US1944780A - Percussion fuse of high sensitivity - Google Patents

Percussion fuse of high sensitivity Download PDF

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Publication number
US1944780A
US1944780A US642443A US64244332A US1944780A US 1944780 A US1944780 A US 1944780A US 642443 A US642443 A US 642443A US 64244332 A US64244332 A US 64244332A US 1944780 A US1944780 A US 1944780A
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United States
Prior art keywords
primer
fuse
cavity
primer holder
holder
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Expired - Lifetime
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US642443A
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English (en)
Inventor
Brandt Edgar William
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Individual
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C15/00—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges
    • F42C15/24—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges wherein the safety or arming action is effected by inertia means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C1/00—Impact fuzes, i.e. fuzes actuated only by ammunition impact
    • F42C1/02—Impact fuzes, i.e. fuzes actuated only by ammunition impact with firing-pin structurally combined with fuze
    • F42C1/08—Impact fuzes, i.e. fuzes actuated only by ammunition impact with firing-pin structurally combined with fuze with delayed action after ignition of fuze or after impact
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C15/00—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges
    • F42C15/20—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges wherein a securing-pin or latch is removed to arm the fuze, e.g. removed from the firing-pin

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a percussion fuse of high sensitivity which is capable of being employed with projectiles of various types, whether discharged from smooth-bore barrels or from rifled barrels.
  • This type of fuse having a primer holder capable of sliding longitudinally in an axial recess which opens, adjacent a firing pin, into an annular space of larger diameter, is remarkable especially in that one or more locking elements located in lateral recesses of the primer holder, are retained by the walls of the cavity in such fashion as to form a safety screen above the primer, these locking elements only being able to escape laterally, for permitting percussion, at the moment when the primer holder penetrates into the annular space of larger diameter.
  • the primer holder is normally held against movement by means of a safety device which is eliminated at the moment of firing.
  • the primer holder is disposed in such manner as to be moved forward by inertia, by reason of the deceleration impressed upon the projectile byair resistance; its movement being, however, pneumatically braked by the air which may only escape gradually from the front toward the rear between the walls of the primer holder and the walls of its cavity.
  • Figure 1 is an axial section of a fuse according to this invention, shown in the state of rest.
  • Figures 2 to 4 are similar views showing, respectively, the positions taken by the parts at the moment of firing, during the safety distance from the mouth of the weapon, and beyond this distance.
  • Figures 5 and 6 show, respectively, the positions of the parts in case of sudden braking or retardation in the barrel and in case of premature impact during the safety distance.
  • Figures 7 and 8 represent, respectively, the fuse at the moment of impact, by simple driving back, and of impact by driving back and inertia.
  • Figure 9 shows a detail in elevation.
  • Figure 10 is a section on line 1010 of Figure 5.
  • Figure 11 is a transverse section on line 1111 of Figure 7.
  • Figures 12 and 13 are analogous views of a modified form showing, respectively, the positions occupied by the parts while at rest and at im- 5 pact.
  • the fuse comprises a body 1, pierced by a drilled or bored hole 2, in which may slide a very light striker or firing pin 3 which is urged forward by a spring 4.
  • This spring is supported at the rear by a flanged washer 5 which surrounds a tubular element 6 that rests on the bottom of the hole 2.
  • the washer 5 assists in guiding the firing pin 3.
  • the forward portion of the element 6 is hollowed internally and provides just below the firing pin 3 an annular space '7 of greater diameter than the rest of its internal bore.
  • the element 6 can slide in the hole 2 in which it is perfectly guided by a ring 8 and by the washer 5.
  • a primer holder 9, enclosing a primer 10, is disposed in the tubular element 6, within which it can slide longitudinally.
  • Locking or distance elements such as the balls 11 are disposed above the primer 10 in perforations 12 provided in the walls of the primer holder, and oppose the' passage of the firing pin 3, while the channels 12 are opposite the small diameter of the bore hole in the element 6.
  • the diameter of balls 13 is preferably greater than the thickness of the wall of the primer holder augmented by the side clearances between the primer holder and the tubular element 6 on one side and the firing pin 3 on the other side.
  • the perforations or channels 12 are preferably obliquely directed to the longitudinal axis of the fuse body as shown in the drawings.
  • this safety device is constituted by a set of balls 13 which are disposed in cavities 14. (Figs. 1 and 9).
  • the balls 13 are normally retained in locking position for the primer holder by a sleeve 16 which is urged forward by a spring 17 bearing rearwards against ring 8.
  • An abutment 18 limits the displacement of the ring toward the front with respect to the element 6.
  • the firing pin 3 and the sleeve 16 are displaced by inertia and compress their respective springs 4 and 1'7; the balls 13 are liberated and escape into the groove 15 (Fig. 2).
  • the spring 4 returns the firing pin into its initial position (Fig. 3) and the sleeve 16, pressed by the spring 17, blocks the balls 13 in the groove 15 and prevents their inward movement.
