US1908001A

US1908001A - Art of converting hydrocarbon oils

Info

Publication number: US1908001A
Application number: US447265A
Authority: US
Inventors: Harold R Snow
Original assignee: Standard Oil Co
Current assignee: Standard Oil Co
Priority date: 1930-04-25
Filing date: 1930-04-25
Publication date: 1933-05-09
Anticipated expiration: 1950-05-09

Description

May 9, 1933. H. R. sN'ow Y 1,908,00

' ART oF CONVERTIG HmRocARBoN GILS.

Filed April 25, 195o Patented May' 9, 1933 UNITED. STATES PATENT for-FICE HAROLD R. SNOW, F HAMEOND, INDIANA, ASSIGNOBTO STANDARDVOIL COMPANY,

OF'WHITING, INDIANA@ A COBCPGRATION-OF INDIANA ART OF HYDROCABIBON OIlIIIIiSv Application illcd April 25, 1930.. Serial No. 447,265.

This'invention relates to improvements in connection Withthe pyrogenetic treatment of hydrocarbon oils end refers more particularly to the method offend means for retard- 6 ing the deposition of coke upon certain portions of apparatus employed in the decomposition of hydrocarbon oils. The invention will be fully understoodv from the following description, illustrated by the accompanying drawing, in which:

Figure 1 is al vertical sectional view of a reaction chamber suitable for use in connection with apparatus for'the conversionA of hydrocarbon oils, the' chamber being prole. vided with means forpreventing the deposition of coke against and within the vapor outlet and adjacent the upper man-head; and` Fig. 2 is an enlarged vertical sectional View ofthe outlet conduit and the coke preventing means shown in Fig. 1. 'i

Referring tothe drawing, the numeral -5 designates areaction chamber of suitable design for use in the cracking or conversion of hydrocarbon oils. The chamber 5 is particularly adapted to be` employed in cracking processes of the .vapor phase type, for example, processes such as those described in 7i the co-pending applications of myself, Serial No. 428,430, filed February 14, 1930, and another and myself, Serial No. 427 ,216, filed February 10,1930. In such processes, the oil 'undergoing treatment is heated in a heating zonewherein it is -vaporized and the vapors brought to an effective cracking temperature `8l! at which the desired type of crackingwill be secured. The products then -cw from the heating zone and into a suitable reaction chamber.- v i v I The'reaction chamber employed in such a vapor phase process is ordinarily a vertically Mdisposed elongated chamberof cylindrical form. and is maintained largely filled with .4 vapors, only a low level of tarry liquid being permitted therein, if any.

In cracking'or conversion processes, 'particularly those ofthe`4 type described in the applications already alluded to,- `coke forma- -tlons of an objectionable character tend to form 'upon and `within the vapor outlet lead- 5 ing from the reactionchamber and also adjadistributor indicated as a whole at 7. This E0 distributor is described in detail in my copending application Serial No. 428,431, filed February 14, 1930. The outlet 8 of the distributor 7 is located above the lev l of 'the tarry liquid, the level of which is indicated .35

v by the dotted line A. The level of this liquid is controlled by continuously or int :rmittently withdrawing predetermined portions of it through the draw-off line 9. The opening of the draw-oit line 9 is surrounded b y acoil 10 through which may be circulated a suitable cooling medium. The purpose and operation of this coil 10 and the outlet 9, are described in the already alluded toco-pending applications'Numbers 427 ,216 and 428,43 l.

The vapor outlet of the present invention is preferably located within the upper portion of the reaction chamber 5 and is designated as a whole at 11. The interior of 4 the outlet member 11 is provided with a downwardly depend-ing outlet conduit 12 the upper end-of which is connected to a vapor drawott" line -13 through which the vapor may parts may be secured together in a leak-proof manner, for example, by welding. v The lwer ring 16 is preferably located at, or slightlyr below the opening of the depending' conduit 100 .12. There is thus formed within the metal jacket or shell 14 a chamber or enclosure 19 surrounding a large portion of the depending outlet conduit 12. Obviously, it may be proportioned to surround the entire outlet assembly, if desired. j

