US20010004628A1 - Herbicidal composition - Google Patents

Herbicidal composition Download PDF

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US20010004628A1
US20010004628A1 US09/747,914 US74791400A US2001004628A1 US 20010004628 A1 US20010004628 A1 US 20010004628A1 US 74791400 A US74791400 A US 74791400A US 2001004628 A1 US2001004628 A1 US 2001004628A1
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formula
compound
methine
nitrogen
chlorine
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Willy Ruegg
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Syngenta Crop Protection LLC
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Syngenta Crop Protection LLC
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N41/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a sulfur atom bound to a hetero atom
    • A01N41/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a sulfur atom bound to a hetero atom containing a sulfur-to-oxygen double bond
    • A01N41/10—Sulfones; Sulfoxides

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a novel herbicidal synergistic composition that contains a combination of herbicides suitable for selectively controlling weeds in crops of cultivated plants, typically in crops of maize.
  • the invention further relates to a process for controlling weeds in crops of cultivated plants and to the use of said novel composition for this purpose.
  • a 1 is nitro and A 2 is hydrogen or A 1 is methyl and A 2 is methoxy, and their salts, possess herbicidal activity, as is described for example in EP-A-0 338 992.
  • the present invention provides a novel synergistic composition for the selective control of weeds that, in addition to customary inert formulation assistants, contains as active ingredient a mixture of
  • R 1 is CH 2 —OMe, ethyl or hydrogen
  • R 2 is hydrogen or R 1 and R 2 together are the group —CH ⁇ CH—CH ⁇ CH—;
  • R 6 is CH(Me)—CH 2 OMe or ⁇ S>CH(Me)—CH 2 OMe;
  • R 7 is chlorine or SMe
  • R 8 is ethyl
  • R 9 is ethyl, isopropyl or tert.-butyl
  • R 10 is ethyl or n-propyl
  • R 11 is COO ⁇ 1/2 Ca ++ , —CH 2 —CH(Me)S—CH 2 CH 3 or the group and X is oxygen, N—O—CH 2 CH 3 or N—O—CH 2 CH ⁇ CH—Cl;
  • R 12 is hydrogen, methoxy or ethoxy
  • R 13 is Me, methoxy or fluorine
  • R 14 is COOMe, fluorine or chlorine
  • R 15 is hydrogen or Me
  • Y is methine or nitrogen
  • Z is methine or nitrogen
  • R 16 is fluorine or chlorine
  • R 17 is hydrogen or —C(O)—S—n-octyl
  • R 18 is bromine or iodine
  • R 19 is chlorine or nitro
  • R 20 is fluorine or chlorine and R 21 is —CH 2 —CH(Cl)—COOCH 2 CH 3 or —NH—SO 2 Me;
  • R 22 is trifluoromethyl or chlorine
  • R 23 is NH 2 or ⁇ S>NH 2 ;
  • Y 1 is nitrogen, methine or N—Me
  • Y 2 is nitrogen, methine or C—I
  • Y 3 is methine
  • Y 4 is methine
  • Y 3 and Y 4 together are sulphur or C—Cl
  • Y 5 is nitrogen or methine
  • Y 6 is methyl or methoxy
  • R 24 is CONMe 2 , COOMe, CH 2 —CH 2 CF 3 or SO 2 CH 2 CH 3 , or the sodium salts thereof;
  • “Me” signifies the methyl group.
  • the invention also embraces the salts that the compounds of formula I are able to form with amines, alkali metal bases and alkaline earth metal bases or quarternary ammonium bases.
  • Salt-forming alkali metal and alkaline earth metal hydroxides include the hydroxides of lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium or calcium, those of sodium or potassium being especially preferred.
  • Illustrative examples of amines suitable for forming ammonium salts are ammonia, as well as primary, secondary, and tertiary C 1 -C 8 alkylamines, C 1 -C 4 hydroxyalkylamines and C 2 -C 4 alkoxyalkylamines, typically methylamine, ethylamine, n-propylamine, isopropylamine, the four isomeric butylamines, n-amylamine, isoamylamine, hexylamine, heptylamine, octylamine, nonylamine, decylamine, pentadecylamine, hexadecylamine, heptadecylamine, octadecylamine, methyl ethylamine, methyl isopropylamine, methyl hexylamine, methyl nonylamine, methyl pentadecylamine, methyl pentade
  • Preferred amines are triethylamine, isopropylamine and diisopropylamine.
  • the compound of formula I, wherein A 1 is methyl and A 2 is methoxy, is most preferably present in the form of the diisopropylammonium salt.
  • the combination of the compound of formula I with one or more herbicides selected from formulae 2.1 to 2.33 exceeds the expected additive action against the weeds to be controlled and thus in particular enhances the activity range of the individual components in two respects: On the one hand, the concentrations of the single compounds of formulae I and 2.1 to 2.33 are reduced whilst retaining good activity. On the other hand, the novel herbicidal combination also achieves a high degree of weed control where the single compounds have become no longer agriculturally effective at low concentrations. The consequence is a substantial broadening of the activity spectrum against weeds and an additional increase in the selectivity for the cultivated plants that is necessary and desirable in the event of unintentional overapplication of herbicide. In addition, the novel composition permits greater flexibility with respect to subsequent crops while retaining the excellent control of weeds in crops of cultivated plants.
  • composition of the invention may be used against a large number of agronomically important weeds, typically Stellaria, Nasturtium, Agrostis, Digitaria, Avena, Setaria, Sinapis, Lolium, Solanum, Phaseolus, Echinochloa, Scirpus, Monochoria, Sagittaria, Bromus, Alopecurus, Sorghum halepense, Rottboellia, Cyperus, Abutilon, Sida, Xanthium, Amaranthus, Chenopodium, Ipomoea, Chrysanthemum, Galium, Viola, and Veronica.
  • agronomically important weeds typically Stellaria, Nasturtium, Agrostis, Digitaria, Avena, Setaria, Sinapis, Lolium, Solanum, Phaseolus, Echinochloa, Scirpus, Monochoria, Sagittaria, Bromus, Alopecurus, Sorghum halepense, Rottbo
  • composition of this invention is suitable for all methods of application commonly used in agriculture, including preemergence application, postemergence application and seed dressing.
  • the composition of the invention is preferably suitable for weed control in crops of cultivated plants, typically cereals, rape, sugar beet, sugar cane, plantations, rice, maize and soybeans and for the non-selective control of weeds.
  • Crops will also be understood as meaning those crops that have been made tolerant to herbicides or classes of herbicides by conventional breeding or genetic engineering methods.
  • the compounds of formulae 2.1 and 2.3 to 2.13 are known under the names imazamox, imazethapyr, imazaquin, imazapyr, dimethenamid, atrazine, terbutylazin, simazine, terbutyrn, prohexadione calcium, sethoxydim, clethodim, tepraloxydim, flumetsulam, metosulam, pyridate, bromoxynil, ioxynil, sulcotrione, carfentrazone, sulfentrazone, isoxaflutole, glufosinate, primisulfuron, prosulfuron, rimsulfuron, halosulfuron, nicosulfuron, and thifensulfuron and are described in the Pesticide Manual, eleventh ed., British Crop Protection Council, 1997 under the entry numbers 412, 415, 414, 413, 240, 34, 6
  • the compound of formula 2.9 wherein R 19 is NO 2 , is known under the name mesotrione and is described for example in U.S. Pat. No. 5,006,158.
  • Pesticide Manual eleventh ed., British Crop Protection Council, 1997: Compound of formula (name) Pesticide Manual eleventh ed., Entry No.: 2.14 (Metribuzin) 497 2.15 (Aclonifen) 8 2.16 (Glyphosate) 383 2.17 (Bentazone) 65 2.18 (Pendimethalin) 557 2.19 (Dicamba) 210 2.20 (Butylate) 100 2.22 (Clomazone) 150 2.23 (2,4-D) 192 2.24 (Flumiclorac) 340 2.25 (Fluthiacet-methyl) 359 2.26 (Flurtamone) 356 2.27 (Flumioxazin) 341 2.28 (Paraquat) 550 2.29 (Azafenidin) 37 2.30 (Fluthiamid) 51 2.33 (Sulfosate) 383
  • Preferred synergistic mixtures according to the invention contain as active ingredients a compound of formula I and either the compound of formula 2.2 (2.2, aRS, 1′S( ⁇ )N-(1′-methyl-2′-methoxyethyl)-N-chloroacetyl-2-ethyl-6-methylaniline), or a compound of formula 2.3, or a compound of formula 2.4, wherein R 7 is chlorine, R 8 is ethyl and R 9 is isopropyl, or R 7 is chlorine, R 8 is ethyl and R 9 is tert.-butyl, or a compound of formula 2.6, wherein R 12 is hydrogen, Z is methine, R 13 is methyl, Y is nitrogen, R 14 is fluorine, R 15 is hydrogen and R 16 is fluorine, or R 12 is methoxy, Z is methine, R 13 is methoxy, Y is methine, R 14 is chlorine, R 15 is methyl and R 16 is chlorine, or
  • a further group of preferred synergistic mixtures according to the invention contains as active ingredients a compound of formula I, the compound of formula 2.2 (2.2, aRS, 1′S( ⁇ )N-(1′-methyl-2′-methoxyethyl)-N-chloroacetyl-2-ethyl-6-methylaniline), as well as a compound selected from formula 2.4, wherein R 7 is chlorine, R 8 is ethyl and R 9 is isopropyl, or R 7 is chlorine, R 8 is ethyl and R 9 is tert.-butyl, and of formula 2.6, wherein R 12 is hydrogen, Z is methine, R 13 is methyl, Y is nitrogen, R 14 is fluorine, R 15 is hydrogen and R 16 is fluorine, or R 12 is methoxy, Z is methine, R 13 is methoxy, Y is methine, R 14 is chlorine, R 15 is methyl and R 16 is chlorine, and of formula 2.7, wherein R
  • herbicidal combinations are the combinations of compounds of formula I with the compound of formula 2.2 (2.2., aRS, 1′S( ⁇ )N-(1′-methyl-2′-methoxyethyl)-N-chloroacetyl-2-ethyl-6-methylaniline).
  • composition according to the invention contains the active ingredient of formula I and the active ingredients of formulae 2.1 to 2.33 in any ratio, normally with an excess of one component over the others.
  • mixture ratios (weight ratios) between the active ingredient of formula I and the components of formulae 2.1 to 2.33 lie between 1:2000 and 2000:1, especially between 200:1 and 1:200.
  • the rate of application can vary over a wide range and will depend on the nature of the soil, the type of application (pre- or postemergence), seed dressing, application to the seed furrow; no tillage application etc.), the cultivated plant, the weed to be controlled, the respective prevailing climatic conditions; and on other factors governed by the type and time of application and the target crop.
  • the mixture according to the invention may be used at a rate of application of 1 to 5000 g of mixture/ha.
  • the mixtures of the compounds of formula I with the compounds of formulae 2.1 to 2.33 may be used in unmodified form, i.e. as obtained in the synthesis. Preferably, however, they are processed in conventional manner e.g. to emulsifiable concentrates, directly sprayable or dilutable solutions, dilute emulsions, wettable powders, soluble powders, dusts, granulates or microcapsules using the auxiliary agents customarily employed in formulation technology.
  • the methods of application such as spraying, atomising, dusting, wetting, scattering, or pouring—are selected in accordance with the intended objectives and the prevailing circumstances.
  • the formulations i.e. the agents, preparations, or compositions containing the compounds of formula I and 2.1 to 2.33, and optionally one or more than one liquid or solid formulation assistant, are prepared in known manner, e.g. by homogeneously mixing and/or grinding the herbicide with said formulation auxiliaries, typically solvents or solid carriers.
  • Surface-active compounds may additionally be used for preparing the formulations.
  • suitable surface-active compounds are nonionic, cationic and/or anionic surfactants and surfactant mixtures having good emulsifying, dispersing and wetting properties.
