each connecting a respective one of the differential output terminals to an evaluation potential and coupled to a respective one of the differential input terminals. The evaluation circuits may transition the respective output terminal to an evaluation voltage in response to an evaluation state of a signal at the respective differential input terminal. Further, the sense amplifier may include a pair of clamping circuits, each connecting a respective one of the differential output terminals to ground and maintaining the respective one of the differential output terminal at ground in response to an evaluation voltage at the other of the differential output terminals.
- FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- The present invention provides an improved architecture for PMOS based sense amplifiers for use in an integrated circuit. The improved architecture employs fewer components than in a traditional PMOS based sense amplifiers, provides improved speed and, therefore, can contributed to higher performance of integrated circuits.
- According to an embodiment of the present invention, the
sense amplifier 100 is adapted for use in low voltage swing (“LVS”) circuits. LVS circuits typically carry data in true and complement form. Thus, for a data signal d, an LVS circuit also will carry its logical complement (usually labeled, “d#”) on a second data signal. - FIG. 1 illustrates a
sense amplifier 100 constructed in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. Thesense amplifier 100 includes terminals for a clock signal (terminals 110-130) and true and complement data signals (terminals 140, 150). Thesense amplifier 100 also includesterminals - The
sense amplifier 100 may be populated by a number of transistors. An enabletransistor 180 is coupled to VCC at its source and receives a signal frominput terminal 110 on an input. Afirst data transistor 190 couples the drain of the enabletransistor 180 to theOUT terminal 160 across a source to drain path. Thefirst data transistor 190 receives the D data signal oninput terminal 150. Asecond data transistor 200 couples the drain of the enabletransistor 180 to theOUT# terminal 170 across a source to drain path. Thesecond data transistor 200 receives the D data signal oninput terminal 140. According to an embodiment, the first andsecond data transistors data transistors - The
sense amplifier 100 also may be populated by a pair of clockingtransistors transistor 210 couples theOUT terminal 160 to ground via a source to drain path. The second clockingtransistor 240 couples theOUT# terminal 170 to ground via a drain to source path. Bothclocking transistors respective input terminals clock transistors clocking terminals - The
sense amplifier 100 also may be populated by a plurality ofclamping transistors first clamping transistor 220 couples theOUT terminal 160 to ground. It receives the signal from theOUT# terminal 170 as an input. Asecond clamping transistor 230 couples theOUT# terminal 170 to ground. It receives the signal from theOUT terminal 160 at an input. - According to an embodiment, the
sense amplifier 100 may find application with “domino” LVS circuits having a precharge phase and an evaluation phase. The precharge phase is preparatory to the evaluation phase; the sense amplifier does not output active data. In the evaluation phase, the sense amplifier does output active data. The embodiment shown in FIG. 1 is directed an LVS system in which the clock signal CLK evaluates low. - Consider the sense amplifier in precharge. The CLK signal input at terminals110-130 all are active (CLK=VCC). The clocking
transistors transistor 180 is nonconductive in response to the CLK signal, thereby cutting off the path from VCC to the sources of thedata transistors OUT# terminals OUT# terminals clamping transistors - Typically, in domino systems, the data signals D and D# are themselves characterized by a precharge phase and an evaluation phase. That is, the data signals D and D# carry information during the evaluation phase but not during the precharge phase. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the data signals D and D# may be precharged low but transition high if they evaluate during the evaluation phase. During the precharge phase, the
data transistors - Consider the sense amplifier during the evaluation phase. The CLK signal input at terminals110-130 transition to ground (CLK=0 V). The clocking
transistors transistor 180 becomes conductive, thereby applying VCC to the sources of the twodata transistors OUT# terminals input terminals - The clamping
transistors sense amplifier 100 and improve the speed of its operation. During the evaluation phase, one of the data signals D or D# will transition from the low precharge state toward a high state. The other complementary signal will remain low. As the evaluating signal D transitions high, its associateddata transistor 200 becomes increasingly less conductive. However, thedata transistor 190 associated with the non-evaluating signal (D#) remains conductive. Thus, the OUT terminal 170 transitions high. When the OUT terminal transitions high, the clampingtransistor 230 begins to conduct thereby maintaining theOUT# terminal 160 at ground. - The inventor has performed computer simulations of the
sense amplifier 100 shown in FIG. 1 and determined that the circuit generates useful evaluation outputs when the D and D# signals exhibit a voltage difference of about 100 mV. - Several embodiments of the present invention are specifically illustrated and described herein. However, it will be appreciated that modifications and variations of the present invention are covered by the above teachings and within the purview of the appended claims without departing from the spirit and intended scope of the invention.
