US1998707A - Furnace - Google Patents

Description

D. .1. CAMPBELL 1,998,707

FURNACE A ril 23, 1935.

Filed Nov. 13, 1933 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 QZO as v u Donald J (am cabal! WMMIW ATTORNEY April 1935- D. J. CAMPBELL 1,998,707

' FURNACE Filed NOV. 13, 1933 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 l3 ii... is

IN VENTOR Donald J Campbell ATTORNEYS A ril 23, 1935.

D. J. CAMPBELL FURNACE 4 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed Nov. 15, 1955 N hi. I I

lNVb/VTO 00/27.! [am rive]! ATTORNEY IIII! April 23, 1935. D. J. cAMPBELL FURNACE Filed Nov. 13, 1953 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 [III 0W RIM Y 0 E W? M m v 100/? By 12 -01. 'mav Patented Apr. 23, 1935 v UNITED STATES FURNACE Donald J. Campbell, Spring Lake Township, t-.

tawa County, Mich., assignor to Campbell, Wyant & Cannon Foundry Company, Muskegon, Mich., a corporation of Michigan Application November 13, 1933,- Serial No. 697,816

' Claims. (o1. 1261+99).

This invention relates to furnaces of the socalled warm air furnace type particularly intended to heat buildings. a

An object of the invention is to provide a fur- 5 nace construction which will cause circulation of the hot products of combustion in a manner to most eificiently dissipate the'heat therefrom into the air circulated in the furnace jacket- Another object of the invention is to provide a construction embodying a water receptacle which will cause evaporation of the water to be mixed with'the air' circulated in the furnace jacket and provide hiunidification.

Another object of the invention is .to provide a construction which will cause introduction of air into the furnace jacket in amanner to" cause itto absorb moisture from the humidifier receptacle and to circulate around the heated furnace body in a manner to efl'ectively absorb: the heat therefrom.

Another object of the invention is to provide a furnace joint construction which may be conveniently assembled and disassembledand which will provide a thoroughly tight and rigid joint.

The invention provides various novel features of construction and arrangement hereinafter more fully described and particularly pointed out in-the claims, reference being had to the :acoompanying drawings in which, r

Fig. l is a sectional plan on the line l--| of 'Fig. 2.

Fig. 2 is a vertical section from front to back of the furnace. Fig. 3 is a plan view the furnace.

Fig. 4 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional elevation of. a portion of the furnace body joint and means for fastening the same.

Figs. 5, 6 and '7 are sectional plans on the lines 5-5, 6--6 and 1-1, respectively, of Fig. 2.

Fig. 8 is an end view of the parts illustrated in Fig. 4.

Like reference characters refer to like parts in all of the figures.

The furnace has the customary outer shell or jacket I which may be substantially cylindrical in shape as shown. The lower end of the shell is closed by the floor upon which it sets and the upper end is closed by'the frusto-conical cap or bonnet 2. Within the shell the furnace bodyv is located, its various parts being preferably made of cast iron. The furnace'body comprises the ash pit section 3, the fire pot composed of upper and lower sections 4 and 5, the combustion chamber 6 and the dome 1. i The ash pit and combusof the ash pit section of tion chamber sections have outward extending passages 3a and 6a respectively, through the wall of the jacket and each being closed by a conventional swinging door. --A fire grate 8 is provided in the upper; part of the ash emerging pit directly below the fire pot and channels 9,

having vertical grooves therein, are located on the inner wall of the lower section 5 of the fire pot and provide draft flues to feed air from the ash pit into the fire.

