US20010044095A1 - Prosthetic device for intraosseous dental implants - Google Patents
Prosthetic device for intraosseous dental implants Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20010044095A1 US20010044095A1 US09/849,004 US84900401A US2001044095A1 US 20010044095 A1 US20010044095 A1 US 20010044095A1 US 84900401 A US84900401 A US 84900401A US 2001044095 A1 US2001044095 A1 US 2001044095A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- implant
- pin
- intraplantar
- prosthetic device
- cap
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000004053 dental implant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 239000007943 implant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000153 supplemental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
- A61C8/00—Means to be fixed to the jaw-bone for consolidating natural teeth or for fixing dental prostheses thereon; Dental implants; Implanting tools
- A61C8/0048—Connecting the upper structure to the implant, e.g. bridging bars
- A61C8/005—Connecting devices for joining an upper structure with an implant member, e.g. spacers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
- A61C8/00—Means to be fixed to the jaw-bone for consolidating natural teeth or for fixing dental prostheses thereon; Dental implants; Implanting tools
- A61C8/0048—Connecting the upper structure to the implant, e.g. bridging bars
- A61C8/005—Connecting devices for joining an upper structure with an implant member, e.g. spacers
- A61C8/0069—Connecting devices for joining an upper structure with an implant member, e.g. spacers tapered or conical connection
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
- A61C8/00—Means to be fixed to the jaw-bone for consolidating natural teeth or for fixing dental prostheses thereon; Dental implants; Implanting tools
- A61C8/0086—Means to be fixed to the jaw-bone for consolidating natural teeth or for fixing dental prostheses thereon; Dental implants; Implanting tools with shock absorbing means
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
- A61C8/00—Means to be fixed to the jaw-bone for consolidating natural teeth or for fixing dental prostheses thereon; Dental implants; Implanting tools
- A61C8/0018—Means to be fixed to the jaw-bone for consolidating natural teeth or for fixing dental prostheses thereon; Dental implants; Implanting tools characterised by the shape
- A61C8/0022—Self-screwing
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
- A61C8/00—Means to be fixed to the jaw-bone for consolidating natural teeth or for fixing dental prostheses thereon; Dental implants; Implanting tools
- A61C8/0048—Connecting the upper structure to the implant, e.g. bridging bars
Definitions
- the present invention pertains to intraosseous dental implants and more specifically to a prosthetic device for such implants.
- Intraosseous or osteointegrated dental implants usually comprise an implant (fixture), which is implanted in the bone in order to be integrated with it, and a prosthetic intraplantar pin having a transmucosa connection (abutment), to which the dental prosthesis is fixed.
- fixture an implant
- prosthetic intraplantar pin having a transmucosa connection an implant
- the intraplantar pin is screwed and/or cemented directly in the implant with a male/female coupling in order to thus form a complete integral unit.
- this mode of fixation of the intraplantar pin poses many problems.
- the object of the present invention is to eliminate or at least to reduce the above mentioned problems mainly by means of:
- a prosthetic device for intraosseous dental implants comprising an intraosseous support implant and an intraplantar pin.
- the support implant has a blind cavity, which is open towards the top of the implant and has at least one internal zone with a conical surface.
- the intraplantar pin has a shank intended to be implanted and to be blocked in the cavity of the support implant and a transmucosa connection head lying above the implant.
- the shank has at least one conical external zone of forced coupling with the conical internal zone of the cavity of the support implant.
- a cap for a dental prosthesis is fixed to the connection head with the interposition of a semirigid cushioning ring.
- FIG. 1 is a side view of the separated components of the device.
- FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the assembled device.
- the prosthetic device essentially comprises an intraosseous implant 11 , which is commonly called a “fixture,” an intraplantar pin 12 , which is also called an “abutment,” a cushioning ring 13 , a cap 14 for a dental prosthesis, a washer 15 and a fastening screw 16 .
- the intraosseous implant 11 , the intraplantar pin 12 , the fastening screw 16 , and the cap 14 may all be made of titanium or another suitable material that is usually used in the field of dentistry.
- the cushioning ring 13 and the washer 15 may be made of a biocompatible semirigid material.
- the intraosseous implant 11 which is basically cylindrical, has, externally, at least one threaded or furrowed part 17 and, internally, it has an axial cavity 18 , which is open at the top of the implant, and a bottom that is provided with a central hexagonal hole 19 .
- the axial cavity 18 has at least one conical zone 20 in the proximity of its mouth.
- the bottom hexagonal hole 19 is used to engage, with a tool, the implant for its seated installation in a bone prepared in advance.