  • the primer holder moves forward in the tubular element 6 by inertia, and finally comes to occupy the position of Fig. 4.
  • the balls 11, located around the primer holder from point to point, find an annular space of greater diameter than that in the lower portion of the tubular element 6, and can move radially away from the firing pin and permit it free passage toward the primer. From this moment, the fuse is armed.
  • the percussion may be effected either by driving back of the firing pin (Fig. 7), or by forward movement of the primer holder by inertia, or by driving back and inertia (Fig. 8).
  • the primer holder is precipitated with a velocity substantially equal to that of the projectile onto the firing pin which has been abruptly arrested on the target.
  • the balls remain in contact with the primer holder and thus prevent any possible rearward movement of the latter on being encountered by the firing
  • the tubular element 6 and the balls 13 and the sleeve 16 under the effect of the high negative acceleration to which the projectile is subjected then add their mass to that of the primer holder for overcoming the spring 4, and thus permit the primer holder to precipitate itself onto the firing pin.
  • the functioning of the fuse is very sensitive and an obstacle of very slight mass is sufficient to actuate it. This sensitivity is attained on the one hand by reason of the extreme lightness of the firing pin, and on the other hand by the absence of any safety element (pin, diaphragm, etc.) capable of opposing, at the moment of impact, the driving back of the firing pin.
  • the sleeve 16 will maintain, in a positive manner, the balls 13 in safety position in case of a fall of a projectile on its head or nose.
  • the sleeve 16 will simply compress its spring without uncovering the openings for the escape of balls 13, in case of a fall of projectile'on its base; and even if the projectile is dropped from a height sufiicient to permit the sleeve 16 to come, under the effect of shock, to the bottom of its movement, its spring 17 will return it into the locking position before the balls 13 will have time to assume an appreciable displacement in their cavities.
  • the fuse according to this invention is, preferably, combined with a device permitting obtaining, at will, the firing of the detonator either instantaneously or with delay.
  • this device comprises two passages20, 21 (Fig. 1) traversing the base 22 of the fuse and capable of establishing communication between the primer 10 and the detonator 23--
  • a retarding composition 24 In one of these passages (20) is mounted a retarding composition 24 and, in the other, a valve 25 which may be actuated directly from. the exterior.
  • the valve When the valve is in the open position (Fig. 1) the flame from the primer 10 is transmitted directly by passage 21 to the detonator 23 (instantaneous operation); when the valve is in closed position (Fig. 2), the primer first ignites the composition 24 which burns fora certain length of time and thereafter transmits the fire to the detonator (delay operation).
  • Figures 12 and 13 show a modification of construction of the fuse according to this invention.
  • the primer holder 9 slides in a hole 2 of the fuse body itself.
  • the locking sleeve 16 for the ball or balls 13 is mounted within the primer holder and is urged forwardly by its spring 1'7 which bears, at the rear, on a ring 30 fixed to the primer holder.
  • the balls 13 are lodged. in channels 14: of the primer holder,
  • Screws 31 or analogous elements are mounted in perforations of the fuse body and permit placing the balls 13, during assembly, in
  • a cup 33 rests on a shoulder 34 of the fuse body and serves as a rearward support for the spring 4 of the firing pin and can itself slide forwardly in the fuse body 1.
  • a direct-action percussion fuse comprising a body having an axially directed elongated cavity, said cavity opening out adjacent its forward end into an enlarged space, a striker adapted to be pushed backward through and beyond said enlarged space into said cavity by an obstacle, a primer, 2.
  • primer holder movable axially in the cavity, a releasable safety device for locking said primer holder adjacent the backward end of the cavity, distance elements carried by the primer holder and retained by the wall of the cavity in an inward position where they screen the primer against impact of the striker, the primer holder being free after firing to creep forward in the cavity by inertia when the projectile is being retarded air resistance and thus reach the enlarged space into which the distance elements can escape outwardly for unscreening the primer thus arming the fuse.
  • a direct-action percussion fuse comprising a body having an axially directed elongated cavity, said cavity opening out adjacent its for ward end into an enlarged space, a striker adapted to be pushed backward through and beyond said enlarged space into said cavity by an obstacle, a primer, a primer holder closely fitting and movable axially in the cavity, a releasable safety device for locking said primer holder adjacent the backward end of the cavity, distance elements carried by the primer holder and retained by the wall of the cavity in an inward position where they screen the primer against impact of the striker, the primer holder being free after firing to creep forward in the cavity by inertia when the projectile is being retarded by air resistance and thus reach the enlarged space into which the distance elements can escape outwardly for unscreening the primer thus arming the fuse, the clearance between the primer holder and the wall of the cavity being such that the air in the cavity can flow but gradually towards the rear end of the primer holder whereby to brake its forward movement.
