US1859414A - Process of forming pulps - Google Patents
Process of forming pulps Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1859414A US1859414A US367606A US36760629A US1859414A US 1859414 A US1859414 A US 1859414A US 367606 A US367606 A US 367606A US 36760629 A US36760629 A US 36760629A US 1859414 A US1859414 A US 1859414A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- binder
- mixer
- pulp
- fibrous
- mass
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 20
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title description 17
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 27
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001800 Shellac Polymers 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002655 kraft paper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018984 mastication Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010077 mastication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011087 paperboard Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004537 pulping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZLGIYFNHBLSMPS-ATJNOEHPSA-N shellac Chemical compound OCCCCCC(O)C(O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O.C1C23[C@H](C(O)=O)CCC2[C@](C)(CO)[C@@H]1C(C(O)=O)=C[C@@H]3O ZLGIYFNHBLSMPS-ATJNOEHPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940113147 shellac Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000013874 shellac Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004208 shellac Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011269 tar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H23/00—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper
- D21H23/02—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper characterised by the manner in which substances are added
- D21H23/04—Addition to the pulp; After-treatment of added substances in the pulp
- D21H23/06—Controlling the addition
- D21H23/14—Controlling the addition by selecting point of addition or time of contact between components
- D21H23/16—Addition before or during pulp beating or refining
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/61—Bitumen
Definitions
- Our invention relates to the preparation of pulps containing desired proportions of water insoluble binder substances and which can be felted into sheets upon conventional types of paper board and felt making machinery.
- binder substances of the type noted are to be enumerated coal tars, asphalts, bitumens, and in general heat plastic materials.
- the fibrous ingredients may be any of to those which, in pulp form, are suitable for paper making.
- This product with respect to a particular type of binder can be described as a bituminous, fibrous stock in aqueous suspension, wherein the asphalt or other bitumen is uniformly dispersed in the form of discrete particles having in general a globular or spherical form.
- This result is secured without the use of any emulsifying agent, such as colloidal clay.
- the discrete particles of binder substance are not rendered non-adhesive by a surface coating of an adsorbed emulsifying agent.
- the present modification is primarily concerned with the mechanics of our premixing process above referred to, and particularly with the first step.
- fibers wet with water are dispersed in a gummy or viscous binder, of which asphalt is one example.
- a gummy or viscous binder of which asphalt is one example.
- it is essential to keep the fibers moistened with water during the mastication with binder substance, and thereby to prevent a complete coating of the fibers with said binder substance. It is a characteristic of such fibrous compositions that they can be dispersed in water.
- the present improvement is specifically addressed to the handling of waste fibrousmaterials such as rags, which can not be used directly in the preferred procedure set forth in ouroriginal application, but require for adaptation thereto, a pre-treatment such as cutting, and fibration in a'beater.
- waste fibrousmaterials such as rags
- a pre-treatment such as cutting, and fibration in a'beater.
- 60 products as asphalt roofing (particularly PROCESS OF FORMING PULPS 1929. Serial No. 361606.
- One of these objects is to shorten materially the time previously required for pre-mixing a heat-fusible binder and a fibrous material to secure an association capable of ready reduction to an aqueous pulp suitable for fabrication into sheets on a paper machine.
- Another object is to improve the quality of x the pulp so made, by securing a more uniform distribution of binder, with particular reference to the size of particles.
- objects are to secure a more complete disintegration of the fibrous material used into its elementary fibers,-in order thereby to min1- mize the time necessary for refining the ultimate pulp in either the beater or the jordan or both, to reduce the cost of premixing especially in the item of power, and to provide a semi-automatic operation.
- Another advantage is to extend the practical application of our premixing process to heat fusible binders which are so viscous at temperatures readily obtainablein an open mixer and in the presence of water as to be practically unworkable therein.
- binders are asphalts having a ball and ring softening point of approximately 200 F. and higher.
- Shellac is another such material.
- This type of apparatus makes it possible to eflectively use a high input power
- rial may "beater without resorting to this intermediate the action is largely -material which is passing 'binder is not carried to 7 material shortening in the premixing time. Where thirty minutes are generally required'in the open type of mixer, two to three minutes are here sufli cient.
- the step of breaking down this mass into a watery pulp may be carried on in the same mixer; but we prefer to transfer the material at this stage to another mixer.- A Werner-Pfleiderer is well adapted to the next operation.
- the amount of water added in the second step is immaterial as to the upper limit.
- the resulting pulp will be utilizable in any regular paper making operation, and in the final product the binder, if it is plasticizable by heat, will be uniformly dispersed with relation to the final dried product.
