US20010039565A1 - Application computing environment - Google Patents
Application computing environment Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20010039565A1 US20010039565A1 US09/106,868 US10686898A US2001039565A1 US 20010039565 A1 US20010039565 A1 US 20010039565A1 US 10686898 A US10686898 A US 10686898A US 2001039565 A1 US2001039565 A1 US 2001039565A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- server
- service
- client
- application
- request
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
- G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
- G06F9/46—Multiprogramming arrangements
- G06F9/54—Interprogram communication
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/34—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications involving the movement of software or configuration parameters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/50—Network services
- H04L67/56—Provisioning of proxy services
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/50—Network services
- H04L67/56—Provisioning of proxy services
- H04L67/568—Storing data temporarily at an intermediate stage, e.g. caching
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2209/00—Indexing scheme relating to G06F9/00
- G06F2209/54—Indexing scheme relating to G06F9/54
- G06F2209/541—Client-server
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/50—Network services
- H04L67/56—Provisioning of proxy services
- H04L67/567—Integrating service provisioning from a plurality of service providers
Definitions
- This invention relates to computing systems, and more particularly to the architecture and environment for computing and applications executing therein.
- Computers are used to send and receive data using a transport mechanism or communications network.
- the Internet is one example of a transport mechanism and other examples include local area networks (LANs) and wide area networks (WANs).
- LANs local area networks
- WANs wide area networks
- a software application (a sender) that resides on one computer system can exchange information (e.g., corporate data or executable code) with a software application (a receiver) that resides on a remote computer system, for example.
- the exchange of information between computers typically occurs between a “server application” that provides information or services, and a “client application” that receives the provided information and services.
- a problem with existing server applications is that they must be pre-configured to include the information that they are to provide to a client application. Further, issues such as transmission efficiency and security are raised when information is exchanged between computers. Transmission inefficiencies are especially apparent where information is communicated over a long distance and/or lower speed or bandwidth lines. Further, where transmission is being received by a computer system, security measures are typically used to ensure that the transmitted information (e.g., program code) does not corrupt the computer system. Unfortunately, security measures can restrict access to the computer system's resources which can hinder an application's efficiency and usability.
- computing environments that use an application architecture initially developed for use with the Internet can be significantly affected by the type of medium used to form the Internet connection.
- the type of connection that a user has to the Internet can impact the speed at which information is transmitted.
- the application architecture that is typically used in the Internet environment is referred to as a three-tier application architecture, or three-tier architecture.
- the three-tier architecture was originally designed to allow a client to have access to data and applications.
- a client communicates requests to a server for data, software and services, for example.
- the three-tier architecture includes a database tier that includes a database server, an application tier that includes an application server and application logic (i.e., software application programs, functions, etc.), and a client tier.
- the application server responds to application requests (e.g., a request for a software applet, etc.) received from the client.
- the application server forwards data requests to the database server.
- the number of tiers that are required for an application may vary.
- a calculator application might only involve the client tier. That is, if the calculator application software and data are resident on the client, there is no need to access the application or database tiers.
- An application that makes use of persistent storage such as a word processing application and the documents created therein may involve both the client and the application tiers.
- An enterprise's application e.g., an accounting or personnel application may involve all three tiers as data that is used by the application may be stored in a database.
- FIG. 1 provides an overview of a three-tier architecture.
- Client tier 102 typically consists of a computer system that provides a graphic user interface (GUI) generated by browser 106 .
- GUI graphic user interface
- Browser 106 generates a display from a specification of GUI elements (e.g., a file containing input, form, and text elements defined using the Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) and/or by an applet (i.e., a program such as a program written using the Java programming language that runs when it is loaded by the browser).
- GUI elements e.g., a file containing input, form, and text elements defined using the Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
- applet i.e., a program such as a program written using the Java programming language that runs when it is loaded by the browser.
- Application server 110 is pre-configured to include those applications that are needed by its clients. In an effort to keep the size of the client minimal or “thin,” applets that are executed in client tier 102 generally do not include any significant application logic. Application server 110 is pre-configured to include the application logic that is not included in client tier 102 . The majority of an application's functionality is performed by the application logic that resides on and is managed by application server 110 in application tier 116 . Database tier 118 contains the data that is accessed by the application logic in application tier 116 . Database server 112 manages the data, its structure and the operations that can be performed on the data and/or its structure.
- Application server 110 and database server 112 reside in production data center 108 .
- Application server 110 can be pre-configured with applications such as a corporation's accounting, personnel and payroll applications, for example.
- Application server 110 manages requests directed to the applications that are stored on application server 110 .
- Database server 112 manages the database(s) that manage data for applications. Database server 112 responds to request to access the accounting, personnel and payroll applications' data, for example.
- Connection 104 is used to transfer the graphical user interface layer to client tier 102 and to transmit enterprise data between client tier 102 and production data center 108 .
- the client tier can communicate with the application tier via a Remote Method Invocation (RMI) application programming interface (API) available from Sun Microsystems.
- RMI Remote Method Invocation
- API application programming interface
- the RMI API provides the ability to invoke methods, or software modules, that reside on another computer system. Parameters are packaged (or marshalled) and unpackaged (or unmarshalled) for transmittal to and from the client tier.
- Connection 114 represents the transmission of requests for data and the responses to such requests from applications that reside in application server 110 .
- production data center 108 is located at a centralized site.
- applications can be centrally managed such that updates can be made and a standardized application base can be provided to users.
- an application's users can be spread across a wide geographical area.
- client tier 102 is not necessarily located at the same site or proximately connected to application server 110 (e.g., via a local area network, or LAN).
- Information may be transmitted, for example, via a wide area network (WAN) or the Internet that involve remote transmissions (e.g., overseas) and lower bandwidth communication technologies (e.g., modem) which can result in unacceptable transmission times. Transmission times are of concern since both data and application code may be transmitted between client tier 102 and application server 110 in the three-tier architecture.
- WAN wide area network
- modem lower bandwidth communication technologies
- the three-tier architecture can be used with various types of networks (e.g., Internet and intranet).
- client tier 102 communicates with production data center 108 via browser 106 which issues a request of application server 110 .
- the client can request a resource that is identified by a uniform resource locator (URL) designation.
- URL can identify a page definition (e.g., an HTML document) that browser 106 uses to generate a display, or the URL can identify an applet (i.e., executable program code) which is run inside browser 106 ).
- the information that is represented by a URL is downloaded to client tier 102 .
- client tier 102 The information that is represented by a URL is downloaded to client tier 102 .
- the downloading process is inefficient when application server 110 is remote and/or slower transmission rates are used.
- Security measures adopted for use with the application architecture limit the applications that have been developed according to this architecture. For example, an application's efficiency and/or usability can be impacted as a result of security measures. Further, there are issues of security concerning the transmission of information. From the perspective of client tier 102 , for example, it is necessary to ensure that the information that is being received is “trusted.” That is, it is important to ensure that client tier 102 is not corrupted by unauthorized software executing in client tier 102 . Further, it is important to ensure that a client that attempts to access production data center 108 can be trusted with the corporation's data and applications.
- client tier 102 executes only those applets that have been received from a known and trusted source (e.g., production data center 108 ).
- a level of trust can be achieved between a client tier 102 and production data center 108 such that data and applets can be transmitted freely between client tier 102 and production data center 108 .
- Browser 106 may request an applet from a source other than production data center 108 , for example. If an applet is allowed to execute unchecked in client tier 102 , it introduces the potential for serious breaches of security and/or malicious access to the data and resources.
- sandbox security model limits the access given to applets from an “untrusted” (i.e., unknown) source to only its namespace (e.g., operating system-assigned boundaries of a program such as the addressable memory).
- An “untrusted” applet or software program is allowed to access only memory or other computer resources that are in its namespace. By limiting an “untrusted” applet to its own namespace, the applet can be prohibited from modifying areas of memory assigned to other applets or applications, for example.
- an applet may be prohibited from establishing a connection to (and/or downloading code from) a server (e.g., file or printer servers) other than the one from which it was retrieved.
- Client tier 102 may be forced to access another server via application server 110 .
- client tier 102 sends the request to application server 110 which forwards the request to the file server. This is inefficient particularly when the file server adjacent to client tier 102 .
- printing is accomplished by displaying material to be printed in browser 106 and relying on the user to print the material using the print functionality available in browser 106 .
- Another security approach uses signatures or other forms of certification to certify that an applet is from a known source.
- An “untrusted” applet can become a “trusted” applet, if its digital signature can be verified by, for example, client tier 102 .
- Verification can be accomplished with digital signatures using a public key/private key encryption technique.
- the recipient of the information e.g., client tier 102
- Signed applet support is not provided by all clients. To support digitally signed applets, it is necessary for client tier 102 to include the ability to verify the signature. Many currently available browsers do not have such a capability.
- each application must log in to application server 110 separately. There is no ability to store user information (e.g., profile information) in client tier 102 or elsewhere so that it can be used for subsequent applications.
- user information e.g., profile information
- One or more embodiments of the invention comprise a computing environment that offers a level of decentralization wherein application code resident on a remote application server can be distributed to a local server, or local application server, that services a client.
- a local application server can be dynamically configured to serve its clients based on requests for application code and/or services.
- application code that is downloaded to a client from the local application server can be trusted such that access to the local application server's resources can be given to the downloaded application code. Efficiencies can be achieved for the transmission of information.
- the local application server can be configured dynamically (e.g., as needed) in response to requests. For example, there is no need to install application code or services on the local application server in anticipation of a request. If the local application server is not configured to handle a request, the local application server dynamically configures itself to satisfy the request.
- a request for information, such as application code (e.g., an applet) by a client can be serviced by the local application server with its existing configuration or a new configuration. If the local application server's configuration includes the requested application code, the local application server satisfies the request using its existing configuration. If the local application server's configuration does not include the requested application code, the local application server attempts to locate the requested application code (e.g., from another application server). When the requested application code is located, it is transferred to the local application server. The local application server retains a copy of the application code and forwards a copy to the client. Thus, if a subsequent request is made for the application code, it can be satisfied by the local application server (without accessing another application server).
- application code e.g., an applet
- the local application server can further be dynamically configured with services that can satisfy a client request.
- a service request is received from the client, the local application server attempts to satisfy the request using a service that resides on the local application server. If the requested service is resident on the local application server, the local application server forwards the request to the service. There is no need to reconfigure the local application server.
- the local application server determines whether the service resides elsewhere (e.g., on another server). If the local application server finds the service, it determines whether the service can be acquired from its current location. If so, the service is copied to the local application server and is used to satisfy the client's request.
- the local application server establishes a proxy for the service.
- the proxy resides on the local application server and forwards the client request to the service that resides on the other application server. If a response is generated by the service, the response is sent to the proxy on the local application server and forwarded to the client.
- the client need not be aware of the service's actual location. The client is unaware that the requested service does not reside on the local application server.
- the local application server includes an application locator, a service locator, a download service and none or more local services.
- the application and service locators are used by the local application server to locate application code and services (respectively) when a request is made that cannot be satisfied using the local application server's current configuration. Services that are downloaded to the local application server can be used by the local application server to satisfy a request.
- the local application server can be configured with proxy services as needed.
- a proxy service acts a proxy for a service that resides elsewhere (e.g., on another server).
- a proxy service is used when, for example, a service cannot be transferred to the local application server.
- a service request is forwarded by the proxy service to the service.
- the service sends a response, if any, to the proxy service for forwarding to the requester.
- the local application server can be configured with application software as needed.
- the local application server can obtain the application code, if it does not already have the requested application code.
- Application code that is acquired by the local application server is retained and can be used to satisfy a subsequent request for the application code, if any.
- the local application server can be configured to include local services such as print, file, login or profile services that can be shared by multiple applications. Where the local application is configured to include local services, a client request for a local service is forwarded by the local application server to the local service.
- local services such as print, file, login or profile services that can be shared by multiple applications.
- One such local service allows a client to log in to the local application server.
- the client establishes its identity which is stored on the local application server and can be used for multiple applications and information requests.
- the local server generates a credential for the client that can be used to authorize access to any application server and/or service requested by the client.
- FIG. 1 provides a block diagram of a three-tier computing architecture.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an embodiment of a computer system capable of providing a suitable execution environment for an embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 3 is provides a block diagram of a four-tier architecture according to one or more embodiments of the invention.
- FIG. 4A illustrates a portion of a four-tier architecture with localized servers accessing application servers according to an embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 4B illustrates a four-tier architecture with localized servers according to an embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 5 provides an illustration of a webtop server according to an embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 6 illustrates the use of proxies for connecting multiple clients to multiple servers according to an embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 7 provides a application software acquisition process according to an embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 8 provides a service acquisition process according to an embodiment of the invention.
- An embodiment of the invention can be implemented as computer software in the form of computer readable program code executed on a general purpose computer such as computer 200 illustrated in FIG. 2.
- a keyboard 210 and mouse 211 are coupled to a bi-directional system bus 218 .
- the keyboard and mouse are for introducing user input to the computer system and communicating that user input to processor 213 .
- Other suitable input devices may be used in addition to, or in place of, the mouse 211 and keyboard 210 .
- I/O (input/output) unit 219 coupled to bi-directional system bus 218 represents such I/O elements as a printer, A/V (audio/video) I/O, etc.
- Computer 200 includes a video memory 214 , main memory 215 and mass storage 212 , all coupled to bi-directional system bus 218 along with keyboard 210 , mouse 211 and processor 213 .
- the mass storage 212 may include both fixed and removable media, such as magnetic, optical or magnetic optical storage systems or any other available mass storage technology.
- Bus 218 may contain, for example, thirty-two address lines for addressing video memory 214 or main memory 215 .
- the system bus 218 also includes, for example, a 32-bit data bus for transferring data between and among the components, such as processor 213 , main memory 215 , video memory 214 and mass storage 212 .
- multiplex data/address lines may be used instead of separate data and address lines.
- the processor 213 is a microprocessor manufactured by Motorola, such as the 680X0 processor or a microprocessor manufactured by Intel, such as the 80X86, or Pentium processor, or a SPARC microprocessor from Sun Microsystems, Inc.
- Main memory 215 is comprised of dynamic random access memory (DRAM).
- Video memory 214 is a dual-ported video random access memory. One port of the video memory 214 is coupled to video amplifier 216 .
- the video amplifier 216 is used to drive the cathode ray tube (CRT) raster monitor 217 .
- Video amplifier 216 is well known in the art and may be implemented by any suitable apparatus. This circuitry converts pixel data stored in video memory 214 to a raster signal suitable for use by monitor 217 .
- Monitor 217 is a type of monitor suitable for displaying graphic images.
- Computer 200 may also include a communication interface 220 coupled to bus 218 .
- Communication interface 220 provides a two-way data communication coupling via a network link 221 to a local network 222 .
- ISDN integrated services digital network
- communication interface 220 provides a data communication connection to the corresponding type of telephone line, which comprises part of network link 221 .
- LAN local area network
- communication interface 220 provides a data communication connection via network link 221 to a compatible LAN.
- Wireless links are also possible.
- communication interface 220 sends and receives electrical, electromagnetic or optical signals which carry digital data streams representing various types of information.
- Network link 221 typically provides data communication through one or more networks to other data devices.
- network link 221 may provide a connection through local network 222 to host computer 223 or to data equipment operated by an Internet Service Provider (ISP) 224 .
- ISP 224 in turn provides data communication services through the world wide packet data communication network now commonly referred to as the “Internet” 225 .
- Internet 225 uses electrical, electromagnetic or optical signals which carry digital data streams.
- the signals through the various networks and the signals on network link 221 and through communication interface 220 which carry the digital data to and from computer 200 , are exemplary forms of carrier waves transporting the information.
- Computer 200 can send messages and receive data, including program code, through the network(s), network link 221 , and communication interface 220 .
- server 226 might transmit a requested code for an application program through Internet 225 , ISP 224 , local network 222 and communication interface 220 .
- one such downloaded application is the application computing environment described herein.
- the received code may be executed by processor 213 as it is received, and/or stored in mass storage 212 , or other non-volatile storage for later execution. In this manner, computer 200 may obtain application code by way of a carrier wave.
- Application code may be embodied in any form of computer program product.
- a computer program product comprises a medium configured to store or transport computer readable code, or in which computer readable code may be embedded.
- Some examples of computer program products are CD-ROM disks, ROM cards, floppy disks, magnetic tapes, computer hard drives, servers on a network, and carrier waves.
- One or more embodiments of the invention comprise a computing environment that offers a level of decentralization wherein information needed by a client can be cached at local application servers referred to as webtop servers.
- a webtop server can be. for example, an instance of computer 200 .
- Webtop servers also provide access to local and remote network services.