- the intraplantar pin 12 has a shank 21 and a connection head 22 .
- the shank 21 is shaped to be accommodated in the axial cavity 18 of the intraosseous implant 11 and thus has at least one of its external zones 23 intended to be joined complementarily and tightly to the conical internal zone 20 of the implant 11 .
- the shank 21 can additionally have one or more external steps 24 to facilitate the fixation by means of cementing, if desired, between the implant and the pin.
- the intraplantar pin 12 is to remain fixed in the intraosseous implant 11 exclusively via the axial coupling of the respective conical zones 13 , 20 , and the optional cementing only represents a supplemental fixation.
- the head 22 of the pin 12 when same is inserted into the intraosseous implant 11 , is above the implant proper, forming a transmucosa connection. It extends conically starting from the shank 21 and then has a re-entry, which defines a shoulder 25 , which is turned upwards, from which rises a portion 26 having the shape of a truncated pyramid, truncated cone, or the like.
- the intraplantar pin 12 is passed through along its entire length by a threaded hole 27 , which is used both for screwing an extractor (not shown) thereto for extracting the pin 12 from the implant 11 and for screwing the fastening screw 16 thereto as appears evident below.
- the cushioning ring 13 is shaped like a truncated pyramid-shaped or upside-down truncated cone-shaped cup for being joined to the truncated-pyramid-shaped or truncated-cone-shaped portion 26 , covering same, and resting with a peripheral flange 13 ′ on the shoulder 25 at the base of the truncated-pyramid-shaped portion of the head of the pin 12 .
- the cap 14 is then arranged above the cushioning ring 13 , has a basic notch 14 ′, which is joined to the ring and is fixed in place by means of the fastening screw 16 which is screwed into the axial hole 27 of the pin 12 as shown in FIG. 2.
- the head of the fastening screw is embedded in the cap and acts on same with the interposition of the washer 15 .
- a calcinable element 28 applied to the cap and a dental prosthesis 29 is also shown in FIG. 2 of the drawing.
- the support implant 11 is implanted in the bone to become integrated with same progressively, and subsequently, the intraplantar pin is inserted into the cavity 18 of the implant, at which it is blocked by means of the conical coupling 20 , 23 . Then, the cushioning ring 13 and the cap 14 are mounted by fixing them on the connection head of the pin by means of the fastening screw.
- the cushioning ring 13 thanks to its relative elasticity, permits the final prosthesis elastic movements, without directly loading the bone and basically reproducing conditions similar to those of a connection between a natural tooth and bone.
Abstract
A prosthetic device for intraosseous dental implants includes an intraosseous support implant (11) and an intraplantar pin (12). The support implant (11) has a blind cavity (18) open towards its top and with at least one internal zone having a conical surface (20). The intraplantar pin (12) has a shank (21) which is intended to be implanted in the cavity of the implant and a transmucosa connection head (22) lying above the implant. The shank (21) has at least one conical external zone (23) of forced coupling with the conical internal zone (20) of the cavity of the support implant.
Description
- The present invention pertains to intraosseous dental implants and more specifically to a prosthetic device for such implants.
- Intraosseous or osteointegrated dental implants usually comprise an implant (fixture), which is implanted in the bone in order to be integrated with it, and a prosthetic intraplantar pin having a transmucosa connection (abutment), to which the dental prosthesis is fixed. Currently, if it is used, the intraplantar pin is screwed and/or cemented directly in the implant with a male/female coupling in order to thus form a complete integral unit. However, this mode of fixation of the intraplantar pin poses many problems.
- In fact, if the pin is simply screwed, given the forces to which the prosthesis is subjected, the pin tends to unscrew with the result of making possible rotational movements and even accidental disconnections of the prosthesis which then require interventions for repairing the fixation. In other words, the stability of the prosthesis may be precarious. On the other hand, if the pin is cemented, it becomes difficult to remove. In both cases then, such a fixation makes the search for parallelization of the elements difficult, and moreover, the resulting composition is highly rigid both in terms of its structure and in terms of its behavior under force, conditions which may cause damage to the bone and which, at any rate, do not correspond to the elastic, or cushioned, connection, as exists between a natural tooth and bone.
