US1928355A

US1928355A - Nonshrinkable textile material

Info

Publication number: US1928355A
Authority: US
Inventors: Haertel Hans Richard
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1931-01-15
Filing date: 1931-01-15
Publication date: 1933-09-26
Anticipated expiration: 1950-09-26

Description

H. R. HAERTEL 1,928,355 NONSHRINKABLE TEXTILE MATERIAL Sept. 26, 1933.

Filed Jan. 15, 1931 Inven77or: Hans 11/. Hwez'iel. 5 A31. r

Patented Sept. 26, 1933 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 3 Claims.

My invention relates to flexible textile material resistant to water shrinking, and to methods of making the same, adapted for use, for example, in connection with automobile tops and for other purposes where it is subjected to alternate wetting and drying.

The invention will be best understood from the following description when read in the light of the accompanying drawing of one embodiment of material according to the invention and of one example of the practice of a method of making the material, while the scope of the invention will.

be more particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

In the drawing:-

Fig. l is a plan of an idealized much magnified fragment of the material with parts broken away; and

Fig. 2 is a section on the line 22 of Fig. 1.

As illustrated, the material comprises outer textile sheets 1 and 3 united by a thin, flexible layer comprising a middle textile sheet 5 embedded in rubber compound so as to face said middle sheet with layers of compound 7 and 9 uniting the outer textile sheets to said middle textile sheet. As illustrated, the threads of the two outer sheets, particularly the warp threads 11, are deeply embedded in the compound, but without the compound extending through the meshes 13 defined by adjacent warp threads and weft threads 15. As illustrated, the rubber compound at opposite sides of the middle sheet 5 bears the same rela-' tion to the threads of said middle sheet, but if desired, and preferably in some cases, 'the compound may extend entirely through the meshes of said middle sheet.

It will be observed that the textile sheets-at opposite sides of the material after being incorporated therein have their original appearance and feel" without any alteration in these properties due to the rubber extending through the meshes. It will also be observed that the 5 middle sheet is entirely waterproofed by the 45 rubber compound, in consequence of which wetting of one or both of the outer sheets will not be effective to wet the inner textile sheet, with the result that only the outer sheets are subjected to water shrinking.

It has been found that if rubber compound is applied to the sheets by the usual "calendering or spreader process, or if the usual rubber compound for uniting textiles is employed, the material is subject to water shrinking. This is believed to be due to the-low tensile strength of the usual rubber compound, and to the fact that when sheets are not materially embedded in the compound, with the result that when the outer sheets are subjected to water shrinking, the middle sheet will be compressed in the plane of said sheet, and minute slippage will occur between the outer sheets and the rubber compound at a multitude of points, as will likewise occur minute shearing of the rubber compound at said points, with the total effect that the material will water shrink and be much distorted.

The improved product is characterized by the use of rubber compound of high tensile strength in which the threads of the outer sheets, particularly the warp threads, are deeply embedded, thus preventing shearing of the rubber and slippage of the outer sheetsrelative to the rubber, while this rubber compound of high tensile strength fills the meshes of the middle sheet to such an extent as to render said middle sheet substantially incompressible in the plane of said sheet. It will therefore be observed that the two outer sheets are united by a strongly adhering, incompressible layer of material. In this aspect the middle sheet constitutes fibrous material contained in the rubber compound for making the layer uniting the outer sheets incompressible.

As a practical example of a method of making the material, but without limitation thereto, the outer sheet 1 may be coated with a layer of rubber by use of hot calender rolls in the usual manner, except that the pressure between the rolls is much greater than that ordinarily employed and is sufficient with respect to the consistency of the hot rubber compound to force the latter slightly less than half way through the textile. One side of the middle sheet 5 may be likewise calendered, after which the sheets 1 and 5 may be doubled, which is to say, they may be placed with their rubberized sides in contact and united by passing them between rolls. The united sheets 1 and 5 may then be passed through the calender roll and a layer of rubber compound applied to the exposed side of the sheet 5, which, if desired, may entirely fill the remaining portions of the meshes of the textile, it being observed that the layer of rubber 7 at that time between the sheets 1 and 5 is cooled and is relatively hard and therefore is not forced farther into said sheets, while the rubber being applied to the exposed side of the sheet is hot and therefore relatively soft. A layer of rubber may now be applied to one side of the sheet 3 in the same manner as above described in no connection with the sheet 1, after which the doubled sheets 1 and 5 may be doubled with the sheet 3. The material may then be cured.