Claims (27)
1. A sense amplifier, comprising:
an enable transistor,
first and second data transistors, each connected at sources thereof to a drain of the enable transistor,
first and second clocking transistors, the first connected at a source thereof to a drain of the first data transistor, the second connected at a source thereof to a drain of the second data transistor, and
first and second clamping transistors, the first connected at a source thereof to the drain of the first data transistor and connected at a gate thereof to the drain of the second transistor, the second connected at a source thereof to the drain of the second data transistor and connected at a gate thereof to the drain of the first transistor.
2. The sense amplifier of , wherein gates of the enable transistor and the two clocking transistors are mutually connected.
claim 1
3. The sense amplifier of , wherein a source of the enable transistor is connected to a voltage source.
claim 1
4. The sense amplifier of , wherein drains of the clocking transistors are connected to ground.
claim 1
5. The sense amplifier of , wherein drains of the clamping transistors are connected to ground.
claim 1
6. The sense amplifier of , wherein the enable transistor is a PMOS transistor.
claim 1
7. The sense amplifier of , wherein the clocking transistors each are NMOS transistors.
claim 1
8. The sense amplifier of , wherein the clamping transistors each are NMOS transistors.
claim 1
9. The sense amplifier of , wherein the data transistors each are PMOS transistors.
claim 1
10. The sense amplifier of , wherein the enable transistor becomes conductive in response to a high voltage signal.
claim 1
11. The sense amplifier of , wherein the clocking transistors become conductive in response to a high voltage.
claim 1
12. The sense amplifier of , wherein the clamping transistors become conductive in response to a high voltage.
claim 1
13. The sense amplifier of , wherein the data transistors become conductive in response to a low voltage.
claim 1
14. A sense amplifier circuit, comprising:
a pair of differential input terminals,
a pair of differential output terminals,
a pair of precharge circuits, each connecting a respective one of the differential output terminals to precharge potential, each having a clocking input and maintaining the respective differential output terminal at ground in response to a precharge state of a signal at the clocking input;
a pair of evaluation circuits, each connecting a respective one of the differential output terminals to an evaluation potential, each coupled to a respective one of the differential input terminals and transitioning the respective differential output terminal to an evaluation voltage in response to an evaluation state of a signal at the respective differential input terminal; and
a pair of clamping circuits, each connecting a respective one of the differential output terminals to ground and maintaining the respective one of the differential output terminal at ground in response to an evaluation voltage at the other of the differential output terminals.
15. The sense amplifier of , wherein the evaluation circuits include an enable circuit in a path between the evaluation gates of the enable transistor and the two clocking transistors are mutually connected.
claim 14
16. The sense amplifier of , wherein a source of the enable transistor is connected to a voltage source.
claim 14
17. The sense amplifier of , wherein drains of the clocking transistors are connected to ground.
claim 14
18. The sense amplifier of , wherein drains of the clamping transistors are connected to ground.
claim 14
19. The sense amplifier of , wherein the enable transistor is a PMOS transistor.
claim 14
20. The sense amplifier of , wherein the clocking transistors each are NMOS transistors.
claim 14
21. The sense amplifier of , wherein the clamping transistors each are NMOS transistors.
claim 14
22. The sense amplifier of , wherein the data transistors each are PMOS transistors.
claim 14
23. The sense amplifier of , wherein the enable transistor becomes conductive in response to a high voltage signal.
claim 14
24. The sense amplifier of , wherein the clocking transistors become conductive in response to a high voltage.
claim 14
25. The sense amplifier of , wherein the clamping transistors become conductive in response to a high voltage.
claim 14
26. The sense amplifier of , wherein the data transistors become conductive in response to a low voltage.
claim 14
27. A method of detecting data present in low voltage swing signals, comprising:
precharging a pair of differential output terminals to a precharge potential,
receiving differential low voltage swing input signals in an evaluation phase,
responsive to one of the low voltage swing input signals transitioning toward an evaluation potential, charging an associated output terminal to the evaluation potential,
responsive to a potential difference between the output terminals, clamping the output terminals to respective complementary potentials, wherein the output terminal associated with the evaluating input signal is clamped to the evaluation potential and the other output terminal is clamped to the precharge potential.
