US1919521A - Marine boiler - Google Patents

Description

G. LASKER MARINE BOILER July 25, 1933.

Filed May 29, 1951 4 Sheets-Sheet l My PM a m 8 m 6, n 4 m n 1 L 4 a Q 6 a, 6 @QQQQQQQ a L 7 w m M a 2 W .0 u M M L 4 a 6 q 5 w 1 3 6 4 n a "Hf vi L a i? 4 a G. LASKER MARINE BOILER July 25, 1933.

Filed May 29, 1931 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 J 6 7 y m 6 July 25, 1933. G, LASKER' 1,919,521

MARINE BOILER Filed May 29, 1931 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 77067? for":

G. LASKER MARINE BOILER July '25, 1933.

Filed May 29, 1931 i 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 67770612227 0630796 Lasfier M 7 W I 0 5 Mess Patented July 25, 1933.

UNITED em TES designed to carry rapidly changing loads or power TGQIHI-GIIIGIlt-S. 'The' invention contem- 5 plates improvements in Iboiler construction of thegeneral type described in my co-p'ending applications, Serial No. 470,359, filed July 24, 1930,:1nd'Seria'l No. 70,609, ifiled July '25, 1930, wherein the construction :provides for ma-intaining a substantially constant water level at a predetermined ie'levation above the boiler proper.

Ail-object generally o f the inventionisthe provision of anfiinprove'd'boiler construction comprising a novel arrangement of drums and connecting tubes, adapting *the same for use as a 'marine "boiler or for use on other moving objects regardless of the amount of lurching, pitching or-plunging of the obj ect on which the boiler may be mounted whereby the water line is maintained at a substantially permanent elevation above the boiler for all ofthe varied positions of the vessel 25 or other moving-object upon which the boiler is mounted and thequan'tity of steam generated remains unaffected by the listing of the beater object. o

Another object ofthe invention is the pro- 30 vision of anovel boiler construction comprising drums interconnected by tubes, wherein one of .the drums extends vertically a su'bstantial distance above the main boiler portion .and is so connected to the boiler at the 35 top and bottom that rapid circulation 'of-the boiler contents automatically results.

A ,cfunther object of thevinvention is the provision of a storage drum'or cylinder so positioned as to provide .aconstant pressure 4L0 head :in all portions oiithe boiler and which boiler "is @designed.

.A still further object of the invention is the provision inboiler construction:eta-drum of novel construction and arrangement adapting it for iuse asrfaareceiver, separator,

steam and Water storage, and also as a means P ATE-NT emes nor-Liza 193 1. 'Serial No. "540,963.

forsseparating and removing impuritiesfboth heavier and lighter than water Still another object is the. provision of novel :mean's for separating water and steam and for separating impurities therefrom.

Astill further objectiis the provision of a novel furnace and boiler construction which permitsitheamaxiimum 'p o-ssible amount of water coolingvtinaccordance with the furnace volume wherein all parts of the-cooling surfacessare "constantly supplied with waterand thereby prevents the possibility "of overheatmgzairy :portion'of :the boiler. I

Still another objectoftheinvention is the provision of novel means for. separatingartiolesrboth lighter and heavier than water from the lboiler contents.

Among further objeotsof the invention is the, provision of a boiler o'f-the kinddescribed, which is simple in construction, which may be readily and conveniently fab.- ricated and assembled, which may be1economi call'y manufactured and which, in its construction, assembly and ause, provides rimprovelnents and -.conveniences not hitherto employed inth-e artfor thesame general purpose.

.Many other objects and ad-vantagesof the construction herein described and. shown will be obvious to those skilled in the zart trom the disclosure herein given.

5E0 this endmy invention :consistsin the novel- 'construction, (arrangement and comblnation-of,partsherem descrlbed and shown and more particularly polnted out in the claims.

In the drawings, wherein like reference characters indicate like or corresponding parts, I

Fig. .-1 is=a verticalisectional view through a :boiler embodying .the principles of my in vention;

Fig. .2 is avsection along'the line -22 of Fig. 1

Fig.3 is a sectionlfalong the line-3. 3 of Fig. 1;; r r

Fig. :4 is a-section along the line 4'-4 of Fig. -1 drawn-to a largerscale; v .Fig. 5 is a section along the line-5e-5 of Eigrgsand v 1 1 I Fig. 6 is a transverse vertical sectional view through an alternative embodiment of my invention.

