US1972615A - Strain insulator - Google Patents

Strain insulator Download PDF

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US1972615A
US1972615A US509643A US50964331A US1972615A US 1972615 A US1972615 A US 1972615A US 509643 A US509643 A US 509643A US 50964331 A US50964331 A US 50964331A US 1972615 A US1972615 A US 1972615A
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grippers
strain
wood
gripping
load
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US509643A
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Arthur O Austin
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Ohio Brass Co
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Ohio Brass Co
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B17/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by their form
    • H01B17/02—Suspension insulators; Strain insulators
    • H01B17/12—Special features of strain insulators

Definitions

  • This invention relates to insulators of wood or other material having fittings for securing the same to connected parts, and has for one of its objects the provision of a fitting for gripping a l wood member in a manner to utilize the ultimate strength of the wood and to provide for variations in size of the member gripped.
  • a further object is to provide a fitting for strain members which shall be simple and economical' to manufacture and which shall be efilcient in operation.
  • Fig. 1 is an elevation of one end of a strain insulator having one embodiment of the present invention applied thereto.
  • Fig. 2 is a section on line 2-2 of Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 3 is an elevation of one. end of a modified 26 construction.
  • Fig. 4 is a section on line 4-4 of Fig. 3.
  • Fig. 5 is a plan of the device shown in Fig. 3.
  • Fig.6 is a view similar to Fig. 4 but showing a modified arrangement.
  • Fig. '7 is a view similar to Fig. 1 but showing a different form of the invention.
  • Fig. 8 is a plan and Fig. 9 an elevation of one end of a strain insulator having a form of the invention applied thereto.
  • FIG. 10 is a view similarto Fig. 3 showing a modified form of the invention.
  • Fig. 11 is a section on line 11-11 of Fig. 10.
  • Fig. 12 is a view similar to Fig. 3 showing another modification.
  • Fig. '13 is a section on line 1313 of Fig. 12.
  • the insulation provided by the wood is also effective in preventing flashover and line interruption due to fog or other severe conditions.
  • guy structures Owing to the limited mechanical strength of wood structures, it is common practice to guy structures to increase their mechanical strength. In order to develop the efiective insulation of the structure, however, it is necessary that insulation 55 be placed in the. guys.
  • One method of providing insulation in the guys is to use wood tension members of the desired mechanical and electrical characteristics. It is more or less diflicult, however, to provide the necessary reliability in wood members, particularly where they are subjected to high stresses in tension.
  • a wood or other member 10 is provided with a gripping mechanism having an attachment bale or eye 11 for connection to a guy or supporting structure.
  • the wood member is provided with a tapered head 12 fitted with hearing plates 13.
  • the bearing plates may be extended so as to form horns 14 or the members 14 may be separate members if so desired.
  • Tilting grips or toggles 15 are used to transfer the tension from the bale 11 and are so proportioned that they set up the necessary pressure between the hearing plates 13 and the wood and so that the desired strength and tension will be obtained partly through reaction of the members 12 and 13 against each other and partly through friction produced by the pressure between the plates 13 and the head 12.
  • the tilting grips 15 are held in place by a bolt 16 which passes through an oblong opening in the head 12 of the wood member.
  • a friction plate 17 may be placed in a slot 18 in the head 12 to supplement the holding action of the plates 13, and where this is done, the bolt 16 fits tightly in an opening through the friction plate 1'7.
  • a load is applied to the bale 11, it tends to move the grip levers longitudinally of the member 10. This movement is arrested by the bolt 16 and the pressure and friction between the bearing plates 13 and the head 12.
  • the points of bearing between the bale 11 and the tilting members is such that the inner ends of the tilting members 15 press against the bearing plate 13; the combination producing a lever action with the heads of the bolt 16 providing fulcrum abutments.
  • the bolt 16 may pass through the wood as this may be placed outside of the wood member if desired, or any suitable arrangement may be used which will provide the necessary tension on the plate 17. If desired the shear on the bolt 16 may be eliminated by allowing the grip levers 15 to bear against projections 19 on the plates 13.