- The object of the present invention is to eliminate or at least to reduce the above mentioned problems mainly by means of:
- the search for a balance between stability and reversibility of the fixation, so as to ensure both with elements of a novel and original combination;
- the achievement of a paraphysiological, “cushioned” dental prosthesis, which reproduces the characteristics of a connection between a natural tooth and bone so as not to stress and damage the bone;
- the elimination of rotational movements and/or of accidental disconnections to reduce the need for repair interventions;
- ease of insertion of bridge-type prostheses even for unparallel implants up to 60°;
- ease and precision of the taking of impressions by means of so-called “copying pick-up,” in the absence of a “pulling effect” of the impression;
- reduction in the lateral tensile forces typical of the rigid systems both on the “fixture” and on the components of the prosthesis, the tightening screw in particular, thanks to the cushioning and to the washer made of plastic material;
- the easy removability of the intraplantar pin by means of a screw-type extractor coaxial to the implant.
- This object is accomplished with a prosthetic device for intraosseous dental implants comprising an intraosseous support implant and an intraplantar pin. The support implant has a blind cavity, which is open towards the top of the implant and has at least one internal zone with a conical surface. The intraplantar pin has a shank intended to be implanted and to be blocked in the cavity of the support implant and a transmucosa connection head lying above the implant. The shank has at least one conical external zone of forced coupling with the conical internal zone of the cavity of the support implant. A cap for a dental prosthesis is fixed to the connection head with the interposition of a semirigid cushioning ring.
- The various features of novelty which characterize the invention are pointed out with particularity in the claims annexed to and forming a part of this disclosure. For a better understanding of the invention, its operating advantages and specific objects attained by its uses, reference is made to the accompanying drawings and descriptive matter in which a preferred embodiment of the invention is illustrated.
- In the drawings:
- FIG. 1 is a side view of the separated components of the device; and
- FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the assembled device.
- Referring to the drawings in particular, the prosthetic device essentially comprises an
intraosseous implant 11, which is commonly called a “fixture,” anintraplantar pin 12, which is also called an “abutment,” acushioning ring 13, acap 14 for a dental prosthesis, awasher 15 and afastening screw 16. - The
intraosseous implant 11, theintraplantar pin 12, thefastening screw 16, and thecap 14 may all be made of titanium or another suitable material that is usually used in the field of dentistry. Thecushioning ring 13 and thewasher 15 may be made of a biocompatible semirigid material. - In particular, the
intraosseous implant 11, which is basically cylindrical, has, externally, at least one threaded or furrowedpart 17 and, internally, it has anaxial cavity 18, which is open at the top of the implant, and a bottom that is provided with a centralhexagonal hole 19. Theaxial cavity 18 has at least oneconical zone 20 in the proximity of its mouth. The bottomhexagonal hole 19 is used to engage, with a tool, the implant for its seated installation in a bone prepared in advance. - The
intraplantar pin 12 has ashank 21 and aconnection head 22. Theshank 21 is shaped to be accommodated in theaxial cavity 18 of theintraosseous implant 11 and thus has at least one of itsexternal zones 23 intended to be joined complementarily and tightly to the conicalinternal zone 20 of theimplant 11. Theshank 21 can additionally have one or moreexternal steps 24 to facilitate the fixation by means of cementing, if desired, between the implant and the pin. - The
intraplantar pin 12 is to remain fixed in theintraosseous implant 11 exclusively via the axial coupling of the respectiveconical zones - The
head 22 of thepin 12, when same is inserted into theintraosseous implant 11, is above the implant proper, forming a transmucosa connection. It extends conically starting from theshank 21 and then has a re-entry, which defines ashoulder 25, which is turned upwards, from which rises aportion 26 having the shape of a truncated pyramid, truncated cone, or the like. - Axially, the
intraplantar pin 12 is passed through along its entire length by a threadedhole 27, which is used both for screwing an extractor (not shown) thereto for extracting thepin 12 from theimplant 11 and for screwing thefastening screw 16 thereto as appears evident below. - The
cushioning ring 13 is shaped like a truncated pyramid-shaped or upside-down truncated cone-shaped cup for being joined to the truncated-pyramid-shaped or truncated-cone-shaped portion 26, covering same, and resting with aperipheral flange 13′ on theshoulder 25 at the base of the truncated-pyramid-shaped portion of the head of thepin 12. Thecap 14 is then arranged above thecushioning ring 13, has abasic notch 14′, which is joined to the ring and is fixed in place by means of thefastening screw 16 which is screwed into theaxial hole 27 of thepin 12 as shown in FIG. 2. The head of the fastening screw is embedded in the cap and acts on same with the interposition of thewasher 15. - A
calcinable element 28 applied to the cap and adental prosthesis 29 is also shown in FIG. 2 of the drawing. - In practice, the
support implant 11 is implanted in the bone to become integrated with same progressively, and subsequently, the intraplantar pin is inserted into thecavity 18 of the implant, at which it is blocked by means of theconical coupling cushioning ring 13 and thecap 14 are mounted by fixing them on the connection head of the pin by means of the fastening screw. Within the framework of the composition, thecushioning ring 13, thanks to its relative elasticity, permits the final prosthesis elastic movements, without directly loading the bone and basically reproducing conditions similar to those of a connection between a natural tooth and bone. - While a specific embodiment of the invention has been shown and described in detail to illustrate the application of the principles of the invention, it will be understood that the invention may be embodied otherwise without departing from such principles.