- Sheets containing in excess of 75% of asphalt can be made more readily by this process.
- a process of preparing a bituminous pulp which consists in mechanically mixing wet fibrous material composed of bitumen and fiber in a closed compartment, and under pressure, and thereafter transferring said material to another mixer where it is reduced to a pulp through hydration with.water assisted by a mechanical agency.
- a process of preparing a fibrous composition capable of reduction to a pulp by mechanical agency which consists-in subJecting, under pressure, a mass of wet fibrous material and a heatplasticizable binder to the kneading action of mixing lades revolving in a closed compartment, substantially as described 3.
- a process of preparing a fibrous'composition capa le of being .fe ted on a screen which comprises subjecting under heat and pressure a mass of wet'cellulose fibers and a heat-fusible binder having a ball and ring what F., to the masti- 13o p .a closed compartment substantially as described, while maintaining the fibers through out the mixingcycle in a moistened condition,
- a process of preparing a fibrous composition capable" of being felted on a screen which comprises-subjecting under heat and pressure a mass of wet cellulose fibers and a bitumen having a ball and ring softening point above F. to the masticating action of mixing blades revolving in a closed compartme'nt substantially as described, while maintaining the fibers throughout the mixin g cycle in a moistened condition, and thereafter reducing the resulting wet fibrous mass to a pulp by mechanical dispersion in water.
- a process of preparing a fibrous composition which comprises subjecting under pressure, fibrous material and water to the mechanical action of mixing bladesrevolving in a closed compartment, until at least a semipulped mass is obtained adding a binder, and continuing said action until a fibrous mass is obtained capable of reduction to a pulp by a mechanical agency, on the addition thereto of sufiicient water.
- That process of producing a pulp which comprises simultaneously liberating the fibers of wetted rag stock and distributing a bitumen therethrough in minute uncoated particles, by mixing rags and bitumen in the presence of water in a closed mixer under pressure.
Description
@atented May 24, 1932 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE I EARL P. STEVENSON, OF NEWTON, AND HARRY A. BURON, 013 BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNORS TO THE RICHARDSON COMPANY, OF LOCKLAND, OHIO, A CORPORATION OF OHIO No Drawing. Application filed May 31,
Our invention relates to the preparation of pulps containing desired proportions of water insoluble binder substances and which can be felted into sheets upon conventional types of paper board and felt making machinery. Among the binder substances of the type noted are to be enumerated coal tars, asphalts, bitumens, and in general heat plastic materials. The fibrous ingredients may be any of to those which, in pulp form, are suitable for paper making. a
It is an object of our invention to provide a modification of the premix process described in our co-pending application for patcut, Serial No. 314,551, filed October 23, 1928,
to which reference is hereby made for a description of the ultimate product which it is desired to form. This product with respect to a particular type of binder, can be described as a bituminous, fibrous stock in aqueous suspension, wherein the asphalt or other bitumen is uniformly dispersed in the form of discrete particles having in general a globular or spherical form. This result is secured without the use of any emulsifying agent, such as colloidal clay. The discrete particles of binder substance are not rendered non-adhesive by a surface coating of an adsorbed emulsifying agent.
The present modification is primarily concerned with the mechanics of our premixing process above referred to, and particularly with the first step. in which fibers wet with water are dispersed in a gummy or viscous binder, of which asphalt is one example. In carrying out this process it is essential to keep the fibers moistened with water during the mastication with binder substance, and thereby to prevent a complete coating of the fibers with said binder substance. It is a characteristic of such fibrous compositions that they can be dispersed in water.
The present improvement is specifically addressed to the handling of waste fibrousmaterials such as rags, which can not be used directly in the preferred procedure set forth in ouroriginal application, but require for adaptation thereto, a pre-treatment such as cutting, and fibration in a'beater. For such 60 products as asphalt roofing (particularly PROCESS OF FORMING PULPS 1929. Serial No. 361606.
other ends which do not concern alone the use of a rag stock for the fiber base. One of these objects is to shorten materially the time previously required for pre-mixing a heat-fusible binder and a fibrous material to secure an association capable of ready reduction to an aqueous pulp suitable for fabrication into sheets on a paper machine.
Another object is to improve the quality of x the pulp so made, by securing a more uniform distribution of binder, with particular reference to the size of particles. objects are to secure a more complete disintegration of the fibrous material used into its elementary fibers,-in order thereby to min1- mize the time necessary for refining the ultimate pulp in either the beater or the jordan or both, to reduce the cost of premixing especially in the item of power, and to provide a semi-automatic operation.