  • the herbicidal compositions will usually contain from 0.1 to 99% by weight, preferably from 0.1 to 95% by weight, of compound mixture of the compound of formula I and the compounds of formulae 2.1 to 2.33, from 1 to 99.9% by weight of a solid or liquid formulation assistant, and from 0 to 25% by weight, preferably from 0.1 to 25% by weight, of a surfactant.
  • compositions may also contain further ingredients, such as: stabilisers, e.g. where appropriate epoxidised vegetable oils (epoxidised coconut oil, rapeseed oil, or soybean oil); antifoams, typically silicone oil; preservatives; viscosity regulators; binders; and tackifiers; as well as fertilisers or other chemical agents.
  • stabilisers e.g. where appropriate epoxidised vegetable oils (epoxidised coconut oil, rapeseed oil, or soybean oil); antifoams, typically silicone oil; preservatives; viscosity regulators; binders; and tackifiers; as well as fertilisers or other chemical agents.
  • Emulsifiable concentrates Compound mixture: 1 to 90%, preferably 5 to 20% Surfactant: 1 to 30%, preferably 10 to 20% Liquid carrier: 5 to 94%, preferably 70 to 85% Dusts: Compound mixture: 0.1 to 10%, preferably 0.1 to 5% Solid carrier: 99.9 to 90%, preferably 99.9 to 99% Suspension concentrates: Compound mixture: 5 to 75%, preferably 10 to 50% Water: 94 to 24%, preferably 88 to 30% Surfactant: 1 to 40%, preferably 2 to 30% Wettable powders: Compound mixture: 0.5 to 90%, preferably 1 to 80% Surfactant: 0.5 to 20%, preferably 1 to 15% Solid carrier: 5 to 95%, preferably 15 to 90% Granulates: Compound mixture: 0.1 to 30%, preferably 0.1 to 15% Solid carrier: 99.5 to 70%, preferably 97 to 85%
  • Emulsifiable concentrates a) b) c) d) Compound mixture 5% 10% 25% 50% Calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate 6% 8% 6% 8% Polyethoxylated castor oil 4% — 4% 4% (36 mols EO) Octylphenol polyethoxylate — 4% — 2% (7-8 mols EO) Cyclohexanone — — 10% 20% Aromatic hydrocarbon 85% 78% 55% 16% mixture C 9 -C 12
  • Emulsions of any desired concentration can be prepared by diluting such concentrates with water.
  • the solutions are suitable for use in the form of microdrops.
  • F3. Wettable powders a) b) c) d) Compound mixture 5% 25% 50% 80% Sodium ligninsulfonate 4% — 3% — Sodium lauryl sulfate 2% 3% — 4% Sodium diisobutylnaphthalene sulfonate — 6% 5% 6% Octylphenol polyethoxylate — 1% 2% — (7-8 mols EO) Highly dispersed silicic acid 1% 3% 5% 10% Kaolin 88% 62% 35% —
  • the compound is throughly mixed with the adjuvants and this mixture is ground in a suitable mill to give wettable powders that can be diluted with water to give suspensions of any desired concentration.
  • Ready-to-use dusts are obtained by mixing the active ingredient with the carriers and grinding on a suitable mill.
  • F8. Suspension concentrates a) b) c) d) Compound mixture 3% 10% 25% 50% Ethylene glycol 5% 5% 5% 5% Nonylphenol polyethoxylate — 1% 2% — (15 mols EO) Sodium ligninsulfonate 3% 3% 4% 5% Carboxymethylcellulose 1% 1% 1% 1% 37% aqueous formaldehyde 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% solution Silicone oil emulsion 0.8% 0.8% 0.8% 0.8% Water 87% 79% 62% 38%
  • the finely ground active substance is intimately mixed with the adjuvants.
  • a suspension concentrate is obtained from which suspensions of any desired concentration can be prepared by dilution with water.
  • a synergistic effect is always obtained when the herbicidal action of the combination of compound I and 2.1 to 2.33 is greater than the sum of the action of the individual herbicides.
  • Y the percentage of herbicidal action after treatment with a compound of formula 2.1 to 2.33 at a rate of application of q kg per hectare, compared with untreated controls.
  • test plants are grown under greenhouse conditions in plastic pots until reaching the 2-3 leaf stage. Standard soil is used as the substrate for cultivation.
  • the herbicides are applied to the test plants on their own and in a mixture.
  • the compound of formula I wherein A 1 is nitro and A 2 is hydrogen, is designated as a compound of formula Ia.
  • TABLE 1 Synergistic effect of the mixture of the compound of formula Ia with halosulfuron Ia 75 g/ha + Ia halosulfuron halosulfuron expected activity We Test plant 75 g/ha 100 g/ha 100 g/ha according to Colby maize DK 0 5 0 5 261 Digitaria 50 25 70 63
  • the present invention therefore also relates to a selective herbicidal composition to control grasses and weeds in crops of cultivated plants, especially maize, which contains a compound of formula I, one or more compounds selected from the compounds of formulae 2.1 to 2.33 and a safener (antidote) and to protect the cultivated plants, but not the weeds, from the phytotoxic action of the herbicide, and to the use of said composition for controlling weeds in crops of cultivated plants
  • the invention also provides a selective herbicidal composition
  • a selective herbicidal composition comprising, in addition to customary inert formulation assistants such as carriers, solvents and wetting agents, a mixture of
  • Preferred selective herbicidal compositions contain a) a herbicidally synergistic amount of a compound of formula I, a compound of formula 2.2 (2.2, aRS, 1′S( ⁇ )N-(1′-methyl-2′-methoxyethyl)-N-chloroacetyl-2-ethyl-6-methylaniline), as well as a compound selected from formula 2.4, wherein R 7 is chlorine, R 8 is ethyl and R 9 is isopropyl, or R 7 is chlorine, R 8 is ethyl and R 9 is tert.-butyl, and of formula 2.6, wherein R 12 is hydrogen, Z is methine, R 13 is methyl, Y is nitrogen, R 14 is fluorine, R 15 is hydrogen and R 16 is fluorine, or R 12 is methoxy, Z is methine, R 13 is methoxy, Y is methine, R 14 is chlorine, R 15 is methyl and R 16 is chlorine, and of
  • An especially preferred selective herbicidal composition contains a) a herbicidally synergistic amount of a compound of formula I and a compound of formula 2.2 (2.2, aRS, 1′S( ⁇ )N-(1′-methyl-2′-methoxyethyl)-N-chloroacetyl-2-ethyl-6-methylaniline) and
  • the invention also provides a selective herbicidal composition
  • a selective herbicidal composition comprising, in addition to customary inert formulation assistants such as carriers, solvents and wetting agents, a mixture of
  • the invention additionally relates to a process for the selective control of weeds in crops of cultivated plants, which comprises treating said cultivated plants, the seeds or seedlings or the crop area thereof with a herbicidally effective amount of the herbicide of formula I, if required, one or more herbicides selected from the compounds of formulae 2.1 to 2.33 and, to antagonise the herbicide, an antidotally effective amount of a safener of formula 3.1 to 3.11.
  • the compounds of formulae 3.1 to 3.11 are known and are described for example in the Pesticide Manual, eleventh ed., British Crop Protection Council, 1997 under the entry nos. 61 (formula 3.1, benoxacor), 304 (formula 3.2, fenclorim), 154 (formula 3.3, cloquintocet), 462 (formula 3.4, mefenpyr-diethyl), 377 (formula 3.5, furilazol), 363 (formula 3.8, fluxofenim), 213 (formula 3.9, dichlormid) and 350 (formula 3.10, flurazole)
  • the compound of formula 3.11 is known under the designation MON 4660 (Monsanto).
  • Crop plants which may be protected against the harmful action of the above-mentioned herbicides by the safeners of formulae 3.1 to 3.11 are in particular cereals, cotton, soya, sugar beet, sugar cane, plantations, rape, maize and rice, especially maize. Crops will also be understood as meaning those crops that have been made tolerant to herbicides or classes of herbicides by conventional breeding or genetic engineering methods.
  • the weeds to be controlled may be monocot as well as dicot weeds, typically Stellaria, Agrostis, Digitaria, Avena, Apera, Brachiaria, Phalaris, Setaria, Sinapis, Lolium, Solanum, Echinochloa, Scirpus, Monochoria, Sagittaria, Panicum, Bromus, Alopecurus, Sorghum halepense, Sorghum bicolor, Rottboellia, Cyperus, Abutilon, Sida, Xanthium, Amaranthus, Chenopodium, Ipomoea, Chrysanthemum, Galium, Viola, and Veronica.
  • Crop areas will be understood as meaning the areas already under cultivation with the cultivated plants or seeds thereof, as well as the areas intended for cropping with said cultivated plants.
  • a safener of formula 3.1 to 3.11 can be used for pretreating seeds of the crop plants (dressing of seeds or seedlings) or it can be incorporated in the soil before or after sowing. It can, however, also be applied by itself alone or together with the herbicide postemergence. Treatment of the plant or the seeds with the safener can therefore in principle be carried out irrespective of the time of application of the herbicide. Treatment can, however, also be carried out by simultaneous application of the herbicide and safener (e.g. as tank mixture). The concentration of safener with respect to the herbicide will depend substantially on the mode of application.
  • the ratio of herbicide to safener will usually be from 100:1 to 1:10, preferably 20:1 to 1:1.
  • field treatment it is usual to apply 0.001 to 1.0 kg/ha, preferably 0.001 to 0.25 kg/ha, of safener.
  • the concentration of herbicide is usually in the range from 0.001 to 2 kg/ha, but will preferably be from 0.005 to 0.5 kg/ha.
  • compositions of this invention are suitable for all methods of application commonly used in agriculture, including preemergence application, postemergence application and seed dressing.
  • safener/kg of seeds 0.001 to 10 g of safener/kg of seeds, preferably 0.05 to 2 g of safener/kg of seeds, is usually applied. If the safener is used in liquid form shortly before sowing to effect soaking, then it is preferred to use safener solutions that contain the active ingredient in a concentration of 1 to 10000 ppm, preferably of 100 to 1000 ppm.
  • the safeners of formula 3.1 to 3.11, or mixtures of these safeners with the herbicide of formula I and optionally with one or more herbicides selected from formulae 2.1 to 2.33, conveniently together with the customary assistants of formulation technology to formulations, typically to emulsifiable concentrates, coatable pastes, directly sprayable or dilutable solutions, dilute emulsions, wettable powders, soluble powders, dusts, granulates or microcapsules.
  • Such formulations are described, for example, in WO 97/34485 on pages 9 to 13.
  • the formulations are prepared in known manner, conveniently by homogeneously mixing and/or grinding the active ingredients with liquid or solid formulation assistants, typically solvents or solid carriers.
  • Surface-active compounds surfactants
  • Solvents and solid carriers that are suitable for this purpose are described in WO 97/34485 on page 6.
  • suitable surface-active compounds are nonionic, cationic and/or anionic surfactants and surfactant mixtures having good emulsifying, dispersing and wetting properties.
  • suitable anionic, nonionic, and cationic surfactants are listed in WO 97/34485 on pages 7 and 8.
  • the herbicidal compositions will usually contain from 0.1 to 99% by weight, preferably from 0.1 to 95% by weight, of compound mixture of the compound of formula I, a compound selected from the compounds of formulae 2.1 to 2.33 and the compounds of formulae 3.1 to 3.11, from 1 to 99.9% by weight of a solid or liquid formulation assistant, and from 0 to 25% by weight, preferably from 0.1 to 25% by weight, of a surfactant.
  • a solid or liquid formulation assistant preferably from 1 to 99.9% by weight of a solid or liquid formulation assistant
  • a surfactant preferably from 0.1 to 25% by weight
  • compositions may also contain further ingredients, such as stabilisers, e.g. where appropriate epoxidised vegetable oils (epoxidised coconut oil, rapeseed oil, or soybean oil), antifoams, typically silicone oil, preservatives, viscosity regulators, binders, tackifiers, as well as fertilisers or other chemical agents.
