US2000079A - Machine - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- US2000079A US2000079A US639000A US63900032A US2000079A US 2000079 A US2000079 A US 2000079A US 639000 A US639000 A US 639000A US 63900032 A US63900032 A US 63900032A US 2000079 A US2000079 A US 2000079A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- roller
- regenerated cellulose
- manufacture
- machine
- cellulose
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 28
- 239000004627 regenerated cellulose Substances 0.000 description 24
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 15
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 15
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920003086 cellulose ether Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001342 Bakelite® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000298 Cellophane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002871 Dammar gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001856 Ethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl cellulose Chemical compound CCOCC1OC(OC)C(OCC)C(OCC)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001828 Gelatine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241001527806 Iti Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- YSMRWXYRXBRSND-UHFFFAOYSA-N TOTP Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1OP(=O)(OC=1C(=CC=CC=1)C)OC1=CC=CC=C1C YSMRWXYRXBRSND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004637 bakelite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000005018 casein Substances 0.000 description 1
- BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N casein, tech. Chemical compound NCCCCC(C(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CC(C)C)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(C(C)O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(COP(O)(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021240 caseins Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019506 cigar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001249 ethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019325 ethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000025 natural resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007519 polyprotic acids Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003505 terpenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000007586 terpenes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
- B29D7/00—Producing flat articles, e.g. films or sheets
Definitions
- This invention relates to the production'of thin, smooth, and flexible pellicles, for example of cellulosic materal, which tend to slip as they pass through a machine.
- the invention is particularly useful in the manufacture of regenerated cellulose pellicles, wherein it gives particular advantages as a means for resisting the tendency of the pellicle to contract.
- the invention will be described in detail in its application to a regenerated cellulose casting machine but this description is adopted for facility only and does not serve as a limitation of the invention.
- the objects of this invention are accomplished by using a roller or rollers in the pellicle handling, treating, slitting or casting machine (particularly in the drier) which are of a material, or which have surfaces of a material, or, particularly, whose surfaces are coated with a material sufilciently adhesive (when dried) to regenerated cellulose to minimize or prevent the lateral contraction of the pellicle in manufacture or the slipping of the sheet in the handling, treating, or slitting machine.
- Figure 1 is a diagrammatic representation of portions of a Brandenberger manufacturing machine showing the location of the drier rollers
- Figure 2 represents a roller prepared according to one hereinafter described form of my invention.
- the entire roller may be surfaced with the adhesive material or, as shown in Figure 2, portions of the roller, for instance at each end, may be surfaced.
- cellulose materials of the coating and plastic composition types including the cellulose esters and cellulose ethers; natural and synthetic resins including fossil and other gums, fossil and other resins, terpenes, synthetic resins including the polyhydric alcohol-polybasic acid type, the vinyl type, and the chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbon type; soft rubber compositions; oil varnishes; silicates. such as sodium silicate; and casein.
- plastic materials such as Bakelite plastics perform the function.
- the coating is allowed to dry and the roller is then put in use.
- the principles of my invention may be applied, if desired, to the wet end of the machine, for instance to the rollers of the desulfuring bath wherein lateral shrinkage of the pellicle is known to occur.
- My invention is also useful in slitting machines.
- the automatic wrapping machinery used in the wrapping of candy, cigars, and other articles requireregenerated cellulose cut in very accurate widths.
- extreme accuracy of slitting machine design is necessary.
- variations in width of slit pellicles occur because the pellicles, which are often of extreme thinness and fiexibilityand have smooth and slippery surfaces, slide on the surfaces of the rollers of the slitting machine.
- My invention is also useful in machines for treating pellicles as, for instance, in machines for applying a moisture-proof coating to a pellicle. I have discovered that the efiiciency of operation of these machines is materially increased by the use of rollers embodying the principles of my invention as above described and herein claimed.