Another advantage is to extend the practical application of our premixing process to heat fusible binders which are so viscous at temperatures readily obtainablein an open mixer and in the presence of water as to be practically unworkable therein. Examples of such binders are asphalts having a ball and ring softening point of approximately 200 F. and higher. Shellac is another such material.
In place of the open Werner-Pfleiderer mixer previously described as the preferred apparatus for premixing, a steam jacketed closed mixer fitted with a mechanically 0perated ram serving to close the top of the mixer and to force the charge positively into working contact with the mixing mechanism, is now recommended- Such an apparatus is examplified by that described in the Banbury United States Patent No. 1,200,070 dated October 3, 1916.
This type of apparatus makes it possible to eflectively use a high input power, and
Yet other 4 thereby to achieve a directly therein.
I Generally it will structures such as heavy kraft paper,
is a more or less adhesive,
,rial may "beater without resorting to this intermediate the action is largely -material which is passing 'binder is not carried to 7 material shortening in the premixing time. Where thirty minutes are generally required'in the open type of mixer, two to three minutes are here sufli cient.
We have also discovered, when using this type of mixer, that rags can be handled In a typical operation wet rags can be directly charged into the beater, followed by the addition of the binder, which need not be previously liquefied. A binder such as asphalt when in a viscous state, assists directly in the disintegration of the rags to a non-structural mass in which the fibers are liberated. In like manner strong fibrous I asphalt saturated and coated rag felt, partially digested wood such as sulfite tailings and the like can be utilized to advantage and with over-all economy. In some cases it may be desirable to introduce the binder before the fibrous material, though in general we prefer to reverse this procedure. The material delivered from the above step gummy mass of intimately mixed binder and fibers which latter, while appearing to be completely masticated and coated by the binder, are yet in acondition for the ready assimilation of water. The step of breaking down this mass into a watery pulp may be carried on in the same mixer; but we prefer to transfer the material at this stage to another mixer.- A Werner-Pfleiderer is well adapted to the next operation.
The amount of water added in the second step is immaterial as to the upper limit."
be found desirable to employ heat at this stage, thoughwith certain types of asphalts or other binders, this may be unnecessary. In some instances the mate- -be added directlyto a paper mill stage 'of'pulping. Otherwise the procedure at this point is that more fully described in the co-pending application hereinabove referred to.
The advanta es' which are inherent in this modification 0 our premix process are attributable to mixing under a mechanically imposed pressure. In the open type of mixer restricted to that material which at any 'ven time is directly in contact with the mixing blades, and to that directly between the blades and the bottom of the mixer. Power is inefliciently used in tumbling the mass around, and the filming out o the a desired degree. It is to'thisbetter distribution of binderthat we attribute the greater uniformity of the and the more intimate asso- .1
ciation of binder and fiber which we attain-v The foregoing process is'ideally adapted the preparation of bituminous pulps.
ultimate pulp softening point above 190 Various types of as halts have been successfullyhandled, an pulps made therewith show under the microscope spherical particles of asphalt ranging in diameter.between'.045 and .002 millimeters, with the average between .015 and .006 millimeters. A few of the particles may be adherent to the fibers; but the majority appear to exist as discrete particles. If the asphalt used is one that is normally adhesive, a tendency toward agglomeration may be apparent. Consequently we prefer to use asphalts which are at least semi-solid at' ordinary or normal temperatures; We have asphalts having a penetration as high as 30 at 771005, but we prefer those slightly harder for reasons not wholly concerned with the premixing operation.
The intense mechanical operation usually results in a considerable heating of the mixer contents which will not be found disadvan-' tageous'. In the handling of certain binders it is not, therefore, necessary to apply any external heat to the mixer as through the steam jacket provided for this pur ose,the internally generated-heat being su cient to cause the binder to flow under the imposed pressure. In other cases it may be found advantageous to both heat the mixer and add the binder in a molten'state. This improved process of premixing is not necessarily limited with respect to consistency and temperature of binder during mixing.
The resulting pulp will be utilizable in any regular paper making operation, and in the final product the binder, if it is plasticizable by heat, will be uniformly dispersed with relation to the final dried product.
Sheets containing in excess of 75% of asphalt can be made more readily by this process.
Having thus described our invention, we claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, isz
.1. A process of preparing a bituminous pulp, which consists in mechanically mixing wet fibrous material composed of bitumen and fiber in a closed compartment, and under pressure, and thereafter transferring said material to another mixer where it is reduced to a pulp through hydration with.water assisted by a mechanical agency.
