US1969651A - Machine with oscillating rolling disks - Google Patents

Description

Aug. 7, 1934.

H. KRETSCHMER MACHINE WITH OSCILLATING ROLLING DISKS Filed March 16. 1932 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 Fig] F 4 H. KRETSCHMER MACHINE WITH OSCILLATING ROLLING DISKS Au 7, m4

Filed March 16. 1932 3 Sheets-Sheet 2- Aug. 7, 1934. H. KRETSCHMER 1,969,651

7 MACHINE WITH OSCILLATING ROLLING DISKS filed March 16. 1952 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 Patented Aug. 1934 MACHINE wrrn' osorusmo aoumo pisxs Heinrich Kretschmer, Berlin-Iankwlts,

Application March 1c, 1932, Serial No. 599,220

In Germany March 28, 1931 1 3 Claims. (CL 103-431) Work producing and work consuming machines and engines are known, in which a disk, a ring or the like is provided with projections which extend substantially radially outwardly or inwardly and which, driven by an eccentric or tion 01' rotation of which are similar to those of the eccentric.

In the known'machines oi. this type the'control or the medium delivered by the machine (liquid, steam or gas) or of the medium producing the energy and fed to the machine was placed in in machine units connected in series axial such parts of the machine which carry out a purely rotary movement, that is no paracyclic movement. In the case 01 high running speeds v the control partstherefor travel at high relative speeds and are consequently subject to heavy wear. 7

According to the invention the'advantage o!- i'ered by the paracyclic movement is utilized, namely the advantage of low speed, also for the control in spite of the high speed of rotation. rmthispurpdsearollingdiskexertsthecontrolby outwardly or inwardly directed proiections or by slots in that by these elements it uncovers or covers control channels, which are provided in the side walls between which the rolling disk According 'tothe inventionit is le to periorm the separate duties of displacement and control by means of a single rolling disk with par-acyclic movement. The projections of the roilingdiskandtherecessesotthecasingthererormaybesoshapedthatthethirddutmnamely 40 the guiding of the rolling disk, is also fulfilled.

Whereas in, simple instances all three time-- vtions, namely displacement; control and guiding can, as above mentioned, be entrusted to a single 'roiiingdishitispossibleaccordingtotheine vention to distribute'these motions to diiierent disks as the conditions may require.

Asaruletherollingdisksaremerelyseparated as regards displacement and control. The guiding may beflected as desired by the piston disk or by the control disk or by. separate elements,

Whereas the control disk regulates the on and discharge of the medium to be delivered to and from the piston disk, the piston disk has only to efiect the displacement and packing.

Both, the piston disk and also the control disk, may according to the invention be further subdivided, that is on one eccentric bushing one or more piston disks and one or more control disks may be mounted.

\The eccentricities oi the individual disks may be mutually displaced through 180 or or any other necessary angle. Thus, for certain instances, a desirable equalization of power can be brought about. The, eccentricities of the individual disks may be otherwise relatively displaced.

It has alsobeen found. that in one machine or thrusts occur, which present difllculties owing to the disk-shape oi These dimculties I! areovercome according to the invention in that boththe admissionandalsothedisclnrgechan nelsaresituatedonbothsidesoftherolling piston, so that the admission takes place on bothsidesoithepistons. Bythissymnntrical pressureloadingofthepistonthcproduction otaxialthrustsispreventediromtheoutset.'

The invention provides further for the arrangementotseveralgroupsofpistondisks (with t eiieet), one group of which 0 being allowed torlm as motor, for example by admissionotsteamandtheothergroupasworking machine, for example as cor or pump.

l loreoventhe toothcdrimotarollingdiskcanbe subdivided into parts working as motor and as 0. P p r -The subdivision of the rolling disks need not beeil'ectedonlybyarrangingsidebysideinaxial directiombutitcanalsobeefiectedinradialdireetion, thatisbyarrangingconcentrlcroller disk groups, without departing from the scope of the, invention.

Severalembodimentsareilllntratedbywayot mile in the accompanying drawings in w HgJ'showsinIongitudinaIsectionapimip of simple construction torsmall-efllciencies, in.

which the control-and piston dish are lmited to form one rolling disk.