The upper pipe ring 15 is connected to a pipe 20, the upper end of which is connected to a horizontally disposed ypipe 21 leading from a suitable source of hydrocarbon oils and having interposed therein a nozzle 22 directed upwardly toward the top of the reaction chamber 5 and particularly toward the manhead 23 of the chamber top. The upper pipe-ring 15 is provided with perforations 24 opening interlorly at a oint between the top of the jacket 14 and t e outer edge of the rin 17 so as to feed oil intp the chamber or enc osure 19, and is valso provided with downwardly opening perforations 25 adapted to spray jets of oil upon the exterior of the jacket or shell 14. The lower pipe-ring 16 is provided with perforations 26 communicating with the chamber or enclosure 19, .through which the said pipe-ring 16 receives oil discharged into the chamber from the upper pipe-ring 15. .The oil thus received is discharged from the pipe-ring 16 through a plurality of perforations 27 which are so positioned as to discharge jetsV of oil downwardly and across the mouth of the depending'conduit 12 and into the vapors flowing thereinto.

In the operation, the vaporous products enter the chamber through the line 6 and issue from the laterally' opening outlet 8 of the nozz1e7 The vapors rise slowly through the reaction chamber, in which the desired vapor phase cracking .temperatures are maintained. The period of time that the vvapors are retained in the chamber 5 depends upon the conditions of operation, such as the rate of feed, the size of the chamber, etc., as well as the typeof product desired. The reaction chamber may be insulated, or may be mildly heated, if desired,

A suitable cooling Huid is introduced through the lines 2O and 21 into the vapor voutlet 11. The fluid employed is preferably one which is not entirely vaporized by the hot vapors, the unvaporized portions being removed with the cracked vapor products by entrainment. This fluid may suitably be a distillate hydrocarbomor the fresh `feed stock for the system, which is thereby' preheated and redistillidji and blended' withv the vapor'- ous cracked products, to be later condensed with the heavier portions of the latter ,to

norm a composite lfeed stock which is fed toi-'5' thev heating zone for -substantial vaporiza-1 tlon and cracking. A portion of the cool-v ing fluid flowing through pipe -21 is ejected inthe V,f )rm olf aA jet-through the nozzlev 22l and agamst the man-head 23 in the top of.

the chamber 5, while the remaining fluid Hows to the outlet assembly 11. A portion of the remaining fluid flows through the chamber 19 formed bythe jacket 14 and is discharged inthe form of jets from the perforations 27 in the lower pipe ring 16. These jets are preferably directed across and adjacent the open end of conduit 12 and linto the vapors adjacent to and flowing into the open end of the said conduit. The remainder of the fluid is discharged through the perforations 25 in the upper ring 15 and along and against the outer wall o? the chamber 19. The fluid thus passed to the outlet member 11 functions to exert a cooling effect both infectively preventing coke formations which would cause stoppa e of the operation. The Huid ejected throng the nozzle 22 has a similar effect in preventing the formation of coke upon and around the man-head 23. j

The withdrawn vapors ow through pipe 13 and are passed to any suitable fractionati-ng devices (not shown) yto condense thereteriorly and exteriorly` of the conduit 12, ef-

ventionnin connection with a description of specific embodiments thereof, it is not intended that the details set forth shall be regarded aslimitations-upon the scope of the invention, except in so far as included in the 'accompanying claims.

1. In combination, a reaction chamber, and apparatus for withdrawing vaporous hydrocarbon oil products of conversion therefrom,

,which comprises an outlet conduit member extending into 'said reaction chamber and into the body of vapors therein, means for spraying a cooling liquid over a portion of the exterior Lof said conduit member within said reaction chamber, and means for sup-` plying cooling liquid to said spray means.

2; In combination, a reaction chamber, and apparatus for withdrawing vaporous hydrocarbon oil products of conversion thelefro'm,

whichcomprises a downwardly dependingl outlet conduit member extending into said reaction chamber and into the body of vapors @therein heated to conversion temperature, said conduit being open at its lower end and extending to a point exterior of said reaction chamber, means for spraying a cooling liquid y on the exterior of the portion of said conduit j Within said reaction chamber at a point above 4the lower end of said conduit', and means for' ,suppllying liquid to said spray means.

n combination, a reaction chamber, and appara-tus for withdrawing-vaporous hydrocarbon oil products -of conversiontherefrom, which comprises la conduit member extending into said reaction chamber and into the body of vapors therein heated to conversion temperature, said conduit being provided with an'v exterior jacket for receiving a liquid cooling medium, means for spraying a liquid cooling medium over a portion of the exterior of said jacket, and means for supplying cooling liquid to said jacket and to said spray means.