2. A process of preparing a fibrous composition capable of reduction to a pulp by mechanical agency, which consists-in subJecting, under pressure, a mass of wet fibrous material and a heatplasticizable binder to the kneading action of mixing lades revolving in a closed compartment, substantially as described 3. A process of preparing a fibrous'composition capa le of being .fe ted on a screen, which comprises subjecting under heat and pressure a mass of wet'cellulose fibers and a heat-fusible binder having a ball and ring what F., to the masti- 13o p .a closed compartment substantially as described, while maintaining the fibers through out the mixingcycle in a moistened condition,
and thereafter reducing the resulting Wet fibrous mass to a pulp by mechanical dispersion in water. y v
4. A process of preparing a fibrous composition capable" of being felted on a screen, which comprises-subjecting under heat and pressure a mass of wet cellulose fibers and a bitumen having a ball and ring softening point above F. to the masticating action of mixing blades revolving in a closed compartme'nt substantially as described, while maintaining the fibers throughout the mixin g cycle in a moistened condition, and thereafter reducing the resulting wet fibrous mass to a pulp by mechanical dispersion in water.
5. A process of preparing a fibrous composition which comprises subjecting under pressure, fibrous material and water to the mechanical action of mixing bladesrevolving in a closed compartment, until at least a semipulped mass is obtained adding a binder, and continuing said action until a fibrous mass is obtained capable of reduction to a pulp by a mechanical agency, on the addition thereto of sufiicient water.
6. The process of preparing a bituminous pulp from rags which consists in first adding wet rags to a closed mixer as described, adding thereto a bitumen, continuing the mixing until a substantially homogeneous mass is obtained, thereafter removing the resulting mass to another mixer, addin water and re-v ducing said mass to the condition of a pulp suitable for handling in a beater.
7. That process of producing a pulp which comprises simultaneously liberating the fibers of wetted rag stock and distributing a bitumen therethrough in minute uncoated particles, by mixing rags and bitumen in the presence of water in a closed mixer under pressure.
EARL P. STEVENSON. HARRY A. BURON.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US367606A US1859414A (en) | 1929-05-31 | 1929-05-31 | Process of forming pulps |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US367606A US1859414A (en) | 1929-05-31 | 1929-05-31 | Process of forming pulps |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US1859414A true US1859414A (en) | 1932-05-24 |
Family
ID=23447869
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US367606A Expired - Lifetime US1859414A (en) | 1929-05-31 | 1929-05-31 | Process of forming pulps |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US1859414A (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
USB431072I5 (en) * | 1974-01-07 | 1976-01-20 |
-
1929
- 1929-05-31 US US367606A patent/US1859414A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
USB431072I5 (en) * | 1974-01-07 | 1976-01-20 | ||
US3985610A (en) * | 1974-01-07 | 1976-10-12 | National Gypsum Company | Water-resistant asbestos-cement |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US3794558A (en) | Loading of paper furnishes with gelatinizable material | |
US4145246A (en) | Process for making high-strength, high-yield sulfite-modified thermomechanical pulp and a linerboard composition produced therefrom | |
US2773763A (en) | Mineral fiber product containing hydrated virgin kraft pulp and method of producing the same | |
US1901382A (en) | Fibrous composition containing filler and binder substances and process of making them | |
EP0682727B1 (en) | A method for the production of plastic formed products containing cellulose fibres from straw and an intermediate moulding composition therefor | |
US3210239A (en) | Process of forming paper containing foamed aminoplast resins | |
US1925584A (en) | Production of pulps containing thermoplastic substances | |
US1859414A (en) | Process of forming pulps | |
CN111472198B (en) | Method for manufacturing straw base paper, straw base paper and paper straw | |
US2236900A (en) | Reconstituted felt and manufacture of same | |
US2051410A (en) | Process of making a dispersion of a hard resin of the coumarone indene type | |
US1825869A (en) | Process of producing felted materials containing bitumen | |
US1771150A (en) | Fibrous composition and method for manufacturing same | |
US1847773A (en) | Paper making | |
US1792098A (en) | Process for forming feltable bituminous pulps | |
US1567646A (en) | Process for the production of combinations of rubber and paper and products obtained thereby | |
US2022311A (en) | Preparation of pulps containing hard binder substances | |
US2196469A (en) | Reconstituted mineral surfaced felt and manufacture of same | |
US2336367A (en) | Paper and process for preparing the same | |
US1949249A (en) | Fibrous composition and process of manufacture | |
US1825756A (en) | Process of briquetting finely divided coal, fuel, or other pulverulent materials | |
US1997366A (en) | Sized paper and process of manufacturing the same | |
US1981573A (en) | Pulp forming process | |
US1878300A (en) | Felted fibrous composition | |
US1401791A (en) | Waterproof composition |