Referring now more particularly to the drawings, the boiler is shown as positioned in and connected with a furnace generally designated bythe numeral 10. The furnace 10 comprises a front wall 11, a rear wall, 12, and side walls 14 and 15 all'cove'red by a layer 19 of insulating material. metal floor 16, having a cover 18 of insulating material, provides a rigid support for the furnace and adapts it for marine installation. The furnace 10 is covered by a roof comprising an outer layer 13 of brick or the like, a middle section of insulating material 20 and an inner layer of tile 21; r e

The walls and the roof of the furnace are partially supported and are tied together by a framework comprising I beam columns 23 positioned one at each corner of the furnace. The front columns are connected at their upper ends by a transversely extending 2 bar 25 and the rear columns 24 are similarly connected by a channel member 26. The columns 23 on each side of the furnace are connected by longitudinally extending I beams 24 which provide supports for an upper drum 41. The walls andthe roof of the furnace are tied together by the above described steel work in such a manner as to prevent their cracking and thereby adapts the furnace-for use on vessels.

The furnace is shown in Figs. 1 and 2 as equipped with. an underfeed type of automia tic stoker appliance which is generally designated by the numeral 27 and in which coal is fed from a hopper 33. A dump grate, comprising a'pluralityof sections 28 and29, is carried by longitudinally extending I beam and channel supports 30 and 32 respectively. A pair of partition walls 31, positioned in the ash box 22. provides supports for the I beams 32. vThe furnace is adapted for use with all types of fuel which may be burned on a grate either, through forced or natural draft.

A low partition wall 17 extendstransversely of the furnace-and cooperates with a baffle wall 34 to direct the gases ofcombustion, fromthe front portion of the furnace, up-

wardly towardsthe roof. The gases then travel downwardly betweenthe battle wall 34 and a baflie wall 35 and thence underneath the wall 35. The gases ascend between the wall 35 and the rear wall 12 of the furnace and escape past a damper 37 through an opening 38 into a line (notshown).

The construction of the furnace and the arrangement of the boiler is in accordance with a design, intended to provide the maximum amount of water cooling surface in proportion to the volume of the furnace. The boiler proper includes a lower mud drum 40 and the upper intake drum 41 which rest upon the I beams 24. The drums 40 and 41 are connected by a. plurality of vertically extending front tubes 48 and rear tubes 49. A stand pipe or vertical drum 42 is positioned in the rear of the furnace and projects above the boiler proper a sufficient distance to provide a pressure head in the boiler and to maintain all parts of the boiler constantly automatically accelerates thecirculation of the water contents of the entire boiler with out any change ofdirection of flow in any part thereof. For this purpose the lower end of the stand pipe 42 is connected with the mud drum 40 by a water pipe 51 and the upper end of the'stand pipe is connected with i the top portion of the upper drum 41 by a steam discharge. pipe 50. j

In addition to the tubes 48 and' 4.9, the drums 4O and4l are connected by a system of headers and tubes forming a water cooled lining for the front and side walls and the roof of the furnace. The liningincludes a pair of headers 43 oppositelypositioned along the side walls 14 and 15 and preferably adjacent tothe edges of the grate. The rear end of the headers 43 connect with the drum 40 and the front ends project through the furnace wall 11 where they each connect with a vertical pipe 45. The pipes 45 connect at their upper ends with a header 44 positioned on the outside of the furnace. -The header 44 is connected with the drum 41 by a plurality of tubes 46 forming a water cooled liningfor the front wall and the'roof of the furnace. A plurality of tubes 47 connect the headers 43 with the drum 41 and form water cooled linings for the side walls 14 and 15. i

The boiler is supplied with water through a feed pipe 39 opening into the top portion of the upper drum 41 and the water line is maintained in the stand pipe 42 at an eleva tion substantially coincident with the upper edge ofthe drum 41 regardless of any inclinations to which the'boiler may be sub jected by-the rocking of the vessel. 4 At such an elevation of the water line all parts of the boiler exposed tojthe gases of combustion are constantly filled with water and there is no d. nger of burning'out any portionsof the boiler or of the joints becoming loosened as is the case in boilers where there is a sudden drop of the water line leaving the upper ends of the tubes filled with only dry steam. s

nemesis-1 zlhe :eold avatenfed :into the drnm 41 through the pipe 39., moves downwardly through the :tubes 49 into the lower :mud

40. .Ellhe descending Water abstracts heat from ithe relat'mely :cool gases ascending between the atunnaee wall and the baffle Wall Water rflows El-H1 'the :drum 40 through the headers 43 and :returns :to the frontiportioncof the furnace.