Priority Applications (1)
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US09/351,141 US6456121B2 (en) | 1999-07-12 | 1999-07-12 | Sense amplifier for integrated circuits using PMOS transistors |
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US09/351,141 US6456121B2 (en) | 1999-07-12 | 1999-07-12 | Sense amplifier for integrated circuits using PMOS transistors |
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US20010052801A1 true US20010052801A1 (en) | 2001-12-20 |
US6456121B2 US6456121B2 (en) | 2002-09-24 |
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US09/351,141 Expired - Fee Related US6456121B2 (en) | 1999-07-12 | 1999-07-12 | Sense amplifier for integrated circuits using PMOS transistors |
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20030210078A1 (en) * | 2002-05-08 | 2003-11-13 | University Of Southern California | Current source evaluation sense-amplifier |
US20080001632A1 (en) * | 2006-06-30 | 2008-01-03 | Lee Tea M | Driver circuit bias control |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6819144B2 (en) * | 2003-03-06 | 2004-11-16 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Latched sense amplifier with full range differential input voltage |
KR100618862B1 (en) | 2004-09-09 | 2006-08-31 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Sense amplifier using low common mode single ended differential input signal |
Family Cites Families (13)
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US4123799A (en) * | 1977-09-19 | 1978-10-31 | Motorola, Inc. | High speed IFGET sense amplifier/latch |
US4561702A (en) | 1984-05-09 | 1985-12-31 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | CMOS Address buffer circuit |
JPS6246489A (en) * | 1985-08-23 | 1987-02-28 | Nippon Texas Instr Kk | Dynamic type differential amplifier |
US5144168A (en) | 1990-08-17 | 1992-09-01 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Self latching input buffer |
EP0726578A1 (en) | 1995-02-09 | 1996-08-14 | International Business Machines Corporation | Multiple reference sense amplifier |
KR0164385B1 (en) | 1995-05-20 | 1999-02-18 | 김광호 | Sense amplifier circuit |
KR0146532B1 (en) * | 1995-05-25 | 1998-11-02 | 김광호 | Dynamic level converter for semiconductor memory device |
US5668765A (en) * | 1996-06-06 | 1997-09-16 | Philips Electronics North America Corporation | Charge transfer sense amplifier |
US5920218A (en) * | 1996-09-19 | 1999-07-06 | Sun Microsystems, Inc | Single-phase edge-triggered dual-rail dynamic flip-flop |
US5850359A (en) * | 1996-10-29 | 1998-12-15 | V.L.S.I. Technology, Inc. | Asynchronous high speed zero DC-current SRAM system |
US5834953A (en) * | 1996-11-25 | 1998-11-10 | Rockwell International Corporation | High speed current sense amplifier |
GB9707349D0 (en) * | 1997-04-11 | 1997-05-28 | Univ Waterloo | A dynamic current mode logic family |
US6137319A (en) * | 1999-04-30 | 2000-10-24 | Intel Corporation | Reference-free single ended clocked sense amplifier circuit |
-
1999
- 1999-07-12 US US09/351,141 patent/US6456121B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20030210078A1 (en) * | 2002-05-08 | 2003-11-13 | University Of Southern California | Current source evaluation sense-amplifier |
US7023243B2 (en) | 2002-05-08 | 2006-04-04 | University Of Southern California | Current source evaluation sense-amplifier |
US20080001632A1 (en) * | 2006-06-30 | 2008-01-03 | Lee Tea M | Driver circuit bias control |
US7449919B2 (en) * | 2006-06-30 | 2008-11-11 | Intel Corporation | Driver circuit bias control |
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