- pellicles may be mentioned regenerated cellulose, cellulose esters including nitrocellulose and cellulose acetate, cellulose ethers including butyl cellulose and benzyl cellulose, and gelatine regardless of by what process the pellicles be made, and even pellicles of cellulosic material only a portion of which has been gelatinized or regenerated.
- the advantages of my invention lie in the production of films or sheets of regenerated cellulose having lateral strength more nearly equal to the longitudinal strength than was previously considered feasible; in the production of films or sheets of regenerated cellulose having greater width than was previously possible with a given width of orifice; in an increased production of regenerated cellulose sheeting; in an improved manufacturing machine; in improved slitting by my improved slitting machines; and in improved operation of coating towers'and other treating machines.
- the step which comprises passing the film over a heated roller having an adhesive surface.
- step 3 which comprises passing the film over a heated roller having an adhesive surface comprising a cellulosic film-forming material.
- step which comprises passing the film over a heated roller having a surface comprising a drying oil.
- step 6 which comprises passing the film over a roller having an adhesive surface.
- the step which comprises passing the pellicle over a roller having an adhesive surface.
- step which comprises passing the pellicle over a roller having an adhesive surface comprising a film-forming material.
- step which comprises passing the film over a roller having an adhesive surface comprising a cellulosic film-forming material.
- step 11 which comprises passing the film over a roller having a surface comprising a drying oil.
- the step which comprises passing the pellicle over a roller having an adhesive surface.
Description
May 7, 1935. L. R. HERNDON 2,000,079
MACHINE Original Fileci May 27, 19:51
FIGJ
FIG.2
Le Roy Heme on, INvEMToR BY ms ATTORNEY Patented May 7,
PATENT OFFICE MACHINE Lee Roy Herndon, Kenmore, N. Y., or to Du Pont Cellophane Company, Inc., New York, N. Y., a corporation of Delaware Continuation of application Serial No. 540,412.
May 27, 1931'. This application October 21, 1932, Serial No. 639.000
13 Claim.
This application is a continuation of my application Serial Number 540,412, filed May 27, 1931 for Production of regenerated cellulose films.
This invention relates to the production'of thin, smooth, and flexible pellicles, for example of cellulosic materal, which tend to slip as they pass through a machine. The invention is particularly useful in the manufacture of regenerated cellulose pellicles, wherein it gives particular advantages as a means for resisting the tendency of the pellicle to contract. The invention will be described in detail in its application to a regenerated cellulose casting machine but this description is adopted for facility only and does not serve as a limitation of the invention.
In the manufacture of regenerated cellulose pellicles by the viscose process great lateral contraction occurs, a pellicle at the wind-up being often scarcely half the width of the solution extruded from the machine orifice. The reason for this lateral contraction is that viscose contracts some in regeneration, that regenerated cellulose contracts greatly in drying, and that the machine prevents the pellicle from contracting in the longitudinal direction by keeping the sheet under longitudinal tension whereas,
often double its lateral strength. These inequal-- ities are usually undesirable.
It is an object of this invention to improve the manufacture of regenerated cellulose pellicles. It is another object of this invention to lessen the contraction of regenerated cellulose pellicles in the manufacturing machine drier. It is another object of the invention to improve manufacturing machines. It is another object of the invention to improve slitting machines. It is another object of the invention to improve coating machines. It is another object of the invention to provide a surface for a roller or other object, which will grip and control a pellicle without sticking to it. Other objects of the invention willbe in part apparent and in part set forth asthe description proceeds,
The objects of this invention are accomplished by using a roller or rollers in the pellicle handling, treating, slitting or casting machine (particularly in the drier) which are of a material, or which have surfaces of a material, or, particularly, whose surfaces are coated with a material sufilciently adhesive (when dried) to regenerated cellulose to minimize or prevent the lateral contraction of the pellicle in manufacture or the slipping of the sheet in the handling, treating, or slitting machine.
