US1948276A - Process for increasing tensile strength of cellulose and product - Google Patents
Process for increasing tensile strength of cellulose and product Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1948276A US1948276A US535086A US53508631A US1948276A US 1948276 A US1948276 A US 1948276A US 535086 A US535086 A US 535086A US 53508631 A US53508631 A US 53508631A US 1948276 A US1948276 A US 1948276A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- cellulose
- tensile strength
- ultra
- oxycellulose
- product
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 title description 24
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 title description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 15
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 11
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 4
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012612 commercial material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004900 laundering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M10/00—Physical treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, e.g. ultrasonic, corona discharge, irradiation, electric currents, or magnetic fields; Physical treatment combined with treatment with chemical compounds or elements
- D06M10/001—Treatment with visible light, infrared or ultraviolet, X-rays
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S8/00—Bleaching and dyeing; fluid treatment and chemical modification of textiles and fibers
- Y10S8/12—Wave energy treatment of textiles
Definitions
- My invention relates to a process for improvement' in the properties, particularly the tensile strength, of cellulose materials, such as cotton, and to the product resulting from said process.
- My invention consists in subjecting cellulose or textiles of cellulose materials to artificially produced ultra-violet. radiation under controlled conditions effective to render the fibres of cellulose of greater tensile strength thanthey possess without this treatment.
- cellulose is not only not weakened, but materially increased in tensile strength by subjection to, or treatment by, ultra-violet radiation under controlled conditions.
- This increase in the tensile strength properties is accomplished by exposure of the fibres or fabric to intense ultra-violet radiation of proper quantity and quality for a period prior to the detectable formation of oxycellulose. If the treatment is prolonged until oxycellulose is detectable, the process of deterioration sets in and the cellulose fibres are weakened instead of being strengthened.
- the period of exposure has been found to materially increase tensile strength through a range of from eighttenths of a second to four and one-half seconds.
- the period during which oxycellulose does not form, or at least is not detectable may extend as long as fifteen or twenty minutes, depending upon such factors as the texture and number of fibres, the relative surface exposed and the intensity and quality of ultra-violet radiation, but as the length of time of exposure approaches thepoint of formation of detectable oxycellulose, the degree of increase in tensile strength becomes less.
- the maximum increase in tensile strength of the cellulose determines the point at which to stop the treatment.
- cotton fibres which have been given treatment equivalent to that which they would receive as fabric in the usual laundering process, havebeenincreased in tensile strength as much at 21.21% when exposed for a period of eight-tenths of a second to the o5 ultra-violet radiation from a 110-volt quartz mercury arc lamp at six ,inches distance from the material.
- This treatment of cellulose can be applied after the cellulose is prepared into commercial fibres, such as thread or cord, or woven into fabrics, and, because of the. fact that the exposure to ultraviolet is relatively brief, the process does not slow down or otherwise affect the production of commercial material.
- My invention is also applicable, for instance, to the treatment of clothes in process of being laundered in commercial laundries, for the reason that the factors in the process can be arranged to conform to standard laundry practice with respect to the speed at which clothes are handled 0t inany of the steps or stages in the laundry operations.
Description
Patented Feb. 20, 193.4
PROCESS FOR INCREASING TENSILE STRENGTH OF CELLULOSE AND PROD- UCT August J. Pacini, Chicago, Ill., assignor to Milprint Products Corporation, Wis., a corporation of Wisconsin Milwaukee,
No Drawing. Application May 4, 1931 Serial No. 535,086
- 5 Claims.
. My invention relates to a process for improvement' in the properties, particularly the tensile strength, of cellulose materials, such as cotton, and to the product resulting from said process.
My invention consists in subjecting cellulose or textiles of cellulose materials to artificially produced ultra-violet. radiation under controlled conditions effective to render the fibres of cellulose of greater tensile strength thanthey possess without this treatment.
It is commonly accepted that cellulose or textiles of cellulose are-subject to deterioration, usually manifested as a loss in tensile strength, by the action of natural agents such as sunlight, and that the ultra-violet component of sunlight is charged with the greatest disintegrating effect (Johnson Textile Fabrics- -page 309; Journal Society of Dyers and Colourists, Vol. 33, 1917, page 17; and Der Textilterichte 1924, page 745) 2o Ultra-violet radiation is charged with the development or formation of oxycellulose which is a compound similar to that produced by overbleaching and which, by reason of its structureless, brittle or friable properties, is lacking in strength and lose.