- a client accesses a webtop server instead of a remote server such as, for example, application server 110 that resides in production data center 108 of FIG. 1.
- a webtop server is included in a four-tier application architecture (or four-tier architecture) as illustrated in FIG. 3.
- client tier 302 provides a graphic user interface (GUI).
- GUI graphic user interface
- the GUI can be written as a Java applet which runs from browser 106 or any Java enabled environment such as is provided on network computers.
- Browser 106 runs in client tier 302 which is comprised of an instance of computer 200 in an embodiment of the invention.
- the software program functionality or logic that is executed in client tier 302 can be minimized to limit the size of the programs that must be transmitted to client tier 302 . This facilitates the deployment of client software to the clients that implement client tier 306 .
- Application server 310 resides in application server tier 316 .
- Application server 310 manages requests for application logic and is responsible for database transaction handling with database server 312 that is in database tier 318 .
- Database server 112 is responsible for storing application data in a persistent store such as a relational database (RDB) or an object-oriented database (OODB), for example.
- Database server 112 responds to a request to access accounting, personnel and payroll applications' data, for example.
- application server 310 and database server 312 are instances of computer 200 .
- Application server 310 and database server 312 can be resident in a production data center that is remote to a client in client tier 302 .
- a client in client tier 302 communicates its requests to webtop server 308 in webtop server tier 320 .
- Webtop server 308 can support multiple clients.
- Webtop server 308 caches applets and/or static data that are needed by a client. Further, webtop server 308 manages services which provide access to network resources need by a client (e.g., file system and printer resources).
- communication link 322 between a client in client tier 302 and webtop server 308 uses both the Hypertext Transmission Protocol (HTTP) and Remote Method Invocation (RMI).
- HTTP Hypertext Transmission Protocol
- RMI Remote Method Invocation
- communication link 324 between webtop server 308 and application server 310 uses both HTTP and RMI. It should be apparent, however, to one of ordinary skill in the art that other communication techniques and/or protocols can be used for communication links 322 and 324 .
- communication link 322 between application server 310 and database server 312 uses a Java Database Connectivity (JDBC) Application Program Interface (API) that is available from Sun Microsystems, Inc. It should be apparent, however, to one of ordinary skill in the art that other database interfaces can be used for communication link 326 .
- JDBC Java Database Connectivity
- API Application Program Interface
- Webtop server 308 caches data and applets for use by a client.
- webtop server 308 retrieves and stores the program software from application server 310 . Subsequent requests for the application software can be satisfied using the program software stored in webtop server 308 .
- the program software is written as Java applets
- webtop server 308 becomes the applet-host once the applets are transferred from application server 310 .
- the applet can communicate back to webtop server 308 as the host of that applet thereby satisfying the sandbox security paradigm.
- a servlet is a software program that is written in the Java programming language and runs on a server.
- a servlet can be invoked by a client via a name or a URL, for example.
- Servlets can be used to write application services that comprise application server tier 316 , for example.
- An applet running on a client requests the handle for a servlet (e.g., a URL) from webtop server 308 . If the servlet does not already reside at webtop server 308 , webtop server 308 can obtain the servlet from application server 310 and send the service's handle to the client.
- the servlet can either satisfy the request locally or forward the request (or some portion of it) to another service.
- file system and printing requests can be handled by services that reside on webtop server 308 .
- FIG. 4A illustrates a portion of the four-tier architecture with localized servers accessing application servers according to an embodiment of the invention.
- the server with which a client interfaces can be located more conveniently and proximately located to the client.
- Application servers 404 A- 404 C are resident in production data center 402 which can be located in a remote geographic location with regard to clients 410 A- 410 C, 420 A- 420 C and 430 A- 430 C. It should be apparent that application servers 404 A- 404 C can reside at the same or separate data centers, however.
- Clients 410 A- 410 C, 420 A- 420 C and 430 A- 430 C reside at sites 406 , 416 and 426 (respectively). Using embodiments of the invention, it is unnecessary for sites 406 , 416 and 426 and their clients 410 A- 410 C, 420 A- 420 C and 430 A- 430 C to be proximately located with reference to production data center 402 .
- Webtop servers 408 , 418 and 428 reside at sites 406 , 416 and 426 (respectively) and are dynamically configured to handles requests such as those received from clients 410 A- 410 C, 420 A- 420 C and 430 A- 430 C.
- Application software and services requested by clients 410 A- 410 C, 420 A- 420 C and 430 A- 430 C can reside on webtop servers 408 , 418 and 428 respectively.
- Webtop server 408 can reside in the same building or campus as clients 410 A- 410 C, for example.
- webtop servers 418 and 428 can be proximately located to clients 420 A- 420 C and 430 A- 430 C, respectively.
- Clients 410 A- 410 C, 420 A- 420 C and 430 A- 430 C interact with webtop servers 408 , 418 and 428 , respectively.
- the webtop server can obtain the request software or service from the production data center 402 .
- the software can be downloaded to the client without interfacing with production data center 402 .
- a service that is resident on a webtop server can be used to satisfy a client's request for that service.
- the need to access application servers 404 A- 404 C in production data center 402 is minimized. This is advantageous particularly when an inefficient mode of communication would otherwise need to be used between production data center 402 and clients 410 A- 410 C, 420 A- 420 C and 430 A- 430 C.
- FIG. 4B illustrates a four-tier architecture with localized servers according to an embodiment of the invention.
- Production data center 402 comprises application servers 404 A- 404 C and database servers 414 A- 414 C. While application servers 404 A- 404 C and database servers 414 A- 414 C are depicted as residing at the same production data center (i.e., production data center 402 ), it should be apparent that application servers 404 A- 404 C and database servers 414 A- 414 C can reside at separate instances of production data center 402 .
- Application servers 404 A- 404 C forward requests for stored data (e.g., stored in a database) to database servers 414 A- 414 C.
- a response received from one of database servers 414 A- 414 C is forwarded by one of application servers 404 A- 404 C.
- Webtop server 408 forwards the request to one of the application servers at production center 402 (e.g., application server 404 A).
- Application server 404 A forwards the request to the appropriate database server (e.g., database server 414 A).
- Database server 414 A processes the request and responds with the requested data (or an error), for example.
- the response is forwarded to client 410 A via application server 404 A and webtop server 408 .
- Webtop server 308 includes a service locator, cached applets and servlets, and local services. Examples of local services include file system, print, login and profile services which will be discussed in more detail below.
- FIG. 5 provides an illustration of a webtop server according to an embodiment of the invention.
- webtop server 308 includes application locator 502 , download service 504 , service locator 506 , proxy services manager 510 , local services 512 (e.g., file service 514 A, print service 514 B, login service 514 C, and profile service 514 D) and application software 516 .
- Application software 516 comprises software that is cached at webtop server 308 . The following provides a discussion of components of webtop server 308 .
- a login service (e.g., login service 514 C) runs on webtop server 308 to log in a client and verify the client's login information (e.g., login identification and password).
- Login service 514 C can further create a cookie to track the client session.
- a cookie is, for example, an item or items of information that is stored on the client and accessed by software that is running on the client (e.g., a browser).
- a cookie is typically stored as a text file, however, it can be retained using other storage mechanisms.
- login service 514 C maintains, on webtop server 308 , the client's profile that contains information about the client.
- Profile service 514 D examines the profile to obtain information about the client.
- profile service 514 D can examine a client's profile to determine whether the client is able to connect to other systems on the network from an applet which is downloaded from webtop server 308 . This occurs when, for example, the client trusts webtop server 308 as a trusted server.
- a client's profile can further include, for example, an identification of the protocols (e.g., RMI) supported by the client.
- RMI an identification of the protocols
- Profile service 514 D can examine a client's profile information to identify and create a start page (e.g., an initial page that displays in client tier 102 ) once the client has successfully logged in.
- the initial screen is transmitted to client tier 302 for display by browser 306 in client tier 302 .
- login service 514 C is used to generate a credential that can be used on behalf of the client to verify the client to an application or network service.
- the credential is sent to the application or network server.
- the application or network server trusts the credential generated by login service 514 C after verifying the signatures of login service 514 C.
- the credential can be used to enable a client to enter a single login for all of the applications and/or network services that it accesses.
- Login service 514 C generates a credential certificate upon request of the client. It is not necessary for the credential certificate to contain the client's password.
- the credential certificate is sent by the applet to the network service or application. The network service or application verifies the signature(s) generated by login service 514 C using the credential certificate.
- Application locator 502 is used in one or more embodiments of the invention to locate application program software (e.g., applets).
- Application software that is not already cached on webtop server 308 is stored on an application server (e.g., application server 310 ) that is typically located in a central production center.
- Application locator 502 consults a directory to locate the application server that contains the requested application software. Once the applet is located, download service 504 acquires the application software for storage on webtop server 308 .
- the application software that is stored on webtop server 308 can be downloaded to client tier 302 from webtop server 308 .
- Webtop server 308 becomes the host server for the application software that is downloaded to client tier 302 .
- the application software executing on the client can send requests to webtop server 308 .
- Application locator 502 can further verify that the application software that is cached on webtop server 308 is the current version of the software.
- a broadcast message technique can be used as an alternative to webtop server 308 examining the directory to determine whether it has the most recent version of application software. For example, when an applet is changed, a broadcast message can be sent across the network. The broadcast message can be sent out to all instances of webtop server 308 or only those instances that have registered to receive such a message. When a broadcast message is received by webtop server 308 , it can respond by obtaining the new version. Download service 504 can respond by acquiring the changed application software from the application server on which the newer version resides for storage on webtop server 308 , for example.
- application server 310 can notify webtop server 308 when a change occurs in application code.
- webtop server 308 can contact application server 310 to determine whether the application code has been updated.
- Application server 310 can keep track of all changes to application software.
- application server 310 examines its set of changes and respond to webtop server 308 . If application server 310 indicates that application code has changed, webtop server 308 can request an updated copy of the application code.
- the client need only reference application locator 502 on webtop server 308 and identify the requested application software by name, for example. There is no need for the client to remember a URL for the requested application software.
- Application locator 502 accesses the directory to translate the name provided by the client into a identifier (e.g., a URL) for the application software.
- Application software that is running on a client can request a service (e.g., file system or print services).
- a service request is received by webtop server 308
- service locator 506 is used in one or more embodiments of the invention to locate a local or network service to satisfy the request. It is not necessary for the application software to be aware of the location of the network or local service. Thus, a network or local service can be moved without impacting the applet code.
- an applet (or other application software) running in client tier 302 submits a request for a service via communication link 322 .
- the request is received by service locator 506 which proceeds to find the requested service.
- download service 504 acquires the service from the server on which it resides. If not, service locator 506 acquires a proxy on webtop server 308 that acts as a conduit for transmissions between the client and the requested service.
- services are written in the Java programming language and are referred to as servlets.
- a Java Servlet API is available from Sun Microsystems, Inc. that includes abstract classes that can be subclassed to create a servlet.
- service locator 506 can choose based on each service's respective loads. Thus, service locator 506 can perform load balancing across the services. A discussion of load balancing is provided below.
- Service locator 506 and application locator 502 locate a service (or services) and application code (respectively) when webtop server 308 's current configuration cannot satisfy a request.
- a directory service can be accessed, for example, to locate a service or an application's program code.
- a directory service can be centrally located or distributed at various geographical areas.
- a distributed directory service can comprise entries for all geographical areas, or those for a particular area.
- a replication mechanism can be used to replicate entries to each of the distributed directory services such that each directory service comprises all entries, for example.
- a directory service receives and processes locator requests.
- a directory service maintains a store of information that contains an entry for each service or application code that is registered with the directory service. This store is referred to herein as a directory.
- a directory When a new service or application is installed, an entry is added to the directory by the directory service. Entries can also be deleted from the directory when, for example, a service or application is no longer available.
- a directory entry associates a service name with the location of the service.
- a directory entry can identify an application's program code by its name.
- the location can be expressed in terms of a URL in one or more embodiments of the invention.
- Service locator 506 or application locator 502 queries the directory service using the name of the service or application (respectively).
- the directory service queries the directory for a service or application code with that name.
- the directory service returns the location of the service(s) or application code, or an error, if the directory does not contain an entry with the name.
- a service cannot be transferred to webtop server 308 .
- webtop server 308 can transfer a proxy for the service.
- a service may, for example, process secure information and must therefore be executed in a secure environment such as application server 310 .
- the service's proxy forwards the client's request to the service that is running on application server 310 .
- webtop server 308 creates a handle for the proxy.
- the proxy's handle is forwarded to the client.
- the client is unaware that the handle is to a proxy and not the actual service.
- the client submits a request to the service via the service's proxy using the proxy's handle.
- the request is received by webtop server 208 , it is given to the service's proxy.
- the service's proxy forwards the request to the service.
- the service If the service generates a response to the request that is to be transmitted back to the client via the proxy.
- the service sends the response to the proxy on webtop server 308 .
- the proxy forwards the response to the client.
- FIG. 6 illustrates the use of proxies for connecting multiple clients to multiple servers according to an embodiment of the invention.
- Proxy services 604 of webtop server 308 comprises proxies that can act as a conduit for communications between multiple clients and multiple application servers. That is, for example, a proxy can connect clients 602 A- 602 C and applications servers 610 A- 610 C. Further, proxy services 604 can be used to connect clients to servers other than application servers 610 A- 610 C. Thus, clients can use services that reside on different servers. Clients 602 A- 602 C can access services on servers 606 A- 606 C, for example.
- a credential certificate generated by login service 514 C can be sent to a network service (e.g., services 608 A- 608 B).
- the network service trusts the credentials supplied by login service 514 C after it verifies the signatures of login service 514 C.
- the client need only enter a single login (i.e., with login service 514 C) to access multiple applications and network services.
- Services that are resident on webtop server 308 are local services.
- local services are those services that permanently reside on webtop server 308 , or are copied to webtop server 308 in response to a request by the client.
- login service 514 C and profile service 514 D are examples of services that typically reside permanently on webtop server 308 . If these or other services are not resident on webtop server 308 , they may be transferable to webtop server 308 as described herein.
- Other examples of local services are file service 514 A and print service 514 B.
- a client forwards a request for a handle to a service to webtop server 308 . If the service is local to webtop server 308 , the handle is forwarded by webtop server 308 to client. The client can access the service using the handle. Responses generated by a local service are forwarded by webtop server 308 to the client.
- Service locator 506 and proxy services 510 can perform load balancing according to an embodiment of the invention. Where service locator 506 is aware of more than one service that is capable of satisfying a service request, service locator 506 can balance the processing load between the services. For example, service locator 506 can select a service based on which of the services received the last request. That is, service locator 506 can assign requests to each of services in a sequential, cyclical manner (e.g., a round robin assignment) to balance the load across all of the services that are capable of satisfying the service request.
- a sequential, cyclical manner e.g., a round robin assignment
- proxy services 510 may be aware of multiple services that can satisfy a request. Proxy services 510 can act as the proxy for multiple services. Therefore, proxy services 510 can distribute service requests to the services for which it acts as a proxy to balance the request processing load. For example, proxy services 510 can assign service requests using a round robin technique.
- Application software and services can reside on webtop server 308 for local access by a client. If the application software and/or services do not already reside on webtop server 308 , they can be downloaded for use by the client.
- FIGS. 7 and 8 provide process flows for acquiring the application software and services, respectively, according to embodiments of the invention.
- a request for application software is received from the client at step 702 .
- webtop server 308 determines whether the software is cached on the server. If so, processing continues at step 712 to send the requested application software to the client and processing of the software request ends at step 714 .
- Webtop server 308 consults an information base (e.g., database or other repository of information) that can reside at a local, regional or centralized site, for example, to determine the location of the requested software.
- the client identifies the requested software by name, for example. It is not necessary for the client to know the exact location of the requested software. However, if the location is known by the client (e.g., in the form of a URL), the client can submit this information to webtop server 308 .
- webtop server 308 uses the location information obtained for the requested software to send a request to the application server on which the requested software resides (application server 310 ). If necessary, webtop server 308 can provide a credential so that the request can be verified by the application server. At step 710 , the application software that is transferred from the application server is cached on webtop server 308 . At step 712 , the requested application software is forwarded to the client and processing of the software request ends at step 714 .
- the client can request a service (e.g., print or file service). If the service is local to webtop server 308 , a handle for the service can be sent to the client. If the service is not local, webtop server 308 attempts to download the service for use locally by the client. If the service cannot be obtained or there is no gain (e.g., efficiency gain), webtop server 308 obtains a proxy for the service and a proxy handle is sent to the client.
- FIG. 8 provides a service acquisition process according to an embodiment of the invention.
- a request for a service handle is received from the client.