The radiator, indicated generally. as l 0, located in'theupper part of the furnace jacket, is of unusual construction. This radiator maybe described as substantially annular in shape .althoughas shown it is divided at I4 at its front portion. The radiator has a horizontal partition H separating it into upperiand lower chambers l2 and I3. The upper chambers ,l-Z are .of arc shape and extend from the division M at the front of the body rearwardly and are: terminated by vertical partitions l5. The lower chamberl3 is substantially a complete circle excepting that it is divided at the division land at the rearportion it communicateswith a vertical fine It extendingupwardly between the partitions I 5, which vertical flue l6 communicates with the smoke-pipe flue I! at the rear of the furnace. The horizontal partition 5 I has a series of spaced openings l 8, which openings are preferablygraduated in size, the openings at the front and farthest away from the vertical flue It being larger than-theopenings near the back and closer to the flue l6. v

plurality of radial flues I!) extend between the dome l and the upper chamber l2 of the radiator 10 through whichproducts of combustion from the furnace-pass into the radiator. A rearwardly extending flue '20 leads from the dome 1 and communicates with the vertical flue l6 and the, smokepipe flue l1. and has a damper 2| located in-it by which it may be closed. Suitable manual means, such as a rod 22 connected, to the damper shaft and extending through the furnace jacket, may :be provided by which the damper 2| may be adjusted.

;Cleanout fiues 23 extend outwardly from opposite sides-of the forwardportions of the radiator l0 emerging through the jacket I and being provided with hinged doors by means of which access may be had tothe radiator for cleaning.

A .U-shaped water troughZt, having an open upper side, is provided on the outer side of the ash pit.3 and its passage Set for the purpose of furnace jacket I near the bottom thereof and a horizontal deflector plate 28 is located within the jacket I directly above the opening of the cold air duct 25. This deflector plate 26 preferably fits tightly against the jacket I and is spaced by an opening 21 from the water trough 24. At intervals deflector tongues 28 are cut in the plate 26 at the outer edge adjacent the jacket I and are bent downwardly providing openings 29 and deflecting members extending downwardly into the path of the incoming air which directs a portion of the cold air upwardly into the jacket near its wall, the remainder of the incoming cold air moving through the space .21 adjacent the water trough and thence upwardly close to the furnace body.

The various sections of the furnace body are provided with joints and fastening means by which the entire body assembly is rigidly connected together to prevent it from leaking gas from the interior of the body into the jacket portion. Each of the sections at its joining edges is circular and the edge of one section has one or more annular grooves 30 while the joining edge of the other section has a like number of corresponding annular tongues 3|. The tongues are somewhat smaller in cross section than the grooves and cement is placed in the joint between the sections when the parts are assembled.

The means for fastening the sections together consists of divided headed studs 32, a half of one stud being formed on one of the sections and the other half-of the other section. When the sections are joined and the component halves of the studs located adjacent each other, wire 33 is wound around the studs behind their heads and the ends twisted together which firmly holds the parts in place. If it is desired to separate the parts it may readily'be done by removing the wire 33 from the studs permitting them to be separated.

The various heated members of the furnace body are preferably provided on the outside with heat radiating fins 34 which preferably extend vertically in the direction of the fiow of air and materially aid in the radiation of heat.

Operation Although the furnace illustrated and described is designed to burn coal as a fuel it is to be understood that the principles of this invention relate to a furnace utilizing other fuel such as oil or gas. The fire occurs within the furnace body in the fire pot and combustion chamber, these parts being heated by the fire directly and the products of combustion, commonly called smoke, travel upwardly into the dome'l and outwardly through the radial fiues l9 into the upper chamber l2 of the radiator.

It may be here explained that in starting a fire, suchas a coal fire for example, the damper 2! may be opened to provide a direct passage through the fiue 20 to the smoke outlet I! which gives a stronger draft and aids in starting the fire. After the fire has been established the damper 2I may be closed causing all of the smoke to travel through the radial fiues I9. After entering the chambers I2 of the radiator the smoke must travel downwardly through the openings I8 into the lower chamber I3 from which it finds its way through the vertical flue I6 and out through the smoke pipe flue ii. The smoke follows a devious passage, part of which is downward against the force of gravity, and this, in the first place slows its rate of flow and, in the second place, causes it to contact greater radiating area. Both of these factors result in an increase of heat dissipation.

