US1856054A - Automatic draft conditioner - Google Patents

Description

April 26, 1932. H, GOLDBERG 1,856,054

AUTOMATI C DRAFT CONDI TIONER Filed Sept. 11, 1930 4,SheetsSheet l Emma v2"- 7mm 2mm) April 26, 1932. H. GOLDBERG AUTOMATIC DRAFT CONDITIONER Filed Sept. 11, 1950 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 April 26,. 1932. 1,856,054

H. GOLDBERG AUTOMATIC DRAFT CONDITIONER 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed Sept. 11, 1950 April 26, 1932.

H. GOLDBERG AUTOMATIC DRAFT CONDITIONER Filed Sept. 11, 1930 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 jzvezzzbit' hill) dill lid

Patented Apr. 26, 1932 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE ASSIGNOR '10 WOLFF COAL SAVER OOH- CORIORATIQN OF DELAWARE AUTOMATIC DRAFT CONDITIONER Application filed September 11, 1930. Serial No. 481,110.

My invention relates to draft regulating mechanism and one of the objects is the provision of automatic mechanism for regulat ingthe draft in a heating system in accordance with the supply of fuel thereto.

it. further object of the invention is the pro vision of an improved and efficient controlling system for both a draft conditioner and automatic mechanism for supplying the fuel, so as to secure operation thereof in unison.

Another object of the invention is the provision ct automatic means for temporarily opening wide a damper when fuel is first automatically supplied to a furnace and then permitting the damper to move to an intermediate position to be occupied during the operation of the furnace, and to substantially close the damper when the supply of fuel is discontinued.

it. further object of the invention is the provision of means for operating a damper embodying a retarding" device to efiect movement of the damper from a wide open position or temporary running position to an intermediate or normal running position.

A further object of the invention is the provision ct means for electro-magnetically operating the damper and controlling such operation in unison with the control of an electric motor operated fuel supplying mechanism to secure opening of the damper when fuel is supplied and closing of the damper when the supply of fuel is out off.

Uther objects of the invention will appear hereinafter, the novel features and combinations being set forth in the appended claims.

in the accompanying drawing% Fig. l is an elevational view of my improved electro-magnetic mechanism for operating a damper, the parts being shown in position when the damper is substantially closed; I

lFig. 2 is a side elevational view of the electromagnetic damper operating mechanism, parts being broken away to show the details oi" the interior construction;

Fig. 3 is an elevational View similar to Fig. l, but with the clectro-magnet energized for movement of the damper to its initial or term porarily wide open position;

Fig. 4 is a view similar to Fig. 3 illustrating the position that the parts will take after the electro-magnet has been energized and the damper has moved to its intermediate or normal running position;

Fig. 5 is a perspective View of a furnace with my improvementscombined therewith and with a motor operated Stoker or fuel supplying apparatus;

Flg. 6 is a wiring diagram of the circuits and connections of the means for controlling the electromagnetic damper operating device and the motor of the electrically operated stoker; and I Fig. 7 is an enlarged View, matic, to show the overload tripping device. 7

Referring to Figs. 1 and 5 it will be seen that the flue 8 which leads from the furnace 9 is provided with a damper 10 which when in its dotted line position shown in Fig. 1, is in its so-called closed position, although not entirely so. This upright position shown in dotted lines in Fig. 1 is the position that the damper occupies when the furnace is banked. a

The damper 10 is secured to a rock shaft 11 which is mounted'in suitable bearings 12 of the flue 8 as shown in Fig. 2. To the rock shaft 11 is secured a lever, one arm 14 of which is provided-with an adjustable weight 15 and the other arm 16' of which is provided with a transverse pin ,17, the lateral ends of which project into the slots 18 in the upper end portions of the links 19, 19.

The lower ends of the links 19, 19 are piv oted at 20 to the upper end of the plunger 21 which extends downwardly into the solenoid 22.

Theupward movement of the arm 16 and the upward movement of the plunger 21 are limited by oncof the links 19 at its upper end striking .against the stop screw 23. This stop screw is adjustable relatively to the stationary bracket 24 and may be secured 1n adjusted position by means ofthe lock nuts 25. A casing 26 entirely encloses the solenoid 22, the plunger 21, the' links 19 and the arm 16, but the arml i'projects through a slot in the left-hand portion of the casing partly diagramcircuit breaker 26 and this slot permits suflicient freedom of 22, the rapid downward movement of the plunger 21 from the position shown in Fig. 1 will cause Zthe parts to assume the positions shown in Fig. 3. The momentum of the weight 15 will be suflicient to throw the arm 14 to its uppermost position against the upper limit of the slot in: the u per lefthand portion of the casing 26. en the solenoid is first energized the pin 17 is engaged by the upper ends of the slots 18 and such engagement continues while the plunger 21 is moving downwardly and until the plunger reaches the lower limit of its stroke shown in Fig. 3,'whereupon the momentum of the weight 15 will cause the pin 17 to ride along the slots 18 until the pin 17 is at the lower ends of these slots as shown in Fig. 3.