  • stabilisers e.g. where appropriate epoxidised vegetable oils (epoxidised coconut oil, rapeseed oil, or soybean oil), antifoams, typically silicone oil, preservatives, viscosity regulators, binders, tackifiers, as well as fertilisers or other chemical agents.
  • epoxidised vegetable oils epoxidised coconut oil, rapeseed oil, or soybean oil
  • antifoams typically silicone oil
  • preservatives typically silicone oil
  • viscosity regulators binders
  • tackifiers as well as fertilisers or other chemical agents.
  • Different methods and techniques may suit
  • the preferred method of application is either seed dressing or treatment of the germinated seedlings, because the safener treatment is fully concentrated on the target crop.
  • 1 to 1000 g, preferably 5 to 250 g, of safener is used per 100 kg of seeds.
  • the concentrations may deviate above or below the indicated limit values (repeat dressing).
  • a liquid formulation of a mixture of safener and herbicide (reciprocal ratio from 10:1 to 1:100) is used, the concentration of herbicide being from 0.005 to 5.0 kg/ha. This tank mixture is applied before or after sowing.
  • a solution of the active ingredients of formulae 3.1 to 3.11 is applied to a mineral granular carrier or to a polymerised granulate (urea/formaldehyde) and then dried. A coating can then be applied (coated granules) that allows the herbicide to be released at a controlled rate over a specific period of time.
  • Emulsifiable concentrates Compound mixture: 1 to 90%, preferably 5 to 20% Surfactant: 1 to 30%, preferably 10 to 20% Liquid carrier: 5 to 94%, preferably 70 to 85% Dusts: Compound mixture: 0.1 to 10%, preferably 0.1 to 5% Solid carrier: 99.9 to 90%, preferably 99.9 to 99% Suspension concentrates: Compound mixture: 5 to 75%, preferably 10 to 50% Water: 94 to 24%, preferably 88 to 30% Surfactant: 1 to 40%, preferably 2 to 30% Wettable powders: Compound mixture: 0.5 to 90%, preferably 1 to 80% Surfactant: 0.5 to 20%, preferably 1 to 15% Solid carrier: 5 to 95%, preferably 15 to 90% Granulates: Compound mixture: 0.1 to 30%, preferably 0.1 to 15% Solid carrier: 99.5 to 70%, preferably 97 to 85%
  • Emulsions of any desired concentration can be prepared by diluting such concentrates with water.
  • the solutions are suitable for use in the form of microdrops.
  • F3. Wettable powders a) b) c) d) Compound mixture 5% 25% 50% 80% Sodium ligninsulfonate 4% — 3% — Sodium lauryl sulfate 2% 3% — 4% Sodium diisobutylnaphthalene sulfonate — 6% 5% 6% Octylphenol polyethoxylate — 1% 2% — (7-8 mols EO) Highly dispersed silicic acid 1% 3% 5% 10% Kaolin 88% 62% 35% —
  • the compound is throughly mixed with the adjuvants and this mixture is ground in a suitable mill to give wettable powders which can be diluted with water to give suspensions of any desired concentration.
  • Ready-to-use dusts are obtained by mixing the active ingredient with the carriers and grinding on a suitable mill.
  • F8. Suspension concentrates a) b) c) d) Compound mixture 3% 10% 25% 50% Ethylene glycol 5% 5% 5% 5% Nonylphenol polyethoxylate — 1% 2% — (15 mols EO) Sodium ligninsulfonate 3% 3% 4% 5% Carboxymethylcellulose 1% 1% 1% 1% 37% aqueous formaldehyde 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% solution Silicone oil emulsion 0.8% 0.8% 0.8% 0.8% Water 87% 79% 62% 38%
  • the finely ground active substance is intimately mixed with the adjuvants.
  • a suspension concentrate is obtained, from which suspensions of any desired concentration can be prepared by dilution with water.
  • test plants are grown under greenhouse conditions in plastic pots until reaching the 4 leaf stage.
  • the herbicides are applied to the test plants both on their own and in mixtures with the test substances that are to be tested as safeners.
  • Application is effected in the form of an aqueous suspension of the test substances, prepared from a 25% wettable powder [example F3, b)] at 500 l water/ha.
  • the phytotoxic effect of the herbicides on the cultivated plants, such as maize and cereals is evaluated on a percentage scale. 100% indicates that the test plant has perished, 0% indicates no phytotoxic effect.

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Abstract

A herbicidal composition comprising, in addition to customary inert formulation assistants, a compound of formula I
Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00001
wherein either A1 is nitro and A2 is hydrogen or A1 is methyl and A2 is methoxy, and their salts, and b) a synergistically effective amount of one or more compounds selected from the compound of formula 2.1
Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00002
wherein R1 is CH2—OMe, ethyl or hydrogen, R2 is hydrogen or R1 and R2 together are the group —CH═CH—CH═CH—; and the compound of formula 2.2 (2.2, <S>), and the compound of formula 2.3 (2.3), wherein R6 is CH(Me)—CH2OMe or <S>CH(Me)—CH2OMe; and the compound of formula 2.4 (2.4), wherein R7 is chlorine or SMe, R8 is ethyl and R9 is ethyl, isopropyl or tert.-butyl; and the compound of formula 2.5 (2.5), wherein R10 is ethyl or n-propyl, R11 is COO− 1/2 Ca++, —CH2—CH(Me)S—CH2CH3 or the group and X is oxygen, N—O—CH2CH3 or N—O—CH2CH═CH—Cl; and the compound of formula 2.6 (2.6), wherein R12 is hydrogen, methoxy or ethoxy, R13 is Me, methoxy or fluorine, R14 is COOMe, fluorine or chlorine, R15 is hydrogen or Me, Y is methine or nitrogen, Z is methine or nitrogen and R16 is fluorine or chlorine; and the compound of formula 2.7 (2.7), wherein R17 is hydrogen or —C(O)—S—n-octyl; and the compound of formula 2.8 (2.8), wherein R18 is bromine or iodine; and the compound of formula 2.9 (2.9), wherein R19 is chlorine or nitro; and the compound of formula 2.10 (2.10), wherein R20 is fluorine or chlorine and R21 is —CH2—CH(Cl)—COOCH2CH3 or —NH—SO2Me; and the compound of formula 2.11 (2.11), wherein R22 is trifluoromethyl or chlorine; and the compound of formula 2.12 (2.12), wherein R23 is NH2 or <S>NH2; and the compound of formula 2.13 (2.13), wherein Y1 is nitrogen, methine or N—Me, Y2 is nitrogen, methine or C—I, Y3 is methine, Y4 is methine or Y3 and Y4 together are sulphur or C—Cl, Y5 is nitrogen or methine, Y6 is methyl or methoxy and R24 is CONMe2, COOMe, CH2—CH2CF3 or SO2CH2CH3, or the sodium salts thereof; and metribuzin, aclonifen, glyphosate, bentazone, pendimethalin, dicamba, butylate, the compound of formula 2.21 (2.21), Clomazone, 2,4-D, Flumiclorac, Fluthiacet, Fluramone, Flumioxazin, Paraquat, Azafenidin, Thiafluamid, Fentrazimide, Isopropazol and Sulfosate. The compositions according to the invention may also contain a safener.

Description

  • The present invention relates to a novel herbicidal synergistic composition that contains a combination of herbicides suitable for selectively controlling weeds in crops of cultivated plants, typically in crops of maize. The invention further relates to a process for controlling weeds in crops of cultivated plants and to the use of said novel composition for this purpose. [0001]
  • Compounds of formula I [0002]
    Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00003
  • wherein either A[0003] 1 is nitro and A2 is hydrogen or A1 is methyl and A2 is methoxy, and their salts, possess herbicidal activity, as is described for example in EP-A-0 338 992.
  • It has now surprisingly been shown that a combination of active compounds, in a ratio varying within specific limits, i.e. an active ingredient of formula I with one or more of the herbicides of formulae 2.1 to 2.33 listed below, which are known and are partly available commercially, exerts a synergistic effect that is able to control the majority of weeds occurring preferably in crops of cultivated plants preemergence as well as postemergence. [0004]
  • Accordingly, the present invention provides a novel synergistic composition for the selective control of weeds that, in addition to customary inert formulation assistants, contains as active ingredient a mixture of [0005]
  • a) a compound of formula I [0006]
    Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00004
  • wherein either A[0007] 1 is nitro and A2 is hydrogen or A1 is methyl and A2 is methoxy, as well as their salts, and
  • b) a synergistically active amount of one or more compounds selected from the compound of formula 2.1 [0008]
    Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00005
  • wherein R[0009] 1 is CH2—OMe, ethyl or hydrogen,
  • R[0010] 2 is hydrogen or R1 and R2 together are the group —CH═CH—CH═CH—;
  • and the compound of formula 2.2 [0011]
    Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00006
  • and the compound of formula 2.3 [0012]
    Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00007
  • wherein R[0013] 6 is CH(Me)—CH2OMe or <S>CH(Me)—CH2OMe;
  • and the compound of formula 2.4 [0014]
    Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00008
  • wherein R[0015] 7 is chlorine or SMe, R8 is ethyl and R9 is ethyl, isopropyl or tert.-butyl;
  • and the compound of formula 2.5 [0016]
    Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00009
  • wherein R[0017] 10 is ethyl or n-propyl, R11 is COO−1/2 Ca++, —CH2—CH(Me)S—CH2CH3 or the group and X is oxygen, N—O—CH2CH3 or N—O—CH2CH═CH—Cl;
  • and the compound of formula 2.6 [0018]
    Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00010
  • wherein R[0019] 12 is hydrogen, methoxy or ethoxy, R13 is Me, methoxy or fluorine, R14 is COOMe, fluorine or chlorine, R15 is hydrogen or Me, Y is methine or nitrogen, Z is methine or nitrogen and R16 is fluorine or chlorine;
  • and the compound of formula 2.7 [0020]
    Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00011
  • wherein R[0021] 17 is hydrogen or —C(O)—S—n-octyl;
  • and the compound of formula 2.8 [0022]
    Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00012
  • wherein R[0023] 18 is bromine or iodine;
  • and the compound of formula 2.9 [0024]
    Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00013
  • wherein R[0025] 19 is chlorine or nitro;
  • and the compound of formula 2.10 [0026]
    Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00014
  • wherein R[0027] 20 is fluorine or chlorine and R21 is —CH2—CH(Cl)—COOCH2CH3 or —NH—SO2Me;
  • and the compound of formula 2.11 [0028]
    Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00015
  • wherein R[0029] 22 is trifluoromethyl or chlorine;
  • and the compound of formula 2.12 [0030]
    Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00016
  • wherein R[0031] 23 is NH2 or <S>NH2;
  • and the compound of formula 2.13 [0032]
    Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00017
  • wherein Y[0033] 1 is nitrogen, methine or N—Me, Y2 is nitrogen, methine or C—I, Y3 is methine, Y4 is methine, or Y3 and Y4 together are sulphur or C—Cl, Y5 is nitrogen or methine, Y6 is methyl or methoxy and R24 is CONMe2, COOMe, CH2—CH2CF3 or SO2CH2CH3, or the sodium salts thereof;
  • and the compound of formula 2.14 [0034]
    Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00018
  • and the compound of formula 2.15 [0035]
    Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00019
  • and the compound of formula 2.16 [0036]
    Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00020
  • and the compound of formula 2.17 [0037]
    Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00021
  • and the compound of formula 2.18 [0038]
    Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00022
  • and the compound of formula 2.19 [0039]
    Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00023
  • and the compound of formula 2.20 [0040]
    Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00024
  • and the compound of formula 2.21 [0041]
    Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00025
  • and the compound of formula 2.22 [0042]
    Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00026
  • and the compound of formula 2.23 [0043]
    Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00027
  • and the compound of formula 2.24 [0044]
    Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00028
  • and the compound of formula 2.25 [0045]
    Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00029
  • and the compound of formula 2.26 [0046]
    Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00030
  • and the compound of formula 2.27 [0047]
    Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00031
  • and the compound of formula 2.28 [0048]
    Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00032
  • and the compound of formula 2.29 [0049]
    Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00033
  • and the compound of formula 2.30 [0050]
    Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00034
  • and the compound of formula 2.31 [0051]
    Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00035
  • and the compound of formula 2.32 [0052]
    Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00036
  • and the compound of formula 2.33 (2.33). [0053]
  • In the above formulae, “Me” signifies the methyl group. The invention also embraces the salts that the compounds of formula I are able to form with amines, alkali metal bases and alkaline earth metal bases or quarternary ammonium bases. Salt-forming alkali metal and alkaline earth metal hydroxides include the hydroxides of lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium or calcium, those of sodium or potassium being especially preferred. [0054]
  • Illustrative examples of amines suitable for forming ammonium salts are ammonia, as well as primary, secondary, and tertiary C[0055] 1-C8alkylamines, C1-C4hydroxyalkylamines and C2-C4alkoxyalkylamines, typically methylamine, ethylamine, n-propylamine, isopropylamine, the four isomeric butylamines, n-amylamine, isoamylamine, hexylamine, heptylamine, octylamine, nonylamine, decylamine, pentadecylamine, hexadecylamine, heptadecylamine, octadecylamine, methyl ethylamine, methyl isopropylamine, methyl hexylamine, methyl nonylamine, methyl pentadecylamine, methyl octadecylamine, ethyl butylamine, ethyl heptylamine, ethyl octylamine, hexyl heptylamine, hexyl octylamine, dimethylamine, diethylamine, di-n-propylamine, diisopropylamine, di-n-butylamine, di-n-amylamine, diisoamylamine, dihexylamine, diheptylamine, dioctylamine, ethanolamine, n-propanolamine, isopropanolamine, N,N-diethanolamine, N-ethylpropanolamine, N-butylethanolamine, allylamine, n-butenyl-2-amine, n-pentenyl-2-amine, 2,3-dimethylbutenyl-2-amine, dibutenyl-2-amine, n-hexenyl-2-amine, propylenediamine, trimethylamine, triethylamine, tri-n-propylamine, triisopropylamine, tri-n-butylamine, triisobutylamine, tri-sec-butylamine, tri-n-amylamine, methoxyethylamine and ethoxyethylamine; heterocyclic amines such as pyridine, quinoline, isoquinoline, morpholine, piperidine, pyrrolidine, indoline, quinuclidine and azepine; primary arylamines such as anilines, methoxyanilines, ethoxyanilines, o-, m- and p-toluidines, phenylenediamines, benzidines, naphthylamines and o-, m- and p-chloroanilines. Preferred amines are triethylamine, isopropylamine and diisopropylamine. The compound of formula I, wherein A1 is methyl and A2 is methoxy, is most preferably present in the form of the diisopropylammonium salt.