Water in the trough 24 is heated and evaporated and incoming air from the duct 25 deflected by the plate 2'5 and passing upward through the opening 21 adjacent the edge of the water trough absorbs the evaporated moisture. Since it is well established that evaporation is aided by heating the liquid, by changing the air over its surface and by reducing the air pressure over its surface it will be seen that this structure utilizes these laws of evaporation to good advantage. The furnace provides the heat to aid evaporation and the air current, concentrated to move upwardly past the edge of the trough, decreases the air pressure over the surface of the water andalso moves the air current over this surface.

A part of the incoming cold air is directed by the deflector tongues 28 upwardly through the openings 29 into the furnace jacket; adjacent its outer wall. While it is desirable to have the greater volume of air current introduced into the jacket close to the furnace body, both to aid in evaporating the moisture and humidification and also because it will be most effectively heated by close association with the furnace body, it is also desirable to admit some of the air current into the jacket near its outer wall. The plate 26 and the tongues 28 formed integral therewith are preferably of sheet metal and therefore the tongues may be bent upwardly or downwardly as desired both to govern the size of the openings 29 and also the extent to which the tongues project into the air passage and by this means the amount of air passing through the openings 29 may be controlled.

It is to be understood that in this furnace, as is customary in furnaces of this type, the heated air is emitted from the jacket through openings 35, which communicate with pipes through which the heated and humidified air is conducted to the spaces to be heated such as rooms at a higher level. V

The invention is defined in the appended claims and is to be considered comprehensive of all forms of structure coming within their scope.

I claim:

1. The combination with a furnace having a combustion chamber with a dome thereabove, of a radiator comprising, an annular body having a single division therein and having upper and lower chambers divided by a partition, a plurality of fiues communicating between the combustion chamber and the upper radiator chamber, a smoke outlet from the lower radiator chamber at a location remote from the division in the radiator, passages through the partition communicating between the upper and lower radiator chambers, said passages being of varying size and the larger passages being located most remote from the said smoke outlet, a flue extending from the dome directly to the smoke outlet, means to close said flue, and means for introducing air below the last mentioned fiue whereby the cooler air impinges thereagainst for the purpose described.

2. A combination of elements as in claim 1 in which the last mentioned means includes an opening extending immediately adjacent to the exterior of the combustion chamber and partly therearound and a plurality of openings spaced from the combustion chamber. 1

3. The combination with a furnace having a combustion chamber, of a dome for said combustion chamber, an annular radiator body surrounding said dome and spaced therefrom, said radiator body having an upper and lower chamber divided by a partition, a plurality of fines extending radially between the dome and the radiator, said flues acting to support the radiator upon the dome and also to aiford communication between the dome and the upper radiator chamber, a smoke outlet from the lower radiator chamber, passages through said partition communicating between the upper and lower radiator chambers, and means for introducing air below the fiues and so directing the same as to cause it to flow against predetermined portions of the flues and radiator body and smoke outlet.

4. A combination of elements as in claim 3 in which guiding means is provided for causing upward parallel flow of the air, said means including integral ribs extending outwardly from the combustion chamber.

5. A combination with a furnace having a combustion chamber, of a dome for said combustion chamber, said dome being open at the bottom and connecting with the combustion chamber, said dome having integral hollow flues extending radially outward therefrom, a substantially annular radiator body surrounding the dome and spaced therefrom and having its ends closed and juxtaposed to each other, said annular body being hollow and being integrally formed with the previously mentioned flues, said flues leading into the upper portion of the annular radiator body, said radiator body having a partition extending therearound in a plane below the lines, said partitions having a plurality of openings therein, the largest of these openings being located immediately adjacent to the closed ends of the annular body, two integral partitions located substantially opposite to the closed ends of the annular body, these partitions extending between the horizontally located partition and the top of the annular body whereby an outlet is formed therebetween, a radially extending smoke outlet integrally formed with and extending from the dome into the said smoke outlet and means for closing the same.

i DONALD J. CAMPBELL.

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