When the fuel is first supplied to the furnace as hereinafter more fully described, the solenoid 22 is energized and the damper 10 is moved to its wide open or horizontal position, which is the temporary running position. This movement is effected by the energization of the electro-magnet and the consequent momentum exerted on the weight 15. After the positions of the parts shown in Fig. 3 have been attained it is desirable that the weight 15 should move downwardly with Y a retarded movement so that the damper 10 during operation of the furnace will occupy the-position shown in Fig. 4, this position being the normal running position.

As shown in Fig. 2 friction discs 28, preferably of fibrous'material, are mounted on the pins 17 between the lateral ends of the arm 16 and the upper ends of the links 19. A bolt 29 extends freely through openings in the links 19 and its screw threaded end is provided with a compression spring 30. Two nuts 31 and 32 are mounted on the screw threaded end of the bolt 29 and the head 33 of the bolt acts as an abutment. It will thus be seen that the spring 30 acts on one of the links 19 and on the nut 32 to exert pres! sure on the links 19 against the friction discs 28. The pin'17 .extends through perforations in the centers of the friction discs 28.

When the electro-magnet is energized its plunger 21 is suddenly pulled down and the weight 15 consequently flies to its uppermost position shown in Fig. 3. After the plunger 21 has been pulled to its lowe most limit, the weight 15 starts to descend, but the movement is retarded by reason-of the braking action afforded by the friction discs and the spring pressure exerted thereon. The damper 10 will therefore move slowly from its horizontal or wide open position shown in Fig. 3 to its slanting or normal running position shown in Fig. 4. During this movement of the damper from its temporary running'position to its normal running position the fuel supply is continuing and the operation of the furnace is well under way by the time that the damper reaches its normal running position.

Automatic stokers and automatic oil burners for heating systems operate-intermittently and it is therefore desirable to operate the damper intermittently and in unison with the starting and stopping of the fuel supply. The cycle of operation of the heating system is usually controlled by a series of protective and controlled devices such as pressurestats, thermostats, aquastats, stack switches, low-water cut-off, etc. In Fig. '5 I have shown m improvements adapted to a furnace provi ed with a motor operated stoker, but it should be understood that other types of automatic fuel supplying mechanism may be used if desired; for instance, an automatic motor operated oil burner. In Fig. 5 the automatic stoker 34 is provided with a hop er 35 for receiving the fuel to be supplie The automatic stoker is operated by means of an electric motor 37.

Fig. 6 shows a wiring diagram of the circuits and connections of the system shown in Fig. 5. A main line switch 38 is adapted to connect the supply mains 39 to the conductors 40, 41 and 42 through the fuses 43, 44 and 45. An electro-magnetic switch 46 is provided to connect the conductors 40 and 42 to the solenoid 22 of the electro-magnctic damper operating device or draft conditioner. An electro-magnetic switch 47 is adapted to connect the conductors 40, 41 and 42 to the electric motor 37 which is connected to the stoker 34 as shown in Fig. 5.

The'electro- magnets 48 and 49 of the electro-magnetic switches 46 and 47 are connected in parallel, so that whenever one is energized, the other will also beenergized. Consequently, whenever the electro-magnetic switch 46 1s closed,- the electro-magnetic switch 47 will also be closed. The arrangement is therefore such that whenever the motor 37 receives power from the supply mains to start the fuel su plyin mechanism in operation, the solenoi 22 of the electromagnetic draft conditioner will also be energized. In other words, just as soon as the motor 37 starts, the solenoid will be energized and the damper 10 will be moved to its wide open or temporary running position.

In Fig. 6 a so-called summer and winter to the furnace 36.

switch or double throw switch 48 is adapted to connect the thermostat 49 and the pressurestat 50 in series with the protective switches 51, 52 and 53 when the switch is in its upper position in engagement with the contacts 54 and 55 and to connect the aquastat 56 in series with said protective switches when in engagement with the contacts 57 and 58.

When the switch 48 engages the contacts 54 and 55 a circuit will be established as follows: Conductors 42, 59, switch 48', contact 54, conductor 60, the mercury switch 61, conductor 62, mercury switch 63, conductor 64, contact 55, switch 48, conductor 65, switch 53, conductor 66, switch 52, conductor 67, switch 51 and conductor 68. At 69 the current divides; one portion flowsthrough the conductor 70 and the other portion through the conductor 71. The current therefore flows through the electro- magnets 48 and 49 in parallel. From the electro-magnet 49 the current flows through the conductor 72 to the conductor 40 and from the electro-magnet 48 the current flows through the conductor 7 3 to the conductor 72.

When the switch 48' engages the contacts 57 and 58 the mercury switch 74 will be substituted for the mercury switches 61 and 63, The. current will therefore flow from the conductor 59 to the switch 48, the conductor 75, mercury switch 74, conductor 76 to the contact 58 and thence through the switch 48 to the conductor 65.

in Fig. 5 the aquastat 56 is shown in its positionon the front of a furnace where it may project into the water in the boiler. In summer time when the heating of thejouilding is unnecessary, but hot water is desired, the aquastat 56 is thrown into circuit and the pipes 77 and 78 employed in the hot water circulating system. When the temperature of the water falls to a predetermined minimum the aquastat will operate to tilt the mercury switch 74 on its pivot to the position shown in Fig. 6, whereupon the electromagnetic switch 47 will be operated to start the electric motor 37, so that fuel will be supplied until the water becomes sufficiently heated, whereupon the aquastat will operate automatically to interrupt the circuit and the current will be out 01f from the motor 37. At the same'time the motor 37 starts to operate. the draft conditioner opens the damper wide and this is followed by movement of the damper to its normal running position. en the motor 37 is deenergized the sole noid 22 will also be deenergized.