  • a strap or tension member 21 is placed between tilting grips or toggles 22, 23,and 24, clamped together by bolts 25, 26 and 27.
  • These members 22, 23 and 24 may bear directly upon the wood strain insulator bar 28 or upon hearing plates 29.
  • Bearing plates 29 may be provided with inclined bearing surfaces 30. These inclined surfaces may be in the form of ribs pressed out from the plates if so desired. By providing inclined surfaces, it is possible to obtain more latitude for gripping, as any tendency to slip between the members 22, 23 and 24 and the plates by the geometric relations of the parts so as to provide for a wide range of material. The relation between the ultimate in tension and compression may be quite difierent for various woods or materials used in the tension member.
  • the toggle action may be varied for difierent members so that the pressure and grip may be greater in-one member than in another, in order to prevent the maximum tension or ultimate in the wood member.
  • the bearing plates 29 may be bolted or attached to the wood member 31 by bolts 32 or other suitable means. While this may not be necessary to secure the necessary ultimate strength of the insulator, looseness and de-arrangement of the parts before tension is applied will be prevented.
  • the wood member may be provided with wedges 33 so as to provide a tapered head.
  • the gripping members 35 may be made so as to clamp in the direction of the diagonal of the wood bar 36, as shown in Fig. 6. This gives a longer arm from the point of attachment of the bolt 25 to the outer bearing surface of the strap 35 and tends to clamp the wood member equally from all sides.
  • a taper. head may be provided by means of wedge members 37 which help to provide the necessary tightness.
  • Combined gripping and toggle plates 35. may bear upon bearing plates 38 or directly upon the wood itself if so desired. Where the bearing plates rest directly upon the wood, it is usually advisable to round the bearing surfaces so as to prevent crushing of the wood by concentrated pressure due to the tilting of the bearing plates under the toggle action.
  • Fig. 7 shows a construction in which a tilting grip or toggle action is produced by dogs 40 pressing directly upon bearing plates 41.
  • the dogs 40 are pivoted at 42 to a bale 43, the arms of which are" held together by a yoke 44.
  • the tension member 45 has a taper head 46 engaging the bearing plates 41. The gripping action, as well as compensation for variations in the parts, is provided by thetilting grip of the dogs 40.
  • the bale 47 is used in connection with tilting grips or toggle members 48 and 49 to produce a component normal to the axis of the insulating member 50.
  • a component normal to the axis of the member 50 is produced, owing to the inclination of the portions 51 and 52 of the bale 47.
  • the component normal to the member 50 will depend upon the angularity and the tension in the parts 51 and 52. If the tension member 4'! slides easily in the members 48 and 49 and is rather flexible, the members 48 and 49 may be rigidly connected to hearing plates 53 engaging the faces of the bar 50. In general, however, the members 48 and 49 may be allowed to tilt or rock upon the bearing plates 53.
  • the pressure may be regulated by changing the angularity of the tension members 51 and 42 relative to a plane through the axis of the insulating bar 50. By making the angle small between these members, compression may be reduced so that the crushing force can be limited.
  • Figs. 10 and 12 Forms somewhat similar to that of Fig. 3 are shown in Figs. 10 and 12. The arrangement, however, is such that longer lever arms are ob,- tained for the tilting grips.
  • the grip or toggle members 55 press directly upon the wood or insulating member 56.
  • This member 56 is provided with a wedge 57 to provide inclined bearing surfaces and to keep all of the members tight.
  • Tension bars 60 are disposed between the overlapping ends of the tilting grips 55 and piv-- oted-to the ends of the grips by rivets 58 arranged in spaced lines to provide maximum leverage for the grips 55.
  • the wedge 57 is omitted and wedge shaped bearing plates 59 are driven between the contact straps of the tilting grips 55 and the surfaces of the wood member 56.
  • a pull member therefor, a plurality of grippers for connecting said pull member with said strain member, and tie means for holding said grippers in cooperative relation with said strain member, said grippers being distributed along said strain member and being connected differently one from the other to said pull member to exert a. graded gripping force on said strain member and thus distribute the load transmitted by said grippers to said strain member.