- webtop server 308 determines whether the service is already local (or resident on webtop server 308 ). If so, processing continues at step 814 to return a handle for the service to the client and processing of the service request ends at step 816 .
- Webtop server 308 consults an information base (e.g., database or other repository of information) that resides at a local, regional or centralized site, for example, to determine the location of the requested service.
- an information base e.g., database or other repository of information
- a handle to the service of the service's proxy is sent to the client. Processing of the service request ends at step 816 .
- a security model is implemented whereby an applet's status as trusted or untrusted indicates the degree of access to resources given to the applet.
- An untrusted applet is limited to its own namespace, for example.
- a trusted applet can have access to resources (e.g., memory) outside of its namespace. Since servlets (like applets) can be copied from trusted servers as well as untrusted servers, a security approach can be used to ensure that servlets cannot cause harm to computer resources.
- webtop server 308 limits the acquisition of servlets such that servlets are only obtained from trusted servers.
- a servlet that is obtained from a trusted server is considered to be a trusted servlet and may be given access outside the sandbox (e.g., outside of its own namespace).
- webtop server 308 allows servlets to be obtained from both trusted and untrusted servers.
- webtop server 308 can require that a servlet obtained from an untrusted server be signed with a signature of an authorized person. The signature is verified before the servlet is considered to be a trusted servlet. If a servlet is obtained from an untrusted server, it is considered to be untrusted unless it has a signature that has been verified.
- an untrusted servlet is limited, in its access, to its own namespace. That is, an untrusted servlet is run inside the sandbox.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Software Systems (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Information Transfer Between Computers (AREA)
- Stored Programmes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- Portions of the disclosure of this patent document may contain material that is subject to copyright protection. The copyright owner has no objection to the facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent document or the patent disclosure as it appears in the Patent and Trademark Office file or records, but otherwise reserves all copyright rights whatsoever. Sun, Sun Microsystems, the Sun logo, SPARC, Java, JavaBeans and all Java-based trademarks and logos are trademarks or registered trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the United States and other countries.
- This invention relates to computing systems, and more particularly to the architecture and environment for computing and applications executing therein.
- Computers are used to send and receive data using a transport mechanism or communications network. The Internet is one example of a transport mechanism and other examples include local area networks (LANs) and wide area networks (WANs). Using a network, a software application (a sender) that resides on one computer system can exchange information (e.g., corporate data or executable code) with a software application (a receiver) that resides on a remote computer system, for example. The exchange of information between computers typically occurs between a “server application” that provides information or services, and a “client application” that receives the provided information and services.
- A problem with existing server applications is that they must be pre-configured to include the information that they are to provide to a client application. Further, issues such as transmission efficiency and security are raised when information is exchanged between computers. Transmission inefficiencies are especially apparent where information is communicated over a long distance and/or lower speed or bandwidth lines. Further, where transmission is being received by a computer system, security measures are typically used to ensure that the transmitted information (e.g., program code) does not corrupt the computer system. Unfortunately, security measures can restrict access to the computer system's resources which can hinder an application's efficiency and usability.
- As will be discussed below, computing environments that use an application architecture initially developed for use with the Internet can be significantly affected by the type of medium used to form the Internet connection. The type of connection that a user has to the Internet can impact the speed at which information is transmitted.
- The application architecture that is typically used in the Internet environment is referred to as a three-tier application architecture, or three-tier architecture. The three-tier architecture was originally designed to allow a client to have access to data and applications. In this architecture, a client communicates requests to a server for data, software and services, for example. The three-tier architecture includes a database tier that includes a database server, an application tier that includes an application server and application logic (i.e., software application programs, functions, etc.), and a client tier. The application server responds to application requests (e.g., a request for a software applet, etc.) received from the client. The application server forwards data requests to the database server.
- The number of tiers that are required for an application may vary. For example, a calculator application might only involve the client tier. That is, if the calculator application software and data are resident on the client, there is no need to access the application or database tiers. An application that makes use of persistent storage such as a word processing application and the documents created therein may involve both the client and the application tiers. An enterprise's application (e.g., an accounting or personnel) application may involve all three tiers as data that is used by the application may be stored in a database.
- FIG. 1 provides an overview of a three-tier architecture.
Client tier 102 typically consists of a computer system that provides a graphic user interface (GUI) generated bybrowser 106.Browser 106 generates a display from a specification of GUI elements (e.g., a file containing input, form, and text elements defined using the Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) and/or by an applet (i.e., a program such as a program written using the Java programming language that runs when it is loaded by the browser). -
Application server 110 is pre-configured to include those applications that are needed by its clients. In an effort to keep the size of the client minimal or “thin,” applets that are executed inclient tier 102 generally do not include any significant application logic.Application server 110 is pre-configured to include the application logic that is not included inclient tier 102. The majority of an application's functionality is performed by the application logic that resides on and is managed byapplication server 110 inapplication tier 116.Database tier 118 contains the data that is accessed by the application logic inapplication tier 116.Database server 112 manages the data, its structure and the operations that can be performed on the data and/or its structure. -
Application server 110 anddatabase server 112 reside inproduction data center 108.Application server 110 can be pre-configured with applications such as a corporation's accounting, personnel and payroll applications, for example.Application server 110 manages requests directed to the applications that are stored onapplication server 110.Database server 112 manages the database(s) that manage data for applications.Database server 112 responds to request to access the accounting, personnel and payroll applications' data, for example. -
Connection 104 is used to transfer the graphical user interface layer toclient tier 102 and to transmit enterprise data betweenclient tier 102 andproduction data center 108. The client tier can communicate with the application tier via a Remote Method Invocation (RMI) application programming interface (API) available from Sun Microsystems. The RMI API provides the ability to invoke methods, or software modules, that reside on another computer system. Parameters are packaged (or marshalled) and unpackaged (or unmarshalled) for transmittal to and from the client tier.Connection 114 represents the transmission of requests for data and the responses to such requests from applications that reside inapplication server 110. - In a typical computing environment,
production data center 108 is located at a centralized site. In this way, applications can be centrally managed such that updates can be made and a standardized application base can be provided to users. However, an application's users can be spread across a wide geographical area. Thus,client tier 102 is not necessarily located at the same site or proximately connected to application server 110 (e.g., via a local area network, or LAN). Information may be transmitted, for example, via a wide area network (WAN) or the Internet that involve remote transmissions (e.g., overseas) and lower bandwidth communication technologies (e.g., modem) which can result in unacceptable transmission times. Transmission times are of concern since both data and application code may be transmitted betweenclient tier 102 andapplication server 110 in the three-tier architecture. - The three-tier architecture can be used with various types of networks (e.g., Internet and intranet). Typically,
client tier 102 communicates withproduction data center 108 viabrowser 106 which issues a request ofapplication server 110. The client can request a resource that is identified by a uniform resource locator (URL) designation. For example, the URL can identify a page definition (e.g., an HTML document) thatbrowser 106 uses to generate a display, or the URL can identify an applet (i.e., executable program code) which is run inside browser 106). - The information that is represented by a URL is downloaded to
client tier 102. Thus, if a corporate application requires multiple downloads (e.g., multiple page definitions and/or applets) to run withinclient tier 102, the downloading process is inefficient whenapplication server 110 is remote and/or slower transmission rates are used. - Security measures adopted for use with the application architecture limit the applications that have been developed according to this architecture. For example, an application's efficiency and/or usability can be impacted as a result of security measures. Further, there are issues of security concerning the transmission of information. From the perspective of
client tier 102, for example, it is necessary to ensure that the information that is being received is “trusted.” That is, it is important to ensure thatclient tier 102 is not corrupted by unauthorized software executing inclient tier 102. Further, it is important to ensure that a client that attempts to accessproduction data center 108 can be trusted with the corporation's data and applications. - Optimally,
client tier 102 executes only those applets that have been received from a known and trusted source (e.g., production data center 108). A level of trust can be achieved between aclient tier 102 andproduction data center 108 such that data and applets can be transmitted freely betweenclient tier 102 andproduction data center 108. However, this paradigm is limiting and does not always occur in practice.Browser 106 may request an applet from a source other thanproduction data center 108, for example. If an applet is allowed to execute unchecked inclient tier 102, it introduces the potential for serious breaches of security and/or malicious access to the data and resources. - Security models or approaches have been adopted to limit the damage that may be caused by a breach of security and maliciousness. One such security approach, referred to as the sandbox security model, limits the access given to applets from an “untrusted” (i.e., unknown) source to only its namespace (e.g., operating system-assigned boundaries of a program such as the addressable memory).
- An “untrusted” applet or software program is allowed to access only memory or other computer resources that are in its namespace. By limiting an “untrusted” applet to its own namespace, the applet can be prohibited from modifying areas of memory assigned to other applets or applications, for example.
- Further, an applet may be prohibited from establishing a connection to (and/or downloading code from) a server (e.g., file or printer servers) other than the one from which it was retrieved.
Client tier 102 may be forced to access another server viaapplication server 110. To make a request of a file server, for example,client tier 102 sends the request toapplication server 110 which forwards the request to the file server. This is inefficient particularly when the file server adjacent toclient tier 102. - Further, in the sandbox approach, printing is accomplished by displaying material to be printed in
browser 106 and relying on the user to print the material using the print functionality available inbrowser 106. - The sandbox approach has clear disadvantages. An applet that is confined to its namespace cannot access information that is stored in a local file system. Further, confined applets cannot pool or share resources such as memory.
- Another security approach uses signatures or other forms of certification to certify that an applet is from a known source. An “untrusted” applet can become a “trusted” applet, if its digital signature can be verified by, for example,
client tier 102. Verification can be accomplished with digital signatures using a public key/private key encryption technique. The recipient of the information (e.g., client tier 102) uses the digital signature and a public key (a key generated from the private key and distributed to the public) to verify the digital signature thereby verifying the information. - Signed applet support is not provided by all clients. To support digitally signed applets, it is necessary for
client tier 102 to include the ability to verify the signature. Many currently available browsers do not have such a capability. - In addition to the efficiency and security issues, in the three-tier model each application must log in to
application server 110 separately. There is no ability to store user information (e.g., profile information) inclient tier 102 or elsewhere so that it can be used for subsequent applications. - One or more embodiments of the invention comprise a computing environment that offers a level of decentralization wherein application code resident on a remote application server can be distributed to a local server, or local application server, that services a client. A local application server can be dynamically configured to serve its clients based on requests for application code and/or services. Further, application code that is downloaded to a client from the local application server can be trusted such that access to the local application server's resources can be given to the downloaded application code. Efficiencies can be achieved for the transmission of information.
- Using embodiments of the invention, it is not necessary to pre-configure the local application server to satisfy a request of the server. The local application server can be configured dynamically (e.g., as needed) in response to requests. For example, there is no need to install application code or services on the local application server in anticipation of a request. If the local application server is not configured to handle a request, the local application server dynamically configures itself to satisfy the request.
- A request for information, such as application code (e.g., an applet) by a client, can be serviced by the local application server with its existing configuration or a new configuration. If the local application server's configuration includes the requested application code, the local application server satisfies the request using its existing configuration. If the local application server's configuration does not include the requested application code, the local application server attempts to locate the requested application code (e.g., from another application server). When the requested application code is located, it is transferred to the local application server. The local application server retains a copy of the application code and forwards a copy to the client. Thus, if a subsequent request is made for the application code, it can be satisfied by the local application server (without accessing another application server).
- The local application server can further be dynamically configured with services that can satisfy a client request. When a service request is received from the client, the local application server attempts to satisfy the request using a service that resides on the local application server. If the requested service is resident on the local application server, the local application server forwards the request to the service. There is no need to reconfigure the local application server.
- If a request is for a service for which the local application server is not already configured, the local application server determines whether the service resides elsewhere (e.g., on another server). If the local application server finds the service, it determines whether the service can be acquired from its current location. If so, the service is copied to the local application server and is used to satisfy the client's request.
- Where the requested service cannot be transferred to the local application server, the local application server establishes a proxy for the service. The proxy resides on the local application server and forwards the client request to the service that resides on the other application server. If a response is generated by the service, the response is sent to the proxy on the local application server and forwarded to the client. Thus, where a proxy is used, the client need not be aware of the service's actual location. The client is unaware that the requested service does not reside on the local application server.
- In embodiments of the invention, the local application server includes an application locator, a service locator, a download service and none or more local services. The application and service locators are used by the local application server to locate application code and services (respectively) when a request is made that cannot be satisfied using the local application server's current configuration. Services that are downloaded to the local application server can be used by the local application server to satisfy a request.
- The local application server can be configured with proxy services as needed. A proxy service acts a proxy for a service that resides elsewhere (e.g., on another server). A proxy service is used when, for example, a service cannot be transferred to the local application server. A service request is forwarded by the proxy service to the service. The service sends a response, if any, to the proxy service for forwarding to the requester.
- The local application server can be configured with application software as needed. When, for example, a client requests application code, the local application server can obtain the application code, if it does not already have the requested application code. Application code that is acquired by the local application server is retained and can be used to satisfy a subsequent request for the application code, if any.
- The local application server can be configured to include local services such as print, file, login or profile services that can be shared by multiple applications. Where the local application is configured to include local services, a client request for a local service is forwarded by the local application server to the local service.
- One such local service allows a client to log in to the local application server. During a login process, the client establishes its identity which is stored on the local application server and can be used for multiple applications and information requests. The local server generates a credential for the client that can be used to authorize access to any application server and/or service requested by the client.
- FIG. 1 provides a block diagram of a three-tier computing architecture.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an embodiment of a computer system capable of providing a suitable execution environment for an embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 3 is provides a block diagram of a four-tier architecture according to one or more embodiments of the invention.
- FIG. 4A illustrates a portion of a four-tier architecture with localized servers accessing application servers according to an embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 4B illustrates a four-tier architecture with localized servers according to an embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 5 provides an illustration of a webtop server according to an embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 6 illustrates the use of proxies for connecting multiple clients to multiple servers according to an embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 7 provides a application software acquisition process according to an embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 8 provides a service acquisition process according to an embodiment of the invention.
- An enterprise computing environment is described. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a more thorough description of the present invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art, that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known features have not been described in detail so as not to obscure the invention.
- Embodiment of Computer Execution Environment (Hardware)
- An embodiment of the invention can be implemented as computer software in the form of computer readable program code executed on a general purpose computer such as
computer 200 illustrated in FIG. 2. Akeyboard 210 andmouse 211 are coupled to abi-directional system bus 218. The keyboard and mouse are for introducing user input to the computer system and communicating that user input toprocessor 213. Other suitable input devices may be used in addition to, or in place of, themouse 211 andkeyboard 210. I/O (input/output)unit 219 coupled tobi-directional system bus 218 represents such I/O elements as a printer, A/V (audio/video) I/O, etc. -
Computer 200 includes avideo memory 214,main memory 215 andmass storage 212, all coupled tobi-directional system bus 218 along withkeyboard 210,mouse 211 andprocessor 213. Themass storage 212 may include both fixed and removable media, such as magnetic, optical or magnetic optical storage systems or any other available mass storage technology.Bus 218 may contain, for example, thirty-two address lines for addressingvideo memory 214 ormain memory 215. Thesystem bus 218 also includes, for example, a 32-bit data bus for transferring data between and among the components, such asprocessor 213,main memory 215,video memory 214 andmass storage 212. Alternatively, multiplex data/address lines may be used instead of separate data and address lines. - In one embodiment of the invention, the
processor 213 is a microprocessor manufactured by Motorola, such as the 680X0 processor or a microprocessor manufactured by Intel, such as the 80X86, or Pentium processor, or a SPARC microprocessor from Sun Microsystems, Inc. However, any other suitable microprocessor or microcomputer may be utilized.Main memory 215 is comprised of dynamic random access memory (DRAM).Video memory 214 is a dual-ported video random access memory. One port of thevideo memory 214 is coupled tovideo amplifier 216. Thevideo amplifier 216 is used to drive the cathode ray tube (CRT)raster monitor 217.Video amplifier 216 is well known in the art and may be implemented by any suitable apparatus. This circuitry converts pixel data stored invideo memory 214 to a raster signal suitable for use bymonitor 217.Monitor 217 is a type of monitor suitable for displaying graphic images. -
Computer 200 may also include acommunication interface 220 coupled tobus 218.Communication interface 220 provides a two-way data communication coupling via anetwork link 221 to alocal network 222. For example, ifcommunication interface 220 is an integrated services digital network (ISDN) card or a modem,communication interface 220 provides a data communication connection to the corresponding type of telephone line, which comprises part ofnetwork link 221. Ifcommunication interface 220 is a local area network (LAN) card,communication interface 220 provides a data communication connection vianetwork link 221 to a compatible LAN. Wireless links are also possible. In any such implementation,communication interface 220 sends and receives electrical, electromagnetic or optical signals which carry digital data streams representing various types of information. - Network link221 typically provides data communication through one or more networks to other data devices. For example,
network link 221 may provide a connection throughlocal network 222 tohost computer 223 or to data equipment operated by an Internet Service Provider (ISP) 224.ISP 224 in turn provides data communication services through the world wide packet data communication network now commonly referred to as the “Internet” 225.Local network 222 andInternet 225 both use electrical, electromagnetic or optical signals which carry digital data streams. The signals through the various networks and the signals onnetwork link 221 and throughcommunication interface 220, which carry the digital data to and fromcomputer 200, are exemplary forms of carrier waves transporting the information. -
Computer 200 can send messages and receive data, including program code, through the network(s),network link 221, andcommunication interface 220. In the Internet example,server 226 might transmit a requested code for an application program throughInternet 225,ISP 224,local network 222 andcommunication interface 220. In accord with the invention, one such downloaded application is the application computing environment described herein. - The received code may be executed by
processor 213 as it is received, and/or stored inmass storage 212, or other non-volatile storage for later execution. In this manner,computer 200 may obtain application code by way of a carrier wave. - Application code may be embodied in any form of computer program product. A computer program product comprises a medium configured to store or transport computer readable code, or in which computer readable code may be embedded. Some examples of computer program products are CD-ROM disks, ROM cards, floppy disks, magnetic tapes, computer hard drives, servers on a network, and carrier waves.
