US1975288A - Oil burner - Google Patents

Description

O t- 2, 1934- J. G. 'RED'SHAW OIL BURNER Filed May 27, 1930 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Jaw v71 6. fedafiaw @Zfo 2163 Patented Oct. 2, 1934 STATS Signor, by Burner Company, a setts mesne assignments, to Perfect corporation of Massachu- Application May 27,1930, SerialNo. 456,071 2 Claims. (Cl. 158-87) The present invention relates to oil burners.

An object of the invention is to providea new and improved oil burner that shall operate more efficiently and more economically than burners heretofore in use.

A further object is to raise the oil to a most intense heat before it reaches the flame, thus breaking it up thoroughly into its constituents.

Another object is to burn the oil constituents it? completely before they leave the burner and to prevent their escapingunburned, thus eliminating all soot.

Another object is to mix the oil constituents with air throughout the operation of the burner,

thus additionally aiding complete combustion.

' Still another object is to reduce the period of time required to start oil burners operating.

A further object is to provide a novel oilvaporizing chamber, with improved connections therefrom to the combustion channels, involving a superior feed for the oil from the outside of the burner inward. I

Other and further objects will be explained hereinafter and will be particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

The invention will be more fully explained in connection with the accompanying drawings in which Fig. l is an elevation of the improved oil burner of the present invention, in itspreferred form, parts being broken away and other parts exaggerated for clearness; Fig. 2 is a plan of a part of the same, similarly exaggerated; Fig. 3

is a fragmentary view of a modification; Fig. 4

is a section taken upon the line 4-4 of Fig. 5, looking in the direction of the arrows; and Fig. 5 is a plan corresponding toFig. 4, parts'being removed for clearness.

The present invention is illustrated as comprising two separate oil burners 2 and 4, carried upon a common supporting post 6, though it will be understood that the invention may be employed in connection with one burner'or any other number of burners. The post 6.may be fixed in vertically adjusted position by means of a set screw 8, the usual leveling screws 10 being pro- 'vided for engagement with a customary ash-pit or other base 12. The support 6 carries an arm 14 provided with'a slot 16 for permitting horizontal adjustment of the burners 2 and 4 as a unit.

53 As the burners 2 and 4 are preferably alike, it

'will suiiice to describe but one of them. A horizontally disposed framework 18 is provided with concentrically disposed, circular channels 20 and 22. According to the preferred embodiment of the invention, the channels are each adapted to contain a Wick 24, the top of. which is indicated at 78; but the wicks may in some cases be omitted. Thoughbut two channels 20 and 22 are illustrated, it will be understood that any desired number may be employed. Indeed, itis an advantage of the present invention that it may be embodied in quite large-size burners;- of a size, indeed, such as have proved impracticable according .to designs at present employed. The framework .18 has a central portion 26 that integrally connects together the portions carrying the channels 20 and 22. The central portion 26 is open .to permit. the entrance of air into the'space surrounded by the innermost perforated shell or sleeve 28. The degree of opening in the portion 26 may be adjusted by a damper 29. The shell 28 and a shell 30 rise up along the outer and the inner edges of the channel 20, and a similar pair of shells .32 and 34 similarly bound or enclose the channel 22. 5 The channels 20 andv 22 are also separated by an open space to'permit air to enter between the shells 30 and 32 and, through the perforations therein, into the spaces between the shells 28 and 30 and 32 and 34, respectively. A disc cover 36, preferably provided with a large number of perforations 38, rests on top of the shell 28, and is provided with a guiding circular projection 40 for holding the cover in place. A ring cover 42 rests on top of the shells 30 and 32. The ring cover 3 42 does not cover the shell 34, thus leaving the space between the shells 32 and 34 uncovered. Preferably, the spaces betweenthe shells 28, 30 and between the shells 32 and 34 are left entirely open at the top to provide an increased draft, as hereinafter explained.

Exterior of the channel 22, the frame 18 is constructed to provide a fuel-containing chamber 44, into which fuel may be fed through pipes 46 and 48, the pipe 48 being provided with a carbon trap 50 below the joint 49 between the pipes 46 and 48. The joint 49, .by reason of this construction, does not clog up. The fuel in the chamber 44 is maintained at a predetermined" level by' a suitablyconstructed reservoir (not shown) connected with the pipe 46. The chamber 44 is covered by a ring 52, the fit 56 between the ring 52 and the exterior wall 54 of the chamber 44, and the fit 57 between the ring 52 and the outermost shell 34 being loose to permit the entry of air between them. The degree of looseness of the its 56 and 57 may be adjusted or controlled to produce the best results. It is found, in practice, however, that very good results are obtained. without any adjustments or other external aids, merely by having the air enter at the cracks formed between the rough, unmachined, casting surfaces on the ring 52 and the top of the wall 54, as shown exaggerated in Fig. 1. The chamber 44 is thus both a cracking and mixing chamber. The bottoms 58 and 60 of the channels 20 and 22, respectively, are disposed below the bottom 62 of the chamber 44. The chamber 44 is connected with the channel 22 by ports 64 and the channel 22 is, in turn, connected with the channel 20 by ports 66. By reason of this construction, there may be but a very thin film of oil in the chamber 44, at the time of starting the burner, when there may be a much deeper layer of oil in the channels 20 and 22, with the result that, during the heating-up process, when the oil is boiling up, there will not be a very large accumulation in the vaporizing chamber 44. The cracked fuel from the chamber 44 is distributed through the ports to the channels 20 and 22.