  • a direct-action percussion fuse comprising a body having an axially directed elongated cavity, said cavity opening out adjacent its forward end into an enlarged space, a striker adapted to be pushed backward through and beyond said enlarged space into said cavity by an obstacle, a primer, a primer holder movable axially in the cavity, a releasable safety device for locking said primer holder adjacent the backward end of said cavity, distance balls lodged in holes of the primer holder and retained by the wall of the cavity in an inward position where they screen the primer against impact of the striker, the primer holder being free after firing to creep forward in the cavity by inertia when the projectile is being retarded by air resistance and thus reach the enlarged space into which the distance balls can escape outwardly for unscreening the primer thus arming the fuse.
  • a direct-action percussion fuse comprising a body having an axially directed elongated cavity, said cavity opening out adjacent its forward end into an enlarged space, a striker adapted to be pushed backward through and beyond said enlarged space into said cavity by an obstacle, a primer, a primer holder movable in the cavity, a releasable safety device for locking said primer holder adjacent the backward end of said cavity, distance balls lodged in holes of the primer holder, said holes being obliquely directed forwardly and outwardly with respect to the'lon'gitudinal axis of the fuse body, said balls being retamed by the wall of the cavity in an inward position where they screen the primer against impact of the striker, the primer holder being free after firing to creep forward in the cavity'by inertia when the projectile is being retarded by air resistance and thus reach the enlarged space into which the distance balls can escape outwardly for unscrecning the primer thus arming the fuse.
  • a direct-action percussion fuse comprising a body having an axially directed elongated cavity, said cavity opening out adjacent its forward end into an enlarged space, a striker adapted to be pushed backward through and beyondsai'd enlarged space into said cavity by an obstacle, a primer, a primer holder movable axially in the cavity, said primer holder having a tubular forward part, a releasable safety device for locking said primer holder adjacent the backward end of the cavity, distance balls lodged in holes of the primer holder, the diameter of said balls being greater than the thickness of the tubular part of the primer holder augmented by the clearances between the primer holder and the cavity, on one side and the striker on the other side, said balls being retained by the wall of the cavity in an inward position where they screen the primer against impact of the striker, the primer holder being free after firing to creep forward in the cavity by inertia when the projectile is being retarded by air resistance and thus reach the enlarged space into which the distance balls
  • a direct-action percussion fuse comprising a fixed structure having an axially directed elongated passage, a tube movable axially in the passage and having an axial cavity which is narrow toward the rearward end and has an enlargement adjacent the forward end, a spring constraining said tube in the opposite direction to the direction of travel of said projectile, a striker adapted to be pushed backward through and beyond said enlargement into the narrow portion of said tube by an obstacle, a primer, a primer holder movable axially in the tube, a releasable safety device for locking said primer holder adjacent the backward end of the tube, distance elements carried by the primer holder and retained by the wall of the tube in an inward position where they screen the primer against impact of the striker, the primer holder being free after firing to creep forward in the tube by inertia when the projectile is being retarded by air resistance and thus reach the enlarged space into which the distance elements can escape outwardly for unscreening the primer thus arming the fuse, the tube being
  • a direct-action percussion fuse comprising a fixed structure having an axially directed elongated passage, a tube movable axially in the passage and having an axial cavity which is narrow toward the rearward end and has an enlargement adjacent the forward end, a striker adapted to be pushed backward through and beyond said enlargement into the narrow portion of said tube by an obstacle, a spring interposed between said tube and said striker, a primer, a primer holder movable in the tube, a releasable safety device for locking said primer holder adjacent the backward end of the tube, distance elements carried by the primer holder and retained by the wall of the tube in an inward position where they screen the primer against impact of the striker, the primer holder being free after firing to creep forward in the tube by inertia when the projectile is being retarded by air resistance and thus reach the enlarged space into which the distance elements can escape outwardly for unscreening the primer thus arming the fuse, the tube being free after firing to move forward against the
  • a direct-action percussion fuse comprising a fixed structure having an axially directed elongated passage, a tube movable axially in the passage and having an axial cavity which is narrow toward the rearward end and has an enlargement adjacent the forward end, a spring constraining said tube in the opposite direction to the direction of travel of said projectile, a striker adapted to be pushed backward through and beyond said enlargement into the narrow portion of said tube by an obstacle, a primer, a primer holder movable axially in the tube, said tube having a perforation in its wall and a peripheral groove communicating with said perforation, and a ball located in said perforation and extending into the path of the primer holder while in safety position adjacent the backward end of the tube, a sleeve surrounding said tube, a setting spring constraining said sleeve forwardly for holding the ball in safety position, said sleeve being yieldable at firing to permit the escape of said ball into said groove whereby the primer holder is freed for movement