- The computer system described above is for purposes of example only. An embodiment of the invention may be implemented in any type of computer system or programming or processing environment.
- Four-Tier Architecture
- One or more embodiments of the invention comprise a computing environment that offers a level of decentralization wherein information needed by a client can be cached at local application servers referred to as webtop servers. A webtop server can be. for example, an instance of
computer 200. Webtop servers also provide access to local and remote network services. Thus, a client accesses a webtop server instead of a remote server such as, for example,application server 110 that resides inproduction data center 108 of FIG. 1. - In one or more embodiments of the invention, a webtop server is included in a four-tier application architecture (or four-tier architecture) as illustrated in FIG. 3. As in the three-tier architecture,
client tier 302 provides a graphic user interface (GUI). The GUI can be written as a Java applet which runs frombrowser 106 or any Java enabled environment such as is provided on network computers.Browser 106 runs inclient tier 302 which is comprised of an instance ofcomputer 200 in an embodiment of the invention. The software program functionality or logic that is executed inclient tier 302 can be minimized to limit the size of the programs that must be transmitted toclient tier 302. This facilitates the deployment of client software to the clients that implementclient tier 306. -
Application server 310 resides inapplication server tier 316.Application server 310 manages requests for application logic and is responsible for database transaction handling withdatabase server 312 that is indatabase tier 318.Database server 112 is responsible for storing application data in a persistent store such as a relational database (RDB) or an object-oriented database (OODB), for example.Database server 112 responds to a request to access accounting, personnel and payroll applications' data, for example. In an embodiment of the invention,application server 310 anddatabase server 312 are instances ofcomputer 200. -
Application server 310 anddatabase server 312 can be resident in a production data center that is remote to a client inclient tier 302. A client inclient tier 302 communicates its requests towebtop server 308 inwebtop server tier 320.Webtop server 308 can support multiple clients.Webtop server 308 caches applets and/or static data that are needed by a client. Further,webtop server 308 manages services which provide access to network resources need by a client (e.g., file system and printer resources). - In an embodiment of the invention,
communication link 322 between a client inclient tier 302 andwebtop server 308 uses both the Hypertext Transmission Protocol (HTTP) and Remote Method Invocation (RMI). Similarly,communication link 324 betweenwebtop server 308 andapplication server 310 uses both HTTP and RMI. It should be apparent, however, to one of ordinary skill in the art that other communication techniques and/or protocols can be used forcommunication links - In one embodiment of the invention,
communication link 322 betweenapplication server 310 anddatabase server 312 uses a Java Database Connectivity (JDBC) Application Program Interface (API) that is available from Sun Microsystems, Inc. It should be apparent, however, to one of ordinary skill in the art that other database interfaces can be used forcommunication link 326. -
Webtop server 308 caches data and applets for use by a client. When a client accesses an application for the first time,webtop server 308 retrieves and stores the program software fromapplication server 310. Subsequent requests for the application software can be satisfied using the program software stored inwebtop server 308. Where the program software is written as Java applets,webtop server 308 becomes the applet-host once the applets are transferred fromapplication server 310. Thus, when the applet is executed on the client, the applet can communicate back towebtop server 308 as the host of that applet thereby satisfying the sandbox security paradigm. - Other program software that can be transmitted to
webtop server 308 includes servlets. A servlet is a software program that is written in the Java programming language and runs on a server. A servlet can be invoked by a client via a name or a URL, for example. Servlets can be used to write application services that compriseapplication server tier 316, for example. An applet running on a client requests the handle for a servlet (e.g., a URL) fromwebtop server 308. If the servlet does not already reside atwebtop server 308,webtop server 308 can obtain the servlet fromapplication server 310 and send the service's handle to the client. - When a request is received by a servlet, the servlet can either satisfy the request locally or forward the request (or some portion of it) to another service. For example, file system and printing requests can be handled by services that reside on
webtop server 308. - FIG. 4A illustrates a portion of the four-tier architecture with localized servers accessing application servers according to an embodiment of the invention. In the four-tier architecture, the server with which a client interfaces can be located more conveniently and proximately located to the client.
Application servers 404A-404C are resident inproduction data center 402 which can be located in a remote geographic location with regard toclients 410A-410C, 420A-420C and 430A-430C. It should be apparent thatapplication servers 404A-404C can reside at the same or separate data centers, however. -
Clients 410A-410C, 420A-420C and 430A-430C reside atsites sites clients 410A-410C, 420A-420C and 430A-430C to be proximately located with reference toproduction data center 402.Webtop servers sites clients 410A-410C, 420A-420C and 430A-430C. Application software and services requested byclients 410A-410C, 420A-420C and 430A-430C can reside onwebtop servers -
Webtop server 408 can reside in the same building or campus asclients 410A-410C, for example. Similarly,webtop servers clients 420A-420C and 430A-430C, respectively.Clients 410A-410C, 420A-420C and 430A-430C interact withwebtop servers - When a client requests application software or a service that is not resident on the webtop server, the webtop server can obtain the request software or service from the
production data center 402. When a client requests software that has already been cached on the webtop server, the software can be downloaded to the client without interfacing withproduction data center 402. A service that is resident on a webtop server can be used to satisfy a client's request for that service. Thus, the need to accessapplication servers 404A-404C inproduction data center 402 is minimized. This is advantageous particularly when an inefficient mode of communication would otherwise need to be used betweenproduction data center 402 andclients 410A-410C, 420A-420C and 430A-430C. - FIG. 4B illustrates a four-tier architecture with localized servers according to an embodiment of the invention.
Production data center 402 comprisesapplication servers 404A-404C anddatabase servers 414A-414C. Whileapplication servers 404A-404C anddatabase servers 414A-414C are depicted as residing at the same production data center (i.e., production data center 402), it should be apparent thatapplication servers 404A-404C anddatabase servers 414A-414C can reside at separate instances ofproduction data center 402. -
Application servers 404A-404C forward requests for stored data (e.g., stored in a database) todatabase servers 414A-414C. A response received from one ofdatabase servers 414A-414C is forwarded by one ofapplication servers 404A-404C. Thus, for example, a request for data initiated byclient 410A residing atsite 406 is forwarded towebtop server 408.Webtop server 408 forwards the request to one of the application servers at production center 402 (e.g.,application server 404A).Application server 404A forwards the request to the appropriate database server (e.g.,database server 414A).Database server 414A processes the request and responds with the requested data (or an error), for example. The response is forwarded toclient 410A viaapplication server 404A andwebtop server 408. - Webtop Server
-
Webtop server 308 includes a service locator, cached applets and servlets, and local services. Examples of local services include file system, print, login and profile services which will be discussed in more detail below. FIG. 5 provides an illustration of a webtop server according to an embodiment of the invention. - Referring to FIG. 5,
webtop server 308 includesapplication locator 502,download service 504,service locator 506,proxy services manager 510, local services 512 (e.g.,file service 514A,print service 514B,login service 514C, andprofile service 514D) andapplication software 516.Application software 516 comprises software that is cached atwebtop server 308. The following provides a discussion of components ofwebtop server 308. - Login and Profile Services
- In one or more embodiments of the invention, a login service (e.g.,
login service 514C) runs onwebtop server 308 to log in a client and verify the client's login information (e.g., login identification and password).Login service 514C can further create a cookie to track the client session. A cookie is, for example, an item or items of information that is stored on the client and accessed by software that is running on the client (e.g., a browser). A cookie is typically stored as a text file, however, it can be retained using other storage mechanisms. - In one or more embodiments of the invention,
login service 514C maintains, onwebtop server 308, the client's profile that contains information about the client.Profile service 514D examines the profile to obtain information about the client. For example,profile service 514D can examine a client's profile to determine whether the client is able to connect to other systems on the network from an applet which is downloaded fromwebtop server 308. This occurs when, for example, the client trustswebtop server 308 as a trusted server. A client's profile can further include, for example, an identification of the protocols (e.g., RMI) supported by the client. -
Profile service 514D can examine a client's profile information to identify and create a start page (e.g., an initial page that displays in client tier 102) once the client has successfully logged in. The initial screen is transmitted toclient tier 302 for display bybrowser 306 inclient tier 302. - In an embodiment of the invention,
login service 514C is used to generate a credential that can be used on behalf of the client to verify the client to an application or network service. When the client wishes to access an application or network service, the credential is sent to the application or network server. The application or network server trusts the credential generated bylogin service 514C after verifying the signatures oflogin service 514C. The credential can be used to enable a client to enter a single login for all of the applications and/or network services that it accesses. -
Login service 514C generates a credential certificate upon request of the client. It is not necessary for the credential certificate to contain the client's password. The credential certificate is sent by the applet to the network service or application. The network service or application verifies the signature(s) generated bylogin service 514C using the credential certificate. - Application Locator
-
Application locator 502 is used in one or more embodiments of the invention to locate application program software (e.g., applets). Application software that is not already cached onwebtop server 308 is stored on an application server (e.g., application server 310) that is typically located in a central production center.Application locator 502 consults a directory to locate the application server that contains the requested application software. Once the applet is located,download service 504 acquires the application software for storage onwebtop server 308. - The application software that is stored on
webtop server 308 can be downloaded toclient tier 302 fromwebtop server 308.Webtop server 308 becomes the host server for the application software that is downloaded toclient tier 302. Thus, under the sandbox security model, the application software executing on the client can send requests towebtop server 308. -
Application locator 502 can further verify that the application software that is cached onwebtop server 308 is the current version of the software. The directory information thatapplication locator 502 can contain versioning information thatapplication locator 502 can examine to determine whether the cached version of the software is the most recent version of the application software. If a more recent version exists,download service 504 can accessapplication server 310 to obtain the current version of the application software. Becausewebtop server 308 maintains the most recent version of the application software, the client receives the current version of the application software. - A broadcast message technique can be used as an alternative to
webtop server 308 examining the directory to determine whether it has the most recent version of application software. For example, when an applet is changed, a broadcast message can be sent across the network. The broadcast message can be sent out to all instances ofwebtop server 308 or only those instances that have registered to receive such a message. When a broadcast message is received bywebtop server 308, it can respond by obtaining the new version.Download service 504 can respond by acquiring the changed application software from the application server on which the newer version resides for storage onwebtop server 308, for example. - Thus,
application server 310 can notifywebtop server 308 when a change occurs in application code. Alternatively,webtop server 308 can contactapplication server 310 to determine whether the application code has been updated.Application server 310 can keep track of all changes to application software. When contacted bywebtop server 308,application server 310 examines its set of changes and respond towebtop server 308. Ifapplication server 310 indicates that application code has changed,webtop server 308 can request an updated copy of the application code. - To request application software, the client need only
reference application locator 502 onwebtop server 308 and identify the requested application software by name, for example. There is no need for the client to remember a URL for the requested application software.Application locator 502 accesses the directory to translate the name provided by the client into a identifier (e.g., a URL) for the application software. - Service Locator
- Application software that is running on a client can request a service (e.g., file system or print services). When a service request is received by
webtop server 308,service locator 506 is used in one or more embodiments of the invention to locate a local or network service to satisfy the request. It is not necessary for the application software to be aware of the location of the network or local service. Thus, a network or local service can be moved without impacting the applet code. - To illustrate, an applet (or other application software) running in
client tier 302 submits a request for a service viacommunication link 322. The request is received byservice locator 506 which proceeds to find the requested service. - If the service can be transferred to
webtop server 308,download service 504 acquires the service from the server on which it resides. If not,service locator 506 acquires a proxy onwebtop server 308 that acts as a conduit for transmissions between the client and the requested service. - In one or more embodiments of the invention, services are written in the Java programming language and are referred to as servlets. Sun Microsystems, Inc.'s WebServer™, as well as other servers, support the use of server-side programs written in the Java programming language (i.e., servlets). A Java Servlet API is available from Sun Microsystems, Inc. that includes abstract classes that can be subclassed to create a servlet.
- Where it is possible for an application software's request to be satisfied by more than one service,
service locator 506 can choose based on each service's respective loads. Thus,service locator 506 can perform load balancing across the services. A discussion of load balancing is provided below. - Directory Service
-
Service locator 506 andapplication locator 502 locate a service (or services) and application code (respectively) whenwebtop server 308's current configuration cannot satisfy a request. In one or more embodiments of the invention, a directory service can be accessed, for example, to locate a service or an application's program code. - A directory service can be centrally located or distributed at various geographical areas. A distributed directory service can comprise entries for all geographical areas, or those for a particular area. A replication mechanism can be used to replicate entries to each of the distributed directory services such that each directory service comprises all entries, for example.
- A directory service receives and processes locator requests. A directory service maintains a store of information that contains an entry for each service or application code that is registered with the directory service. This store is referred to herein as a directory. When a new service or application is installed, an entry is added to the directory by the directory service. Entries can also be deleted from the directory when, for example, a service or application is no longer available.
- With respect to a service, a directory entry associates a service name with the location of the service. Similarly, a directory entry can identify an application's program code by its name. The location can be expressed in terms of a URL in one or more embodiments of the invention.
Service locator 506 orapplication locator 502 queries the directory service using the name of the service or application (respectively). The directory service queries the directory for a service or application code with that name. The directory service returns the location of the service(s) or application code, or an error, if the directory does not contain an entry with the name. - Proxy Services
- In some cases, a service cannot be transferred to
webtop server 308. In this case,webtop server 308 can transfer a proxy for the service. A service may, for example, process secure information and must therefore be executed in a secure environment such asapplication server 310. The service's proxy forwards the client's request to the service that is running onapplication server 310. - If a proxy is copied to
webtop server 308 instead of the service,webtop server 308 creates a handle for the proxy. The proxy's handle is forwarded to the client. The client is unaware that the handle is to a proxy and not the actual service. The client submits a request to the service via the service's proxy using the proxy's handle. When the request is received by webtop server 208, it is given to the service's proxy. The service's proxy forwards the request to the service. - If the service generates a response to the request that is to be transmitted back to the client via the proxy. The service sends the response to the proxy on
webtop server 308. The proxy forwards the response to the client. - FIG. 6 illustrates the use of proxies for connecting multiple clients to multiple servers according to an embodiment of the invention.