Claims (6)
1. An intraosseous dental implant prosthetic device comprising:
an intraosseous support implant with a blind cavity, which is open towards the top of the implant and has at least one internal zone with a conical surface; and
an intraplantar pin with a shank to be implanted and to be blocked in the cavity of the support implant and a transmucosa connection head lying above the implant, the shank having at least one conical external zone of forced coupling with the conical internal zone of the cavity of the support implant, a cap for a dental prosthesis being fixed to the connection head with the interposition of a semirigid cushioning ring.
2. A prosthetic device for dental implants in accordance with , wherein the connection head of the intraplantar pin extends conically from the shank, and then narrows, forming an annular shoulder turned upwards, and ends, above the shoulder, with a truncated-pyramid-shaped or truncated-cone-shaped portion, with the cushioning ring having a complementary truncated-pyramid or truncated-cone shape to be joined to and to cover the portion of the connection head, and they have a peripheral flange resting on the annular shoulder.
claim 1
3. A prosthetic device in accordance with the wherein the intraplantar pin is passed through axially by a threaded hole, the cap for the dental prosthesis being fixed to the intraplantar pin with an axial screw screwed into the threaded hole, with a washer being placed between the head of the screw and the cap.
claim 1
4. A prosthetic device in accordance with the wherein the intraplantar pin is passed through axially by a threaded hole, the cap for the dental prosthesis being fixed to the intraplantar pin with an axial screw screwed into the threaded hole, with a washer being placed between the head of the screw and the cap.
claim 2
5. A prosthetic device in accordance with , wherein the blind cavity of the support implant has a hexagonal hole on its bottom.
claim 1
6. A prosthetic device in accordance with , wherein the blind cavity of the support implant has a hexagonal hole on its bottom.
claim 2
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ITBS2000A000046 | 2000-05-10 | ||
IT2000BS000046A IT1314729B1 (en) | 2000-05-10 | 2000-05-10 | PROSTHETIC DEVICE FOR INTRA-BONE DENTAL IMPLANTS |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20010044095A1 true US20010044095A1 (en) | 2001-11-22 |
US6394808B2 US6394808B2 (en) | 2002-05-28 |
Family
ID=11440501
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/849,004 Expired - Lifetime US6394808B2 (en) | 2000-05-10 | 2001-05-07 | Prosthetic device for intraosseous dental implants |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6394808B2 (en) |
DE (1) | DE10122151B4 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2196953B1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2808670B1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2364917B (en) |
IT (1) | IT1314729B1 (en) |
Cited By (16)
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---|---|---|---|---|
WO2004091423A1 (en) * | 2003-04-17 | 2004-10-28 | Wolfgang Dinkelacker | Jaw implant |
US6843653B2 (en) | 2002-06-04 | 2005-01-18 | Joseph Carlton | Dental implant |
US20050266381A1 (en) * | 2001-08-10 | 2005-12-01 | Abarno Juan C | Split-implant and abutment system for dental reconstruction |
US20060008773A1 (en) * | 2004-07-08 | 2006-01-12 | Jung-Yen Liao | Titanium-mesh umbrella device for bone grafting |
US7303396B2 (en) * | 2001-08-10 | 2007-12-04 | Juan Carlos Abarno | Split implant for dental reconstruction |
WO2009107140A2 (en) * | 2008-02-27 | 2009-09-03 | Eliezer Bar Shalom | A dental abutment with a flat connection |
US20100167239A1 (en) * | 2006-11-20 | 2010-07-01 | Anthogyr | Impression device with impression-taking cap for dental prosthesis |
WO2010100163A3 (en) * | 2009-03-03 | 2010-11-04 | Tiziano Tealdo | Superstructure for a dental prosthesis system and corresponding fabrication method |
