US1919348A - Internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Description

July 25, 1933. M. TIBBETTS INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed NOV. 24, 1930 f Patenteclvferbij-25,1933y g :UNI-TED" -MILTONITIBBETT F DETROl/T, MICIiiGAN'Ass'IGNoR To vrnGmini)Moron cnneon- I Appnfaliion yinea Ndvember "124,1i'93o3 Aseriali N65 597,544;

tion engines andinore particularlyto en ginesnofthe fuelvinjection typein which igT i '4 nitionoccursthrough heat of compressionf i InV engines of the solidfuel injection type,-

j air is compressed in thev cylinders and atomized liquid? fuel chargesare injected into the e Y 'air during the compression strokes'of the en'- gine pistonsto form a 'mixturewhich-ignites 10v due-to heatA developedby the compression; "Ordinarily the fuel ,is moved finto-the Com-VA pressed air in thecylinders from injection de-y vices ivhichfinclude pressure means operated 'Y by the engine.. Such devices develop pres- `15 sure in accordance With the engine speed. and consequently, `when v"starting ythe-engine, the` pressure developed behind the fuel is too low tofsecure the proper atomization andv sufficient Y penetration thereofinto the'. compressed air in the cylinders to form a vmixture Which-will readily ignite under the heatj of compression i Vdeveloped/in the cylinders, 'and therefore,v under Ysuch circumstances is difficult.l f

starting of the engine through a rotating engine 'elementlhavingja selectivetWo-spee'd actuating mechanism so l that a higher fuel pressure will berdevel- '1 Oped Whenv the engine is starting than would takeplace if themechanism employed dur l Y l' Vcase of a fourcycle type vinternal 'combusej ing regular operation Wereefective.'

Diesel type in lwhich an air starter and A'selective speedjfuel device actuatingfmechanism.

l are simultaneously controlled' by the, operai tion of'a single device. e n y 40: 2 A- further object of'myinvent'ionisto pro- Vvide an internal combustion-engine Withtvvo mechanisms driven at relatively 'different speeds for vactuating a" fuel 'injection device in which va pairfof camzshaftslfare movable: axially toallow one orfthe other mechanismV ,y y

f g with eachfofthe inlet and outlet/passages."

-The air'inletfpassage isf'preferably.V venturi", .l i

to be placed in effective relation@ e Stillanother object off my invention is to It isan" Obj ect vof my'invention to provide af'Diesel type of engine in which pressure' developed behind theoil vinjections is caused:

' is4 mounted acylinderblock 11 vforminga pluralityof'aligned; cylinders."` Al piston, as f Shafbmavlb'e tui-ning..

' These andiother objects of areiiiwenfpegli'-Y Will appearjafromfthe'gfo'llowing description taken Vinconnection Withthe drawinglwhich.

forms a iFig. 1 is a sidefelevation of. ainarine engine "having my invention associatedftherewith;

Fig., 2 is afsectional. view-through the en- :gine:v shoWing-thejcam shafts driving 'mecha-V nism and the'fuelinjection actuating means;

frFig. S'is'a fragmentary horizontal sectienal I I view taken; on. line 3f-'3^ ofjFighZ showing the camshaft lshifting"mechanisminnormal '15 vFfg. k4 is afragmentary section-of one of f' the fuel linje ction"devices-Vassociated'With Fig.. 5 is 4a vsectional viewlof theair ,;relief valve mechanism. .Y v-

' "Referringnow tothe drawing bypcharf, actersy of. reference, 10' indicates Athe crank tion engine offthe Diesel-type upon which indicatedat kl12;'is-arranged to reciprocate Withinj each of thecylinders and is connected @to e a. conventional? form "of crank shaft* by vrodsfas indicated at 13j. ;'A' headfblockl isfsecured upon' the top of thecylinder block andis provided With separate exhaust and Y inlet passagesv foreach cylin'der,` oneof which l1s indicatedat 16;` conventionalyvalve mechanism,y as indicated at 17, 1s associated '3 in form and'is arranged at 'an angle'y tothe axisV of, the'associ'ated cylinderland tangen'- tialftof-the interiorv Wall thereo'fs'o Ythat l1 This invention `relates tointernal combu's Ver, pressure! 'behind `the fuelfgchargesywhen f starting the engine lthan would; be developed,- vby the'mechanismvyvhich is'effective during, regularfrunning operationof theen'gne.'y mi a Anotherfobjectpofthe'invention'isto pro-V vide fuelqinje'ction mechanism 'for interr yf nal combustionengines-in*Whichvpressuies 2 are developed vbehind the fuel charges to pro;

'es L Charges off air drawn into the cylinders will be caused to rotate.