Proxy services 604 ofwebtop server 308 comprises proxies that can act as a conduit for communications between multiple clients and multiple application servers. That is, for example, a proxy can connectclients 602A-602C andapplications servers 610A-610C. Further,proxy services 604 can be used to connect clients to servers other thanapplication servers 610A-610C. Thus, clients can use services that reside on different servers.Clients 602A-602C can access services onservers 606A-606C, for example. - A credential certificate generated by
login service 514C can be sent to a network service (e.g., services 608A-608B). The network service trusts the credentials supplied bylogin service 514C after it verifies the signatures oflogin service 514C. The client need only enter a single login (i.e., withlogin service 514C) to access multiple applications and network services. - Local Services
- Services that are resident on
webtop server 308 are local services. For example, local services are those services that permanently reside onwebtop server 308, or are copied towebtop server 308 in response to a request by the client. Referring to FIG. 5,login service 514C andprofile service 514D are examples of services that typically reside permanently onwebtop server 308. If these or other services are not resident onwebtop server 308, they may be transferable towebtop server 308 as described herein. Other examples of local services arefile service 514A andprint service 514B. - A client forwards a request for a handle to a service to webtop
server 308. If the service is local towebtop server 308, the handle is forwarded bywebtop server 308 to client. The client can access the service using the handle. Responses generated by a local service are forwarded bywebtop server 308 to the client. - Load Balancing
-
Service locator 506 andproxy services 510 can perform load balancing according to an embodiment of the invention. Whereservice locator 506 is aware of more than one service that is capable of satisfying a service request,service locator 506 can balance the processing load between the services. For example,service locator 506 can select a service based on which of the services received the last request. That is,service locator 506 can assign requests to each of services in a sequential, cyclical manner (e.g., a round robin assignment) to balance the load across all of the services that are capable of satisfying the service request. - Similarly,
proxy services 510 may be aware of multiple services that can satisfy a request.Proxy services 510 can act as the proxy for multiple services. Therefore,proxy services 510 can distribute service requests to the services for which it acts as a proxy to balance the request processing load. For example,proxy services 510 can assign service requests using a round robin technique. - Acquisition Process
- Application software and services can reside on
webtop server 308 for local access by a client. If the application software and/or services do not already reside onwebtop server 308, they can be downloaded for use by the client. FIGS. 7 and 8 provide process flows for acquiring the application software and services, respectively, according to embodiments of the invention. - Referring to FIG. 7, a request for application software is received from the client at
step 702. Atstep 704,webtop server 308 determines whether the software is cached on the server. If so, processing continues atstep 712 to send the requested application software to the client and processing of the software request ends atstep 714. - If the requested software does not reside on
webtop server 308, processing continues atstep 706 to determine the location of the software.Webtop server 308 consults an information base (e.g., database or other repository of information) that can reside at a local, regional or centralized site, for example, to determine the location of the requested software. In one embodiment of the invention, the client identifies the requested software by name, for example. It is not necessary for the client to know the exact location of the requested software. However, if the location is known by the client (e.g., in the form of a URL), the client can submit this information towebtop server 308. - Using the location information obtained for the requested software,
webtop server 308 sends a request to the application server on which the requested software resides (application server 310). If necessary,webtop server 308 can provide a credential so that the request can be verified by the application server. Atstep 710, the application software that is transferred from the application server is cached onwebtop server 308. Atstep 712, the requested application software is forwarded to the client and processing of the software request ends atstep 714. - Similarly, the client can request a service (e.g., print or file service). If the service is local to
webtop server 308, a handle for the service can be sent to the client. If the service is not local,webtop server 308 attempts to download the service for use locally by the client. If the service cannot be obtained or there is no gain (e.g., efficiency gain),webtop server 308 obtains a proxy for the service and a proxy handle is sent to the client. FIG. 8 provides a service acquisition process according to an embodiment of the invention. - At
step 802, a request for a service handle is received from the client. Atstep 804,webtop server 308 determines whether the service is already local (or resident on webtop server 308). If so, processing continues atstep 814 to return a handle for the service to the client and processing of the service request ends atstep 816. - If the service is not local to
webtop server 308, processing continues atstep 806 to determine the location of the requested service.Webtop server 308 consults an information base (e.g., database or other repository of information) that resides at a local, regional or centralized site, for example, to determine the location of the requested service. - At
step 808, a determination is made whether the service can run locally onwebtop server 308. If, for example, the service must run in a secure environment of another server, the service cannot be copied towebtop server 308. Further, if the service must interact with other services that cannot be copied to webtop server, there is little benefit to obtaining a copy of the service. In these cases,webtop server 308 does not download the service, but requests a proxy for the service atstep 810. Ifwebtop server 308 determines that the service is transferable, it requests a copy of the service atstep 812. - At
step 814, a handle to the service of the service's proxy is sent to the client. Processing of the service request ends atstep 816. - Servlet Security
- In one or more embodiments of the invention, a security model is implemented whereby an applet's status as trusted or untrusted indicates the degree of access to resources given to the applet. An untrusted applet is limited to its own namespace, for example. A trusted applet can have access to resources (e.g., memory) outside of its namespace. Since servlets (like applets) can be copied from trusted servers as well as untrusted servers, a security approach can be used to ensure that servlets cannot cause harm to computer resources.
- In one embodiment of the invention,
webtop server 308 limits the acquisition of servlets such that servlets are only obtained from trusted servers. A servlet that is obtained from a trusted server is considered to be a trusted servlet and may be given access outside the sandbox (e.g., outside of its own namespace). - In another embodiment of the invention,
webtop server 308 allows servlets to be obtained from both trusted and untrusted servers. To verify an untrusted servlet,webtop server 308 can require that a servlet obtained from an untrusted server be signed with a signature of an authorized person. The signature is verified before the servlet is considered to be a trusted servlet. If a servlet is obtained from an untrusted server, it is considered to be untrusted unless it has a signature that has been verified. As with an untrusted applet, an untrusted servlet is limited, in its access, to its own namespace. That is, an untrusted servlet is run inside the sandbox. - Thus, an enterprise computing environment has been provided in conjunction with one or more specific embodiments. The invention is defined by the claims and their full scope of equivalents.
Claims (25)
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/106,868 US6446109B2 (en) | 1998-06-29 | 1998-06-29 | Application computing environment |
US09/267,794 US6868448B1 (en) | 1998-06-29 | 1999-03-12 | Resource locator |
US10/875,905 US7206844B2 (en) | 1998-06-29 | 2004-06-24 | Method for locating and retaining new software and dependencies on a local server by examining a property file of the new software |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/106,868 US6446109B2 (en) | 1998-06-29 | 1998-06-29 | Application computing environment |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/267,794 Continuation-In-Part US6868448B1 (en) | 1998-06-29 | 1999-03-12 | Resource locator |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20010039565A1 true US20010039565A1 (en) | 2001-11-08 |
US6446109B2 US6446109B2 (en) | 2002-09-03 |
Family
ID=22313695
Family Applications (3)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/106,868 Expired - Lifetime US6446109B2 (en) | 1998-06-29 | 1998-06-29 | Application computing environment |
US09/267,794 Expired - Lifetime US6868448B1 (en) | 1998-06-29 | 1999-03-12 | Resource locator |
US10/875,905 Expired - Fee Related US7206844B2 (en) | 1998-06-29 | 2004-06-24 | Method for locating and retaining new software and dependencies on a local server by examining a property file of the new software |
Family Applications After (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/267,794 Expired - Lifetime US6868448B1 (en) | 1998-06-29 | 1999-03-12 | Resource locator |
US10/875,905 Expired - Fee Related US7206844B2 (en) | 1998-06-29 | 2004-06-24 | Method for locating and retaining new software and dependencies on a local server by examining a property file of the new software |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (3) | US6446109B2 (en) |
Cited By (43)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6457047B1 (en) * | 2000-05-08 | 2002-09-24 | Verity, Inc. | Application caching system and method |
US20020150243A1 (en) * | 2001-04-12 | 2002-10-17 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method and system for controlled distribution of application code and content data within a computer network |
US20030233438A1 (en) * | 2002-06-18 | 2003-12-18 | Robin Hutchinson | Methods and systems for managing assets |
WO2003050641A3 (en) * | 2001-12-10 | 2004-02-26 | Virtual Locality Ltd | Apparatus and method for optimized and secured reflection of network services to remote locations |
US20040073666A1 (en) * | 2002-08-27 | 2004-04-15 | Foster Ward Scott | Secure resource access |
US20040153511A1 (en) * | 2001-01-02 | 2004-08-05 | Tony Maynard | Exchanging electronic messages between a host computer system and a distributed computer system |
US20050091376A1 (en) * | 2001-10-12 | 2005-04-28 | Helfman Nadav B. | Apparatus and method for optimized and secured reflection of network services to remote locations |
US6895444B1 (en) * | 2000-09-15 | 2005-05-17 | Motorola, Inc. | Service framework with local proxy for representing remote services |
US20050138116A1 (en) * | 2003-12-22 | 2005-06-23 | Bjorn Bjare | Method of and system for application service exchange across different execution environments |
US6957247B1 (en) * | 1999-09-22 | 2005-10-18 | Ates Gorkem I | Internet system |
US20060112144A1 (en) * | 2001-11-16 | 2006-05-25 | Sigmatel, Inc. | Remote-directed management of media content |
US20060139187A1 (en) * | 2003-05-08 | 2006-06-29 | Sap Ag | Pattern-driven, message-oriented compression apparatus and method |
US7194544B2 (en) * | 2000-12-14 | 2007-03-20 | Borland Software Corporation | Method and system for dynamic protocol selection among object-handled specified protocols |
US20070185929A1 (en) * | 2006-02-01 | 2007-08-09 | Sap Portals Isreal Ltd. | Method and apparatus for processing monitoring |
US20070226227A1 (en) * | 2006-03-27 | 2007-09-27 | Sap Portals Israel Ltd. | Method and apparatus for delivering managed applications to remote locations |
US20080107262A1 (en) * | 2006-11-02 | 2008-05-08 | Sap Portals Israel Ltd. | Method and apparatus for centrally managed encrypted partition |
US20090187564A1 (en) * | 2005-08-01 | 2009-07-23 | Business Objects Americas | Processor for Fast Phrase Searching |
US20100017720A1 (en) * | 2008-07-15 | 2010-01-21 | International Business Machines Corporation | Command line interface browser |
US7702794B1 (en) * | 2004-11-16 | 2010-04-20 | Charles Schwab & Co. | System and method for providing silent sign on across distributed applications |
US20100223284A1 (en) * | 2005-09-09 | 2010-09-02 | Salesforce.Com, Inc. | Systems and methods for exporting, publishing, browsing and installing on-demand applications in a multi-tenant database environment |
EP2251800A3 (en) * | 2009-03-27 | 2011-10-19 | Business Objects Software Ltd. | Client server systems and methods for accessing metadata information across a network using proxies |
WO2011112750A3 (en) * | 2010-03-12 | 2011-12-29 | Microsoft Corporation | Memory cache data center |
US20110320888A1 (en) * | 2010-06-29 | 2011-12-29 | Verizon Patent And Licensing, Inc. | Load Balancing in Broker-Based Messaging Systems and Methods |
EP2449475A1 (en) * | 2009-06-30 | 2012-05-09 | Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson (publ) | An information processing system and method providing a remote access |
CN102521027A (en) * | 2011-12-02 | 2012-06-27 | 华中科技大学 | Window interface transmission method in virtual desktop system |
US20120303770A1 (en) * | 2001-10-26 | 2012-11-29 | Research In Motion Limited | System and method for controlling configuration settings for mobile communication devices and services |
CN102984287A (en) * | 2012-11-19 | 2013-03-20 | 青岛海信传媒网络技术有限公司 | Microblog application server and microblog platform chained address sharing method thereof |
US20130205230A1 (en) * | 2004-02-12 | 2013-08-08 | International Business Machines Corporation | Establishing a chat session between users in a network system |
US8516470B1 (en) * | 2002-12-16 | 2013-08-20 | Symantec Corporation | Version upgrade via viral infection |
CN103268257A (en) * | 2012-07-23 | 2013-08-28 | 威盛电子股份有限公司 | Hardware resource access system and method for accessing hardware resource of electric device |
US20130275540A1 (en) * | 2010-12-23 | 2013-10-17 | Nederlandse Organisatie Voor Toegepast- Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek Tno | Method, Device, System and Network Architecture for Handling a Service Request |
US20140006789A1 (en) * | 2012-06-27 | 2014-01-02 | Steven L. Grobman | Devices, systems, and methods for monitoring and asserting trust level using persistent trust log |
US20140355486A1 (en) * | 2013-05-31 | 2014-12-04 | Vonage Network Llc | Method and apparatus for call handling signaling |
US20140380439A1 (en) * | 2003-09-23 | 2014-12-25 | At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. | Methods of Resetting Passwords in Network Service Systems Including User Redirection and Related Systems and Computer Program Products |
US8924472B1 (en) * | 2011-08-20 | 2014-12-30 | Datastax, Inc. | Embedding application services in a distributed datastore |
US20150074660A1 (en) * | 2013-09-12 | 2015-03-12 | Alibaba Group Holding Limited | Method and apparatus of downloading and installing a client |
US20160112514A1 (en) * | 2014-10-16 | 2016-04-21 | Netapp, Inc. | Methods for migrating data between heterogeneous storage platforms and devices thereof |
US20170257798A1 (en) * | 2013-12-11 | 2017-09-07 | Viavi Solutions Uk Limited | Method and apparatus for enabling near real time data analysis |
US20190028721A1 (en) * | 2014-11-18 | 2019-01-24 | Elwha Llc | Imaging device system with edge processing |
US10491796B2 (en) | 2014-11-18 | 2019-11-26 | The Invention Science Fund Ii, Llc | Devices, methods and systems for visual imaging arrays |
US10715635B2 (en) * | 2016-10-10 | 2020-07-14 | Wangsu Science & Technology Co., Ltd. | Node route selection method and system |
US10713230B2 (en) | 2004-04-02 | 2020-07-14 | Salesforce.Com, Inc. | Custom entities and fields in a multi-tenant database system |
US10951771B2 (en) | 2013-05-31 | 2021-03-16 | Vonage Business Inc. | Method and apparatus for call handling control |
Families Citing this family (202)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6209048B1 (en) * | 1996-02-09 | 2001-03-27 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Peripheral with integrated HTTP server for remote access using URL's |
CA2346925A1 (en) | 1998-10-16 | 2000-04-27 | Computer Associates Think, Inc. | Method and system for an extensible macro language |
JP2000132473A (en) * | 1998-10-23 | 2000-05-12 | Oki Electric Ind Co Ltd | Network system using fire wall dynamic control system |
US6791580B1 (en) | 1998-12-18 | 2004-09-14 | Tangis Corporation | Supplying notifications related to supply and consumption of user context data |
US8225214B2 (en) | 1998-12-18 | 2012-07-17 | Microsoft Corporation | Supplying enhanced computer user's context data |
US6842877B2 (en) | 1998-12-18 | 2005-01-11 | Tangis Corporation | Contextual responses based on automated learning techniques |
US8181113B2 (en) | 1998-12-18 | 2012-05-15 | Microsoft Corporation | Mediating conflicts in computer users context data |