Description

P 1934- A. o. AUSTIN 1,972,615
STRAIN INSULATOR Filed Jan. 19, 1931 2 Sheets-Sheet l Figl. 7
A TTORNEY Sept. 4, 1934.
A. O. AUSTIN STRAIN INSULATOR Filed Jan. 19, 1931 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 IVVENTO R Arf/wr 0. 1403/ A TTORNEY Patented Sept. 4, 1934 PATENT OFFICE STRAIN I NSULATOR Arthur 0. Austin, near Barberton, Ohio, assignor, by mesne assignments, to The Ohio Brass Company, Mansfield, Ohi Jersey 0, a corporation of New Application January 19, 1931, Serial No. 509,643
13 Claims.
3 This invention relates to insulators of wood or other material having fittings for securing the same to connected parts, and has for one of its objects the provision of a fitting for gripping a l wood member in a manner to utilize the ultimate strength of the wood and to provide for variations in size of the member gripped.
A further object is to provide a fitting for strain members which shall be simple and economical' to manufacture and which shall be efilcient in operation.
Other objects and advantages will appear from the following description.
The invention is exemplified by the combination and arrangement of parts shown in the accompanying drawings and described in the following specification, and it is more particularly pointed out in the appended claims.
In the drawings:
Fig. 1 is an elevation of one end of a strain insulator having one embodiment of the present invention applied thereto.
. Fig. 2 is a section on line 2-2 of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is an elevation of one. end of a modified 26 construction.
Fig. 4 is a section on line 4-4 of Fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is a plan of the device shown in Fig. 3.
Fig.6 is a view similar to Fig. 4 but showing a modified arrangement.
Fig. '7 is a view similar to Fig. 1 but showing a different form of the invention.
Fig. 8 is a plan and Fig. 9 an elevation of one end of a strain insulator having a form of the invention applied thereto.
'Fig. 10 is a view similarto Fig. 3 showing a modified form of the invention. Fig. 11 is a section on line 11-11 of Fig. 10.
Fig. 12 is a view similar to Fig. 3 showing another modification.
Fig. '13 is a section on line 1313 of Fig. 12.
In high voltage transmission lines where the supporting structures are made of wood, it is frequently very desirable to make effective use of the insulation provided by the wood for high voltage 45 transients, such asv those produced by lightning or switching. The insulation provided by the wood is also effective in preventing flashover and line interruption due to fog or other severe conditions.
Owing to the limited mechanical strength of wood structures, it is common practice to guy structures to increase their mechanical strength. In order to develop the efiective insulation of the structure, however, it is necessary that insulation 55 be placed in the. guys. One method of providing insulation in the guys is to use wood tension members of the desired mechanical and electrical characteristics. It is more or less diflicult, however, to provide the necessary reliability in wood members, particularly where they are subjected to high stresses in tension.
The shrinkage of the wood or its change in volume, due to atmospheric conditions, may destroy the grip of attachments and the mechanical strength of the member. When the wood member becomes wet, it tends to expand and upon drying a fitting which had previously been tight may be loose. In order to provide an attachment which will insure a high degree of mechanical strength and reliability over a long period of time, it is necessary and advisable that some means be provided so that the necessary grip may be maintained even though the thickness or volume of the wood member may change. It is also desirable to provide a grip member for the wood such that any swelling on the part of the wood will tend to be compensated for by the grip member, in order to prevent destruction of the fibres in the wood.
In the form of the invention shown in Fig. 1 a wood or other member 10 is provided with a gripping mechanism having an attachment bale or eye 11 for connection to a guy or supporting structure. The wood member is provided with a tapered head 12 fitted with hearing plates 13. The bearing plates may be extended so as to form horns 14 or the members 14 may be separate members if so desired. Tilting grips or toggles 15 are used to transfer the tension from the bale 11 and are so proportioned that they set up the necessary pressure between the hearing plates 13 and the wood and so that the desired strength and tension will be obtained partly through reaction of the members 12 and 13 against each other and partly through friction produced by the pressure between the plates 13 and the head 12. The tilting grips 15 are held in place by a bolt 16 which passes through an oblong opening in the head 12 of the wood member.