In accordance with this invention, however, cellulose is not only not weakened, but materially increased in tensile strength by subjection to, or treatment by, ultra-violet radiation under controlled conditions. This increase in the tensile strength properties is accomplished by exposure of the fibres or fabric to intense ultra-violet radiation of proper quantity and quality for a period prior to the detectable formation of oxycellulose. If the treatment is prolonged until oxycellulose is detectable, the process of deterioration sets in and the cellulose fibres are weakened instead of being strengthened. With a 1'10-volt quartz mercury'vapor lamp, operating at maximum intensity, about"'70 volts, and suspended substantially six inches from the fibres or fabric, the period of exposure has been found to materially increase tensile strength through a range of from eighttenths of a second to four and one-half seconds. The period during which oxycellulose does not form, or at least is not detectable, may extend as long as fifteen or twenty minutes, depending upon such factors as the texture and number of fibres, the relative surface exposed and the intensity and quality of ultra-violet radiation, but as the length of time of exposure approaches thepoint of formation of detectable oxycellulose, the degree of increase in tensile strength becomes less. Therefore, during this period prior to the formahence reduces the tensile strength of the cellution of detectable oxycellulose, the maximum increase in tensile strength of the cellulose determines the point at which to stop the treatment. As an instance of the efiicacy of this method of increasing tensile strength of cellulose, cotton fibres which have been given treatment equivalent to that which they would receive as fabric in the usual laundering process, havebeenincreased in tensile strength as much at 21.21% when exposed for a period of eight-tenths of a second to the o5 ultra-violet radiation from a 110-volt quartz mercury arc lamp at six ,inches distance from the material.
During this period prior to the formation of oxycellulose detectable by thelznown methods i of detection, a change in the cellulose takes place which increases the tensile strength very materially. I do not rest my invention upon any theory as to what the character of the change is, but tests indicate that by virtue of the ultra- 7 violet radiation the alkali soluble component of cellulose, generally designated beta-cellulose, is decreased by conversion into the alpha-cellulose component which has the property of greater tensile strength, and the additional alpha-celluso lose formed by this conversion contributes to the total strength of the fibre.
This treatment of cellulose can be applied after the cellulose is prepared into commercial fibres, such as thread or cord, or woven into fabrics, and, because of the. fact that the exposure to ultraviolet is relatively brief, the process does not slow down or otherwise affect the production of commercial material.
My invention is also applicable, for instance, to the treatment of clothes in process of being laundered in commercial laundries, for the reason that the factors in the process can be arranged to conform to standard laundry practice with respect to the speed at which clothes are handled 0t inany of the steps or stages in the laundry operations.
r I claim:
1. The process of imparting the property of increased tensile strength to cellulose, which consists in subjecting cellulose to the action of artificially produced ultra-violet radiation and controlling the action thereof to prevent the formation of detectable oxycellulose in said cellulose.
2. The process of imparting the property of 105 increased tensile strength to cellulose, which consists in subjecting the cellulose to the action of artificially produced ultra-violet radiation of given volume and intensity for a period of time and no stopping said action prior to the formation of detectable oxycellulose.
3-. The herein described process which consists in strengthening cellulose fibre by exposing the cellulose to the action of ultra-violet radiation of given volume and intensity produced by a mercury vapor arc in quartz at a distance of substantially six inches from said are and controlling the time of exposure to avoid the formation of detectable oxycellulose in said cellulose.
4. The herein described process which consists in strengthening cellulose fibre by exposing the cellulose for a period of time not in excess of fifteen minutes to the action of ultra-violet radiation such as produced by a mercury vapor a second, and of such volume and intensity as I will not form detectable oxycellulose during said period of exposure.
AUGUST J. PACINI.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US535086A US1948276A (en) | 1931-05-04 | 1931-05-04 | Process for increasing tensile strength of cellulose and product |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US535086A US1948276A (en) | 1931-05-04 | 1931-05-04 | Process for increasing tensile strength of cellulose and product |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US1948276A true US1948276A (en) | 1934-02-20 |
Family
ID=24132782
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US535086A Expired - Lifetime US1948276A (en) | 1931-05-04 | 1931-05-04 | Process for increasing tensile strength of cellulose and product |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US1948276A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2448892A (en) * | 1945-01-01 | 1948-09-07 | Eastman Kodak Co | Oxidation of cellulose |
-
1931
- 1931-05-04 US US535086A patent/US1948276A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2448892A (en) * | 1945-01-01 | 1948-09-07 | Eastman Kodak Co | Oxidation of cellulose |
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