US1868A - Mode op regulating the waste - Google Patents

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MPETERS. PNoTo-LTHOGRAPMER WASHINGTON D c UNTED i Ross Winans, or Baiiriiionn, MaarLANn,

MODE 0F REGULATIVNGITHEWASTESTEAM IN LOCOMQTIVE SVVTEAMrvENGrINES. l

Specification of Letters ,Patent ,Nm

To'all culi-0m t muy concern Be it known that I, Ross VViNANs, civil engineer, of the city of Baltimore, inthe State of Maryland, have invented an Improvement in tlie'hlanner ofGonstructing Locomotive Steam-Engines, by which'inif provement the action ofthe waste steam may be so regulated as to increase .or diminish the draft of the furnacevat pleasure while the engine is in operation and the locomotive under way; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full and exact description thereof.

In the locomotive steam engine, as ordinarily constructed, the steam, after it 'has performed its oflice in the cylinders, is, un? der the name of waste steam, conducted through pipes denominated waste pipes,

into the chimney of the engine, and `is suf# fered to escape from these pipes in a vertical direction so as greatly to increase the natural draft through the fire, and thereby, tor augment the quantity of steam produced...

Itis a matter Vof greatimpoitance, however, inthe management ofthe engine, to be able to regulate the amount of this in creased draft, so asto increase or-diminish the power.l of the engine accordingtollthe varying circumstances to which it issub-.

jected when in use. It is obvious, for example, thatto take a loaded train of cars up an ascending grade, requires more, power than is necessary to propel it alonga level; and that in a descendinggrade, itis frequently desirable thatthe power Should be diminished; there are other circumstances, also, as is well known to every competent engineer, under which the ability to regulate the power of the engine is not only de sirable, but of vast importance. The force with which the steam will escape from the orifices of the waste pipes into the chimney, is determined by the elasticity of the steam, and the size of the orifices of the 'escape pipes; and by being able to change the latter, the velocity with which the steam shall issue may be determined, and with this also the augmentation, or diminution, of the draft will be regulated. In the construction of this part of the engine, as heretofore made, it has been the aim of the builder so to proportion the size of the orifices of the waste pipes as that thel steam shall issue from them with what may be denominated a medium velocity, which,'however, under the same elasticity, could not be varied, as the 1,8687, dated November 26, 1840.

those engines which the draft is increased by the discharge of theV exhaust steam into,"

tliechimney, andfwhile the engine is'in motion, to increase or tol diiiiinisli,5the draft i Ainther` chimney atpleasure, rby enlarging or contracting theforiiices of the pipes there,

sofasy to adapt the "draft to f the,` occasion, regulatingtheheat and steamv generatedtoI flleipartiiilalf ,@Xs'eny- ,Th' fllovi'ne is a description of 'themanner in whichI effeet this object. i c

. In the feiigiiies in commoniise, theescape,

pipes-by which vthe stean'ifpasses 'from 'the4v cylinders into the chimney, are contracted' f in ysize attheir `Lipper ends forniingthepriv v 'iiceshereing mentioned. In my invention, I

propose to give to them auniform diameter throughout, say three or lfour'inches according to circumstances, as'l shown in 'the' accompanying drawing, 4where A, and B, represent the es'cape pipes,.and C, the chimney ofva locomotive. In Leach of these pipes I; place an inverted cone, O, Oma de of metal, .A theupper end ,of which terminates inr acyl` A inder`,the diameter of ,which cylinder is so adjusted,y with reference to the diameter of thejescape pipe, as to. vallow betweenv'them,

when the coneand cylinder are lplaced iin theI escapeA pipesas smalla space for the escape',

thatwhen the cone and cylinder, which for",

of the steam as is at any time allowable ;`v so brevity I term a damper, is in the position represented in the drawing, Figure l, the steam passes into the chimney with the greatest velocity, and the draft is the greatest. It will be seen at once by inspection of the drawing, that when the damper is raised, a part of the cone less in diameter is brought on a horizontal line with the top of the escape pipe, and the opening for the steam to pass into the chimney is increased, and that in proportion as the damper is raised, until when the po-int of the damper is lifted to a line with the top of the pipe, the escape of the steam into the chimney is unrestrained by it, and, of course, the least increase of natural draft is obtained. A contrivance by which the engine man can, at his pleasure, raise or lower the dampers will enable him, therefore, to open or contract the orifices of the pipes, and, consequently, to regulate the draft according to the particular emergency. This may be effected in various ways well known to machinists; one that would answer the pur pose is exhibited in Figure l, where the engine-maniby turning the winch X moves the bent lever Y, which in its turn raises or sinks the damper O. In order to steady the dampers and keep them properly adjusted in the pipes, I affix three or four wings to each damper, extending from the apex to the base of the cone; these wings, which consist of thin plates, stand in the direction of the radii of the horizontal section of the cone, and their outer edges touch the inside of the pipe. They are represented at m, m, in the drawing Fig. l. To make the motion of the dampers simultaneous in both pipes, their upper, or cylindrical portions are connected by extending one of the wings up the adjacent sides of said portions, so that one of the wings is common to the two dampers,` as at n, n, Fig. l. Further to steady and guide the said dampers, a rod may be made to pass between the two pipes so as to slide within a tube placed there for the purpose, as shown in Fig. l, at 7c; to the upper part of which rod, one of the arms of the bent lever already mentioned may be attached, by means of which the dampers may be raised or lowered.

D, Fig. l, is a plan showing the pipes and the tube between them without the dampers. E, Fig. 2, is a representation of the pipe enlarged withthe damper in it.

F, is a plan of the pipe enlarged, showing the damper and its flanges.

Fig. 3, exhibits a section of a chimney, and the two exhaust pipes, showing another modification of my contrivance for producing the same result. The dampers here, instead of being inverted cones, are in such a form as to operate like direct cones, and the opening between them and the sides of the pipe instead of being the smallest that is allowable, when the dampers are depressed, is the largest, and it is by raising, not by sinking, the dampers that the opening is decreasedand the draft increased. In Fig. 3, the dampers, in place of being steadied in the pipes by fianges, as in Fig. l, are shown as steadied by a prolongation of the rod to which the bent lever is attached downward through a hole in a piece of metal, which is placed for that purpose in thepipe below the damper, as at 72,' it being so formed as to serve as a guide to the said rod.

As already observed, there may be many contrivances for opening and closing the orifices of the pipes, besides the two above described; these two, however, will answer the purpose, and illustrate my object.

I do not claim the plan of increasing the natural draft by causing the steam from the cylinders to enter the chimney through diminished orifices; but

I do claim as my invention, desiring to secure the same by Letters Patent,

` The plan of 'increasing or diminishing the force with which the steam from the cylinders enters the chimney, at the pleasure of the engine-man while the engine is in use or motion, by enlargingor contracting the orifices of the escape pipes, increasing or diminishing thereby, at pleasure, the draft of the chimney, in the manner above set forth; not intending by this claim to limit myself to the precise arrangement of the respective parts as herein described, but to vary the same as I may think proper, while I attain the same end by means substantially the same.

ROSS VVINANS.

Witnesses Trios. I). Jones, GEORGE WEST.

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