  • It is entirely surprising that the combination of the compound of formula I with one or more herbicides selected from formulae 2.1 to 2.33 exceeds the expected additive action against the weeds to be controlled and thus in particular enhances the activity range of the individual components in two respects: On the one hand, the concentrations of the single compounds of formulae I and 2.1 to 2.33 are reduced whilst retaining good activity. On the other hand, the novel herbicidal combination also achieves a high degree of weed control where the single compounds have become no longer agriculturally effective at low concentrations. The consequence is a substantial broadening of the activity spectrum against weeds and an additional increase in the selectivity for the cultivated plants that is necessary and desirable in the event of unintentional overapplication of herbicide. In addition, the novel composition permits greater flexibility with respect to subsequent crops while retaining the excellent control of weeds in crops of cultivated plants. [0056]
  • The composition of the invention may be used against a large number of agronomically important weeds, typically Stellaria, Nasturtium, Agrostis, Digitaria, Avena, Setaria, Sinapis, Lolium, Solanum, Phaseolus, Echinochloa, Scirpus, Monochoria, Sagittaria, Bromus, Alopecurus, Sorghum halepense, Rottboellia, Cyperus, Abutilon, Sida, Xanthium, Amaranthus, Chenopodium, Ipomoea, Chrysanthemum, Galium, Viola, and Veronica. The composition of this invention is suitable for all methods of application commonly used in agriculture, including preemergence application, postemergence application and seed dressing. The composition of the invention is preferably suitable for weed control in crops of cultivated plants, typically cereals, rape, sugar beet, sugar cane, plantations, rice, maize and soybeans and for the non-selective control of weeds. [0057]
  • Crops will also be understood as meaning those crops that have been made tolerant to herbicides or classes of herbicides by conventional breeding or genetic engineering methods. [0058]
  • The compounds of formulae 2.1 and 2.3 to 2.13 are known under the names imazamox, imazethapyr, imazaquin, imazapyr, dimethenamid, atrazine, terbutylazin, simazine, terbutyrn, prohexadione calcium, sethoxydim, clethodim, tepraloxydim, flumetsulam, metosulam, pyridate, bromoxynil, ioxynil, sulcotrione, carfentrazone, sulfentrazone, isoxaflutole, glufosinate, primisulfuron, prosulfuron, rimsulfuron, halosulfuron, nicosulfuron, and thifensulfuron and are described in the Pesticide Manual, eleventh ed., British Crop Protection Council, 1997 under the entry numbers 412, 415, 414, 413, 240, 34, 692, 651, 693, 595, 648, 146, 49, 339, 495, 626, 88, 425, 664, 112, 665, 436, 382, 589, 613, 644, 389, 519 and 704 The compound of formula 2.13, wherein Y[0059] 1, Y3 and Y4 are methine, Y2 is C—I, R24 is COOMe, Y5 is nitrogen and Y6 is methyl, is known under the name iodosulfuron (especially the sodium salt) from AGROW No. 296, Jan. 16, 1998, page 22. The S-enantiomer of the compound of formula 2.12 is registered under CAS reg. no. [35597-44-5]. The compound of formula 2.2, aRS, 1′S(−)N-(1′-methyl-2′-methoxyethyl)-N-chloroacetyl-2-ethyl-6-methylaniline, as well as a compound of the general formula 2.3, (1 S, aRS)-2-chloro-N-(2,4-dimethyl-3-thienyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)-acetamide, are described for example in WO 97/34485. The compound of formula 2.9, wherein R19 is NO2, is known under the name mesotrione and is described for example in U.S. Pat. No. 5,006,158. The compound of formula 2.6, wherein R12 is ethoxy, R13 is fluorine, Y is methine, R14 is methoxycarbonyl, R15 is hydrogen and R16 is chlorine, is known under the name cloransulam, for example from AGROW no. 261, Aug. 2, 1996, page 21.
  • In addition, the following compounds of the composition according to the invention are described in the Pesticide Manual, eleventh ed., British Crop Protection Council, 1997: [0060]
    Compound of formula (name) Pesticide Manual eleventh ed., Entry No.:
    2.14 (Metribuzin) 497
    2.15 (Aclonifen)  8
    2.16 (Glyphosate) 383
    2.17 (Bentazone)  65
    2.18 (Pendimethalin) 557
    2.19 (Dicamba) 210
    2.20 (Butylate) 100
    2.22 (Clomazone) 150
    2.23 (2,4-D) 192
    2.24 (Flumiclorac) 340
    2.25 (Fluthiacet-methyl) 359
    2.26 (Flurtamone) 356
    2.27 (Flumioxazin) 341
    2.28 (Paraquat) 550
    2.29 (Azafenidin)  37
    2.30 (Fluthiamid)  51
    2.33 (Sulfosate) 383
  • The compound of formula 2.7, wherein R[0061] 17 is hydrogen, and the preparation thereof, are described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,790,571, the compound of formula 2.6, wherein R12 is ethoxy, Z is nitrogen, R13 is fluorine, R14 is chlorine and R15 is hydrogen and R16 is chlorine, is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,498,773.
  • The compound of formula 2.21 and the preparation thereof are described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,183,492, the compound of formula 2.22 is described under the name isoxachlortole in AGROW no. 296, Jan. 16, 1998, page 22. The compound of formula 2.31 is described under the name fentrazamide in The 1997 British Crop Protection Conference—Weeds, Conference Proceedings Vol. 1, 2-8, pages 67 to 72, the compound of formula 2.32 is described under the name JV 485 (Isoxapropazol) in The 1997 British Crop Protection Conference—Weeds, Conference Proceedings Vol. 1, 3A-2, pages 93 to 98. [0062]
  • Preferred synergistic mixtures according to the invention contain as active ingredients a compound of formula I and either the compound of formula 2.2 (2.2, aRS, 1′S(−)N-(1′-methyl-2′-methoxyethyl)-N-chloroacetyl-2-ethyl-6-methylaniline), or a compound of formula 2.3, or a compound of formula 2.4, wherein R[0063] 7 is chlorine, R8 is ethyl and R9 is isopropyl, or R7 is chlorine, R8 is ethyl and R9 is tert.-butyl, or a compound of formula 2.6, wherein R12 is hydrogen, Z is methine, R13 is methyl, Y is nitrogen, R14 is fluorine, R15 is hydrogen and R16 is fluorine, or R12 is methoxy, Z is methine, R13 is methoxy, Y is methine, R14 is chlorine, R15 is methyl and R16 is chlorine, or a compound of formula 2.7, wherein R17 is —C(O)—S—n-octyl, or a compound of formula 2.9, or a compound of formula 2.11, wherein R22 is trifluoromethyl, or a compound of formula 2.12, or a compound of formula 2.13, wherein Y1 is nitrogen, Y2, Y3 and Y4 are methine, R24 is dimethylaminocarbonyl and Y5 is methine, or Y1, Y2, Y3 and Y4 are methine, R24 is methoxycarbonyl and Y5 is methine, or Y1, Y2, Y3 and Y4 are methine, R24 is 3-trifluoropropyl and Y5 is nitrogen, or Y1 is nitrogen, Y2, Y3 and Y4 are methine, R24 is ethylsulphonyl and Y5 is methine, or Y1 is N—Me, Y2 is nitrogen, Y3 and Y4 together are C—Cl, R24 is methoxycarbonyl and Y5 is methine, or a compound of formula 2.16, or a compound of formula 2.18, or a compound of formula 2.19, or a compound of formula 2.30.
  • A further group of preferred synergistic mixtures according to the invention contains as active ingredients a compound of formula I, the compound of formula 2.2 (2.2, aRS, 1′S(−)N-(1′-methyl-2′-methoxyethyl)-N-chloroacetyl-2-ethyl-6-methylaniline), as well as a compound selected from formula 2.4, wherein R[0064] 7 is chlorine, R8 is ethyl and R9 is isopropyl, or R7 is chlorine, R8 is ethyl and R9 is tert.-butyl, and of formula 2.6, wherein R12 is hydrogen, Z is methine, R13 is methyl, Y is nitrogen, R14 is fluorine, R15 is hydrogen and R16 is fluorine, or R12 is methoxy, Z is methine, R13 is methoxy, Y is methine, R14 is chlorine, R15 is methyl and R16 is chlorine, and of formula 2.7, wherein R17 is —C(O)—S—n-octyl, and of formula 2.13, wherein Y1 is nitrogen, Y2, Y3 and Y4 are methine, R24 is dimethylaminocarbonyl and Y5 is methine, or Y1, Y2, Y3 and Y4 are methine, R24 is methoxycarbonyl and Y5 is methine, or Y1, Y2, Y3 and Y4 are methine, R24 is 3-trifluoropropyl and Y5 is nitrogen, or Y1 is nitrogen, Y2, Y3 and Y4 are methine, R24 is ethylsulphonyl and Y5 is methine, or Y1 is N—Me, Y2 is nitrogen, Y3 and Y4 together are C—Cl, R24 is methoxycarbonyl and Y5 is methine, and of formula 2.9, and of formula 2.11, wherein R22 is trifluoromethyl, and of formula 2.12, and of formula 2.16, and of formula 2.18, and of formula 2.19.