With each cylinder l provide a separate fuel injection device, each et which is similar. Such a device consists olfv a nozzle sec# tion and a pump section and actuating meehanisin for the pump section. The nozzle seco tion includes va casing' 1S Ylormed with an end 19 which projects into an aperture in the cylinder and an adjustable stop member' 20 for the valve 21 which extends through an axial chamber in the nozzle casing sections 18 and 19. The end o1 the valve is formed With a head and the stop member is adjusted zle casing andV a spacerY 25 is interiliosed be# tween the `flanged upperv ond ot the barrel @between thevnozzlechaniber and the interior ofthe pump barrel;V vThe pump bari'eland casing arefprovided with a plurality et ports tion ofthe pump casing and serves as a fuel oilinlet. Such inlets are connected by icon` and theneclr of the nozzleAV casing. A pas'- sage 'extendsithrough thc spacci' and the noz- Zle casing neck to establish communication 26 and a 'casingv 27' surrounds the ported porduits 28 so 'thatthe oil can be 4`supplied throughv means of a low pressure `pump (not shown).v The passage-connecting' the noz- Zle chamber and the barrel is provided with one-Way valves29 so that oil will not return from thefnozzle section tothe, pump section. A *plunger 30 is arranged to recipi'ocate within the barrel and is provided with a head portion 3l which is slidably mounted inthe pump casing, there being' a coil spring 32 arranged between the barrel and the casing and engaging' the head 3l to normally urge and maintain the pump plunger in a position uncovering the ports 26. y

lt will be seen that the distance the plung-v er travels after closing,` the port-s 26 will determine the quantity 'of :fueloil evacuated into the cylinders through the nozzle section,'and the mechanism so arranged that the effectivel oil injections Vwilloccur toward the end of the air compression strokes-ot the piston, preferably anywhere in a range eX- tendi-ng between 35 to 5 degrees on the crank shaft angle before top center piston position.

Mechanisinfor causing injection strokes of the plungers is provided Aand consists et a pair of cam shafts 33 and 34, drivenprefer-` ably from thecrank shattya pivoted rock lever 35 associated with each device and an' n articulatedpush rod structure 36 which is interposed between the rock lever and the head 3.1 of the plunger. Such rock levers are mounted at one end upon a shat't 37 eX- tending through the crank Case and the free end of the rock levers is provided with a curved bearing face which is arranged S0 that adjustment of the push rod longitudinally thereof will cause plunger strokes ot' different lengths relative to the ports 26.

ln order to adjust and position the push rod `structures relative tothe rockv levers l 'Y provide an arm 39 which is mounted upon a shalt! 40 and to the other end vot which is pivot-ally mounted av link il which is also pivotedto the push rod structure'. The shalt [40' has a' gear 4:2 fixed thereto` and carried upon a shalt 4:3 is a gear il which meshes with gear 4t2; this shaft i3 has a lined arm /l extending to the exterior 'of the rank case and is connected by a link #i6 with apivoted lever 47 which is adapted to be manually operated. ldoveinent ot the" lever 47 will .cause rotation olf the Vshafts 43 and l0 with a consequent moveiient ot the armg) and the VSli link LilA to move and position the push'rcd" structures upon thecurvedface of the'rofck levers.'- lltzwill be understood that' theituel charge quantity can be regulated as desired throughv the mechanism describedV7 and suoli mechanism can alsoA be adjustedso that'the stroke imparted tothe plungers Ywill not close the ports operate.

vrlhe two cani shafts lor operating' the rock Y QG so that the enginewill not l levers ai'e suita'blyinounted in endbearings, as shown at 48' and 49, and mechanism is associatedtherewithfso that eithervone oi' the other camshaft moved into a position so Vthat the lobes 50 a-uid '51, associated therewith respectively, are `ina position to actu# ate the rock levers* ln order that the cam shafts will be moved simultaneously so that the lobes ot' one willbeeilective and the lobes of the other inellective, l provide Ya connection Which consists of a pivotallyi mounted yoke arm 52 having; a suitable projecting' end lor engaging' collars 53 fixed to the cam shafts, and in this' manner it .is only neces sary to Vapply mechanism to shift one ofthe shafts to place them Vboth in desired'relation relative to the rock levers.

In=order ltov start the engine l providea system through means of which compr sed air is admitted to the cylinders. A vrcoinpressed air ytank 5d is conveniently arranged relative tothe engine and has an outlet con- `'duit 55 leading` to a valve housing;v 56, and a conduit 57 leads from the yvalve housing.