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)
  • Percussive Tools And Related Accessories (AREA)
US642443A 1931-11-30 1932-11-12 Percussion fuse of high sensitivity Expired - Lifetime US1944780A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR165535X 1931-11-30

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Publication Number Publication Date
US1944780A true US1944780A (en) 1934-01-23

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US642443A Expired - Lifetime US1944780A (en) 1931-11-30 1932-11-12 Percussion fuse of high sensitivity

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US (1) US1944780A (US07541385-20090602-C00001.png)
CH (1) CH165535A (US07541385-20090602-C00001.png)
DE (1) DE568739C (US07541385-20090602-C00001.png)
FR (1) FR742118A (US07541385-20090602-C00001.png)
GB (1) GB398052A (US07541385-20090602-C00001.png)
NL (1) NL32380C (US07541385-20090602-C00001.png)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2601827A (en) * 1946-12-07 1952-07-01 Fur Die Entwieklung Von Erfind Fuse
US2737888A (en) * 1952-01-25 1956-03-13 Energa Projectile equipped with a safety device
US2845866A (en) * 1953-12-24 1958-08-05 Brandt Soc Nouv Ets Fuse for a projectile and applications thereof
US2938463A (en) * 1957-02-26 1960-05-31 Hotchkiss Brandt Soc Percussion fuze
US2977882A (en) * 1956-04-05 1961-04-04 Brandt Soc Nouv Ets Projectile fuze
US3402666A (en) * 1967-06-28 1968-09-24 Navy Usa Arming and firing mechanism
US3782289A (en) * 1971-12-15 1974-01-01 O Bruno Delaying arm fuze principle
US4316414A (en) * 1979-11-09 1982-02-23 Dayron Corporation Fuze

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
LU31686A1 (US07541385-20090602-C00001.png) * 1952-09-15

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2601827A (en) * 1946-12-07 1952-07-01 Fur Die Entwieklung Von Erfind Fuse
US2737888A (en) * 1952-01-25 1956-03-13 Energa Projectile equipped with a safety device
US2845866A (en) * 1953-12-24 1958-08-05 Brandt Soc Nouv Ets Fuse for a projectile and applications thereof
US2977882A (en) * 1956-04-05 1961-04-04 Brandt Soc Nouv Ets Projectile fuze
US2938463A (en) * 1957-02-26 1960-05-31 Hotchkiss Brandt Soc Percussion fuze
US3402666A (en) * 1967-06-28 1968-09-24 Navy Usa Arming and firing mechanism
US3782289A (en) * 1971-12-15 1974-01-01 O Bruno Delaying arm fuze principle
US4316414A (en) * 1979-11-09 1982-02-23 Dayron Corporation Fuze

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Publication number Publication date
DE568739C (de) 1933-01-25
NL32380C (US07541385-20090602-C00001.png)
GB398052A (en) 1933-09-07
CH165535A (fr) 1933-11-30
FR742118A (US07541385-20090602-C00001.png) 1933-02-28

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