.An emulsionof steam and waterus :produced in "the tubes .46, .47 and 48 which is discharged into the upper portion "of the drum' 41. The emulsion thus collecting .in the drum 41 flows through the pipe 50 into the spaee :aboveithe"Wat-er line in the stand pipe 142. Mater :flows liromrthe lower end of the stand :pipe 42 through the :pipe 51 into the :drum 49.. The tube connections Ebetween the (drums 40 and 4-1 and the :pipeconnections between the stand pipe :42 and the drums 40 and 41- are 'so arranged thata constant flow of Water :in one .;general direction through the boiler system results. The location of the water vline in the stand pipe 42 can be ascertained by. observationof a Water column or gauge :64.

The stand pipe 42 provides in combination a receiver, ZL separator, a steam .and Water storage chamber, and :a precipitating chamber forthe removal of impurities from :the water. The stand ;pipe 42 is the only portion of the structure which the water line is constant :since the-drum 41 is partially filled with an emulsion of steam and Water iIlFZI state of turbulence or rebullition.

The Water storage capacity of the stand pipe 42-is dependent upon the height it projects'above the 'boilersystem and itsdiameter.

It is desirable that the drum provide a large water :storage capacity for installations in peak load. the stand pipe 42 i-s'dependent uponthe diwlhich the normal load to be carried by the boiler is heavy or is light relatively to the The steam storage capacity of ameter of the drum and its height above the water line. The storage capacity for steam provided in any particular installation will also depend upon the ratio between :the peak J load requirements .and the normal load requirements for the boiler system.

Asafet-y nozzle flange 52 and a steam outlet pipe 53 are both connected with the steam storage chamber 70. Thesteam outlet pipe 53 connects-thestorage space 70 :With-a super- The superheater comprises a header -57po'sitioned on the outside of and on one side of the furnace into which the pipe '53 discharges. opposite-side of the diurnaceiis connected with heater.

A header 59 positioned on the the header r5.7 :by a plurality :of ztubes-i58 extending through the furnace transversely. The tubes .58 'fllI'B'ISO positioned in front of the Fbafile Wall 35 thatthe extremely :hot gases of theua'diant heat zone .fioW between and around :them. Ihe header 59 is connected :by a plurality ofxtubes .61 with .aheader '60 positioned adjacent .to the header BZ. fldhe tubes 61 are-so positioned :underneath the tubes 158.

that their steam contents abstract :the. :heat from the descending gases in the same mannerlas described for'the'tubes 58.; A baiflde plate 36 tends to retard-.rthe TflOW aGf "gases trom :between the tubes-161 and adds toit'he efficiency of thesuperheater. line 62 delivers the superheated steam into a storage reser voirzor to anien'gin'e (not shown).

Fllhe'emulsion of steam and waterucollected in zthe :drum 41 is discharged into the steam storage chamber 70 immediately above the A main "steaan water ililflle through the rel-ease "pipe 50. A

DOVBlzHjIlCl .efiicient steam separatoriisunounted in the steam storage chamber immediately above the Water line- The separator com prises a bowl shaped head 'or platei66 having a :manhole opening 67' through its central portion. Theiplate 66 is provided withza flange 7 4 'by means-of which theiplate is dias- I tened :tothe'drum 42. A plurality-of yerztically extending curved baflle plates :68 are equally spaced underneath and fastened :to the :plate :66j*by='n1eans 'of :flanges 69 "formed on their upper ends. Theouter edges' of the bafiles 6-8 are spaced away from the yva'll'of the stand pipe to provide an unobstructed annular space bet-Ween the battles and :the Wall. The steam release pipe 50discharges the emulsion :into the drum "42 tangentially with a velocity-got fiOW dependent upon the pressure generated in the drum 41, :and a rotary motionzof .the emulsion in the-annular space results The steam contents :of the emulsion -Will fiow inwardly between the :bafiles =68 :and ascendfthrough it-he manhole opening *6? into :the storage :space T-Whl'lfi the WH-tGPCO'Dt-GIItS unites with the main body of water. 5