  • It has been found that particularly effective herbicidal combinations are the combinations of compounds of formula I with the compound of formula 2.2 (2.2., aRS, 1′S(−)N-(1′-methyl-2′-methoxyethyl)-N-chloroacetyl-2-ethyl-6-methylaniline). [0065]
  • The composition according to the invention contains the active ingredient of formula I and the active ingredients of formulae 2.1 to 2.33 in any ratio, normally with an excess of one component over the others. In general, the mixture ratios (weight ratios) between the active ingredient of formula I and the components of formulae 2.1 to 2.33 lie between 1:2000 and 2000:1, especially between 200:1 and 1:200. [0066]
  • The rate of application can vary over a wide range and will depend on the nature of the soil, the type of application (pre- or postemergence), seed dressing, application to the seed furrow; no tillage application etc.), the cultivated plant, the weed to be controlled, the respective prevailing climatic conditions; and on other factors governed by the type and time of application and the target crop. In general, the mixture according to the invention may be used at a rate of application of 1 to 5000 g of mixture/ha. [0067]
  • The mixtures of the compounds of formula I with the compounds of formulae 2.1 to 2.33 may be used in unmodified form, i.e. as obtained in the synthesis. Preferably, however, they are processed in conventional manner e.g. to emulsifiable concentrates, directly sprayable or dilutable solutions, dilute emulsions, wettable powders, soluble powders, dusts, granulates or microcapsules using the auxiliary agents customarily employed in formulation technology. As with the type of compositions, the methods of application—such as spraying, atomising, dusting, wetting, scattering, or pouring—are selected in accordance with the intended objectives and the prevailing circumstances. [0068]
  • The formulations, i.e. the agents, preparations, or compositions containing the compounds of formula I and 2.1 to 2.33, and optionally one or more than one liquid or solid formulation assistant, are prepared in known manner, e.g. by homogeneously mixing and/or grinding the herbicide with said formulation auxiliaries, typically solvents or solid carriers. Surface-active compounds (surfactants) may additionally be used for preparing the formulations. [0069]
  • Examples of solvents and solid carriers are described in WO 97/34485, page 6. [0070]
  • Depending on the herbicide of formula I to be formulated, suitable surface-active compounds are nonionic, cationic and/or anionic surfactants and surfactant mixtures having good emulsifying, dispersing and wetting properties. [0071]
  • Examples of suitable anionic, non-ionic, and cationic surfactants are listed in WO 97/34485 on pages 7 and 8. [0072]
  • Also the surfactants customarily for the art of formulation and described, inter alia, in “Mc Cutcheon's Detergents and Emulsifiers Annual” MC Publishing Corp., Ridgewood N.J., 1981, Stache, H., “Tensid-Taschenbuch” (Handbook of Surfactants), Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich/Vienna, 1981, and M. and J. Ash, “Encyclopedia of Surfactants”, Vol I-III, Chemical Publishing Co., New York, 1980-81 are suitable for manufacture of the herbicides according to the invention. [0073]
  • The herbicidal compositions will usually contain from 0.1 to 99% by weight, preferably from 0.1 to 95% by weight, of compound mixture of the compound of formula I and the compounds of formulae 2.1 to 2.33, from 1 to 99.9% by weight of a solid or liquid formulation assistant, and from 0 to 25% by weight, preferably from 0.1 to 25% by weight, of a surfactant. [0074]
  • Whereas it is customarily preferred to formulate commercial products as concentrates, the end user will normally use dilute formulations. The compositions may also contain further ingredients, such as: stabilisers, e.g. where appropriate epoxidised vegetable oils (epoxidised coconut oil, rapeseed oil, or soybean oil); antifoams, typically silicone oil; preservatives; viscosity regulators; binders; and tackifiers; as well as fertilisers or other chemical agents. Particularly preferred formulations are made up as follows: (%=percent by weight) [0075]
    Emulsifiable concentrates:
    Compound mixture: 1 to 90%, preferably 5 to 20%
    Surfactant: 1 to 30%, preferably 10 to 20%
    Liquid carrier: 5 to 94%, preferably 70 to 85%
    Dusts:
    Compound mixture: 0.1 to 10%, preferably 0.1 to 5%
    Solid carrier: 99.9 to 90%, preferably 99.9 to 99%
    Suspension concentrates:
    Compound mixture: 5 to 75%, preferably 10 to 50%
    Water: 94 to 24%, preferably 88 to 30%
    Surfactant: 1 to 40%, preferably 2 to 30%
    Wettable powders:
    Compound mixture: 0.5 to 90%, preferably 1 to 80%
    Surfactant: 0.5 to 20%, preferably 1 to 15%
    Solid carrier: 5 to 95%, preferably 15 to 90%
    Granulates:
    Compound mixture: 0.1 to 30%, preferably 0.1 to 15%
    Solid carrier: 99.5 to 70%, preferably 97 to 85%
  • The invention is illustrated by the following non-limitative Examples. [0076]
    F1. Emulsifiable concentrates a) b) c) d)
    Compound mixture 5% 10%  25%  50% 
    Calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate 6% 8% 6% 8%
    Polyethoxylated castor oil 4% — 4% 4%
    (36 mols EO)
    Octylphenol polyethoxylate — 4% — 2%
    (7-8 mols EO)
    Cyclohexanone — — 10%  20% 
    Aromatic hydrocarbon 85%  78%  55%  16% 
    mixture C9-C12
  • Emulsions of any desired concentration can be prepared by diluting such concentrates with water. [0077]
    F2. Solutions a) b) c) d)
    Compound mixture  5% 10% 50% 90%
    1-methoxy-3-(3-methoxy-
    propoxy)-propane — 20% 20% —
    Polyethylene glycol mw 400 20% 10% — —
    N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone — — 30% 10%
    Aromatic hydrocarbon 75% 60% — —
    mixture C9-C12
  • The solutions are suitable for use in the form of microdrops. [0078]
    F3. Wettable powders a) b) c) d)
    Compound mixture 5% 25%  50%  80% 
    Sodium ligninsulfonate 4% — 3% —
    Sodium lauryl sulfate 2% 3% — 4%
    Sodium diisobutylnaphthalene sulfonate — 6% 5% 6%
    Octylphenol polyethoxylate — 1% 2% —
    (7-8 mols EO)
    Highly dispersed silicic acid 1% 3% 5% 10% 
    Kaolin 88%  62%  35%  —
  • The compound is throughly mixed with the adjuvants and this mixture is ground in a suitable mill to give wettable powders that can be diluted with water to give suspensions of any desired concentration. [0079]
    F4. Coated granulates a) b) c)
    Compound mixture 0.1% 5% 15%
    Highly dispersed silicic acid 0.9% 2%  2%
    Inorganic carrier 99.0%  93%  83%
    (Ø 0.1-1 mm)
    such as CaCO3 or SiO2
  • The compound mixture is dissolved in dichloromethane, the solution is sprayed on to the carrier, and the solvent is removed under vacuum. [0080]
    F5. Coated granulates a) b) c)
    Compound mixture 0.1% 5% 15% 
    Polyethylene glycol mw 200 1.0% 2% 3%
    Highly dispersed silicic acid 0.9% 1% 2%
    Inorganic carrier 98.0%  92%  80% 
    (Ø 0.1-1 mm)
    such as CaCO3 or SiO2
  • The finely ground active substance is uniformly applied in a mixer to the carrier moistened with polyethylene glycol. Non-dusty coated granulates are obtained in this manner. [0081]
    F6. Extruder granulates a) b) c) d)
    Compound mixture 0.1% 3% 5% 15% 
    Sodium ligninsulfonate 1.5% 2% 3% 4%
    Carboxymethylcellulose 1.4% 2% 2% 2%
    Kaolin 97.0%  93%  90%  79% 
  • The compound is mixed and ground with the adjuvants, and the mixture is moistened with water. This mixture is extruded and then dried in a stream of air. [0082]
    F7. Dusts a) b) c)
    Compound mixture  0.1%  1%  5%
    Talcum or champagne chalk 39.9% 49% 35%
    Kaolin 60.0% 50% 60%
  • Ready-to-use dusts are obtained by mixing the active ingredient with the carriers and grinding on a suitable mill. [0083]
    F8. Suspension concentrates a) b) c) d)
    Compound mixture 3% 10%  25%  50% 
    Ethylene glycol 5% 5% 5% 5%
    Nonylphenol polyethoxylate — 1% 2% —
    (15 mols EO)
    Sodium ligninsulfonate 3% 3% 4% 5%
    Carboxymethylcellulose 1% 1% 1% 1%
    37% aqueous formaldehyde 0.2%   0.2%   0.2%   0.2%  
    solution
    Silicone oil emulsion 0.8%   0.8%   0.8%   0.8%  
    Water 87%  79%  62%  38% 
  • The finely ground active substance is intimately mixed with the adjuvants. In this way, a suspension concentrate is obtained from which suspensions of any desired concentration can be prepared by dilution with water. [0084]
  • It is often more convenient to formulate the active ingredient of formula I and the compound(s) 2.1 to 2.33 separately and not to combine them until shortly before application in the applicator in the desired mixing ratio in the form of a “tank mix” in water. [0085]
    • BIOLOGICAL EXAMPLES
  • A synergistic effect is always obtained when the herbicidal action of the combination of compound I and 2.1 to 2.33 is greater than the sum of the action of the individual herbicides. [0086]
  • The expected herbicidal action We for a given combination of two herbicides can be calculated as follows (q.v. COLBY, S.R., “Calculating synergistic and antagonistic response of herbicide combinations”, Weeds 15, pages 20-22, 1967):[0087]
  • We=X+[Y·(100−X)/100]
  • In this formula: [0088]
  • X=the percentage of herbicidal action after treatment with the compound of formula I at a rate of application of p kg per hectare, compared with untreated controls (=0%). [0089]
  • Y=the percentage of herbicidal action after treatment with a compound of formula 2.1 to 2.33 at a rate of application of q kg per hectare, compared with untreated controls. [0090]
  • We=the expected herbicidal action (percentage of herbicidal action compared with the untreated control plants) after treatment with the compounds of formulae I and 2.1 to 2.33 at a rate of application of p+q kg per hectare. [0091]
  • If the value actually observed is higher than the expected value We, then there is synergism. [0092]
  • The synergistic effect of the combinations of the compound of formula I with the compounds of formulae 2.1 to 2.33 is demonstrated in the following Examples. [0093]
  • Description of postemergence test [0094]
  • The test plants are grown under greenhouse conditions in plastic pots until reaching the 2-3 leaf stage. Standard soil is used as the substrate for cultivation. At the 2-3 leaf stage, the herbicides are applied to the test plants on their own and in a mixture. Application is effected in the form of an aqueous suspension of the test substances in 500 l water/ha. The rates of application depend on the optimum dosages determined under field conditions and greenhouse conditions. Evaluation of the tests is made after 20 days (% activity, 100%= plant perished, 0%=no phytotoxic effect). The results are given in Tables 1 to 5 which follow. [0095]
  • The compound of formula I, wherein A[0096] 1 is nitro and A2 is hydrogen, is designated as a compound of formula Ia. The compound of formula I, wherein A1 is methyl and A2 is methoxy, is designated as a compound of formula Ib.