In thedrawing Figure 1 is a diagrammatic representation of portions of a Brandenberger manufacturing machine showing the location of the drier rollers, and Figure 2 represents a roller prepared according to one hereinafter described form of my invention.
The materials which accomplish the objects of my invention are preferably made up and applied to a roller or other surface in the form of a coating composition, but they may be molded into a roller or a roller sleeve whenever they exhibit sufiicient strength and durability in that form. i
In applying the principles of my invention in the form of a coating composition to a roller the entire roller may be surfaced with the adhesive material or, as shown in Figure 2, portions of the roller, for instance at each end, may be surfaced. This is equally true regardless of the kind objects of my invention when used as the basic constituent of a coating composition to be applied to rollers, or when used as the basic or sole ingredient of a moulding composition from which rollers or rollersleeves are to be cast, are cellulose materials of the coating and plastic composition types including the cellulose esters and cellulose ethers; natural and synthetic resins including fossil and other gums, fossil and other resins, terpenes, synthetic resins including the polyhydric alcohol-polybasic acid type, the vinyl type, and the chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbon type; soft rubber compositions; oil varnishes; silicates. such as sodium silicate; and casein. When made in the form of molded rollers plastic materials such as Bakelite plastics perform the function.
I term the substances by which the objects of my invention are attained adhesive substances because their adhesion to the sheet resists the tendency of the sheet to contract or to slip. It is to be understood, however, that these adhesives are not used in a moist or tacky condition, that they do not leave appreciable traces on the sheet, and that they do not appear to require increased power for the operation of the machine.
In applying my invention to machines having cast iron or other metal rollers, I find it advantageous to make up a coating composition containing, for instance, a cellulose ester or cellulose ether, a resin, for instance damar resin, a plasticizer, for instance tricresyl phosphate, and common solvents, and apply the composition to the roller. The coating is allowed to dry and the roller is then put in use. In using certain materials whose adhesion to a metallic roller is known to be poor, I first coat with an undercoat and thereafter with the desired material.
The technique of this will be understood by those skilled in the art of coating compositions.
The principles of my invention, may be applied, if desired, to the wet end of the machine, for instance to the rollers of the desulfuring bath wherein lateral shrinkage of the pellicle is known to occur.
My invention is also useful in slitting machines. The automatic wrapping machinery used in the wrapping of candy, cigars, and other articles requireregenerated cellulose cut in very accurate widths. In order to attain this accuracy of cutting, extreme accuracy of slitting machine design is necessary. In spite of this, and in spite of improvements in slitting machine construction, variations in width of slit pellicles occur because the pellicles, which are often of extreme thinness and fiexibilityand have smooth and slippery surfaces, slide on the surfaces of the rollers of the slitting machine. I have discovered that this sliding can be stopped by applying the principles of my invention to the rollers of the slitting machine in the same way that the principles of the invention are applied to the rollers of a casting machine and that slitting machines so improved produce a much more accurately cut pellicle than is possible with older types of machines.
My invention is also useful in machines for treating pellicles as, for instance, in machines for applying a moisture-proof coating to a pellicle. I have discovered that the efiiciency of operation of these machines is materially increased by the use of rollers embodying the principles of my invention as above described and herein claimed.
While I have discussed the invention in terms of sheets or films of regenerated cellulose as a matter of convenience, it is to be understood that this problem arises in the manufacture of very thin, flexible, non-fibrous, smooth and preferably transparent pellicles which in the course of drying tend to shrink or tend to slip in the course of the mechanical treatment. Thus for example, in the manufacture of a sheet or film of cellulose acetate, ethyl cellulose, or glycol eellulose by a wet casting process, the same problems would be involved and the principles of this invention would providea solution for such problems. It is to be understood, therefore, that my invention is applicable in the manufacture, handling, or treatment of pellicles which tend to slip or contract during manufacture. Among such pellicles may be mentioned regenerated cellulose, cellulose esters including nitrocellulose and cellulose acetate, cellulose ethers including butyl cellulose and benzyl cellulose, and gelatine regardless of by what process the pellicles be made, and even pellicles of cellulosic material only a portion of which has been gelatinized or regenerated.