The surface friction of the itangenti allyfiowing ater -coming from :the pipe .,50 imparts a :rotary motion 'ilOlrthe main h'odyof Water ein thestand pipe 42 and thereby causes impurities in ftl18"W&liT which are heavier than the Water itself to take position at or elose to thewallofithe stand pipe. The boiler structure acting as a thermal pump yvill in regular order lower these heavy solid impurities :to :the bottom of the stand pipe, Wherefthey can be readily drawn oil through a blOWpi-pe :and thereby :avoid their collecting asscale inthe boiler proper. The water Pi1136 5l WhiOll connects the lower end of the stand pipe 42 with thedrum 40has=its inlet endturned up- Wardly in thecenter'of the stand pipe. This :arrangement minimizes the possibility that the solid impurities which descend adjacent the wall of thethe stand pipe will enter the pipe 51 and thereby find their way into the boiler system proper. A blowoff pipe 56 is connected with the stand pipe 42 at or slightly below the normal water line in order that removal of impurities, lighter than water and floating upon the surface, may be easily ac-- complished. A blowofi" pipe 54 provides means for removal of sediment from the mud drum 40'. 3

Fig. 6 is a transverse sectional view of a boiler construction similar to. that already described wherein the furnace is adapted for burning oil and the drop grateis omitted; In this construction the lower drum 40 PIO-l jects through side walls 14 and 15 of the furnace and outside headers 72 are substituted for the inside headers 43. In oil burning furnaces it has been found undesirable to position the headers on the inside of the furnace for the reason that they are quickly burnt out by their intimate contact with high temperature gases'of combustion.

- Thus it will be seen that I have provided a boiler suitable for installation on vessels or other vehicles wherein the water line is maintained constantly at a predetermined elevation above the main boiler structure and that .I have provided a novel combination of a vides a novel means for separating the water and steam contents of the emulsion delivered by the boiler into the stand pipe.

Having thus described my invention, it is obvious that various immaterial modifications maybe made in the same without departing from the spirit of my invention; hence, I do not wish to be understood as limiting myself to the exact form, constructiom'ar- 'rangement and combination of parts herein shown and described or uses mentioned.

w What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is: I I

1.In a boiler'system of the character described a furnace, an intake drum and a mud drum arranged within and adjacent the rear of the furnace one above the other in spaced relation, a back bank and a front bank of upstanding tubes communicating with said intake drum and mud drum, a header extending exteriorly of and adjacent the front wall of the furnace and headers arranged adjacent the sides of the fire box of the furnace providing communication between said mud municating with drum and the header at the front of said furnace, a bank of tubes connected to saidheaders adjacent said fire box andiarranged soas to connect with said intake drum and thus provide a communication between the said last mentioned headers and said intake drum, a stand pip-e arranged adjacent said furnace, means providing communication between said drums and'said stand pipe, a fluid outlet leading from said stand pipe, and-means 'com said outlet extending through the furnace in a position whereby the fluid is superheated, and thence discharged.

2. In a boiler system of the character described, a furnace, a mud drum and an intake drum arranged above in spaced relation to said mud drum located in said furnace, abankof tubes arranged adjacent the rearof the-furnace and providing communication between said intake drum and said mud drum and a front bank of tubes being arranged within said furnace providing a communication between said drums, a header located exteriorly of and adjacent the front of said furnaee,-a pair of headers arranged within said furnace adjacent-the sides of said fire box providing communication between said mud drum and the header located at the front of said furnace, a bank of tubes arranged in said furnace adjacent each side wall of the fire box providing communication between said intake drum and said headers 10- oated adjacent the sides of said fire box, a stand pipe associated with said furnace, means providing communication between said mud drum and said stand pipe and means providing communication between said intake drum and said stand pipe, a pair of head-ers arranged exteriorly of and adjacent one side of said furnace and a single header arranged exteriorly of and adjacent the other side of the furnace, means providing communication between one of the pair of'headers and stand pipe, a bank of tubes adapted to super-heat the fluid leaving the stand pipe extending through said furna'ce providing communication between said last mentioned header and said single header,