    TABLE 1
    Synergistic effect of the mixture of the compound of
    formula Ia with halosulfuron
    Ia 75 g/ha +
    Ia halosulfuron halosulfuron expected activity We
    Test plant 75 g/ha 100 g/ha 100 g/ha according to Colby
    maize DK 0 5 0 5
    261
    Digitaria 50 25 70 63
  • [0097]
    TABLE 2
    Synergistic effect of the mixture of the compound of
    formula Ia with rimsulfuron
    Ia Ia 150 g/ha +
    150 rimsulfuron rimsulfuron expected activity We
    Test plant g/ha 30 g/ha 30 g/ha according to Colby
    maize DK 5 10 5 14,5
    261
    Rottboellia 50 25 70 63
  • [0098]
    TABLE 3
    Synergistic effect of the mixture of the compound of
    formula Ia with glyphosate
    Ia Ia 150 g/ha +
    150 glyphosate glyphosate expected activity We
    Test plant g/ha 500 g/ha 500 g/ha according to Colby
    Cyperus 60 75 95 90
  • [0099]
    TABLE 4
    Synergistic effect of the mixture of the compound of
    formula Ia with primisulfuron
    Ia Ia 75 g/ha + expected activity
    75 primisulfuron primisulfuron We according
    Test plant g/ha 20 g/ha 20 g/ha to Colby
    Echinochloa 80 10 85 82
  • [0100]
    TABLE 5
    Synergistic effect of the mixture of the compound of
    formula Ib with glyphosate
    Ib Ib 150 g/ha +
    150 glyphosate glyphosate expected activity We
    Test plant g/ha 500 g/ha 500 g/ha according to Colby
    Cyperus 60 75 95 90
  • Description of pre-emergence test [0101]
  • The test plants are sown in plastic pots in standard soil under greenhouse conditions. Directly after sowing, the test substances are applied in an aqueous suspension (500 l water/ha). The test plants are then further cultivated in the greenhouse under optimum conditions. The rates of application depend on the optimum dosages determined under field conditions and greenhouse conditions. Evaluation of the tests is made after 26 days (% activity, 100%=plant perished, 0%=no phytotoxic effect). The results are given in Tables 6 to 9 which follow. [0102]
    TABLE 6
    Synergistic effect of the mixture of the compound of
    formula Ia with terbutylazin
    Ia Ia 100 g/ha +
    100 terbutylazin terbutylazin expected activity We
    Test plant g/ha 200 g/ha 200 g/ha according to Colby
    Ipomoea 75 30 95   82.5
    Polygonum 60 60 100 84
    Xanthium 80 0 95 80
  • [0103]
    TABLE 7
    Synergistic effect of the mixture of the compound of
    formula Ia with atrazine
    Ia Ia 50 g/ha +
    50 atrazine atrazine 200 expected activity We
    Test plant g/ha 200 g/ha g/ha according to Colby
    Convolvulus 75 80 100 95
    Polygonum 40 90 100 94
    Xanthium 60 0 98 60
  • [0104]
    TABLE 8
    Synergistic effect of the mixture of the compound of
    formula Ib with terbutylazin
    Ib Ib 50 g/ha +
    50 terbutylazin terbutylazin expected activity We
    Test plant g/ha 200 g/ha 200 g/ha according to Colby
    Convolvulus 60 80 98 92
    Ipomoea 60 30 75 72
    Polygonum 30 60 100 72
    Xanthium 70 0 98 70
  • [0105]
    TABLE 9
    Synergistic effect of the mixture of the compound of
    formula Ib with atrazine
    Ib Ib 50 g/ha +
    50 atrazine atrazine 200 expected activity We
    Test plant g/ha 200 g/ha g/ha according to Colby
    Convolvulus 60 80 98 92
    Ipomoea 60 70 100 88
    Polygonum 30 90 100 93
    Xanthium 70 0 100 70
  • It has surprisingly been found that special safeners are suitable for mixing with the synergistic composition according to the invention. The present invention therefore also relates to a selective herbicidal composition to control grasses and weeds in crops of cultivated plants, especially maize, which contains a compound of formula I, one or more compounds selected from the compounds of formulae 2.1 to 2.33 and a safener (antidote) and to protect the cultivated plants, but not the weeds, from the phytotoxic action of the herbicide, and to the use of said composition for controlling weeds in crops of cultivated plants [0106]
  • Accordingly, the invention also provides a selective herbicidal composition comprising, in addition to customary inert formulation assistants such as carriers, solvents and wetting agents, a mixture of [0107]
  • a) herbicidally synergistic amount of a compound of formula I and one or more compounds selected from the compounds of formulae 2.1 to 2.33 and [0108]
  • b) to antagonise the herbicide, an antidotally effective amount of a safener selected from the compound of formula 3.1 [0109]
    Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00037
  • and the compound of formula 3.2 [0110]
    Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00038
  • and the compound of formula 3.3 [0111]
    Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00039
  • and the compound of formula 3.4 [0112]
    Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00040
  • and the compound of formula 3.5 [0113]
    Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00041
  • and the compound of formula 3.6 [0114]
    Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00042
  • and the compound of formula 3.7 [0115]
    Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00043
  • and the compound of formula 3.8 [0116]
    Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00044
  • and of formula 3.9 [0117]
  • Cl2CHCON(CH2CH═CH2)  (3.9),
  • and of formula 3.10 [0118]
    Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00045
  • and of formula 3.11 (3.11). [0119]
  • Preferred selective herbicidal compositions contain a) a herbicidally synergistic amount of a compound of formula I, a compound of formula 2.2 (2.2, aRS, 1′S(−)N-(1′-methyl-2′-methoxyethyl)-N-chloroacetyl-2-ethyl-6-methylaniline), as well as a compound selected from formula 2.4, wherein R[0120] 7 is chlorine, R8 is ethyl and R9 is isopropyl, or R7 is chlorine, R8 is ethyl and R9 is tert.-butyl, and of formula 2.6, wherein R12 is hydrogen, Z is methine, R13 is methyl, Y is nitrogen, R14 is fluorine, R15 is hydrogen and R16 is fluorine, or R12 is methoxy, Z is methine, R13 is methoxy, Y is methine, R14 is chlorine, R15 is methyl and R16 is chlorine, and of formula 2.7, wherein R17 is —C(O)—S—n-octyl, and of formula 2.13, wherein Y1 is nitrogen, Y2, Y3 and Y4 are methine, R24 is dimethylaminocarbonyl and Y5 is methine, or Y1, Y2, Y3 and Y4 are methine, R24 is methoxycarbonyl and Y5 is methine, or Y1, Y2, Y3 and Y4 are methine, R24 is 3-trifluoropropyl and Y5 is nitrogen, or Y1 is nitrogen, Y2, Y3 and Y4 are methine, R24 is ethylsulphonyl and Y5 is methine, or Y1 is N—Me, Y2 is nitrogen, Y3 and Y4 together are C—Cl, R24 is methoxycarbonyl and Y5 is methine, and of formula 2.9, and of formula 2.11, wherein R22 is trifluoromethyl, and of formula 2.12, and of formula 2.16, and of formula 2.18, and of formula 2.19, and
  • b) to antagonise the herbicide, an antidotally effective amount of a safener of formula 3.1 [0121]
    Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00046
  • An especially preferred selective herbicidal composition contains a) a herbicidally synergistic amount of a compound of formula I and a compound of formula 2.2 (2.2, aRS, 1′S(−)N-(1′-methyl-2′-methoxyethyl)-N-chloroacetyl-2-ethyl-6-methylaniline) and [0122]
  • b) to antagonise the herbicide, an antidotally effective amount of a safener of formula 3.1 [0123]
    Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00047
  • The invention also provides a selective herbicidal composition comprising, in addition to customary inert formulation assistants such as carriers, solvents and wetting agents, a mixture of [0124]
  • a) a herbicidally effective amount of a compound of formula I and [0125]
  • b) to antagonise the herbicide, an antidotally effective amount of a safener selected from the compound of formula 3.1 [0126]
    Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00048
  • and the compound of formula 3.2 [0127]
    Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00049
  • and the compound of formula 3.3 [0128]
    Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00050
  • and the compound of formula 3.4 [0129]
    Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00051
  • and the compound of formula 3.5 [0130]
    Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00052
  • and the compound of formula 3.6 [0131]
    Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00053
  • and the compound of formula 3.7 [0132]
    Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00054
  • and the compound of formula 3.8 [0133]
    Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00055
  • and of formula 3.9 [0134]
  • Cl2CHCON(CH2CH═CH2)  (3.9),
  • and of formula 3.10 [0135]
    Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00056
  • and of formula 3.11 (3.11). [0136]
  • The invention additionally relates to a process for the selective control of weeds in crops of cultivated plants, which comprises treating said cultivated plants, the seeds or seedlings or the crop area thereof with a herbicidally effective amount of the herbicide of formula I, if required, one or more herbicides selected from the compounds of formulae 2.1 to 2.33 and, to antagonise the herbicide, an antidotally effective amount of a safener of formula 3.1 to 3.11. [0137]
  • The compounds of formulae 3.1 to 3.11 are known and are described for example in the Pesticide Manual, eleventh ed., British Crop Protection Council, 1997 under the entry nos. 61 (formula 3.1, benoxacor), 304 (formula 3.2, fenclorim), 154 (formula 3.3, cloquintocet), 462 (formula 3.4, mefenpyr-diethyl), 377 (formula 3.5, furilazol), 363 (formula 3.8, fluxofenim), 213 (formula 3.9, dichlormid) and 350 (formula 3.10, flurazole) The compound of formula 3.11 is known under the designation MON 4660 (Monsanto). [0138]
  • The compound of formula 3.6 (AC 304415) is described for example in EP-A-0 613.618, and the compound of formula 3.7 is described in DE-A-2948535. [0139]
  • Crop plants which may be protected against the harmful action of the above-mentioned herbicides by the safeners of formulae 3.1 to 3.11 are in particular cereals, cotton, soya, sugar beet, sugar cane, plantations, rape, maize and rice, especially maize. Crops will also be understood as meaning those crops that have been made tolerant to herbicides or classes of herbicides by conventional breeding or genetic engineering methods. [0140]
  • The weeds to be controlled may be monocot as well as dicot weeds, typically Stellaria, Agrostis, Digitaria, Avena, Apera, Brachiaria, Phalaris, Setaria, Sinapis, Lolium, Solanum, Echinochloa, Scirpus, Monochoria, Sagittaria, Panicum, Bromus, Alopecurus, Sorghum halepense, Sorghum bicolor, Rottboellia, Cyperus, Abutilon, Sida, Xanthium, Amaranthus, Chenopodium, Ipomoea, Chrysanthemum, Galium, Viola, and Veronica. [0141]
  • Crop areas will be understood as meaning the areas already under cultivation with the cultivated plants or seeds thereof, as well as the areas intended for cropping with said cultivated plants. [0142]
  • Depending on the end use, a safener of formula 3.1 to 3.11 can be used for pretreating seeds of the crop plants (dressing of seeds or seedlings) or it can be incorporated in the soil before or after sowing. It can, however, also be applied by itself alone or together with the herbicide postemergence. Treatment of the plant or the seeds with the safener can therefore in principle be carried out irrespective of the time of application of the herbicide. Treatment can, however, also be carried out by simultaneous application of the herbicide and safener (e.g. as tank mixture). The concentration of safener with respect to the herbicide will depend substantially on the mode of application. Where a field treatment is carried out either by using a tank mixture with a combination of safener and herbicide or by separate application of safener and herbicide, the ratio of herbicide to safener will usually be from 100:1 to 1:10, preferably 20:1 to 1:1. In field treatment it is usual to apply 0.001 to 1.0 kg/ha, preferably 0.001 to 0.25 kg/ha, of safener. [0143]
  • The concentration of herbicide is usually in the range from 0.001 to 2 kg/ha, but will preferably be from 0.005 to 0.5 kg/ha. [0144]
  • The compositions of this invention are suitable for all methods of application commonly used in agriculture, including preemergence application, postemergence application and seed dressing. [0145]