The advantages of my invention lie in the production of films or sheets of regenerated cellulose having lateral strength more nearly equal to the longitudinal strength than was previously considered feasible; in the production of films or sheets of regenerated cellulose having greater width than was previously possible with a given width of orifice; in an increased production of regenerated cellulose sheeting; in an improved manufacturing machine; in improved slitting by my improved slitting machines; and in improved operation of coating towers'and other treating machines. I
As many apparently widely diiferent embodiments of this invention may be made without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, it is to be understood that I do not limit myself to the specific embodiments thereof except as defined in the appended claims.
I claim:
1. In the manufacture of regenerated cellulose films the step which comprises passing the film over a heated roller having an adhesive surface.
2. In the manufacture of regenerated cellulose films the step which comprises passing the film over a heated roller having an adhesive surface comprising a film-forming material.
3. In the manufacture of regenerated cellulose films the step which comprises passing the film over a heated roller having an adhesive surface comprising a cellulosic film-forming material.
4. In the manufacture of regenerated cellulose films the step which comprisespassing the film over a heated roller having an adhesive resinous surface.
5. In the manufacture of regenerated cellulose films the step which comprises passing the film over a heated roller having a surface comprising a drying oil.
6. In the manufacture of regenerated cellulose films the step which comprises passing the film over a roller having an adhesive surface.
'7. In the manufacture of thin, flexible, and smooth pellicles the step which comprises passing the pellicle over a roller having an adhesive surface.
8. In the manufacture of a regenerated cellulose pellicle the step which comprises passing the pellicle over a roller having an adhesive surface comprising a film-forming material.
9. In the manufacture of regenerated cellulose films the step which comprises passing the film over a roller having an adhesive surface comprising a cellulosic film-forming material.
10. In the manufacture of regenerated cellulose films the step which comprises passing the film over a roller having an adhesive resinous surface.
11. In the manufacture of regenerated cellulose films the step which comprises passing the film over a roller having a surface comprising a drying oil.
12. The method of maintaining the alinement of a regenerated cellulose pellicle in a slitting machine which comprises passing the pellicle over a roller having an adhesive surface comprising a film-forming material.
13. In the slitting of thin, flexible, and smooth pellicles the step which comprises passing the pellicle over a roller having an adhesive surface.
LEE ROY HHIHDON.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US639000A US2000079A (en) | 1932-10-21 | 1932-10-21 | Machine |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US639000A US2000079A (en) | 1932-10-21 | 1932-10-21 | Machine |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US2000079A true US2000079A (en) | 1935-05-07 |
Family
ID=24562329
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US639000A Expired - Lifetime US2000079A (en) | 1932-10-21 | 1932-10-21 | Machine |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US2000079A (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2767435A (en) * | 1952-06-05 | 1956-10-23 | Du Pont | Process for longitudinally stretching polymeric film |
US2920698A (en) * | 1955-10-12 | 1960-01-12 | Beloit Iron Works | Paper machine coating arrangement |
US3283981A (en) * | 1962-04-26 | 1966-11-08 | Du Pont | Film advancing roll |
US3944644A (en) * | 1973-01-10 | 1976-03-16 | Agfa-Gevaert | Process for producing polymeric film |
-
1932
- 1932-10-21 US US639000A patent/US2000079A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2767435A (en) * | 1952-06-05 | 1956-10-23 | Du Pont | Process for longitudinally stretching polymeric film |
US2920698A (en) * | 1955-10-12 | 1960-01-12 | Beloit Iron Works | Paper machine coating arrangement |
US3283981A (en) * | 1962-04-26 | 1966-11-08 | Du Pont | Film advancing roll |
US3944644A (en) * | 1973-01-10 | 1976-03-16 | Agfa-Gevaert | Process for producing polymeric film |
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