US1944478A - Boiler - Google Patents

Description

Jan. 23, 1934. E. TUCKERMANN 1,944,478

BOILER Filed Feb. 14, 1933 2 Sheets-Sheet l Jan. 23, 1934. E. TUCKERMANN 1,944,478

BOILER Filed Feb. 14, 1933 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 atentecl` Jan. 23, 1934 srrss BILER Ernst Tuclrermann, Esbo, Finland, assigner to H. W. Guettler, President of Fibre Making `Processes lne., Chicago, Ill.

Application February 1li, 1933,l Serial No. 656,673, and in Finland January 29, 1932 4 Claims.

5 quickly and is capable of developing exceptionally high output to meet sudden demands. More speciiically, an object of my invention is to provide a boiler comprising Water tubes which are inclined upward at a sharp angle and enclose the combustion space of the furnace so as to be eX'- posed directly to the radiant heat from the re as well as to the hot products of combustion. A further object is to provide means for injecting water into the respective tubes, at the lower portion thereof, and for atomizing the injected water so that the resultant small particles of water are quickly converted into steam by heat derived from the tubes. Further objects and advantages of my invention will appear from the detail description.

In the drawings- Figure 1 is a semi-diagrammatic transverse vertical sectional view through a boiler embodying niy invention, parts being broken away and parts being shown in elevation;

Figure 2 is a view similar to Figure 1, but illustrating a modified form of the invention; and

Figure 3 is a vertical sectional View through one of the water tubes and associated parts or the boiler shown in Figure 2, on an enlarged scale,V

parts being shown in elevation.

The boiler illustrated in Figure 1 comprises two upper drums F, lower drum C below and mid-way between and in direct communication with drums F, inclined rtubes B opening at their upper ends into the lower portions of the respective drums F, and atomizing injectors D mounted in the lower ends of tubes B.

The tubes B are disposed at opposite sides of a suitable grate R and extend upward and inward over the grate, these tubes and the drum C substantially enclosing combustion space E of the furnace, suitable refractory being disposed between tubes B and drum C as shown.

A pump P of known type, conveniently driven by an electric motor M, has its intake connected to the lower portion of drum C, and its discharge connected to the lower end of the respective injectors D. Water is supplied to drum C from a pre-heater, in a known manner, the normal water level in this drum being that shown. The water delivered under pressure to the respective injectors D is discharged from the latter into tube B through a plurality of openings in the injectors, as indicated by the arrows. Conveniently, these openings may be arranged to impart a whirling motion to the water within the tube B, and baile members b are preferably provided between the tube and the injector, these members being ar.- ranged to assure an approximately spiral path of travel of the Water Within tube B, as indicated. This assures that the water is brought into'intimate contact with the tube wall so as to absorb heat'from the latter with great rapidity, which contributes to maximum heat transfer. Since the tubes B extend inward over the combustion 6 space E, and are directlyexposed to the radiant heat of the re as Well as to the hot products of combustion, extremely rapid steaming and high efliciency are obtained.

The steam generated within tubes B flows into drums F, from which it may be Withdrawn as required. If desired, the steam withdrawn from drums F may be passed through a super-heater of known type (not shown) in a known manner, as Will be readily understood by those familiar with this art.

In the modified form of Figure 2, I provide a moving grate R', and tubes B open into the lower portion of a single steam drum F which commu` memes with the top of drum ovthrough a valve Gf, which valve is normally closed. Water is supplied to drum C in a known manner, preferably from a pre-heater of known type,the normal water level in this drum being that shown. Drum C is exposed to the combustion space so that the water Within this druml is heated by the radiantVV heat from the re, and by the hot products of combustion, to proper temperature for generating steam.

A fitting A is provided at the upper end of each of the tubes 4B and contains a flap Valve a (Figure 3) effective for closing the upper end of the tube and preventing back pressure therein due to accumulation of steam within drum F. This valve normally occupies the dotted line position of Figure 3.