A friction plate 17 may be placed in a slot 18 in the head 12 to supplement the holding action of the plates 13, and where this is done, the bolt 16 fits tightly in an opening through the friction plate 1'7. When a load is applied to the bale 11, it tends to move the grip levers longitudinally of the member 10. This movement is arrested by the bolt 16 and the pressure and friction between the bearing plates 13 and the head 12. The points of bearing between the bale 11 and the tilting members is such that the inner ends of the tilting members 15 press against the bearing plate 13; the combination producing a lever action with the heads of the bolt 16 providing fulcrum abutments. By properly proportioning the two arms of the levers 15, it is possible to produce the desired pressure for any given tension. 9
By reference to Fig. 1, it is readily seen that should the wood or head member 12 shrink, the looseness will be readily taken up by the lever or toggle action. It is also seen that if the pressure increases, due to swelling of the wood, the ends of the toggle member will be thrown outwardly. The pressure necessary to set up a given frictional load may be readily regulated by the use of friction plates 1'7, disclosed in my prior Patent Number 1,497,319. The connection between the bale 11 and the friction plate 17 is usually through the bolt 16,- although if desired the friction plates may be attached in other ways, such as to the bearing plates 13 outside of the wood member. It of course is not necessary that the bolt 16 pass through the wood as this may be placed outside of the wood member if desired, or any suitable arrangement may be used which will provide the necessary tension on the plate 17. If desired the shear on the bolt 16 may be eliminated by allowing the grip levers 15 to bear against projections 19 on the plates 13.
In the form of the invention shown in Figs. 3, 4 and 5 a strap or tension member 21 is placed between tilting grips or toggles 22, 23,and 24, clamped together by bolts 25, 26 and 27. These members 22, 23 and 24 may bear directly upon the wood strain insulator bar 28 or upon hearing plates 29. Bearing plates 29 may be provided with inclined bearing surfaces 30. These inclined surfaces may be in the form of ribs pressed out from the plates if so desired. By providing inclined surfaces, it is possible to obtain more latitude for gripping, as any tendency to slip between the members 22, 23 and 24 and the plates by the geometric relations of the parts so as to provide for a wide range of material. The relation between the ultimate in tension and compression may be quite difierent for various woods or materials used in the tension member. By properly designing the toggle action, this variation may be provided for. If desired, the toggle action may be varied for difierent members so that the pressure and grip may be greater in-one member than in another, in order to prevent the maximum tension or ultimate in the wood member. The bearing plates 29 may be bolted or attached to the wood member 31 by bolts 32 or other suitable means. While this may not be necessary to secure the necessary ultimate strength of the insulator, looseness and de-arrangement of the parts before tension is applied will be prevented.
With the arrangement shown, variations in the thickness of the members may be readily compensated for by tightening the bolts 25, 26 and 27. This is desirable as the tension members are likely to vary in thickness. If desired,
the wood member may be provided with wedges 33 so as to provide a tapered head.
In some cases the gripping members 35 may be made so as to clamp in the direction of the diagonal of the wood bar 36, as shown in Fig. 6. This gives a longer arm from the point of attachment of the bolt 25 to the outer bearing surface of the strap 35 and tends to clamp the wood member equally from all sides. If desired, a taper. head may be provided by means of wedge members 37 which help to provide the necessary tightness. Combined gripping and toggle plates 35. may bear upon bearing plates 38 or directly upon the wood itself if so desired. Where the bearing plates rest directly upon the wood, it is usually advisable to round the bearing surfaces so as to prevent crushing of the wood by concentrated pressure due to the tilting of the bearing plates under the toggle action.
Fig. 7 shows a construction in which a tilting grip or toggle action is produced by dogs 40 pressing directly upon bearing plates 41. The dogs 40 are pivoted at 42 to a bale 43, the arms of which are" held together by a yoke 44. The tension member 45 has a taper head 46 engaging the bearing plates 41. The gripping action, as well as compensation for variations in the parts, is provided by thetilting grip of the dogs 40.