US7046263B1 (en) | 1998-12-18 | 2006-05-16 | Tangis Corporation | Requesting computer user's context data |
US6968333B2 (en) | 2000-04-02 | 2005-11-22 | Tangis Corporation | Soliciting information based on a computer user's context |
US6513046B1 (en) | 1999-12-15 | 2003-01-28 | Tangis Corporation | Storing and recalling information to augment human memories |
US7225229B1 (en) | 1998-12-18 | 2007-05-29 | Tangis Corporation | Automated pushing of computer user's context data to clients |
US7779015B2 (en) | 1998-12-18 | 2010-08-17 | Microsoft Corporation | Logging and analyzing context attributes |
US6920616B1 (en) | 1998-12-18 | 2005-07-19 | Tangis Corporation | Interface for exchanging context data |
US6801223B1 (en) | 1998-12-18 | 2004-10-05 | Tangis Corporation | Managing interactions between computer users' context models |
US7231439B1 (en) | 2000-04-02 | 2007-06-12 | Tangis Corporation | Dynamically swapping modules for determining a computer user's context |
US9183306B2 (en) | 1998-12-18 | 2015-11-10 | Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc | Automated selection of appropriate information based on a computer user's context |
US6928469B1 (en) | 1998-12-29 | 2005-08-09 | Citrix Systems, Inc. | Apparatus and method for determining a program neighborhood for a client node in a client-server network using markup language techniques |
US6675196B1 (en) | 1999-01-08 | 2004-01-06 | Amazon.Com, Inc. | Universal protocol for enabling a device to discover and utilize the services of another device |
US6880129B1 (en) * | 1999-04-29 | 2005-04-12 | Silverstream Software, Llc | Method and apparatus for using name spaces in a graphical user interface |
US6950860B1 (en) * | 1999-07-02 | 2005-09-27 | Master Solutions, Inc. | Method and system for integrating building services by developing and loading an adapter element for each of the devices and applications of plurality of integrated building services to encapsulate the plurality of integrated building services with a standard interconnection behavior |
US6941374B1 (en) * | 1999-08-05 | 2005-09-06 | Amazon.Com, Inc. | Hidden agent transfer protocol |
JP3556131B2 (en) * | 1999-08-27 | 2004-08-18 | パイオニア株式会社 | Method and system for providing regional information |
US7734457B2 (en) * | 1999-10-16 | 2010-06-08 | Computer Associates Think, Inc. | Method and system for generating dynamic comparison models |
US7325076B1 (en) * | 1999-11-10 | 2008-01-29 | Navimedix, Inc. | System for dynamic information exchange |
IL133039A (en) * | 1999-11-18 | 2007-12-03 | Eyeblaster Inc | Full duplex re-transmitter |
JP2001154964A (en) * | 1999-12-01 | 2001-06-08 | Fujitsu Ltd | Method for distributing data resources |
US7765581B1 (en) | 1999-12-10 | 2010-07-27 | Oracle America, Inc. | System and method for enabling scalable security in a virtual private network |
US6934757B1 (en) * | 2000-01-06 | 2005-08-23 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method and system for cross-domain service invocation using a single data handle associated with the stored common data and invocation-specific data |
US6654784B1 (en) * | 2000-01-14 | 2003-11-25 | Nexaweb Technologies, Inc | Computing architecture |
KR100847596B1 (en) | 2000-03-02 | 2008-07-21 | 소니 가부시끼 가이샤 | Communication network system, gateway, data communication method and program providing medium |
US6856993B1 (en) * | 2000-03-30 | 2005-02-15 | Microsoft Corporation | Transactional file system |
US7464153B1 (en) | 2000-04-02 | 2008-12-09 | Microsoft Corporation | Generating and supplying user context data |
US6950848B1 (en) * | 2000-05-05 | 2005-09-27 | Yousefi Zadeh Homayoun | Database load balancing for multi-tier computer systems |
US6643683B1 (en) * | 2000-05-08 | 2003-11-04 | International Business Machines Corporation | Interactive client-server environment for performing collaborative timing analysis of circuit designs |
US7426558B1 (en) | 2000-05-11 | 2008-09-16 | Thomson Licensing | Method and system for controlling and auditing content/service systems |
US7143142B1 (en) * | 2000-05-15 | 2006-11-28 | Ricoh Co., Ltd. | Method and apparatus for appliance host supported network-based application delivery |
US7024668B2 (en) * | 2000-05-15 | 2006-04-04 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Application execution apparatus and method |
US20040073617A1 (en) | 2000-06-19 | 2004-04-15 | Milliken Walter Clark | Hash-based systems and methods for detecting and preventing transmission of unwanted e-mail |
US7200666B1 (en) | 2000-07-07 | 2007-04-03 | International Business Machines Corporation | Live connection enhancement for data source interface |
JP2002032216A (en) * | 2000-07-19 | 2002-01-31 | Fujitsu Ltd | Hosting device for application |
US6920488B1 (en) * | 2000-07-28 | 2005-07-19 | International Business Machines Corporation | Server assisted system for accessing web pages from a personal data assistant |
US7133922B1 (en) * | 2000-08-07 | 2006-11-07 | The Hong Kong University Of Science And Technology | Method and apparatus for streaming of data |
US7035912B2 (en) * | 2000-08-28 | 2006-04-25 | Abaco.P.R., Inc. | Method and apparatus allowing a limited client device to use the full resources of a networked server |
US20030172135A1 (en) * | 2000-09-01 | 2003-09-11 | Mark Bobick | System, method, and data structure for packaging assets for processing and distribution on multi-tiered networks |
US20030084134A1 (en) * | 2000-09-01 | 2003-05-01 | Pace Charles P. | System and method for bridging assets to network nodes on multi-tiered networks |
US8037492B2 (en) * | 2000-09-12 | 2011-10-11 | Thomson Licensing | Method and system for video enhancement transport alteration |
US6807577B1 (en) * | 2000-09-14 | 2004-10-19 | International Business Machines Corporation | System and method for network log-on by associating legacy profiles with user certificates |
US9800608B2 (en) | 2000-09-25 | 2017-10-24 | Symantec Corporation | Processing data flows with a data flow processor |
US20020165947A1 (en) * | 2000-09-25 | 2002-11-07 | Crossbeam Systems, Inc. | Network application apparatus |
US20110213869A1 (en) * | 2000-09-25 | 2011-09-01 | Yevgeny Korsunsky | Processing data flows with a data flow processor |
US20070192863A1 (en) * | 2005-07-01 | 2007-08-16 | Harsh Kapoor | Systems and methods for processing data flows |
US20110219035A1 (en) * | 2000-09-25 | 2011-09-08 | Yevgeny Korsunsky | Database security via data flow processing |
US8010469B2 (en) | 2000-09-25 | 2011-08-30 | Crossbeam Systems, Inc. | Systems and methods for processing data flows |
US20110214157A1 (en) * | 2000-09-25 | 2011-09-01 | Yevgeny Korsunsky | Securing a network with data flow processing |
US20100042565A1 (en) * | 2000-09-25 | 2010-02-18 | Crossbeam Systems, Inc. | Mezzazine in-depth data analysis facility |
US9525696B2 (en) | 2000-09-25 | 2016-12-20 | Blue Coat Systems, Inc. | Systems and methods for processing data flows |
US6871213B1 (en) * | 2000-10-11 | 2005-03-22 | Kana Software, Inc. | System and method for web co-navigation with dynamic content including incorporation of business rule into web document |
US20020054130A1 (en) | 2000-10-16 | 2002-05-09 | Abbott Kenneth H. | Dynamically displaying current status of tasks |
US20080201406A1 (en) * | 2000-10-16 | 2008-08-21 | Edward Balassanian | Feature manager system for facilitating communication and shared functionality among components |
US6917930B1 (en) * | 2000-11-20 | 2005-07-12 | Amdocs Software Systems Limited | Database integrity in an internet e-commerce environment |
US7596791B2 (en) * | 2000-12-19 | 2009-09-29 | Emc Corporation | Methods and techniques for delivering rich Java applications over thin-wire connections with high performance and scalability |
US20020083172A1 (en) * | 2000-12-21 | 2002-06-27 | Knowles Gregory T. | Systems, methods and computer program products for responding to client requests directed to networked embedded devices via proxy services |
US20020087483A1 (en) * | 2000-12-29 | 2002-07-04 | Shlomi Harif | System, method and program for creating and distributing processes in a heterogeneous network |
US20020087881A1 (en) * | 2000-12-29 | 2002-07-04 | Shlomi Harif | System, method and program for identifying and binding a process in a heterogeneous network |
US7103666B2 (en) * | 2001-01-12 | 2006-09-05 | Siemens Medical Solutions Health Services Corporation | System and user interface supporting concurrent application operation and interoperability |
US7043752B2 (en) * | 2001-01-12 | 2006-05-09 | Siemens Medical Solutions Health Services Corporation | System and user interface supporting concurrent application initiation and interoperability |
US7334031B2 (en) * | 2001-01-12 | 2008-02-19 | Siemens Medical Solutions Health Services Corporation | System and user interface supporting processing and activity management for concurrently operating applications |
US20020099808A1 (en) * | 2001-01-24 | 2002-07-25 | Ravikumar Pisupati | Accessing services across network security mechanisms |
US7325030B2 (en) | 2001-01-25 | 2008-01-29 | Yahoo, Inc. | High performance client-server communication system |
EP1233333A1 (en) * | 2001-02-19 | 2002-08-21 | Hewlett-Packard Company | Process for executing a downloadable service receiving restrictive access rights to al least one profile file |
US7319979B2 (en) * | 2001-03-29 | 2008-01-15 | Intel Corporation | Dynamically interacting with an internet service using a client-specified communication proxy and protocol |
US20020154635A1 (en) * | 2001-04-23 | 2002-10-24 | Sun Microsystems, Inc. | System and method for extending private networks onto public infrastructure using supernets |
US20020184313A1 (en) * | 2001-06-01 | 2002-12-05 | Nexusedge Technologies Pte Ltd | Method for exchange of data and user interface components |
CA2349654A1 (en) * | 2001-06-04 | 2002-12-04 | Ibm Canada Limited-Ibm Canada Limitee | Server configuration versioning tool |
US8161536B1 (en) * | 2001-06-14 | 2012-04-17 | Oracle International Corporation | Authenticating sessions in queryable caches |
US7181500B2 (en) * | 2001-06-18 | 2007-02-20 | Microsoft Corporation | System and method for utilizing personal information to customize an application program |
US7389118B2 (en) * | 2001-06-29 | 2008-06-17 | Nokia Corporation | System and method for person-to-person messaging with a value-added service |
US7028089B2 (en) * | 2001-09-21 | 2006-04-11 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method and apparatus for caching subscribed and non-subscribed content in a network data processing system |
US8412791B2 (en) * | 2001-09-28 | 2013-04-02 | International Business Machines Corporation | Apparatus and method for offloading application components to edge servers |
US20030088783A1 (en) * | 2001-11-06 | 2003-05-08 | Dipierro Massimo | Systems, methods and devices for secure computing |
US7093002B2 (en) * | 2001-12-06 | 2006-08-15 | Mcafee, Inc. | Handling of malware scanning of files stored within a file storage device of a computer network |
US7150042B2 (en) * | 2001-12-06 | 2006-12-12 | Mcafee, Inc. | Techniques for performing malware scanning of files stored within a file storage device of a computer network |
US20030115258A1 (en) * | 2001-12-13 | 2003-06-19 | International Business Machines Corporation | Time zone difference based locality estimation between web clients and E-business servers |
TW528975B (en) * | 2001-12-19 | 2003-04-21 | Hon Hai Prec Ind Co Ltd | Distributed project management system and the method thereof |
US20030126197A1 (en) * | 2001-12-28 | 2003-07-03 | Black Brad R. | Efficient content placement using network proximity |
US6931410B2 (en) * | 2002-01-11 | 2005-08-16 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method, apparatus, and program for separate representations of file system locations from referring file systems |
EP1518169A2 (en) * | 2002-02-18 | 2005-03-30 | Axalto SA | Data organization in a smart card |
US7103671B2 (en) * | 2002-03-14 | 2006-09-05 | Yahoo! Inc. | Proxy client-server communication system |
US20030177390A1 (en) * | 2002-03-15 | 2003-09-18 | Rakesh Radhakrishnan | Securing applications based on application infrastructure security techniques |
US8135843B2 (en) * | 2002-03-22 | 2012-03-13 | Citrix Systems, Inc. | Methods and systems for providing access to an application |
US7039701B2 (en) * | 2002-03-27 | 2006-05-02 | International Business Machines Corporation | Providing management functions in decentralized networks |
US7251689B2 (en) * | 2002-03-27 | 2007-07-31 | International Business Machines Corporation | Managing storage resources in decentralized networks |
US7069318B2 (en) | 2002-03-27 | 2006-06-27 | International Business Machines Corporation | Content tracking in transient network communities |
US7181536B2 (en) * | 2002-03-27 | 2007-02-20 | International Business Machines Corporation | Interminable peer relationships in transient communities |
US7177929B2 (en) * | 2002-03-27 | 2007-02-13 | International Business Machines Corporation | Persisting node reputations in transient network communities |
US7143139B2 (en) | 2002-03-27 | 2006-11-28 | International Business Machines Corporation | Broadcast tiers in decentralized networks |
US7096249B2 (en) * | 2002-03-29 | 2006-08-22 | Intel Corporation | Method and system for distributing applications |
US7596611B1 (en) * | 2002-04-01 | 2009-09-29 | Veritas Operating Corporation | Method and apparatus for maintaining information for use in the configuration of a client |
TW550467B (en) * | 2002-04-15 | 2003-09-01 | Htc Corp | Method and electronic device allowing an HTML document to access local system resource |
US20030225890A1 (en) * | 2002-06-03 | 2003-12-04 | Dunstan Robert A. | State token for thin client devices |
US7454458B2 (en) * | 2002-06-24 | 2008-11-18 | Ntt Docomo, Inc. | Method and system for application load balancing |
US20040015976A1 (en) * | 2002-06-28 | 2004-01-22 | Sun Microsystems, Inc., A Delaware Corporation | Optimized distributed resource management system with digital signature |
US7418702B2 (en) * | 2002-08-06 | 2008-08-26 | Sheng (Ted) Tai Tsao | Concurrent web based multi-task support for control management system |
US8631162B2 (en) * | 2002-08-30 | 2014-01-14 | Broadcom Corporation | System and method for network interfacing in a multiple network environment |
US7934021B2 (en) | 2002-08-29 | 2011-04-26 | Broadcom Corporation | System and method for network interfacing |
WO2004021628A2 (en) * | 2002-08-29 | 2004-03-11 | Broadcom Corporation | System and method for network interfacing |
US20080313282A1 (en) | 2002-09-10 | 2008-12-18 | Warila Bruce W | User interface, operating system and architecture |
US7359933B1 (en) * | 2002-09-26 | 2008-04-15 | Oracle International Corporation | Providing remote access to network applications using a dual proxy |
US20040205240A1 (en) * | 2002-11-21 | 2004-10-14 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method, system, and computer program product for providing a four-tier corba architecture |
US7146611B1 (en) * | 2003-02-24 | 2006-12-05 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Method and system for managing memory for software modules |
US7213228B2 (en) * | 2003-03-17 | 2007-05-01 | Macrovision Corporation | Methods and apparatus for implementing a remote application over a network |
US7574691B2 (en) * | 2003-03-17 | 2009-08-11 | Macrovision Corporation | Methods and apparatus for rendering user interfaces and display information on remote client devices |
US7493614B2 (en) * | 2003-03-31 | 2009-02-17 | Microsoft Corporation | System architecture and related methods for dynamically adding software components to extend functionality of system processes |
US7788724B2 (en) * | 2003-04-10 | 2010-08-31 | Symantec Corporation | System and method for detecting malicious applications |
US7386617B2 (en) * | 2003-05-15 | 2008-06-10 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method, system and program product for managing multiple network application versions |
US7508532B2 (en) * | 2003-05-20 | 2009-03-24 | Microsoft Corporation | Method and system for sandboxing printer drivers |
US20040260806A1 (en) * | 2003-06-20 | 2004-12-23 | Eric Martin | System supporting communication between a web enabled application and another application |
EP1652074A4 (en) * | 2003-07-11 | 2008-08-13 | Computer Ass Think Inc | Adding user-defined objects to a modeling tool |
US7549149B2 (en) * | 2003-08-21 | 2009-06-16 | International Business Machines Corporation | Automatic software distribution and installation in a multi-tiered computer network |
US7529728B2 (en) | 2003-09-23 | 2009-05-05 | Salesforce.Com, Inc. | Query optimization in a multi-tenant database system |
US8543566B2 (en) | 2003-09-23 | 2013-09-24 | Salesforce.Com, Inc. | System and methods of improving a multi-tenant database query using contextual knowledge about non-homogeneously distributed tenant data |
US7689685B2 (en) * | 2003-09-26 | 2010-03-30 | International Business Machines Corporation | Autonomic monitoring for web high availability |
US7770204B2 (en) * | 2003-09-30 | 2010-08-03 | Novell, Inc. | Techniques for securing electronic identities |
US8443087B2 (en) * | 2003-10-09 | 2013-05-14 | Rockstar Consortium Us Lp | System for managing sessions and connections in a network |
US7249354B2 (en) * | 2003-10-14 | 2007-07-24 | Microsoft Corporation | System and method for deploying a software build from a plurality of software builds to a target computer |
US20050108706A1 (en) * | 2003-11-14 | 2005-05-19 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method and system for dynamically loading server code on a client to support multiple veresions of client and servers in a client/server application |