To this conduit- 57 l conduct compressed air through a conduit 58.150 a distributor 59 with which a plurality ot' conduits (ideare/asso elated. to deliver compressed air to the individual cylinders during the power strokes in a proper timed^=relation to Vmove the pistons'downvvard, 'and also associated with the conduit 57 is a conduit-G1 which communicates with a'chamber v62 formed inthe crank case and in which the V'end-*ot the cam les shaft 33j 'reciprocatesQ i To vend thisc'ain e shaft lis inl the form of a head 63 anda spring 64 bears tliereagainst to normally nieve thev lshaft axially so that the lobes() Willv be in efliective'position beneath the rocklevers 35. lVliencoinpressed air 'admitted' into the chamber 62 thel Acam shaft13'3 Will be'nioved axially se that the lobes thereon will nieve into `aplane Where'` they .l o: iiot'contact with the rock levers, andA at the vsaine time through the medium of the yoke ar-niQlthecain shaft 3a is n'ioved in' an opposite direction such that the lobes 5l thereon` will be :moved into effective relation beneath the rock levers. .Y

The'cain shaft 34 isdriven ata multiple" speed relative to the cainishaft ancliseni ployed When the engine is being started, but

when" the engine is running under its own .power then the camshaft 33 isnioved into effective position. The cani rshaft 33 is driven at one half the speed from thecrank shaft S by means of gearing 8,11, @and S3, and such speed isvnot suicient'to operate thepplunger fastenough to develop. the desired pressure behind the oil injections Whenthe 'enginefis :being turned slowly in starting. The cam shaft Sflisfdriven from vkthe gear 83 by gearing-84 and Sop-at` crank shaft. speed which will produce the desired pressure behind the l which will readily ignite` after avery'few revolutions ofthe 'crankshaft,` AThe gears S andBS arelof sufficient length so that they can. be shifted axially Without becoming unmeshed from their, associated'gears 8&1 and 82..1vVith the cani shaft 83 in effective position, there will be one fuel injectionduring veach completev cyclev of the engineoj'ieration' which occurs late in the compression strokeof' vthe pistons. lith the cani shaft 34 in effective position, tlierewill be afuel'injection stroketivice in each completecycle ofoperaf 1 n V a* jaiity of cylinders, a 'Iuelinjection rdevice f associated With` yeach .cylinderincluding ya tion, one of these injections'occurringy latein the compression stroke of the piston. `Of

course', the extra injection in eaclifcon'iplet'e cycle of `operation Wastes asinall amount of fuel,'but vthe normal operation of i' the four st'i'okecycle engine is in' no Way interfere-d with.

A link is pivotally mounted atithe-lowei .end ofthe lever-,47 'and is pivotally mounted at its opposite endy to an arm 66 whicli is' w mounted upon a shaft?. ArlrcollarS is secured to the link 65 andfhas pivoted :thereto:

a link 69 which is connectedtothe rock lever 70, such lever being pivoted tothe valve hous-y ing` 56. The free end of the'lever 7.0 is arranged to actuate the valve stein 71 Which projects intor the valve casing and opensor closes the valvetherein so tliat'the passageof vcompressed air from the conduit 'into the conduit 57 istherebyfcontrolled. U

' charge bethe inaxiinuii'i in' order to have the lis appliedftor the engine.

- Iii-order that'the air intheconduit vinay Which is controlled through'ineans of anei-` tension 73,011' ythe -lever 70' enOafrinOf `the valve` l ,23. C

escape ,when ltliestarter vhas completedy its usefulness, Il provide aA rotatable valve 7 2f 'zov operatingflever'74. As previously described,

fuel charge quantity and it will bev-seen that movement of this lever will actuate the valvev lstem 71 through the connecting linkage 65, v69,1770 andthe colla-68; v When startinga Diesel engine in which the air charges re-. ni-ain constant 'itis desirable that the "fuel AniaXiinuni heat units'therein Vaswell as sulfi-y control lmechanism so thatthe lever 47 must` rii'ioveinentfof'the 4lever 47avill control' the l 15'Y :rso'

cient'fueljto provide areadily ignitablegmiX- i ture zand, consequently, I have arranged qthe be moved slightly vbeyond a position giving wniaXiinuin'I-fuel injections, as shovvn in Fig; l, beforelthe compressed airA conduit `57 is open'V to theI tank `and by. this arrangement I `can utilize a single control means for' rcgulatin g thev fuel quantities under any' operating conditioiisf' and atlthesainetiinemake they air starting systeinelfective- I 5;.v f. v Y

' As anfauxi'liary means of controlling the fuel?injection'quantity andthe air starting system Ifprovide-'a gear-75 on the shaft 67'r f which meshes With a gearf76fon the shaft77. x