In Figure 2 I have shown two different forms of injectors, either of which may be used, as desired. A tting I is suitably secured to the lower end of the righthand tube B of thisgure and is provided, adjacent its lower end, with a nipple N (Figure 3) which communicates with the fitting through an opening controlled by a flap valve K normally held in open position shown in dotted lines, in any suitable manner. Nipple N is connected by a valve controlled pipe L to the lower,l portion of drum C. vA dished ring member S is slidably mounted on the lower end of injector Y nozzle D, which is slotted as shown, and closes the space between the nozzle and the surrounding 110 wall of the fitting. Member S may be adjusted by means of a rod r suitably attached thereto and passing through a suitable stuing box in the lower end oi' the tting. In its full line position oi' Figure 3, member S is above the opening from nipple N into the fitting, and in its dotted line position it is below this opening, as clearly shown in Figure 3. The steam space of drum C is connected by a valve controlled pipe H to an enlargement i of fitting I, which enlargement is disposed above and adjacent the uppermost position of member S, and opens into a Venturi element V of the tting. Since steam is continuously drawn from drum F, in the use of the boiler, the pressure in drum C is normally higher than that in drum F. By properly adjusting the valves in pipes I-I and L, the rate of flow of `water and steam from drum C to fitting I can be regulated as required, and the desired diierence in pressure between drums F and C can be maintained. The disposition of drum C relative to drum F and the combustion space E, contributes tokmaintaining the desired higher pressure Within drum C.

With member S in its uppermost position, water is admitted from drum C into the lower portion of injector nozzle D. This water is withdrawn from the nozzle and is effectively broken up and atomized, by the steam flowing at high velocity through the venturi and about the nozzle, and the mixture of steam and water has a whirling motion imparted thereto in the manner previously described. In this manner the water is separated into small particles which are forced into intimate contact with the hot tube wall so as to be quickly converted into steam with-a flash action. This prevents objectionable dryness of the tube B While assuring maximum heat absorption with resulting rapid generation of steam.

By regulating the flow of steam and water to the tting I, the rate of generation of steam can be varied Within wide limits. If desired, the ow of steam from drum C to selected tubes B can be cut off thus materially reducing the generation of steam, in which case these tubes will be maintained filled with water from drum C so as to avoid any danger of burning out of such tubes. In Figure 2 I have shown one pipe H connecting the steam space of drum C to enlargement i of tting I, and in Figure 3 I have shown two such pipes. It will be understood that the connections from drum .G to the tting I may be varied as required, and that suitable valves are provided, as shown, QI regulating the flow of the steam and the Water as conditions may require.

, Referring now to the tube B at the left side of Figure 2, a fitting O of bulbous shape is suitably secured to the lower end of this tube. An injector nozzle D extends upward through fitting O and through a Venturi V in the lower end of the tube. This nozzle D is open at its upper end and is comected, at its lower end, to the lower portion gf drum C by pipe L. Fitting O is connected by pipe l-I to the steam space of drum C, and the opening of nozzle D is preferably so formed as to impart whirling motion to the waterdischarged therefrom- The steam iiows at high velocity from the venturi and about the nozzle, and acts to withdraw the water from the nozzle and to atomize it so that the small particles of water are quickly converted into steam by contact with the hot tube wall.

I claim:

1. In combination in a boiler, an upper drum structure, tubes communicating at their upper end with said structure and extending downward therefrom at opposite sides thereof, a steam and water drum extending between the tubes at the upper portions thereof and below said drum structure, said drum and said tubes defining a combustion space, injector nozzles extending into the lower ends of the tubes, and means for delivering water under pressure from said steam and water drum to said nozzles.

2. In combination in a boiler, an upper drum structure, tubes communicating at their upper ends with said structure and extending downward therefrom at opposite sides thereof, a steam and water drum extending between the tubes at the upper portions thereof and below said drum structure, said drum and said tubes defining a combustion space, injector nozzles extending into the lower ends of the tubes, and a pump having its intake connected to the water space of the steam and water drum and its discharge connected to said nozzles.

3. In combination in a boiler, an upper drum structure, tubes communicating at their upper ends with said structure and extending downward therefrom at opposite sides thereof, a steam and water drum extending between the tubes at the upper portions thereof and below said drum structure, said drum being out of direct Vcommunication with said upper drum structure and defining with the tubes a combustion space, vfittings at the lower ends of the tubes, injector nozzles extending from the fittings into the lower ends of said tubes, connections between said nozzles and the water space of said steam and Water drum, and means for admitting steam from the steam and water drum into the tubes and about the nozzles.

4. In combination in a boiler, an upper drum structure, tubes communicating at their upper ends with said structure and extending downward therefrom at opposite sides thereof, a steam and water drum extending between the tubes at the upper portions thereof and below said drum structure, said drum being out of direct communication with said upper drum structure and defining with the tubes a combustion space, fittings at the lower ends of the tubes, said fittings being provided with venturis, injector nozzles extending from the fittings andV through the venturis into said tubes, water connections between said nozzles and the water space of the steam and wa- ERNST TUCKERMANN.

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