Fig. 2 shows an outer elevationot the pump with its electric driving motor and the cablelead. The electric motor and the type of drive are well known.

Fig. 3isacrosssectiononline 3-3 otFig. 1. The pressure slots are situated above the plane no we slots r:

of the picture and are therefore shown in broken Fig. 4 shows a two-stage pump in longitudinal section, the individual stages and the drive '5 being identical to those illustrated in Figs. 1

and 2. I

Fig. 5 shows in longitudinal section a machine of horizontal type, in which two combined rolling disks are employed, but these disks are not connected in series as in Fig. 4 but in parallel.

Fig. 8 is a cross section on hne 6--.6 of Fig. 5.

Fig. 'I is a longitudinal section of a two-stage compressor.

Fig. 8 is a cross section on line 8-8 of Fig. '1.

Fig. 9 shows in longitudinal section a machine for converting pressure. t

Fig. is a section on line 10-10 of Fig. 9 showing in end view the rolling disk with para-1 cyclic motion.

As shown in Fig. 3 the eccentric rotates in the direction of the arrow 1. During the small oscillation which corresponds to the angle 7 the disk- '2 performs a stroke in the direction of the arrow 1. By means of the two packing points 3 and 4 the space at the instant of the movement in question between the circumference of the disk 2 and the inner wall of the stationary disk 5 is divided into two parts. The liquid contained in the lower space, that is below 3-4 in the drawing, is therefore partly displaced whilst fresh liquid is drawn into the space at the top in the drawing. In the example described the stationary wall 5 is of approximately the same thickness as the driven disk 2. 'Above and below the two disks 2 and 5 (Fig. 1). two-further disks 8 and 'l are located which have suction and pressure slots and which are clamped in the manner shown in Fig. 1 together with the stationary disk 5 between thick flanges 8 and 9 of the machine casing. The movable disk 2 has a number of teeth 10,- the shape of which depends merely upon the necessity of packing which will be "hereinafter described. The teeth may be made in many other shapes. They need not he in the moved disk 2. They might just as well be provided on the stationary disk 5 or on a part of the casing. Other solutions can also be imagined. The feature of the invention consists in that the surroundings of the projections 10 ensure a good the correspondingly constructed walls 11 of the counter diskfi.

During the shorhmovement in which the angle 7 is: traversed, the edges 3 and 4' of the stationary andworking disk must contact as tightly as possible so that the liquid enclosed between the working-diskand the-wall cannot flow back but can be pressed in opposition to the conveying pressurethrough the pressure slots. 17, zlilglkwll in dot-dash linesin Fla. 8, in the upper 7. Q 'i 7 At the instant inquestion the tooth edges 12 also slide on the colmteredg'e' 13 'of' the stationary disk in such a manner that a good Riding of the working disk 2 is obtained. J

The flanks 14 and 15'of the teeth serve for controlling the admission and discharge ports. Fig. Sshows that during'the time in which the small angle istravers'edtheadmissionehannels 16 in the lower half of the drawing are closed.

the pressureslots 17 remain-more or less opens-m n; upper half of the drawing the 16 areippen-and' pressure closed.- In other words: the

,the casing having aconnection 27 to the pmpacking in certain positionsin conjunction with period is represented'in the ower-half of Fig. 3 and the suction period inthe'upper half.

The packing procedure at 3 and'4 and the guiding at 12 and-13 travels from tooth to tooth like the suction and pressure procedures. The shapes of the'teeth and of the apertures may be so chosen that neighbouring teeth participate in the packing or guiding. V

The construction of the machine is illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2. 18 is the extended shaft of the motor shown in Fig. 2, which is joumaledin the twobearings 19 and 20. The axial thrust is taken up in known manner, for examplexby a longitudinal bearing in the motor. On theshaft 18 an eccentric 21 is keyed which acts on the working disk.2 through the intermediary of a pressure sleeve 22. The liquid entersthe lower part 24 of the casing from 23 and thence through the admission slots 16 in the. disk '6.

The flange 25 serves for supporting the motor 9| (Fig. 2), which inthe example chosen is assumed to be liquid-proof enclosed.

