US1930231A - Process and apparatus for cracking petroleum oil - Google Patents

Description

G. EGLOFF Oct. 10, 1933.

PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR CRACKING PETROLEUM OIL Original Filed Oct. 17 1923 W 4 H man A i, w fA u W W 4 CQ\ IW. V n. m W Y mi 1 m\ A@ .......M m, bmw www \Y\hm.m.fw\mnu \\1\ l OQAWU. @.1 Q

la? M655:

Patented Oct. 10,1933

UNrrso STATES PROCESS AND APPARATUS .FOR CRACKING PETROLEUM OIL Gustav Egloi, Chicago, Ill., assigner to Universal Oil Products Company, Chicago, Ill., a corporation of South Dakota Application October 17,

1923, Serial N0. 668,979

Renewed March 17, 1932 3 Claims.

This invention relates to improvements in process and apparatus of cracking petroleum oil, and refers more particularly to a novel method of cracking at different temperatures different con-V stituents of the oil. It is well known that reflux condensate, i. e. already cracked oil, necessitates more severe conditions of cracking when it is recracked than does the original charging stock. The object of the present invention is to accomplish this in an effective manner.

The invention will be understood from the following description, reference being had to the accompanying drawing, in which the single figure represents a somewhat diagrammatic view partly in side elevation and partly invertical section of an improved and novel apparatus.

Re crring to the drawing (l) designates the furnace having baffle wall (2) below which is mou heating coil (3). Above the wall (2) is mounted a still of a shell like type (4) to which is connected the coil (3) by means of pipe (5), having throttle valve (6). The shell 4 is provided with a residue drawoff pipe (7) having throttle valve (8) To the upper end of the shell is connected a vapor pipe (9) having throttle valve (10) which communicates with the lower end of the dephlegmator (11) having superimposed baffles (l2) Vapors pass out of the top of the dephlegmator through pipe (13) having throttle valve (14) to condenser coil (15) and thence tovreceiver (16), which receiver (16) has pressure control valve (17) and liquid drawoif control valve (18). The reflux condensate is drawn off from the K bottom of the dephlegmator through pipe (19) and thence forced by reflux pump (20) into the inlet of the heating coil (3). If desired, the pump may be bypassed through pipe (21) by suitably controlling the valves (22) and (23) in pipe (21) and the valves (24) and (25) von either side of the pump.

The raw charging stock is fed by a pump (26) from any suitable source of supply through pipe (27) to the perforated pipe (28) extending into the shell and having the horizontally extending perforated branches (29) and (30)-the former lying in the vapor space of the shell and the latter along the lower side in the liquid part of the shell. Both the pipes (29) and (30) are perforated at the bottom so as to supply the oil downwardly. y

In operating the process the oil initially enters the shell (4) where it is subjected to cracking conditions of temperature and pressure, as for example, 100 pounds or more pressure and heated to an oil temperature of 850 F. more or less. The generated vapors pass into the dephlegmator Where the heavier portions are condensed and returned as reflux condensate to the coil (3). Here the reflux condensate oil subjected to the same Y pressure as in the shell may be heated to a temperature of say 925 F. or more. Also, if desired the reflux condensate may be subjected to a higher pressure than the oil in the still, which Will be accomplished by using the reiiux pump (20) and suitably controlling the valve (6) The idea of ,the invention it will be seen is to subject the reflux lcondensate from the dephlegmator to more severe conditions of cracking than is necessary to subject the raw oil.

I claim as my invention:

1. In an apparatus for continuous cracking of hydrocarbon oil the combination of a furnace and a heating coil mounted therein, a shell mounted above the furnace, means for continuously introducing raw oil into the shell; said means includ-.

ing means for discharging a portion of the raw oil into the vapor space in said shell and a second portion into the oil body in said shell below the surface thereof; means for taking off vapors from the shell and subjecting them to reflux condensing action; means for passing refiux condensate only through said coil and means for regulating'the pressure on the oil in the coil independently of the pressure on the oil in the shell.

2. A process of cracking petroleum oil consisting in passing the oil in the form of a spray'into a shell; a portion of the oil being injected into the liquid oil body in said shell and the remaining portion into the vapors in the shell, removing the generated vapors from the shell and subjecting them to a reux condensing action; passing the reflux condensate through a heating coil located in a furnace and subjecting such reflux condensate to higher temperature and pressure than that to which the oil in the shell is subjected.

3. A continuous process for cracking hydrocarbon oil, consisting in maintaining a body of oil under cracking conditions of temperature and pressure in an enlarged zone, in passing vapors evolved from said body of oil to a dephlegmator, wherein the insuiiiciently cracked fractions are condensed, forming reflux condensate, in passing such reflux condensate, free from additional oil, through a heating zone, wherein it is raised to a cracking heat, in delivering such heated reflux condensate into the body of oil in said enlarged zone, in continuously admitting charging oil directly into said enlarged reaction zone, to be heated by the reflux condensate introduced thereto, discharging a portion of said charging oil into the vapor space above said body of oil and another portion of said charging oil into said body of liquid oil below the surface thereof and in maintaining a regulated superatmospheric pressure on the oil undergoing conversion in the y process.

GUSTAV EGLOFF.

Images