  • For seed dressing, 0.001 to 10 g of safener/kg of seeds, preferably 0.05 to 2 g of safener/kg of seeds, is usually applied. If the safener is used in liquid form shortly before sowing to effect soaking, then it is preferred to use safener solutions that contain the active ingredient in a concentration of 1 to 10000 ppm, preferably of 100 to 1000 ppm. [0146]
  • For application, it is preferred to process the safeners of formula 3.1 to 3.11, or mixtures of these safeners with the herbicide of formula I and optionally with one or more herbicides selected from formulae 2.1 to 2.33, conveniently together with the customary assistants of formulation technology to formulations, typically to emulsifiable concentrates, coatable pastes, directly sprayable or dilutable solutions, dilute emulsions, wettable powders, soluble powders, dusts, granulates or microcapsules. [0147]
  • Such formulations are described, for example, in WO 97/34485 on pages 9 to 13. The formulations are prepared in known manner, conveniently by homogeneously mixing and/or grinding the active ingredients with liquid or solid formulation assistants, typically solvents or solid carriers. Surface-active compounds (surfactants) may additionally be used for preparing the formulations. Solvents and solid carriers that are suitable for this purpose are described in WO 97/34485 on page 6. [0148]
  • Depending on the herbicide of formula I, 2.1 to 2.33 and 3.1 to 3.11 to be formulated, suitable surface-active compounds are nonionic, cationic and/or anionic surfactants and surfactant mixtures having good emulsifying, dispersing and wetting properties. Examples of suitable anionic, nonionic, and cationic surfactants are listed in WO 97/34485 on pages 7 and 8. Also the surfactants customarily used for the art of formulation and described, inter alia, in “Mc Cutcheon's Detergents and Emulsifiers Annual” MC Publishing Corp., Ridgewood N.J., 1981, Stache, H., “Tensid-Taschenbuch” (Handbook of Surfactants), Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich/Vienna, 1981, and M. and J. Ash, “Encyclopedia of Surfactants”, Vol I-III, Chemical Publishing Co., New York, 1980-81 are suitable for manufacture of the herbicides according to the invention. [0149]
  • The herbicidal compositions will usually contain from 0.1 to 99% by weight, preferably from 0.1 to 95% by weight, of compound mixture of the compound of formula I, a compound selected from the compounds of formulae 2.1 to 2.33 and the compounds of formulae 3.1 to 3.11, from 1 to 99.9% by weight of a solid or liquid formulation assistant, and from 0 to 25% by weight, preferably from 0.1 to 25% by weight, of a surfactant. Whereas it is customarily preferred to formulate commercial products as concentrates, the end user will normally use dilute formulations. [0150]
  • The compositions may also contain further ingredients, such as stabilisers, e.g. where appropriate epoxidised vegetable oils (epoxidised coconut oil, rapeseed oil, or soybean oil), antifoams, typically silicone oil, preservatives, viscosity regulators, binders, tackifiers, as well as fertilisers or other chemical agents. Different methods and techniques may suitably be used for applying the safeners of formula 3.1 to 3.11 or compositions containing them to protect cultivated plants from the harmful effects of herbicides of formula I and 2.1 to 2.33, for example the following: [0151]
  • i) Seed dressing [0152]
  • a) Dressing the seeds with a wettable powder formulation of the active ingredient of formulae 3.1 to 3.11 by shaking in a vessel until the safener is uniformly distributed on the surface of the seeds (dry treatment), In this instance, approximately 1 to 500 g of active ingredient of formula 3.1 to 3.11 (4 g to 2 kg of wettable powder) is used per 100 kg of seeds. [0153]
  • b) Dressing seeds with an emulsifiable concentrate of the active ingredient of formulae 3.1 to 3.11 by method a) (wet treatment). [0154]
  • c) Dressing by immersing the seeds in a mixture containing 100-1000 ppm of active ingredient of formulae 3.1 to 3.11 for 1 to 72 hours and where appropriate subsequently drying them (seed soaking). [0155]
  • In keeping with the natural environment, the preferred method of application is either seed dressing or treatment of the germinated seedlings, because the safener treatment is fully concentrated on the target crop. Usually 1 to 1000 g, preferably 5 to 250 g, of safener is used per 100 kg of seeds. However, depending on the method employed, which also permits the use of other chemical agents or micronutrients, the concentrations may deviate above or below the indicated limit values (repeat dressing). [0156]
  • ii) Application as a tank mixture [0157]
  • A liquid formulation of a mixture of safener and herbicide (reciprocal ratio from 10:1 to 1:100) is used, the concentration of herbicide being from 0.005 to 5.0 kg/ha. This tank mixture is applied before or after sowing. [0158]
  • iii) Application in the furrow [0159]
  • The active ingredients of formulae 3.1 to 3.11 formulated as emulsifiable concentrate, wettable powder or granulate are applied to the open furrow in which the seeds have been sown. After covering the furrow, the herbicide is applied pre-emergence in conventional manner. [0160]
  • iv) Controlled release of compound [0161]
  • A solution of the active ingredients of formulae 3.1 to 3.11 is applied to a mineral granular carrier or to a polymerised granulate (urea/formaldehyde) and then dried. A coating can then be applied (coated granules) that allows the herbicide to be released at a controlled rate over a specific period of time. [0162]
  • Particularly preferred formulations are made up as follows: (%=percent by weight) [0163]
    Emulsifiable concentrates:
    Compound mixture: 1 to 90%, preferably 5 to 20%
    Surfactant: 1 to 30%, preferably 10 to 20%
    Liquid carrier: 5 to 94%, preferably 70 to 85%
    Dusts:
    Compound mixture: 0.1 to 10%, preferably 0.1 to 5%
    Solid carrier: 99.9 to 90%, preferably 99.9 to 99%
    Suspension concentrates:
    Compound mixture: 5 to 75%, preferably 10 to 50%
    Water: 94 to 24%, preferably 88 to 30%
    Surfactant: 1 to 40%, preferably 2 to 30%
    Wettable powders:
    Compound mixture: 0.5 to 90%, preferably 1 to 80%
    Surfactant: 0.5 to 20%, preferably 1 to 15%
    Solid carrier: 5 to 95%, preferably 15 to 90%
    Granulates:
    Compound mixture: 0.1 to 30%, preferably 0.1 to 15%
    Solid carrier: 99.5 to 70%, preferably 97 to 85%
  • The invention is illustrated by the following non-limitative Examples. [0164]
  • Formulation examples for mixtures of herbicides of formula I, formulae 2.1 to 2.33 and safeners of formulae 3.1 to 3.11 (%=percent by weight) [0165]
    F1. Emulsifiable concentrates a) b) c) d)
    Compound mixture 5% 10% 25% 50%
    Calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate 6%  8%  6%  8%
    Polyethoxylated castor oil 4% —  4%  4%
    (36 mols EO)
    Octylphenol polyethoxylate —  4% —  2%
    (7-8 mols EO)
    Cyclohexanone — — 10% 20%
    Aromatic hydrocarbon 85%  78% 55% 16%
    mixture C9-C12
  • Emulsions of any desired concentration can be prepared by diluting such concentrates with water. [0166]
    F2. Solutions a) b) c) d)
    Compound mixture  5% 10% 50% 90%
    1-methoxy-3-(3-methoxy- — 20% 20% —
    propoxy)-propane
    Polyethylene glycol mw 400 20% 10% — —
    N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone — — 30% 10%
    Aromatic hydrocarbon 75% 60% — —
    mixture C9-C12
  • The solutions are suitable for use in the form of microdrops. [0167]
    F3. Wettable powders a) b) c) d)
    Compound mixture 5% 25%  50%  80%
    Sodium ligninsulfonate 4% — 3% —
    Sodium lauryl sulfate 2% 3% —  4%
    Sodium diisobutylnaphthalene sulfonate — 6% 5%  6%
    Octylphenol polyethoxylate — 1% 2% —
    (7-8 mols EO)
    Highly dispersed silicic acid 1% 3% 5% 10%
    Kaolin 88%  62%  35%  —
  • The compound is throughly mixed with the adjuvants and this mixture is ground in a suitable mill to give wettable powders which can be diluted with water to give suspensions of any desired concentration. [0168]
    F4. Coated granulates a) b) c)
    Compound mixture 0.1% 5% 15%
    Highly dispersed silicic acid 0.9% 2%  2%
    Inorganic carrier 99.0%  93%  83%
    (Ø 0.1-1 mm)
  • such as CaCO[0169] 3 or SiO2
  • The compound mixture is dissolved in dichloromethane, the solution is sprayed on to the carrier, and the solvent is removed under vacuum. [0170]
    F5. Coated granulates a) b) c)
    Compound mixture 0.1% 5% 15%
    Polyethylene glycol mw 200 1.0% 2%  3%
    Highly dispersed silicic acid 0.9% 1%  2%
    Inorganic carrier 98.0%  92%  80%
    (Ø 0.1-1 mm)
  • such as CaCO[0171] 3 or SiO2
  • The finely ground active substance is uniformly applied in a mixer to the carrier moistened with polyethylene glycol. Non-dusty coated granulates are obtained in this manner. [0172]
    F6. Extruder granulates a) b) c) d)
    Compound mixture 0.1% 3% 5% 15%
    Sodium ligninsulfonate 1.5% 2% 3%  4%
    Carboxymethylcellulose 1.4% 2% 2%  2%
    Kaolin 97.0%  93%  90%  79%
  • The compound is mixed and ground with the adjuvants, and the mixture is moistened with water. This mixture is extruded and then dried in a stream of air. [0173]
    F7. Dusts a) b) c)
    Compound mixture  0.1%  1%  5%
    Talc 39.9% 49% 35%
    Kaolin 60.0% 50% 60%
  • Ready-to-use dusts are obtained by mixing the active ingredient with the carriers and grinding on a suitable mill. [0174]
    F8. Suspension concentrates a) b) c) d)
    Compound mixture 3% 10%  25%  50% 
    Ethylene glycol 5% 5% 5% 5%
    Nonylphenol polyethoxylate — 1% 2% —
    (15 mols EO)
    Sodium ligninsulfonate 3% 3% 4% 5%
    Carboxymethylcellulose 1% 1% 1% 1%
    37% aqueous formaldehyde 0.2%   0.2%   0.2%   0.2%  
    solution
    Silicone oil emulsion 0.8%   0.8%   0.8%   0.8%  
    Water 87%  79%  62%  38% 
  • The finely ground active substance is intimately mixed with the adjuvants. In this way, a suspension concentrate is obtained, from which suspensions of any desired concentration can be prepared by dilution with water. [0175]
  • It is often more convenient to formulate the active ingredients of formulae 1, 2.1 to 2.33 and 3.1 to 3.11 separately and not to combine them until shortly before application in the applicator in the desired mixing ratio in the form of a “tank mix” in water. [0176]
  • The ability of the safeners of formulae 3.1 to 3.11 to protect crops from the phytotoxic action of herbicides of formula I will be demonstrated in the examples which follow. [0177]
    • Biological Example: Safening effect
  • The test plants are grown under greenhouse conditions in plastic pots until reaching the 4 leaf stage. At this stage, the herbicides are applied to the test plants both on their own and in mixtures with the test substances that are to be tested as safeners. Application is effected in the form of an aqueous suspension of the test substances, prepared from a 25% wettable powder [example F3, b)] at 500 l water/ha. 3 weeks after application, the phytotoxic effect of the herbicides on the cultivated plants, such as maize and cereals, is evaluated on a percentage scale. 100% indicates that the test plant has perished, 0% indicates no phytotoxic effect. [0178]
  • The results obtained in this test show that the damage to the cultivated plant caused by the herbicide of formula I in combination with one or more herbicides selected from formulae 2.1 to 2.33 can be significantly reduced with the compounds of formulae 3.1 to 3.11. [0179]
  • The same results are obtained by formulating the mixtures in accordance with Examples F1, F2 and F4 to F8. [0180]

Claims (16)

What is claimed is:
1. A herbicidal synergistic composition comprising, in addition to customary inert formulation assistants, as the active ingredient, a combination of
a) a compound of formula I
Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00057
wherein either A1 is nitro and A2 is hydrogen or A1 is methyl and A2 is methoxy, as well as their salts, and
b) a synergistically active amount of one or more compounds selected from the compound of formula 2.2
Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00058
wherein R3 is ethyl, R4 is methyl or ethyl and R5 is —CH(Me)—CH2OMe, <S>—CH(Me)—CH2OMe, CH2OMe or CH2O—CH2CH3;
and the compound of formula 2.3
Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00059
wherein R6 is CH(Me)—CH2OMe or <S>CH(Me)—CH2OMe;