In the modification shown in Figs. 8 and 9, the bale 47 is used in connection with tilting grips or toggle members 48 and 49 to produce a component normal to the axis of the insulating member 50. When tension is applied to the member 47, a component normal to the axis of the member 50 is produced, owing to the inclination of the portions 51 and 52 of the bale 47. The component normal to the member 50 will depend upon the angularity and the tension in the parts 51 and 52. If the tension member 4'! slides easily in the members 48 and 49 and is rather flexible, the members 48 and 49 may be rigidly connected to hearing plates 53 engaging the faces of the bar 50. In general, however, the members 48 and 49 may be allowed to tilt or rock upon the bearing plates 53. This will not only tend to reduce friction but to produce a further tightening due to the toggle action. The pressure may be regulated by changing the angularity of the tension members 51 and 42 relative to a plane through the axis of the insulating bar 50. By making the angle small between these members, compression may be reduced so that the crushing force can be limited.
Forms somewhat similar to that of Fig. 3 are shown in Figs. 10 and 12. The arrangement, however, is such that longer lever arms are ob,- tained for the tilting grips. In Fig. 10 the grip or toggle members 55 press directly upon the wood or insulating member 56. This member 56 is provided with a wedge 57 to provide inclined bearing surfaces and to keep all of the members tight. Tension bars 60 are disposed between the overlapping ends of the tilting grips 55 and piv-- oted-to the ends of the grips by rivets 58 arranged in spaced lines to provide maximum leverage for the grips 55. In the modification shown in Fig. 12 the wedge 57 is omitted and wedge shaped bearing plates 59 are driven between the contact straps of the tilting grips 55 and the surfaces of the wood member 56.
I claim:
1. The combination with a strain member having a flat bearing surface, of a gripper having a flat gripping face engaging said bearing surface, said gripper comprising a rigid lever arm extend- 150 ing transverse to said gripping face, a pull member connected to said lever arm for transmitting a load to said strain member through said gripper, the force of said load tending to tilt said gripper face, and tie means holding said gripping face to said bearing surface so that tilting of said gripping face under the force of the load causes said gripper to press against said bearing surface for holding said strain member.
2. The combination with a strain member having flat bearing surfaces at opposite sides thereof, of a pair of grippers having fiat gripping faces engaging said bearing surfaces respectively, said grippers comprising rigid lever arms extending transverse to said gripping faces, a pull member connected to said lever arms for transmitting a load to said strain member through said grippers, the force of said load tending to tilt said gripping faces, and tie means holding said grippers to said strain member so that tilting of said gripping faces causes said grippers to clamp said strain member.
3. The combination with a strain member, of bearing plates having flat bearing surfaces disposed at opposite sides of said strain member, a pair of grippers having fiat gripping faces engaging said bearing surfaces respectively, said grippers comprising rigid lever arms extending transverse to said gripping faces, a pull member connected to said lever arms fortransmitting a load to said strain member through said grippers, the force of the load tending to tilt said gripping faces, and tie means holding said grippers together so that tilting of said gripping faces causes said grippers to press upon said bearing plates and grip said strain member.
4. The combination with a strain member having relatively inclined, flat bearing surfaces at opposite sides thereof, of a pair of grippers having flat gripping faces engaging said bearing surfaces respectively, said grippers comprising rigid lever arms extending transverse to said gripping faces, a pull member connected to said lever arms for transmitting a load to said strain mem ber through said grippers, the force of said load tending to tilt said gripping faces, and tie means holding said grippers together so that tilting of said gripping faces causes said grippers to clamp said strain member. 5. The combination with a strain member having bearing faces at opposite sides thereof, of a pair of grippers having gripping faces extending along said bearing faces in contact therewith, said grippers comprising lever arms rigid therewith and extending transverse to said gripping faces, a pull member connected to said lever arms for transmitting a load to said strain member through said grippers, and tie means for holding said grippers together so that tilting of said gripping faces tends to move portions of said faces into closer contact with said bearing surfaces.