JP4459598B2 (en) * | 2003-11-20 | 2010-04-28 | 富士通株式会社 | Automatic transaction apparatus, automatic transaction control method, and control program therefor |
US8782654B2 (en) | 2004-03-13 | 2014-07-15 | Adaptive Computing Enterprises, Inc. | Co-allocating a reservation spanning different compute resources types |
WO2005091136A1 (en) | 2004-03-13 | 2005-09-29 | Cluster Resources, Inc. | System and method for a self-optimizing reservation in time of compute resources |
US20070266388A1 (en) | 2004-06-18 | 2007-11-15 | Cluster Resources, Inc. | System and method for providing advanced reservations in a compute environment |
US8176490B1 (en) | 2004-08-20 | 2012-05-08 | Adaptive Computing Enterprises, Inc. | System and method of interfacing a workload manager and scheduler with an identity manager |
WO2006043320A1 (en) * | 2004-10-20 | 2006-04-27 | Fujitsu Limited | Application management program, application management method, and application management device |
JP4558740B2 (en) * | 2004-10-20 | 2010-10-06 | 富士通株式会社 | Application management program, application management method, and application management apparatus |
CA2586763C (en) | 2004-11-08 | 2013-12-17 | Cluster Resources, Inc. | System and method of providing system jobs within a compute environment |
WO2006051967A1 (en) * | 2004-11-12 | 2006-05-18 | Justsystems Corporation | Data processing device, data processing system, data processing relay device, and data processing method |
US8863143B2 (en) | 2006-03-16 | 2014-10-14 | Adaptive Computing Enterprises, Inc. | System and method for managing a hybrid compute environment |
US8631130B2 (en) | 2005-03-16 | 2014-01-14 | Adaptive Computing Enterprises, Inc. | Reserving resources in an on-demand compute environment from a local compute environment |
US7685289B2 (en) * | 2005-03-15 | 2010-03-23 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method and apparatus for proxying initial client requests to support asynchronous resource initialization |
US9231886B2 (en) | 2005-03-16 | 2016-01-05 | Adaptive Computing Enterprises, Inc. | Simple integration of an on-demand compute environment |
US9015324B2 (en) | 2005-03-16 | 2015-04-21 | Adaptive Computing Enterprises, Inc. | System and method of brokering cloud computing resources |
US20060225037A1 (en) * | 2005-03-30 | 2006-10-05 | Microsoft Corporation | Enabling UI template customization and reuse through parameterization |
US8782120B2 (en) | 2005-04-07 | 2014-07-15 | Adaptive Computing Enterprises, Inc. | Elastic management of compute resources between a web server and an on-demand compute environment |
WO2006108187A2 (en) | 2005-04-07 | 2006-10-12 | Cluster Resources, Inc. | On-demand access to compute resources |
US8214754B2 (en) | 2005-04-15 | 2012-07-03 | Microsoft Corporation | Registration of applications and complimentary features for interactive user interfaces |
US7783742B2 (en) * | 2005-06-02 | 2010-08-24 | Microsoft Corporation | Dynamic process recovery in a distributed environment |
US20110225243A1 (en) * | 2005-06-08 | 2011-09-15 | John Almeida | Method for global resources sharing, logically linked means and integrated functionality for solutions building |
EP1909511A1 (en) * | 2005-07-26 | 2008-04-09 | Lanetro Zed, s.a. | Application activation method |
US20070094400A1 (en) * | 2005-10-20 | 2007-04-26 | Childress Rhonda L | Software installation within a federation |
AU2006320203B2 (en) * | 2005-12-02 | 2011-12-01 | Citrix Systems, Inc. | Method and apparatus for providing authentication credentials from a proxy server to a virtualized computing environment to access a remote resource |
US20070162702A1 (en) * | 2006-01-06 | 2007-07-12 | Yang Lei | System and method for acquiring data from a cache in a distributed network |
US8650568B2 (en) * | 2006-07-05 | 2014-02-11 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method and system for transforming orders for executing them in standard workflow engines |
US8650574B2 (en) * | 2006-07-05 | 2014-02-11 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method and system for dynamically creating and modifying resource topologies and executing systems management flows |
US7779085B2 (en) * | 2006-07-17 | 2010-08-17 | Research In Motion Limited | Automatic mobile device configuration |
US8782085B2 (en) * | 2007-04-10 | 2014-07-15 | Apertio Limited | Variant entries in network data repositories |
US8140676B2 (en) * | 2007-04-10 | 2012-03-20 | Apertio Limited | Data access in distributed server systems |
US8402147B2 (en) * | 2007-04-10 | 2013-03-19 | Apertio Limited | Nomadic subscriber data system |
US9112873B2 (en) * | 2007-04-10 | 2015-08-18 | Apertio Limited | Alias hiding in network data repositories |
US8041773B2 (en) | 2007-09-24 | 2011-10-18 | The Research Foundation Of State University Of New York | Automatic clustering for self-organizing grids |
US20090094312A1 (en) * | 2007-10-03 | 2009-04-09 | Powley John J | Methods and systems for dynamic code extension |
US7925694B2 (en) | 2007-10-19 | 2011-04-12 | Citrix Systems, Inc. | Systems and methods for managing cookies via HTTP content layer |
US20090164471A1 (en) * | 2007-12-19 | 2009-06-25 | Jinmei Shen | Managing Distributed Data |
CN101984778B (en) | 2008-01-26 | 2014-08-13 | 思杰系统有限公司 | Systems and methods for fine grain policy driven COOKIE proxying |
US9361366B1 (en) | 2008-06-03 | 2016-06-07 | Salesforce.Com, Inc. | Method and system for controlling access to a multi-tenant database system using a virtual portal |
US7877461B1 (en) | 2008-06-30 | 2011-01-25 | Google Inc. | System and method for adding dynamic information to digitally signed mobile applications |
US8473518B1 (en) | 2008-07-03 | 2013-06-25 | Salesforce.Com, Inc. | Techniques for processing group membership data in a multi-tenant database system |
JP4722973B2 (en) * | 2008-08-12 | 2011-07-13 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Request processing method and computer system |
US20100083246A1 (en) * | 2008-09-29 | 2010-04-01 | Synopsys, Inc. | System and method for verifying delivered software |
JP5308127B2 (en) * | 2008-11-17 | 2013-10-09 | 株式会社豊田中央研究所 | Power supply system |
US8918761B1 (en) * | 2008-12-05 | 2014-12-23 | Amazon Technologies, Inc. | Elastic application framework for deploying software |
US8185566B2 (en) * | 2009-01-15 | 2012-05-22 | Microsoft Corporation | Client-based caching of remote files |
US20100192224A1 (en) * | 2009-01-26 | 2010-07-29 | International Business Machines Corporation | Sandbox web navigation |
US8296321B2 (en) | 2009-02-11 | 2012-10-23 | Salesforce.Com, Inc. | Techniques for changing perceivable stimuli associated with a user interface for an on-demand database service |
US8627451B2 (en) * | 2009-08-21 | 2014-01-07 | Red Hat, Inc. | Systems and methods for providing an isolated execution environment for accessing untrusted content |
US10482425B2 (en) | 2009-09-29 | 2019-11-19 | Salesforce.Com, Inc. | Techniques for managing functionality changes of an on-demand database system |
US10877695B2 (en) | 2009-10-30 | 2020-12-29 | Iii Holdings 2, Llc | Memcached server functionality in a cluster of data processing nodes |
US11720290B2 (en) | 2009-10-30 | 2023-08-08 | Iii Holdings 2, Llc | Memcached server functionality in a cluster of data processing nodes |
US8443366B1 (en) | 2009-12-11 | 2013-05-14 | Salesforce.Com, Inc. | Techniques for establishing a parallel processing framework for a multi-tenant on-demand database system |
US8776067B1 (en) | 2009-12-11 | 2014-07-08 | Salesforce.Com, Inc. | Techniques for utilizing computational resources in a multi-tenant on-demand database system |
US9684785B2 (en) * | 2009-12-17 | 2017-06-20 | Red Hat, Inc. | Providing multiple isolated execution environments for securely accessing untrusted content |
US8977675B2 (en) | 2010-03-26 | 2015-03-10 | Salesforce.Com, Inc. | Methods and systems for providing time and date specific software user interfaces |
US9189090B2 (en) * | 2010-03-26 | 2015-11-17 | Salesforce.Com, Inc. | Techniques for interpreting signals from computer input devices |
US8977739B2 (en) | 2010-05-03 | 2015-03-10 | Salesforce.Com, Inc. | Configurable frame work for testing and analysis of client-side web browser page performance |
US8595181B2 (en) | 2010-05-03 | 2013-11-26 | Salesforce.Com, Inc. | Report preview caching techniques in a multi-tenant database |
US8972431B2 (en) | 2010-05-06 | 2015-03-03 | Salesforce.Com, Inc. | Synonym supported searches |
US8819632B2 (en) | 2010-07-09 | 2014-08-26 | Salesforce.Com, Inc. | Techniques for distributing information in a computer network related to a software anomaly |
US9069901B2 (en) | 2010-08-19 | 2015-06-30 | Salesforce.Com, Inc. | Software and framework for reusable automated testing of computer software systems |
US8762964B2 (en) * | 2010-12-17 | 2014-06-24 | Cisco Technology, Inc. | Optimizing symbol manipulation language-based executable applications for distributed execution |
US8874696B1 (en) * | 2010-12-17 | 2014-10-28 | Emc Corporation | Common cache service |
US9027151B2 (en) | 2011-02-17 | 2015-05-05 | Red Hat, Inc. | Inhibiting denial-of-service attacks using group controls |
US20140006598A1 (en) * | 2012-06-29 | 2014-01-02 | Nokia Corporation | Methods, apparatuses and computer program products for facilitating dynamic origin-based domain allocation |
CN104035789B (en) * | 2013-03-07 | 2018-11-27 | 腾讯科技(深圳)有限公司 | The method for down loading and system of application program, downloading and shared terminal |
US20150081400A1 (en) * | 2013-09-19 | 2015-03-19 | Infosys Limited | Watching ARM |
US9417863B2 (en) * | 2013-09-27 | 2016-08-16 | Western Digital Technologies, Inc. | System and method for expedited loading of an image onto a storage device |
US9819766B1 (en) | 2014-07-30 | 2017-11-14 | Google Llc | System and method for improving infrastructure to infrastructure communications |
US9817648B2 (en) | 2016-01-15 | 2017-11-14 | Google Inc. | Application containers with dynamic sub-package loading |
EP3403177B1 (en) * | 2016-01-15 | 2022-09-14 | Google LLC | Managing delivery of code and dependent data using application containers |
US10291467B2 (en) | 2016-09-16 | 2019-05-14 | Oracle International Corporation | Deploying a server stack having a cross-server dependency |
US20180293234A1 (en) * | 2017-04-10 | 2018-10-11 | Bdna Corporation | Curating objects |
US10771601B2 (en) | 2017-05-15 | 2020-09-08 | Red Hat, Inc. | Distributing requests for data among servers based on indicators of intent to access the data |
US10489287B2 (en) | 2017-05-15 | 2019-11-26 | Bank Of America Corporation | Conducting automated software testing using centralized controller and distributed test host servers |
US10223248B2 (en) | 2017-05-15 | 2019-03-05 | Bank Of America Corporation | Conducting automated software testing using centralized controller and distributed test host servers |
US10261892B2 (en) | 2017-05-24 | 2019-04-16 | Bank Of America Corporation | Cloud-based automated test execution factory |
Family Cites Families (47)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0384339B1 (en) | 1989-02-24 | 1997-04-02 | Digital Equipment Corporation | Broker for computer network server selection |
US5280547A (en) | 1990-06-08 | 1994-01-18 | Xerox Corporation | Dense aggregative hierarhical techniques for data analysis |
US6235525B1 (en) * | 1991-05-23 | 2001-05-22 | Ludwig Institute For Cancer Research | Isolated nucleic acid molecules coding for tumor rejection antigen precursor MAGE-3 and uses thereof |
US5642515A (en) * | 1992-04-17 | 1997-06-24 | International Business Machines Corporation | Network server for local and remote resources |
US5497334A (en) | 1993-02-19 | 1996-03-05 | International Business Machines Corporation | Application generator for use in verifying a hierarchical circuit design |
US6185619B1 (en) * | 1996-12-09 | 2001-02-06 | Genuity Inc. | Method and apparatus for balancing the process load on network servers according to network and serve based policies |
US5961582A (en) * | 1994-10-25 | 1999-10-05 | Acorn Technologies, Inc. | Distributed and portable execution environment |
US5774668A (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 1998-06-30 | Microsoft Corporation | System for on-line service in which gateway computer uses service map which includes loading condition of servers broadcasted by application servers for load balancing |
US5862344A (en) * | 1995-08-28 | 1999-01-19 | Ncr Corporation | Apparatus and methods for routing data packets through a processing system network |
US5774689A (en) | 1995-09-22 | 1998-06-30 | Bell Atlantic Network Services, Inc. | Network configuration management system for digital communication networks |
US5797010A (en) * | 1995-12-22 | 1998-08-18 | Time Warner Cable | Multiple run-time execution environment support in a set-top processor |
US5930768A (en) * | 1996-02-06 | 1999-07-27 | Supersonic Boom, Inc. | Method and system for remote user controlled manufacturing |
US5764814A (en) | 1996-03-22 | 1998-06-09 | Microsoft Corporation | Representation and encoding of general arbitrary shapes |
US5960200A (en) * | 1996-05-03 | 1999-09-28 | I-Cube | System to transition an enterprise to a distributed infrastructure |
US5918013A (en) * | 1996-06-03 | 1999-06-29 | Webtv Networks, Inc. | Method of transcoding documents in a network environment using a proxy server |
US5857201A (en) * | 1996-06-18 | 1999-01-05 | Wright Strategies, Inc. | Enterprise connectivity to handheld devices |
US5881230A (en) * | 1996-06-24 | 1999-03-09 | Microsoft Corporation | Method and system for remote automation of object oriented applications |
US6061738A (en) * | 1997-06-27 | 2000-05-09 | D&I Systems, Inc. | Method and system for accessing information on a network using message aliasing functions having shadow callback functions |
US6092105A (en) * | 1996-07-12 | 2000-07-18 | Intraware, Inc. | System and method for vending retail software and other sets of information to end users |
US5922045A (en) * | 1996-07-16 | 1999-07-13 | At&T Corp. | Method and apparatus for providing bookmarks when listening to previously recorded audio programs |
US5790789A (en) * | 1996-08-02 | 1998-08-04 | Suarez; Larry | Method and architecture for the creation, control and deployment of services within a distributed computer environment |
US5774660A (en) * | 1996-08-05 | 1998-06-30 | Resonate, Inc. | World-wide-web server with delayed resource-binding for resource-based load balancing on a distributed resource multi-node network |
JP3409652B2 (en) * | 1996-09-02 | 2003-05-26 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | Multimedia information providing device |
US6012083A (en) * | 1996-09-24 | 2000-01-04 | Ricoh Company Ltd. | Method and apparatus for document processing using agents to process transactions created based on document content |
US6067580A (en) * | 1997-03-11 | 2000-05-23 | International Business Machines Corporation | Integrating distributed computing environment remote procedure calls with an advisory work load manager |
US5878218A (en) * | 1997-03-17 | 1999-03-02 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method and system for creating and utilizing common caches for internetworks |
US5958010A (en) * | 1997-03-20 | 1999-09-28 | Firstsense Software, Inc. | Systems and methods for monitoring distributed applications including an interface running in an operating system kernel |
US5875322A (en) * | 1997-03-31 | 1999-02-23 | International Business Machines Corporation | Making a control available to a computer without installing the control |
US6061517A (en) * | 1997-03-31 | 2000-05-09 | International Business Machines Corporation | Multi-tier debugging |
US5883626A (en) * | 1997-03-31 | 1999-03-16 | International Business Machines Corporation | Docking and floating menu/tool bar |
US5987608A (en) * | 1997-05-13 | 1999-11-16 | Netscape Communications Corporation | Java security mechanism |
US5987454A (en) * | 1997-06-09 | 1999-11-16 | Hobbs; Allen | Method and apparatus for selectively augmenting retrieved text, numbers, maps, charts, still pictures and/or graphics, moving pictures and/or graphics and audio information from a network resource |
US6453334B1 (en) * | 1997-06-16 | 2002-09-17 | Streamtheory, Inc. | Method and apparatus to allow remotely located computer programs and/or data to be accessed on a local computer in a secure, time-limited manner, with persistent caching |
SE512110C2 (en) * | 1997-06-17 | 2000-01-24 | Ericsson Telefon Ab L M | Systems and procedures for customizing wireless communication devices |
US5919257A (en) * | 1997-08-08 | 1999-07-06 | Novell, Inc. | Networked workstation intrusion detection system |
US6134581A (en) * | 1997-10-06 | 2000-10-17 | Sun Microsystems, Inc. | Method and system for remotely browsing objects |
US6282709B1 (en) * | 1997-11-12 | 2001-08-28 | Philips Electronics North America Corporation | Software update manager |
US5889520A (en) * | 1997-11-13 | 1999-03-30 | International Business Machines Corporation | Topological view of a multi-tier network |
US6202207B1 (en) * | 1998-01-28 | 2001-03-13 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method and a mechanism for synchronized updating of interoperating software |
US6112228A (en) * | 1998-02-13 | 2000-08-29 | Novell, Inc. | Client inherited functionally derived from a proxy topology where each proxy is independently configured |
US6012067A (en) * | 1998-03-02 | 2000-01-04 | Sarkar; Shyam Sundar | Method and apparatus for storing and manipulating objects in a plurality of relational data managers on the web |
US6148340A (en) * | 1998-04-30 | 2000-11-14 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method and system for differencing container files |