and the compound of formula 2.4
Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00060
wherein R7 is chlorine or SMe, R8 is ethyl and R9 is ethyl, isopropyl or tert.-butyl;
and the compound of formula 2.5
Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00061
wherein R10 is ethyl or n-propyl, R11 is COO−1/2 Ca++, —CH2—CH(Me)S—CH2CH3 or the group and X is oxygen, N—O—CH2CH3 or N—O—CH2CH═CH—Cl;
and the compound of formula 2.6
Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00062
wherein R12 is hydrogen, methoxy or ethoxy, R13 is Me, methoxy or fluorine, R14 is COOMe, fluorine or chlorine, R15 is hydrogen or Me, Y is methine or nitrogen, Z is methine or nitrogen and R16 is fluorine or chlorine;
and the compound of formula 2.7
Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00063
wherein R17 is hydrogen or —C(O)—S—n-octyl;
and the compound of formula 2.8
Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00064
wherein R18 is bromine or iodine;
and the compound of formula 2.9
Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00065
wherein R19 is chlorine or nitro;
and the compound of formula 2.10
Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00066
wherein R20 is fluorine or chlorine and R21 is —CH2—CH(Cl)—COOCH2CH3 or —NH—SO2Me;
and the compound of formula 2.11
Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00067
wherein R22 is trifluoromethyl or chlorine;
and the compound of formula 2.12
Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00068
wherein R23 is NH2 or <S>NH2;
and the compound of formula 2.13
Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00069
wherein Y1 is nitrogen, methine or N—Me, Y2 is nitrogen, methine or C—I, Y3 is methine, Y4 is methine, or Y3 and Y4 together are sulphur or C—Cl, Y5 is nitrogen or methine, Y6 is methyl or methoxy and R24 is CONMe2, COOMe, CH2—CH2CF3 or SO2CH2CH3, or the sodium salts thereof;
and the compound of formula 2.14
Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00070
and the compound of formula 2.15
Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00071
and the compound of formula 2.16
Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00072
and the compound of formula 2.17
Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00073
and the compound of formula 2.18
Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00074
and the compound of formula 2.19
Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00075
and the compound of formula 2.20
Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00076
and the compound of formula 2.21
Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00077
and the compound of formula 2.22
Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00078
and the compound of formula 2.23
Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00079
and the compound of formula 2.24
Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00080
and the compound of formula 2.25
Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00081
and the compound of formula 2.26
Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00082
and the compound of formula 2.27
Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00083
and the compound of formula 2.28
Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00084
and the compound of formula 2.29
Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00085
and the compound of formula 2.30
Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00086
and the compound of formula 2.31
Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00087
and the compound of formula 2.32
Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00088
and the compound of formula 2.33
Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00089
2. A herbicidal composition according to
claim 1
, comprising a compound of formula I and a synergistically effective amount either of a compound of formula 2.2 (2.2, aRS, 1′S(−)N-(1′-methyl-2′-methoxyethyl)-N-chloroacetyl-2-ethyl-6-methylaniline), or a compound of formula 2.3, or a compound of formula 2.4, wherein R7 is chlorine, R8 is ethyl and R9 is isopropyl, or R7 is chlorine, R8 is ethyl and R9 is tert.-butyl, or a compound of formula 2.6, wherein R12 is hydrogen, Z is methine, R13 is methyl, Y is nitrogen, R14 is fluorine, R15 is hydrogen and R16 is fluorine, or R12 is methoxy, Z is methine, R13 is methoxy, Y is methine, R14 is chlorine, R15 is methyl and R16 is chlorine, or a compound of formula 2.7, wherein R17 is —C(O)—S—n-octyl, or a compound of formula 2.9, or a compound of formula 2.11, wherein R22 is trifluoromethyl, or a compound of formula 2.12, or a compound of formula 2.13, wherein Y1 is nitrogen, Y2, Y3 and Y4 are methine, R24 is dimethylaminocarbonyl and Y5 is methine, or Y1, Y2, Y3 and Y4 are methine, R24 is methoxycarbonyl and Y5 is methine, or Y1, Y2, Y3 and Y4 are methine, R24 is 3-trifluoropropyl and Y5 is nitrogen, or Y1 is nitrogen, Y2, Y3 and Y4 are methine, R24 is ethylsulphonyl and Y5 is methine, or Y1 is N—Me, Y2 is nitrogen, Y3 and Y4 together are C—Cl, R24 is methoxycarbonyl and Y5 is methine, or a compound of formula 2.16, or a compound of formula 2.18, or a compound of formula 2.19, or a compound of formula 2.30.
3. A herbicidal composition according to
claim 1
, comprising a compound of formula I, a compound of formula 2.2 (2.2, aRS, 1′S(−)N-(1′-methyl-2′-methoxyethyl)-N-chloroacetyl-2-ethyl-6-methylaniline), as well as a compound selected from formula 2.4, wherein R7 is chlorine, R8 is ethyl and R9 is isopropyl, or R7 is chlorine, R8 is ethyl and R9 is tert.-butyl, and of formula 2.6, wherein R12 is hydrogen, Z is methine, R13 is methyl, Y is nitrogen, R14 is fluorine, R15 is hydrogen and R16 is fluorine, or R12 is methoxy, Z is methine, R13 is methoxy, Y is methine, R14 is chlorine, R15 is methyl and R16 is chlorine, and of formula 2.7, wherein R17 is —C(O)-S-n-octyl, and of formula 2.13, wherein Y1 is nitrogen, Y2, Y3 and Y4 are methine, R24 is dimethylaminocarbonyl and Y5 is methine, or Y1, Y2, Y3 and Y4 are methine, R24 is methoxycarbonyl and Y5 is methine, or Y1, Y2, Y3 and Y4 are methine, R24 is 3-trifluoropropyl and Y5 is nitrogen, or Y1 is nitrogen, Y2, Y3 and Y4 are methine, R24 is ethylsulphonyl and Y5 is methine, or Y1 is N—Me, Y2 is nitrogen, Y3 and Y4 together are C—Cl, R24 is methoxycarbonyl and Y5 is methine, and of formula 2.9, and of formula 2.11, wherein R22 is trifluoromethyl, and of formula 2.12, and of formula 2.16, and of formula 2.18, and of formula 2.19.
4. A herbicidal composition according to
claim 1
, comprising a compound of formula I and a synergistically effective amount of a compound of formula 2.2 (2.2, aRS, 1′S(−)N-(1′-methyl-2′-methoxyethyl)-N-chloroacetyl-2-ethyl-6-methylaniline)
5. A herbicidal composition according to
claim 1
, wherein the compound of formula I is present in a weight ratio to the compounds of formulae 2.1 to 2.33 of 1:2000 to 2000:1.
6. A method of controlling undesirable plant growth in crops of cultivated plants, which comprises treating said plants or the locus thereof with a herbicidally effective amount of a composition as claimed in
claim 1
.
7. A method according to
claim 6
 wherein the cultivated plant is maize.
8. A method according to
claim 6
 which comprises treating the crops of cultivated plants with the said composition at rates of application corresponding to 1 to 5000 g total active ingredient per hectare.
9. Selective herbicidal composition comprising, in addition to customary inert formulation assistants, such as carriers, solvents and wetting agents, as active ingredient a mixture of
a) herbicidally synergistic amount of a compound of formula I according to
claim 1
 and one or more compounds selected from the compounds of formulae 2.1 to 2.33 according to
claim 1
 and
b) to antagonise the herbicide, an antidotally effective amount of a safener selected from the compound of formula 3.1
Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00090
and the compound of formula 3.2
Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00091
and the compound of formula 3.3
Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00092
and the compound of formula 3.4
Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00093
and the compound of formula 3.5 (3.5),
and the compound of formula 3.6
Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00094
and the compound of formula 3.7
Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00095
and the compound of formula 3.8
Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00096
and of formula 3.10
Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00097
and of formula 3.11 (3.11).
10. A method of selectively controlling weeds and grasses in crops of cultivated plants, which comprises treating said cultivated plants, the seeds or seedlings or the crop area thereof, with a herbicidally synergistic amount of a composition according to
claim 9
.
11. A method according to
claim 10
, wherein the rate of application of herbicides is 1 to 5000 g/ha and the rate of application of safeners is 0.001 to 0.5 kg/ha.
12. A method according to
claim 10
 wherein the cultivated plant is maize.
13. Herbicidal composition according to
claim 9
, which contains a) a herbicidally synergistic amount of a compound of formula I, a compound of formula 2.2 (2.2, aRS, 1′S(−)N-(1′-methyl-2′-methoxyethyl)-N-chloroacetyl-2-ethyl-6-methylaniline), as well as a compound selected from formula 2.4, wherein R7 is chlorine, R8 is ethyl and R9 is isopropyl, or R7 is chlorine, R8 is ethyl and R9 is tert.-butyl, and of formula 2.6, wherein R12 is hydrogen, Z is methine, R13 is methyl, Y is nitrogen, R14 is fluorine, R15 is hydrogen and R16 is fluorine, or R12 is methoxy, Z is methine, R13 is methoxy, Y is methine, R14 is chlorine, R15 is methyl and R16 is chlorine, and of formula 2.7, wherein R17 is —C(O)—S—n-octyl, and of formula 2.13, wherein Y1 is nitrogen, Y2, Y3 and Y4 are methine, R24 is dimethylaminocarbonyl and Y5 is methine, or Y1, Y2, Y3 and Y4 are methine, R24 is methoxycarbonyl and Y5 is methine, or Y1, Y2, Y3 and Y4 are methine, R24 is 3-trifluoropropyl and Y5 is nitrogen, or Y1 is nitrogen, Y2, Y3 and Y4 are methine, R24 is ethylsulphonyl and Y5 is methine, or Y1 is N—Me, Y2 is nitrogen, Y3 and Y4 together are C—Cl, R24 is methoxycarbonyl and Y5 is methine, and of formula 2.9, and of formula 2.11, wherein R22 is trifluoromethyl, and of formula 2.12, and of formula 2.16, and of formula 2.18, and of formula 2.19, and
b) to antagonise the herbicide, an antidotally effective amount of a safener of formula 3.1 (3.1).
14. Herbicidal composition according to
claim 9
, which contains a) a herbicidally synergistic amount of a compound of formula I, a compound of formula 2.2 (2.2, aRS, 1′S(−)N-(1′-methyl-2′-methoxyethyl)-N-chloroacetyl-2-ethyl-6-methylaniline) and
b) to antagonise the herbicide, an antidotally effective amount of a safener of formula 3.1 (3.1).
15. Selective herbicidal composition comprising, in addition to customary inert formulation assistants, such as carriers, solvents and wetting agents, as active ingredient a mixture of
a) a herbicidally effective amount of a compound of formula I and
b) to antagonise the herbicide, an antidotally effective amount of a safener selected from the compound of formula 3.1
Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00098
and the compound of formula 3.2
Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00099
and the compound of formula 3.3
Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00100
and the compound of formula 3.4
Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00101
and the compound of formula 3.5
Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00102
and the compound of formula 3.6
Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00103
and the compound of formula 3.7
Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00104
and the compound of formula 3.8
Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00105
and of formula 3.9
Cl2CHCON(CH2CH═CH2)  (3.9),
and of formula 3.10
Figure US20010004628A1-20010621-C00106
and of formula 3.11 (3.11).
16. A method of selectively controlling weeds and grasses in crops of cultivated plants, which comprises treating said cultivated plants, the seeds or seedlings or the crop area thereof, with a herbicidally synergistic amount of a composition according to
claim 15
.
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