Tlieg'eaifis. rotatee'l a rack formedff'on therendof/a rodi78 Which extends to or can befconnected to be operated remotely from tlieengi'ne.V m j 'Il lVhi'l-ev I have fliereinldescribed in some detail ay specific embodiment of inyjinvention, Which IQ deem-to lbe, new and advantak Y geous and may specifically claiifn, 'Iy do not desireA it to .beunderstood that lmy invention is liinitgedto the exact details of the construc-L tion, as it will be apparent 'thatA changesr may spirit orv scope of my inventioin,

What I claim vis:` v y I Y L -v l. :In an internal combustion-engine, azplubeiiiade thereinivithout departing from the f plunger, a `pair of cain shafts driven at rela'-V l tively different speeds v'for operating' `the Y pluiigers iiisequence, a starter system for the engine, Vandv ineans for shifting said cam A sliaftsjto place the faster cani shaft in plunger operating position When the starter system 2; ln aiiintern'al con'ibu'stioii device associated with each cylinder includ-v j engii'ie, a plu-.l Y'rality of. aligned cylinders, a fuel injection ing a-plungena starter system for the'engine,

faster cam shaft being moved into plunger operating position when the starter system is applied tothe engine.

3. ln an internal combustion engine, a pluralityr of cylinders, a fuel injection device associated with each Ycylinder including a plun a starter system for the engine, a pair of enginevdriveii cam shafts opeiative one' at a timefor actua ing the plungers to cause fuel injections, said shafts rotating at relatively different speeds, and 'means for shifting the shafts axially to place the desired one in operative relation with the plungers, the faster cani shaft being moved into plunger operating p isition when the starter systeniis applied to the engine. r

4.: ln an internal combustion engine, a cylinder, a device for injecting fuel into tlio l inder Yincludinga plunger, pair of engine rotated cams for operating the plunger to cause injection strokes thereof, said cams rotating at relatively dil'erent speeds, a compressed air starter system for the engine, and shifting means for said cams actuated loy the starter system, only one of the cams 1oeing in effective relation to operate the plunger ata time. 4

5. ln an internal combustion engine, a cylinder, a device for injecting fuel into the cylinder including plunger, a pair of engine driven cams eil'ective one at a. time to actuate the plunger, said cams being driven at relatively different speeds, a compressed air starter system, and means for ajviplying ,the starter system to shift the cams'so that the faster cam is effective during starting.

6. ln an internal combustion engii'ie, a plurality of cylinders, a fuel injection device associated with each cylinder including a plunger, means including adj ustahle mechanism for regulating the effective movement l kof the plungers to vary the chargel delivered,

a compressed air starter system for the engine controlled by the adjustable meclianisn'i, tam mechanismfor operating the plungers at different speer-,s relative to the engine speed, and means for utilizing the starter system to move vthe slower Canis out of effective relation with the plungers and the faster cams into effective relation with the plungers while the starter system isV effective.

7. ln an internal combustionengine, a plurality of cylinders, a plunger fuel injection device associated with each cylinder, a pair ,of cam shafts driven at di'ierent relative speeds and adapted to operate the plungers oneY at a time, means normally maintaiiithe plungers, a compressed air starting system forthe engine, and `a connection be-V tween the starting system and the cams si-Y multaneously shifting thevk fasterA cam into effective position with the plungers when the system isV applied toA start the engine.

9. ln an internal combustion engine, aV

plurality of cylinders, a fuelinjection device including a plunger associated. with each cylinder, a pair of engine rotated cam shafts adapted to be positionedin operative position with the injection devices vone at a time,

said shafts being operated at relatively different speeds, means normally placing the slower cam shaft in operative relation with the plungers of the fuel devices, and a inanually controlled compressedV air engine starter system for placing the faster cam shaft in operative relation with the pluugers of the injection devices.

l0. ln an internal combustion engine having a plurality of cylinders, devices for injecting fuel charges into the cylinders, mechanism for 'adjusting the devicesto regulate the quantity in the Vdelivered fuel charges, a pair of cam shafts driven at relatively different speeds, means for shifting the cam shafts, a starting system for the engine, and a single control member for controlling the adjusting mechanism, the starter and the cam shaft shifting mechanism.

1l, In an internal comhustionengine of the Diesel type, a plurality of aligned cylind xrs, a fuel injection device associatedl with each cylinder including a plunger, plunger operating mechanisms including a rock lever, a pair of cam shafts effective one at a time to actuate the rock levers, vsaidV shafts being operated at relatively different speeds, a starter system for the engine, and means for shifting Asaid cam shafts axially to place either in positionto operate the roch levers in sequence.

MILTON TIBBETTS

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