6. The combination with a strain member having bearing surfaces at opposite sides thereof extending longitudinally of said strain member, of a pair of grippers having gripping faces engaging said bearing surfaces respectively, said grippers comprising lever arms extending transverse to said gripping faces, a pull member connected to said lever arms for transmitting a load through said grippers to said strain member, the force of said load acting to tilt said gripping faces relative to said bearing surfaces about contact points of said gripping faces on said bearing surfaces, and tie means for holding said grippers together so that tilting of said gripping faces causes said grippers to clamp said strain member.
'7. The combination with a strain member, of
a pull member therefor, a plurality of grippers for connecting said pull member with said strain member, and tie means for holding said grippers in cooperative relation with said strain member, said grippers being distributed along said strain member and being connected differently one from the other to said pull member to exert a. graded gripping force on said strain member and thus distribute the load transmitted by said grippers to said strain member.
8. The combination with a strain member having bearing surfaces at opposite sides thereof, of a plurality of grippers having gripping faces engaging said bearing surfaces respectively, said grippers comprising lever arms extending transverse to said gripping faces, a pull member connected to said lever arms for transmitting a load to said strain member through said grippers, the force of said load tending to tilt said gripping faces relative to said bearing surfaces about contact lines between said bearing faces and gripping surfaces, and tie means for holding said grippers to said strain member, said pull member being connected to said grippers at relatively different points on their respective lever arms to produce a graded distribution of the gripping action on said strain member under the force of the load exerted by said pull member.
9. The combination with a strain member, of U shaped grippers engaging opposite faces of said strain member and a pull member secured to the adjacent legs of said grippers for transmitting a load to said strain member through said grippers, the force of said load acting to produce a tilting moment of said U shaped grippers to cause said grippers to clamp said strain member.
10. The combination with a strain member, of U straps engaging opposite faces of said strain member, the legs of said straps extending adjacent the edges of said strain member, a holding member attached to said legs and exerting a force thereon under the tension of the load on said strain member to tilt said straps and cause them to exert a gripping force on said strain member in proportion to the force of the load thereon.
11. The combination with a strain member having a flat bearing face, of a pull member for exerting a load on said strain member, and a tilting gripper for transmitting said load from said pull member to said strain member, said tilting gripper being pivoted to one of said members and having a flat bearing face engaging the bearing surface of said strain member, and means for holding said gripper in cooperative relation with said strain member, the moment exerted by the load on said gripper being opposed by the resistance to pressure offered by said strain member permitting said gripper to yield to lateral expansion and contraction of said strain member under the restraint of the force of the load on said gripper.
12. The combination with a strain member, of a pair of grippers having pivotal engagement with opposite faces of said strain member and having links extending toward each other from said points of pivotal engagement, and a pull member for transmitting a load to said strain member through said grippers, said pull member being attached to adjacent ends of said links and operating under the force of the load for drawing said links inwardly to cause said grippers to clamp said strain member.
on said pull member to draw said grippers inwardly, the gripping faces of said rippers having contact portions which are pressed inwardly against the surfaces of said strain member by the tilting movement of said lever arms.
ARTHUR O. AUSTIN.
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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2441709A (en) * 1948-05-18 Strain insulator
US2613966A (en) * 1949-06-25 1952-10-14 Hubbard & Company Clamp
US2613965A (en) * 1949-06-25 1952-10-14 Hubbard & Company Clamp
US2613964A (en) * 1949-06-25 1952-10-14 Hubbard & Company Clamp
US2613963A (en) * 1949-03-11 1952-10-14 Hubbard & Company Wood clamp

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2441709A (en) * 1948-05-18 Strain insulator
US2613963A (en) * 1949-03-11 1952-10-14 Hubbard & Company Wood clamp
US2613966A (en) * 1949-06-25 1952-10-14 Hubbard & Company Clamp
US2613965A (en) * 1949-06-25 1952-10-14 Hubbard & Company Clamp
US2613964A (en) * 1949-06-25 1952-10-14 Hubbard & Company Clamp

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