US6167567A (en) * | 1998-05-05 | 2000-12-26 | 3Com Corporation | Technique for automatically updating software stored on a client computer in a networked client-server environment |
US6381742B2 (en) * | 1998-06-19 | 2002-04-30 | Microsoft Corporation | Software package management |
US6119247A (en) * | 1998-06-22 | 2000-09-12 | International Business Machines Corporation | Remote debugging of internet applications |
US6993759B2 (en) * | 1999-10-05 | 2006-01-31 | Borland Software Corporation | Diagrammatic control of software in a version control system |
US7127526B1 (en) * | 2000-03-20 | 2006-10-24 | Nortel Networks Limited | Method and apparatus for dynamically loading and managing software services on a network device |
-
1998
- 1998-06-29 US US09/106,868 patent/US6446109B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1999
- 1999-03-12 US US09/267,794 patent/US6868448B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2004
- 2004-06-24 US US10/875,905 patent/US7206844B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (90)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6957247B1 (en) * | 1999-09-22 | 2005-10-18 | Ates Gorkem I | Internet system |
US6457047B1 (en) * | 2000-05-08 | 2002-09-24 | Verity, Inc. | Application caching system and method |
US6895444B1 (en) * | 2000-09-15 | 2005-05-17 | Motorola, Inc. | Service framework with local proxy for representing remote services |
US7194544B2 (en) * | 2000-12-14 | 2007-03-20 | Borland Software Corporation | Method and system for dynamic protocol selection among object-handled specified protocols |
US20040153511A1 (en) * | 2001-01-02 | 2004-08-05 | Tony Maynard | Exchanging electronic messages between a host computer system and a distributed computer system |
US20020150243A1 (en) * | 2001-04-12 | 2002-10-17 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method and system for controlled distribution of application code and content data within a computer network |
US20090083542A1 (en) * | 2001-04-12 | 2009-03-26 | David John Craft | Method and system for controlled distribution of application code and content data within a computer network |
US7603703B2 (en) * | 2001-04-12 | 2009-10-13 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method and system for controlled distribution of application code and content data within a computer network |
US7650491B2 (en) | 2001-04-12 | 2010-01-19 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method and system for controlled distribution of application code and content data within a computer network |
US20050091376A1 (en) * | 2001-10-12 | 2005-04-28 | Helfman Nadav B. | Apparatus and method for optimized and secured reflection of network services to remote locations |
US9049071B2 (en) * | 2001-10-26 | 2015-06-02 | Blackberry Limited | System and method for controlling configuration settings for mobile communication devices and services |
US11310219B2 (en) | 2001-10-26 | 2022-04-19 | Blackberry Limited | System and method for controlling configuration settings for mobile communication devices and services |
US10476865B2 (en) | 2001-10-26 | 2019-11-12 | Blackberry Limited | System and method for controlling configuration settings for mobile communication devices and services |
US20120303770A1 (en) * | 2001-10-26 | 2012-11-29 | Research In Motion Limited | System and method for controlling configuration settings for mobile communication devices and services |
US20060112144A1 (en) * | 2001-11-16 | 2006-05-25 | Sigmatel, Inc. | Remote-directed management of media content |
US7478084B2 (en) * | 2001-11-16 | 2009-01-13 | Sigmatel Inc. | Remote-directed management of media content |
WO2003050641A3 (en) * | 2001-12-10 | 2004-02-26 | Virtual Locality Ltd | Apparatus and method for optimized and secured reflection of network services to remote locations |
US9047582B2 (en) | 2002-06-18 | 2015-06-02 | Ca, Inc. | Methods and systems for managing enterprise assets |
US7668947B2 (en) | 2002-06-18 | 2010-02-23 | Computer Associates Think, Inc. | Methods and systems for managing assets |
US20040010571A1 (en) * | 2002-06-18 | 2004-01-15 | Robin Hutchinson | Methods and systems for managing enterprise assets |
WO2003107211A1 (en) * | 2002-06-18 | 2003-12-24 | Esecurityonline | Methods and systems for managing enterprise assets |
US20030233438A1 (en) * | 2002-06-18 | 2003-12-18 | Robin Hutchinson | Methods and systems for managing assets |
US20040073666A1 (en) * | 2002-08-27 | 2004-04-15 | Foster Ward Scott | Secure resource access |
US7373662B2 (en) * | 2002-08-27 | 2008-05-13 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Secure resource access |
US8516470B1 (en) * | 2002-12-16 | 2013-08-20 | Symantec Corporation | Version upgrade via viral infection |
US20060139187A1 (en) * | 2003-05-08 | 2006-06-29 | Sap Ag | Pattern-driven, message-oriented compression apparatus and method |
US20140380439A1 (en) * | 2003-09-23 | 2014-12-25 | At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. | Methods of Resetting Passwords in Network Service Systems Including User Redirection and Related Systems and Computer Program Products |
US9407630B2 (en) * | 2003-09-23 | 2016-08-02 | At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. | Methods of resetting passwords in network service systems including user redirection and related systems and computer program products |
US20050138116A1 (en) * | 2003-12-22 | 2005-06-23 | Bjorn Bjare | Method of and system for application service exchange across different execution environments |
US7958496B2 (en) * | 2003-12-22 | 2011-06-07 | Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ) | Method of and system for application service exchange across different execution environments |
US20130205230A1 (en) * | 2004-02-12 | 2013-08-08 | International Business Machines Corporation | Establishing a chat session between users in a network system |
US10713230B2 (en) | 2004-04-02 | 2020-07-14 | Salesforce.Com, Inc. | Custom entities and fields in a multi-tenant database system |
US7702794B1 (en) * | 2004-11-16 | 2010-04-20 | Charles Schwab & Co. | System and method for providing silent sign on across distributed applications |
US20100146613A1 (en) * | 2004-11-16 | 2010-06-10 | Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. | System and method for providing silent sign on across distributed applications |
US8701173B2 (en) | 2004-11-16 | 2014-04-15 | Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. | System and method for providing silent sign on across distributed applications |
US20090187564A1 (en) * | 2005-08-01 | 2009-07-23 | Business Objects Americas | Processor for Fast Phrase Searching |
US8131730B2 (en) | 2005-08-01 | 2012-03-06 | SAP America, Inc. | Processor for fast phrase searching |
US8135717B2 (en) | 2005-08-01 | 2012-03-13 | SAP America, Inc. | Processor for fast contextual matching |
US20090193005A1 (en) * | 2005-08-01 | 2009-07-30 | Business Objects Americas | Processor for Fast Contextual Matching |
US10235148B2 (en) | 2005-09-09 | 2019-03-19 | Salesforce.Com, Inc. | Systems and methods for exporting, publishing, browsing and installing on-demand applications in a multi-tenant database environment |
US9378227B2 (en) | 2005-09-09 | 2016-06-28 | Salesforce.Com, Inc. | Systems and methods for exporting, publishing, browsing and installing on-demand applications in a multi-tenant database environment |
US8244759B2 (en) * | 2005-09-09 | 2012-08-14 | Salesforce.Com, Inc. | Systems and methods for exporting, publishing, browsing and installing on-demand applications in a multi-tenant database environment |
US20100223284A1 (en) * | 2005-09-09 | 2010-09-02 | Salesforce.Com, Inc. | Systems and methods for exporting, publishing, browsing and installing on-demand applications in a multi-tenant database environment |
US9195687B2 (en) | 2005-09-09 | 2015-11-24 | Salesforce.Com, Inc. | System, method and computer program product for validating one or more metadata objects |
US8799233B2 (en) | 2005-09-09 | 2014-08-05 | Salesforce.Com, Inc. | System, method and computer program product for validating one or more metadata objects |
US20110202508A1 (en) * | 2005-09-09 | 2011-08-18 | Salesforce.Com, Inc. | System, method and computer program product for validating one or more metadata objects |
US11314494B2 (en) | 2005-09-09 | 2022-04-26 | Salesforce.Com, Inc. | Systems and methods for exporting, publishing, browsing and installing on-demand applications in a multi-tenant database environment |
US11704102B2 (en) | 2005-09-09 | 2023-07-18 | Salesforce, Inc. | Systems and methods for exporting, publishing, browsing and installing on-demand applications in a multi-tenant database environment |
US10521211B2 (en) | 2005-09-09 | 2019-12-31 | Salesforce.Com, Inc. | Systems and methods for exporting, publishing, browsing and installing on-demand applications in a multi-tenant database environment |
US9298750B2 (en) | 2005-09-09 | 2016-03-29 | Salesforce.Com, Inc. | System, method and computer program product for validating one or more metadata objects |
US20070185929A1 (en) * | 2006-02-01 | 2007-08-09 | Sap Portals Isreal Ltd. | Method and apparatus for processing monitoring |
US20070226227A1 (en) * | 2006-03-27 | 2007-09-27 | Sap Portals Israel Ltd. | Method and apparatus for delivering managed applications to remote locations |
US7774323B2 (en) | 2006-03-27 | 2010-08-10 | Sap Portals Israel Ltd. | Method and apparatus for delivering managed applications to remote locations |
US8396214B2 (en) | 2006-11-02 | 2013-03-12 | SAP Portals Israel Limited | Method and apparatus for centrally managed encrypted partition |
US20080107262A1 (en) * | 2006-11-02 | 2008-05-08 | Sap Portals Israel Ltd. | Method and apparatus for centrally managed encrypted partition |
US10176271B2 (en) * | 2008-07-15 | 2019-01-08 | International Business Machines Corporation | Command line interface browser |
US20100017720A1 (en) * | 2008-07-15 | 2010-01-21 | International Business Machines Corporation | Command line interface browser |
EP2251800A3 (en) * | 2009-03-27 | 2011-10-19 | Business Objects Software Ltd. | Client server systems and methods for accessing metadata information across a network using proxies |
EP2449475A4 (en) * | 2009-06-30 | 2012-12-19 | Ericsson Telefon Ab L M | An information processing system and method providing a remote access |
US8671178B2 (en) * | 2009-06-30 | 2014-03-11 | Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ) | Information processing system and method providing a remote access |
EP2449475A1 (en) * | 2009-06-30 | 2012-05-09 | Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson (publ) | An information processing system and method providing a remote access |
US20120117192A1 (en) * | 2009-06-30 | 2012-05-10 | Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ) | Information Processing System and Method Providing a Remote Access |
US8380931B2 (en) | 2010-03-12 | 2013-02-19 | Microsoft Corporation | Memory cache data center |
WO2011112750A3 (en) * | 2010-03-12 | 2011-12-29 | Microsoft Corporation | Memory cache data center |
US20110320888A1 (en) * | 2010-06-29 | 2011-12-29 | Verizon Patent And Licensing, Inc. | Load Balancing in Broker-Based Messaging Systems and Methods |
US10135668B2 (en) * | 2010-12-23 | 2018-11-20 | Koninklijke Kpn N.V. | Method, device, system and network architecture for handling a service request |
US20130275540A1 (en) * | 2010-12-23 | 2013-10-17 | Nederlandse Organisatie Voor Toegepast- Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek Tno | Method, Device, System and Network Architecture for Handling a Service Request |
US8924472B1 (en) * | 2011-08-20 | 2014-12-30 | Datastax, Inc. | Embedding application services in a distributed datastore |
US9264519B1 (en) | 2011-08-20 | 2016-02-16 | Datastax, Inc. | Embedding application services in a distributed datastore |
CN102521027A (en) * | 2011-12-02 | 2012-06-27 | 华中科技大学 | Window interface transmission method in virtual desktop system |
US9177129B2 (en) * | 2012-06-27 | 2015-11-03 | Intel Corporation | Devices, systems, and methods for monitoring and asserting trust level using persistent trust log |
US20140006789A1 (en) * | 2012-06-27 | 2014-01-02 | Steven L. Grobman | Devices, systems, and methods for monitoring and asserting trust level using persistent trust log |
US9420040B2 (en) | 2012-07-23 | 2016-08-16 | Via Technologies, Inc. | Hardware resource accessing systems and methods for accessing hardware resources in browser-based operating systems and machine-readable storage medium thereof |
CN103268257A (en) * | 2012-07-23 | 2013-08-28 | 威盛电子股份有限公司 | Hardware resource access system and method for accessing hardware resource of electric device |
CN102984287A (en) * | 2012-11-19 | 2013-03-20 | 青岛海信传媒网络技术有限公司 | Microblog application server and microblog platform chained address sharing method thereof |
US20140355486A1 (en) * | 2013-05-31 | 2014-12-04 | Vonage Network Llc | Method and apparatus for call handling signaling |
US10951771B2 (en) | 2013-05-31 | 2021-03-16 | Vonage Business Inc. | Method and apparatus for call handling control |
US9921818B2 (en) * | 2013-09-12 | 2018-03-20 | Alibaba Group Holding Limited | Method and apparatus of downloading and installing a client |
KR20160054474A (en) * | 2013-09-12 | 2016-05-16 | 알리바바 그룹 홀딩 리미티드 | Method and apparatus of downloading and installing a client |
US20150074660A1 (en) * | 2013-09-12 | 2015-03-12 | Alibaba Group Holding Limited | Method and apparatus of downloading and installing a client |
WO2015038812A1 (en) * | 2013-09-12 | 2015-03-19 | Alibaba Group Holding Limited | Method and apparatus of downloading and installing a client |
KR102087478B1 (en) * | 2013-09-12 | 2020-03-11 | 알리바바 그룹 홀딩 리미티드 | Method and apparatus of downloading and installing a client |
US20170257798A1 (en) * | 2013-12-11 | 2017-09-07 | Viavi Solutions Uk Limited | Method and apparatus for enabling near real time data analysis |
US10142888B2 (en) * | 2013-12-11 | 2018-11-27 | Viavi Solutions Uk Limited | Method and apparatus for enabling near real time data analysis |
US20160112514A1 (en) * | 2014-10-16 | 2016-04-21 | Netapp, Inc. | Methods for migrating data between heterogeneous storage platforms and devices thereof |
US9832269B2 (en) * | 2014-10-16 | 2017-11-28 | Netapp, Inc. | Methods for migrating data between heterogeneous storage platforms and devices thereof |
US10609270B2 (en) | 2014-11-18 | 2020-03-31 | The Invention Science Fund Ii, Llc | Devices, methods and systems for visual imaging arrays |
US10491796B2 (en) | 2014-11-18 | 2019-11-26 | The Invention Science Fund Ii, Llc | Devices, methods and systems for visual imaging arrays |
US20190028721A1 (en) * | 2014-11-18 | 2019-01-24 | Elwha Llc | Imaging device system with edge processing |
US10715635B2 (en) * | 2016-10-10 | 2020-07-14 | Wangsu Science & Technology Co., Ltd. | Node route selection method and system |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US6446109B2 (en) | 2002-09-03 |
US20050021759A1 (en) | 2005-01-27 |
US7206844B2 (en) | 2007-04-17 |
US6868448B1 (en) | 2005-03-15 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US6446109B2 (en) | Application computing environment | |
US6789204B2 (en) | Resource sharing on the internet via the HTTP | |
US6038603A (en) | Processing customized uniform resource locators | |
Thurlow | RPC: Remote procedure call protocol specification version 2 | |
US6763468B2 (en) | Method and apparatus for authenticating users | |
US6907530B2 (en) | Secure internet applications with mobile code | |
US6950936B2 (en) | Secure intranet access | |
CN104767834B (en) | System and method for the transmission for accelerating to calculate environment to remote user | |
US5586260A (en) | Method and apparatus for authenticating a client to a server in computer systems which support different security mechanisms | |
US7016945B2 (en) | Entry distribution in a directory server | |
US20060168136A1 (en) | System and method for launching a resource in a network | |
US8346966B1 (en) | Transparent file system access for wide area network file system acceleration | |
US20080244265A1 (en) | Mobility device management server | |
JP2000347994A (en) | Single sign-on used for network system including plural individually controlled limited access resources | |
JP2002505459A (en) | Specify security requirements for each method | |
GB2352850A (en) | Simulating web cookies for non-cookie capable browsers | |
WO2005036304A2 (en) | Mobility device server | |
JP2002334056A (en) | System and method for executing log-in in behalf of user | |
US7243138B1 (en) | Techniques for dynamic rule-based response to a request for a resource on a network | |
US20050154915A1 (en) | Networked computer user identification and authentication apparatus method and system | |
WO2002011090A2 (en) | Method and apparatus for authentication and payment for devices participating in jini communities | |
EP1169675A2 (en) | Resource locator | |
EP1969817B1 (en) | Method and system for externalizing http security message handling with macro support | |
US6957247B1 (en) | Internet system | |
JP2002505477A (en) | Stack-based security requirements |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: SUN MICROSYSTEMS, INC., CALIFORNIA Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:GUPTA, ABHAY K.;REEL/FRAME:009288/0195 Effective date: 19980629 |
|
STCF | Information on status: patent grant |
Free format text: PATENTED CASE |
|
FPAY | Fee payment |
Year of fee payment: 4 |
|
FPAY | Fee payment |
Year of fee payment: 8 |
|
FPAY | Fee payment |
Year of fee payment: 12 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: ORACLE AMERICA, INC., CALIFORNIA Free format text: MERGER AND CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNORS:ORACLE USA, INC.;SUN MICROSYSTEMS, INC.;ORACLE AMERICA, INC.;REEL/FRAME:037278/0638 Effective date: 20100212 |