4. In combination, a reaction chamber, and apparatus for withdrawingwaporous hydrocarbon oil products ofconversion therefrom, which comprises a downwardly`7 depending outlet conduit member extending into said `reaction chamber and into the body of vapors therein heated to conversion temperature,

.said conduit being open at its lowern end, a

" jacketI surroundingy said conduit member jacent the open end o from a point adjacent the lower end thereof to a point substantially above the said lower end and adapted to receive a liquid cooling medium, means for spraying a liquid cooling medium over the exterior of said jacket at a point substantially above the lower end of ed to receive fluid cooling media, means spraying fluid cooling media into vapors adsaidconduit, means for supplying cooling Huid to said jacket, and means for assing cooling Huid from said jacket to said spray means. Y n

6. In combination, a reaction chamber, and

apparatus for withdrawingvaporous hydrocarbon oil products of conversion therefrom, which comprises an outlet conduit member extending into said reaction chamber and into the body of vapors heated to conversion temperature therein, said conduit having an open end for receivingvapors to with- \drawn from said chamber, means for spraying fluid cooling media over a portion of the exterior of said conduit .wlthin said reaction chamber, means for spraying fluid cooling media into the vapors adjacent the open end of said conduit, and means for supplying .'luid to each of said spray means. v

7 In combination, a reaction chamber, and apparatus for withdrawing vaporous h drocarbon oil products of conversion there rom, A

which comprises an outlet conduit member extending into said reaction chamber and into the body of vapors heated to conversion temperature therein, said conduit having an open end for receiving vapors to be withdrawn from said chamber, means for spraying fluid cooling media over a portion of the exterior of said conduit within said reaction chamber, means for spraying luid cooling media across and adjacent lthe openV end of said conduit, and means lfor supplying cooling fluid to each of said spray means.

8. In combination, a reaction chamber, and apparatus for withdrawing vaporous hydrocarbonl oil products of conversion therefrom, which comprises an outlet conduit member `extending into said reaction chamber and int the body of vapors heated to conversion temperature therein, the extending portion of said conduit being provided with a surrounding jacket for receiving fluid cooling media, and having an open end for receiving vapors, means for spraying fluid cooling media over a portion of the exterior of said jacket, means for spraying Huid cooling media into the vapors adjacentthe open end of said conduit, and means for supplying cooling fluid to said jacket and to each of said f spray means.

9. In combination, a reaction chamber, and

ap aratus for withdrawing vaporous hydro car n oil products of converslon therefrom, which comprises an outlet conduit member extending into said reaction chamber and into the body of vapors heated to conversion temperature therein, the extending portion of said conduit being provided with a surrounding jacket for receiving fluid cooling media and having an open end for receiving vapors, means for spraying fluid `cooling media over a portion of the exterior of the jacket on said conduit, means for spraying fluid cooling media across and adjacent the open end of said conduit and into the vapors adjacent the open end of said conduit, and

means fon supplying cooling fluid @to saidk jacket and to each of said spray means.

l 1g. In the method of converting hydrocar on oils into lower boiling hydrocarbon oils wherein a body of hydrocarbon oil vapors is maintained at conier'sion temperature within an enlarged chamber having a vapor dischar e conduit protruding therein `and provide with a surroundingjacket for receiving a fluid cooling medium, the steps of withdrawing vaporous products of conversion from said chamber through saidconduit introducing a fluid cooling medium into said jacket, discharging ya fluid' cooling medium against the exterior wall of said jacket thereby cooling the and within said jacket, 'and 113" discharging a iiuid cooling medium into the @if t enema vapoious Apit'eduetss entering seid conduit member, I

11. in the method of converting hydra carbon oils into lower boiling hdreeerben oils-wherein a; b'ody of hydrocar on oil Ver" pors'is maintained at conversion tempemtme Within an enlarged chamber having n Vapor discharge conduit protruding therein' and provided with e surrounding ja/eitet for 1receiving a uid cooling medium, the steps of withdrawin vnporous products of eonvetsion from sind chamber through seid conduit, introducing a, duid eeoing medium into seid jacket to cool said conduit, and discharging n duid cooling' medium argeinet the entetior well of said acket, there-by ceoing the @uid within said jncket.

In testimony whereof, il hexeunto etm my signeture, this 18th dey of April, 1930.,

HARGLD R. SNW.,