In operation, the chamber 44 is heated by the heat produced during the combustion. This heat isof so intense a nature as entirely to break up and crack the fuel contained in the chamber 44 into all of its constituents, so that practically no residue is left behind to choke the burner. All the volatile constituents of the oil, in vaporized form, together with the carbon, are thus transmitted, through the ports 64 and 66, into the channels 20 and 22, where they become completely burned. A very strong draft is produced at or over the center of the burner by the combustion. This draft produces a suction at 56 and 5'7. Air enters through the cracks, shown exaggerated at 56 and 57, by reason of this suction, mixing with the vaporized constituent elements of the oil in the chamber 44 and, together with the air entering through the perforations in the shells, is pulled upward between the shells by the draft. If desired, the air may be caused to enter the chamber 44 elsewhere than at 56 and 57, for example, through openings (not shown) provided in the walls of the chamber 44. It is found, in practice, that the loose connection between the ring'52 and the wall 54 is sufficient to produce a natural, strong draft by atmospheric pressure at 56. This initial mixture of air with the constituent elements of the oil helps to assure complete combustion, and therefore generates greater heat, thereby helping to eliminate the deposits of foreign substances that are found in present-day burners. The draft is aided by the perforations in the cover 36. In order to facilitate the entry of air through the perforations in the sleeve 28, the central portion 26 of the frame must be open, as before explained, and the damper or valve-like structure 29 may be employed to regulate the amount of air thus entering centrally.

Of course,it willbe understood that the chamber 44 will not necessarily surround the channels 20 and 22, but may be positioned off to one side, so long as the chamber is heated sufliciently to break up the oil and so long as the vaporized fuel thus produced is mixed with air prior to its entry into the channels 20 and 22.

If desired, a further preheating chamber '70 may be employed disposed, either below the frame 18, as illustrated in Fig. 4, or elsewhere, in order to break up the oil into its constituents the more effectively even before it reaches the chamber 44. In practice, however, it is found unnecessary to employ the preheating chamber 70, unless a very heavy Boume oil is used. The chamber '10 may be made of any suitable material that is easily cleaned of carbon or soot deposits, such as Monel metal.

It is found that the present invention yields a very high degree of heat, and the amount of soot and other deposits, except minerals, left behind by incomplete combustion of the oils is negligible. Not only is a better heating effect thus produced during the operation of the burner, but also the period of time required to bring the burner up to effective operation is materially reduced.

It will be understood that modifications and changes may be made by persons skilled in the art, and all such are considered to fall within the spirit and scope of the present invention as de fined in the appended claims.

What is claimed is: a

1. An oil burner having, in combination, a

horizontally disposed frame having a channel, a fuel-containing chamber exterior to the channel,

hereby the chamber becomes heated by the heat of combustion to cause the fuel in the chamber to ecome broken up into its constituents, the chamber being connected with the channel to permit the constituents to travel from the chamber to the channel, two shells bounding, and rising up from, the channel, the chamber being open at its upper end, and a cover loosely closing the upper end of the chamber to permit air under atmospheric pressure to enter the chamber under the cover and to travel with the constituents from the chamber into the channel and from the channel upward between the shells.

' 2. An oil burner having, in combination, a base, concentrically disposed walls standing out from the base and forming a channel between them, a wall standing out from the lease exterior to the outside Wall of the channel and forming with the said outside wall a fuel-containing chamber that is exterior to the channel and that open at its upper end, whereby the chamber becomes heated by the heat of combustionto cause the fuel in the chamber to become broken up into its constitu ents, means whereby the constituents travel from the chamber into the channel, two shells bounding and'rising up from the channel, and an annular cover loosely closing the upper end of the chamber and loosely connected with the outermost shell to permit air under atmospheric pressure to enter thechamber under the cover and between the coverv and the outermost shell and to travel with the constituents from the chamber into the channel and from the channel upward between the shells.

JOSEPH GAUNT REDSHAW.

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