a second bank of tubes similarly arranged providing communication between said single header and the other header of said pair, and an outlet provided for the said other header. 3. In a boiler system of the character described a furnace, an'intake drum-and a mud drum transversely arranged within and adjafront bank of tubes being arranged between said baflies, a header located adjacent the front of the furnace and a header arranged adjacent each side of the fire box of the furnace providing communication between said mud drum and the header adjacent the front of said furnace, a bank of tubes connected to said headers adjacent said fire box and ar ranged to extend upwardly so as to connect with said intake drum and thus provide a communication between the said last mentioned headers and said intake drum, a stand pipe arranged adjacent said furnace, means providing communication between said mud drum and the lower interior of said stand pipe and means providing communication between said intake drum and the upper interior of said stand pipe, a pair of headers arranged adjacent one side of said furnace and a single header arranged at the other side of the furnace, means providing communication between one of the pair of headers and the stand pipe, a bank of tubes extending transversely through said furnace between said vertical back and front banks of tubes providing communication between said last mentioned header and said single header, a second bank of tubes similarly arranged through said furnace providing communication between said single header and the other header of said pair, and an outlet provided in said other header.

4:. In a boiler systemof the character described a furnace, a mud drum and an intake drum arranged above in spaced relation to said mud drum located in said furnace, a bank of tubes arranged adjacent the rear of the furnace providing communication be tween said intake drum and said mud drum and a front bank of tubes arranged within said furnace providing a communication between said drums, a header located exterior 1y of and adjacent the front of said furnace, a pairof headers arranged within said furnace adjacent the sides of said fire box providing communication between said mud drum and the header located at the front of said furnace, a bank of tubes arranged in said .furnace adjacent each side wall of the fire box providing communication between said intake drum and said headers located adjacent the sides of said fire box, a stand pipe associated with said furnace, means. providing communication between said drums and said stand pipe, a pair of headers arranged exteriorly of and adjacent one side of said furnace and a single header arranged adjacent the other side of the furnace, means providing communication between one of the vpair of headers and stand pipe, a bank of tubes adapted to super-heat the fluid leaving the stand pipe extending through said furnace providing communication between said last mentioned header and said single header, a second bank of tubes similarly arranged providing a communication between said pair, an outlet provided in the latter head er, and a baflle arranged adjacent said last mentioned banks of tubes for directing the heating medium the-reagainst.

5. In a boiler system of thecharacter described, a furnace, an intake drum and a mud drum transversely arranged within and ad-v j acent the rear of the furnace one above the other in spaced relation, a pair of baflles vertically arranged in spaced relation to each other between said intake drum and said mud drum, one of said baffles being arranged to providing communication between said mud drum and the header at the front of said furnace, a bank of tubes connected to said headers adjacent said fire box and arranged to extend upwardly in a substantially vertical position from the headers adjacent the fire box and curve rearwardly so as to connect I wlth said lntake drum and thus provlde a communication between the said last men tioned headers and said intake drum, a stand pipe arranged adjacent said furnace and means for maintaining the water line in said stand pipe at an elevation above the boiler system, means providing communication between said mud drum and the lower interior of said stand pipe and meansproviding communication betweensaid intake drum and the upper interior of said stand pipe, means arranged in the interior of said stand pipe adjacent the means providing communication between said intake drum and stand pipe in order to provide a circuitous passagefor the fluid discharged into said stand pipe, a

pair of headers arranged exteriorly of and at one side of said furnace and a single header arranged exteriorly of and at the other side of the furnace, means providing communication between one of the pair of headers and the stand pipe, a bank of tubes extending transversely through said furnace between said intake drum and mud drum and between said baflies providing communication between said last mentioned header and said single header, a second bank of tubes arranged parallel to the last mentioned bank and extending through said furnace providing communication between said single header and the other header of said pair, and an outlet provided in said other header.

GEORGE LASKER.

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