The liquid conveyed passes through the pressure slots 1'7 of disk '7 into the upper part 26 .of

I sure conduit.

The disk '28 keyed on the shaft is utihsed for the dynamic counterbalancing of the moved machine parts, especially the eccentric In Fig. 4 a two-stage pump is illustrated, the 10 two working disks 2 and 2' of which are driven by the same eccentric. The eccentric for driving the second working disk 2' may be arranged displaced relative to the first eccentric. g

The axial pressureexerted upon the disks and which is' produced by the difference between the admission and conveying pressures may be equalized by connecting in parallel twoworking disks (with lower and upper admission) or by similar measures. In the;case of multistage machines according to he invention diflerent groups of stages may formed for this purpose which have oppositely directed axial forces. These groups may be connected in parallel or in series. It is also posible to make provision in 130 a simple manner for connecting two simple working disks as desired in parallel or in series so that twice the quantity of water'c'an be delivered by the same motor to a. certain height or to twice the height with the same quantity-of water. 125

Fig. 5 shows a pump, in which two rolling disks are connected in parallel.-] Both rolling disks are composite disks, which exert simultaneously a displacing and controlling effect. In the casing 30, 31 composed of several parts, the shaft 32 is 130 iournaled in two ball 83 and 34. A groove '35 serves for accommodating the clutch to the'driving motor which is not shown in the drawing forthe sake of clearness. Two eccentricsiioandil'imadeinonepartwiththeshaft are provided, mutually displaced through-180. These eccentrics act through the intermediary of two balls or roller bearings 38 and '39 on rolling disks 40 and 41- which therefore perform similar movements oscillating in=a circle dis no placed through 180. Fourccncentric rings 42, which are pressed by rubber springs 43. or in some other manner against the rolling disks'40 and 41, eifect like the'known stuiiing boxesthe packing between thepump compartment proper and the 145 compartment 44 which with the .ahn enhere through a known discharge. Cups 45 andMnxedtheoneontheotherinknownmannerprotecttheballorrollerbearings against "W splashed from the pump compartment. 200

rolling disks 40, and 41.

Two eccentric masses 47 and 48 are keyed on the shaft 32 and counterbalance in known manner the eccentrically acting forces of the two The two rolling disks slide tightly betweenthe four. casing walls'which are formed by suitable division of the casing. A plate 49, with counter teeth 50 is pushed into the main portion 30 of the casing. This plate determines the width for the rolling disk 40. An intermediate element 51 traversed by several channels bears against the plate 49 and limits the-right side of the rolling disk '40 and the left side of the rolling disk 41. Then follows as last part to be inserted into the main part 30 of the casing a-second counter disk 52. .This diskis limited by the cover 31 of the casing, which serves for closing the whole pump casing and is connected in known manner to the remaining parts.

The liquid passes into the casing in the direction of the arrow 53. It then immediately divides into three arms. The discharge liquid flows out from the casing in the direction of the arrow 54 and is also divided in three arms. The purpose of this subdivision is the double-sided utilization of both rolling disks with the pressure both of the admission and also of the discharge liquid. Owing to the fact that both pressures act simultaneously on both sides of the two rolling pistons, the production of a unilateral axial force is prevented (as is possible with the simple examples, 1. e. that shown in Fig. 1).

In practice this effect is attained in that both the suction slots 55 and also the pressure slots 56 lie directly opposite one another in the twccasing walls, between which each'of the rolling disks 40 and 41 slides tightly. I

The parts illustrated in Fig. 6 are similar to those described with reference to Figs. 1 ,and 3, only the shapes of the teeth are somewhatdifferent. The shape of the teeth and the mutual displacement of the two'rolling disks not only relative to the eccentricities but also as regards the 'tooth pitch enables the greatest possible equalization of forces and uniformity of delivery.