As an example of the textile, but without limitation thereto, satisfactory results have been secured with teal cloth of plain weave weighing 12.4 lbs. per square yard with 52 two-ply yarn warp threads per inch and 38 single-ply yarn weft threads per inch, this material being a common material for use in connection with automobile tops. v

The rubber compound may be given a high tensile strength in any suitable manner known to those skilled in the art. Conveniently this may be done by use of a large percentage and volume of rubber, the large volume of rubber secured by use of relatively heavy fillers such as barium sulphate, lithopone, etc., instead of the much lighter whiting more commonly employed. Also to avoid sticking of the compound to the calender rolls, due to the presence of a high percentage of rubber, conveniently the compound may contain a small percentage of wax, such as Montan wax, and conveniently to give the rubber a wide variation in softness when it is hot compared to when it is cold the compound may contain small percentages of resins such as ester gum, cumarone resin, indene resin, etc. With theabove cloth satisfactory results have been secured by applying 7 ounces per square yard at each of the above described calendering operations of rubber compound having the following constituents:-

Pounds Pure rubber milled with accelerator and anti-oxidant 10 Pure rubber 30 Reclaimed rubber 40 Montan wax 2.8 Zinc oxide (activator) 6 Lithopone (mixture of zinc sulphide and barium sulphate constituting an opaque heavy filler) 10 Barium sulphate (heavy filler) 26 Whiting 15 Zinc stearate 1 Magnesium oxide (acid neutralizer) .5 Sulphur (vulcanizing agent) .94

Cumar (mixture of cumarone and indene resins) 2 It will be realized that a non-shrinkable material, such as herein described, for economic considerations is highly desirable from the aspect of both the manufacturer and user. It will be understood that it is unnecessary to shrink the improved material after curing to render it resistant to water shrinking, and that therefore an appreciable economic saving is effected, for if it were necessary to shrink the material, and this shrinkage were say 5 which is not excessive in respect to prior products, a loss to the manufacturer of 5 yards per hundred yards of material would occur, which ordinarily would represent a loss of from five to ten dollars per hundred yards of material. From these considerations it therefore will be observed that with a mill producing say 2000 yards of material daily, the improved product in respect to shrinkage will effect a saving of from five hundred to one thousand dollars daily.

From the aspect of the user, say an automobile manufacturer, the improved material has the advantage that, when employed, no allowance need be made for water shrinking, this allowance resulting in an unsightly appearance of the automobile top, whereas if allowance for water shrinking is not made, the latter when it occurs will cause distortion of the top, and, in extreme cases, breakage of the bows of the top framework.

It will be understood that except as defined by the appended claims the invention is not limited to the use of any particular textile or particular ingredient of the rubber compound, and that wide deviations may be made from the product, and method of making it, herein described without departing from the spirit of the invention.

I claim:

1. Flexible material comprising two exposed textile sheets which are characterized by the property of water shrinking and are joined by a strongly adhering, interposed layer comprising rubber compound and fibrous material, the latter rendering said layer substantially incompressible in the plane of said layer for resisting water shrinking of said sheets.

2. Flexible material comprising two exposed textile sheets which are characterized by the property of water shrinking and are joined by a strongly adhering, interposed layer which inherently is substantially incompressible in the plane thereof, said layer comprising a textile sheet treated with layers of rubber compound of high tensile strength, in which compound the threads of said exposed sheets are embedded without said compound extending through the meshes thereof.

3. Flexible material resisting water shrinking comprising three closely adjacent textile sheets which are characterized by the property of water shrinking, the outer sheets being joined to the middle sheet by interposed, strongly adhering, relatively thin layers of rubber compound of high tensile strength, said compound sufliciently filling the meshes of said middle sheet to render is substantially incompressible in the plane of said sheet, the threads of said outer sheets being embedded in said compound without the latter ex tending through the meshes thereof.

HANS RICHARD HAERTEL.