KR101089069B1 (en) | 2010-05-28 | 2011-12-05 | 주식회사 덴티스 | A connector and implant including the same |
US20120231419A1 (en) * | 2011-03-10 | 2012-09-13 | Megagen Implant Co., Ltd. | Dental implant fixture and implant system having the same |
CN104334114A (en) * | 2012-05-07 | 2015-02-04 | 朱建平 | Dental implant with cushion |
CN105792772A (en) * | 2013-11-01 | 2016-07-20 | 捷钛生医股份有限公司 | Double-cushioned dental implant |
JP2017505653A (en) * | 2014-02-11 | 2017-02-23 | ヘレウス・クルツァー・ゲーエムベーハー | Buffer insert for dental implant |
KR20210131600A (en) * | 2020-04-24 | 2021-11-03 | 이해용 | Coupling Assembly for Dental Implant Prosthesis |
EP4059469A1 (en) * | 2021-03-16 | 2022-09-21 | Anthogyr | Dental subassembly for individual prosthetic restoration of a tooth, and first element designed to be associated with it |
US11607294B2 (en) * | 2010-04-22 | 2023-03-21 | Megagen Implant Co., Ltd. | Fixture for a dental implant and an implant system comprising the same |
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EP1578229A2 (en) * | 2002-01-09 | 2005-09-28 | Lifetime Products, Inc. | Personal table |
BG64722B1 (en) * | 2003-05-16 | 2006-01-31 | Николай ПОПОВ | Device for fitting dental prosthesis implants |
KR100559993B1 (en) * | 2004-01-13 | 2006-03-13 | 주식회사 내이 | Abutment of implant system |
KR100540447B1 (en) * | 2004-02-20 | 2006-01-10 | (주) 코웰메디 | Crown type dental implant |
ES2342800B1 (en) * | 2007-11-06 | 2011-04-28 | Enrique CANDEL AMOROS | ASSEMBLY OF INTERNAL CONNECTION DENTAL IMPLANT. |
US8454363B2 (en) | 2008-11-06 | 2013-06-04 | William B. Worthington | Dental implant system |
WO2012040056A1 (en) | 2010-09-23 | 2012-03-29 | Biomet 3I, Llc | Dental abutment system |
ES2491016B1 (en) * | 2013-03-04 | 2015-10-13 | To Be Inside In Time, S.L. | DENTAL IMPLANT WITH ACTIVE OCLUSAL ADJUSTMENT |
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-
2000
- 2000-05-10 IT IT2000BS000046A patent/IT1314729B1/en active
-
2001
- 2001-05-05 GB GB0111123A patent/GB2364917B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-05-07 US US09/849,004 patent/US6394808B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-05-08 DE DE10122151A patent/DE10122151B4/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-05-09 ES ES200101064A patent/ES2196953B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-05-09 FR FR0106122A patent/FR2808670B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (27)
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US20050266381A1 (en) * | 2001-08-10 | 2005-12-01 | Abarno Juan C | Split-implant and abutment system for dental reconstruction |
US7264469B2 (en) | 2001-08-10 | 2007-09-04 | Juan Carlos Abarno | Split-implant and abutment system for dental reconstruction |
US7303396B2 (en) * | 2001-08-10 | 2007-12-04 | Juan Carlos Abarno | Split implant for dental reconstruction |
US6843653B2 (en) | 2002-06-04 | 2005-01-18 | Joseph Carlton | Dental implant |
WO2004091423A1 (en) * | 2003-04-17 | 2004-10-28 | Wolfgang Dinkelacker | Jaw implant |
US20060008773A1 (en) * | 2004-07-08 | 2006-01-12 | Jung-Yen Liao | Titanium-mesh umbrella device for bone grafting |
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WO2022195418A1 (en) | 2021-03-16 | 2022-09-22 | Anthogyr | Dental sub-assembly for individual prosthetic restoration of a tooth, and first element intended to be joined thereto |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ITBS20000046A0 (en) | 2000-05-10 |
US6394808B2 (en) | 2002-05-28 |
DE10122151A1 (en) | 2001-11-15 |
GB0111123D0 (en) | 2001-06-27 |
FR2808670A1 (en) | 2001-11-16 |
ES2196953B1 (en) | 2005-06-01 |
GB2364917B (en) | 2004-04-21 |
FR2808670B1 (en) | 2004-09-10 |
GB2364917A (en) | 2002-02-13 |
DE10122151B4 (en) | 2010-04-22 |
ITBS20000046A1 (en) | 2001-11-10 |
IT1314729B1 (en) | 2003-01-03 |
ES2196953A1 (en) | 2003-12-16 |
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