As show: Fig. 6 the rolling disks 40 and 41 not only 1. rm the control and displacement in the manner, already described but also the guiding, which ensures theunimpeded running along of the eccentric circle for all points of the rolling disk. 7

In Figs. 7 and 8 a two-stage compressor is illustrated. Both stages are accommodated in one single rolling disk. The journalling of the shaft, the construction and journalling of the rolling disk correspond to those of Fig. 5. The compressor operates in the following manner: The air at atmospheric pressure passes, in the direction of the arrow 78 into the annular space 79 and thence, when the piston is in suitable position, through the suction slots 80 into the corresponding working spaces. The suction slots 80 are controlled by the edge 81 on the piston 82. The shape of the teeth 83 is so chosen that the least possibleplay exists between the piston and the casing wall. The packing and guiding are effected by the round pins 84 which are mounted on-corresponding extensions 85 at the teeth 83. After the compression has been completed the control edge 86' of the piston exposes the pressure slot 87. The compressed air passes in the direction of the arrow 83 to the intermediate cooler and thence in the direction of the arrow 89 to the high pressure part of the compressor. As can be seen fromthe drawings the channels belonging to the control edges 81, 86, 95 and 96 are merely milled out portionsintherollingdisk. Thesizeofthediameter of a high pressure piston is determined partly by the prescribed compression ratio. The high pressure piston 90 is rigidly connected to the cas ing 92 by means of screws 91. The inner portion of the low pressure piston 82 therefore has become, so to speak, the paracyclically moved cylinder of the stationary high pressure piston 90.

The control slots for the high pressure part are 93 and 94. The corresponding control edges in the moved part 82 are designated by 95 and 96. The highly compressed air leaves the compressor casing in the direction of the arrow 97.

Contrary to the illustrations in Figs. 7 and 8 l the inflow grooves of the high pressure part may be on the opposite side of the rolling disk to the inflow grooves of the low pressure part. This arrangement enables a good equalization of the axial forces, which are produced during the compression in the low pressure and high pressure part.

Fig. 9 illustrates a machine which serves for considerably increasing or decreasing pressures. Both parts, necessary for changing the pressure, namely the motor and-the pump, are. accommodated in one single toothed rim. It is apparent, that in this arrangement the mounting can be very simple or be omitted.

' Suppose that at a. certain instant the rolling disk 99 be in the position shown in Fig. 15 relative to the counter disk 100. In this position the two packing points 101 and 102 determine the separation of the zone of the working pressure from the remaining zones. On the left of the connecting line 101-102 the working pressure exists, that is the pressure of the working liquid, owing to the fact that the working liquid entering in the direction 'of the arrow 98 having distributed itself in the annular space 103, penetrates into the working chamber 105 through the slots 104. A rotary force therefore acts on the piston in the directionof the arrow 106.

At. the instant under consideration the maximum movement on displacement undoubtedly exists in the space 107, which therefore may. be regarded as high pressure space for the movement phase illustrated. As shown in Fig. 10, the channel 108 in the right hand casing wall according to Fig. 9 is "brought into communication with the high pressure space 107 by the control slot 109, so that therefore the useful high pressure liquid may be continually delivered into the annular space 110 and thence through the connection 111 to the point of consumption. At the same time the working liquid, which has given up its energy to the rolling piston, escapes from the spaces 112 and 113.

As shown in Fig. 8 a connection is established for this purpose between the spaces 112 and 113 on the .one hand and the annular space 115 on the other hand by the control slot 114. The used up working liquid can therefore escape into the open through the connection 116. A journalling proper of'the rolling piston 99 is not necessary .in the present example, as the energy transmission takes place within the rigid rolling piston.

Therefore it is sufliclent in this instance. to assist the usual guiding by the tooth heads by means of two rollers 11'? which are mounted on a common pin 118 and support the rolling piston on the pine 119 or on the ring path 120.

The dividing up of the entire tooth spaces of the rolling disk as described is only to be regarded as an example. The designer can interits and said projections movable over the ports to control now therethrough. I 2. A machine of the character described comprising a casing having internal circumi'erential recesses and side walls with pairs of admission and discharge ports therein respectively associated with a recess, an oscillating rolling piston guided tightly between said side walls and a series oi. radial projections on the piston respectively extending into the recesses to control flow of,

fluid through the ports.

3. A machine of the character described com.- prising a stationary casing having side walls with pairs of admission'and discharge ports therein. an oscillating piston within the casing moving in contact with the walls thereof and a plurality of circumferential radially extending elements on the piston, each associated with a pair of ports for controlling the flow o! fluid through the ports.

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