Although in Fig. 5 I have not shown the thermostat 49', it should be understood that such control switches and others of similar types may be used in the heating system,

particularly in winter time, when the switch 48 engages the contacts 54 and 55. .The mercury switches 61 and 63 are of the usual type comprising a globule of mercury in a glass vacuum tube which is pivoted so that the terminals which project into the same will be connected or disconnected by the mercury. For instance, when the temperature drops to a predetermined amount, the mercury will connect the terminals and likewise when the pressure of the heating medium in the furnace remains below a predetermined amount, the terminals in the electric switch will remain connected. After the furnace has opera-ted to such an extent that the temperature desired has been reached, the mercury switch 63 will be opened and furnace exceeds a predetermined amount, the switch 61 will be opened. The opening of either one of these switches will cause both if the pressure in the of the electro-magnetic switches 46 and 47 to become deenergized to effect discontinuance of the supply fuel and the closing of the damper 10.

It is also desirable to provide protective devices which will operate as circuit breakers to protect the motor 37 and the solenoid 22 from being over-heated or burned out.

In Figs. 6 and 7 I have shown diagrammatically a heating coil 79 associated with a cup 80 for containing solder 81. Associated with the cup is a ratchet Wheel 82 provided with a vertical spindle 83 extending through the solder 81.

Engaging the ratchet wheel 82 is a resilient pawl 84 which is connected to the switch bar 85 mounted to slide in the fixed guideways 86, 87 An arm 88 extends laterally from the bar 85 and a spring 89 is connected between this arm and the anchorage 90.

Spring 89 tends to move the bar 85,toward the right, as viewed in Fig. 6, but this movement is limited by the collar 91 on the left hand end of the bar 85. Likewise a spring 92 is connected between-the fixed guideway 87 and the pawl 84. I

When the electro-magnetic switch '46 is closed, the switch arms 93 and 94 engage the contacts 95 and 96 respectively and a circuit is therefore closed from the conductor 40 to the conductor 72 and thence through the contact 95, switch arm 93 and conductor 97 to the solenoid 22; the circuit continues through the conductor, 98, heating element 79, conductor 99, switch arm 94 and conductor 100 to the conductor 42. When the current flow through this circuit becomes excessive, the heating element 79 will melt the solder 81 and permit the ratchet wheel 82 to turn the spindle 83, whereupon the springs 89 and 92 will move the switch rod toward the right. This will cause the arm 101 to open the switch 51, against the action of the spring 102. The opening of the switch 51 will interrupt the circuit of the electro- magnets 48 and 49, whereupon the motor 37 will be cut off from its source of power and the solenoid 22 will be deenergized. The supply of fuel will stop and the damper will be closed.

A similar protective arrangement may be provided for the motor 37 and the electromagnetic switch 47. The ratchet wheel devices 103 and 104 are each similar to that shown in Fig.- 7 and are respectively provided with the heating elements 105 and 106. It should be particularly noted that these heating elements are in circuit with two different phases of the motor 37. When the electro-magnet 49 is energized, the switch arms 107, 108 and 109 are respectively connected to the contacts 110, 111 and 112. The supply mains 40, 41 and 42 will then be connected to the conductors 113, 114 and 115 which lead directly to the electric motor 37.

' right upon the the bar 117, but .indepen The heating elements 105 and 106 are in the conductors 114 and 115.

If the current in the conductor 114 should become excessive, the tripping device 103' will act to permit the spring 116 to move the bar 117 toward the right, thereby causing the arm 118 to 'open the switch 52 against the action of the spring 119.

The bar 117 is arranged to move toward the tripping of either of the devices 103 or 104. Therefore if either phase 114 or 115 becomes over-heated, the circuit of the electro- magnets 48 and 49 will be interrupted. If the device 103 releases the resilient pawl 120, the sprin 116 and 121 act to move the bar 117 towar the right and the arms 118 and 122 will open the switches 52 and 53. A fixed abutment 123 limits the movementof the bar 117 toward the right.

It should be particularly noted that the other resilient pawl 124 projects into a slot 125 in the bar 117, so as to provide lost motion for the springs 116 and 121, to move the bar 117 to the right when the device 103 trips and the device 104 still holds. If the device 103 holds and the device 104 trips, the springs 116 and 126 act to move the bar 117 toward the right, while the left hand end of the bar moves away from the pawl 120. The pawls 120 and 124 may be provided for sliding movements along guides in (paths parallel to p ent thereof, as

shown in Fig. 6 at 129 and 130, j v:

The bars 85 and 117 are provided with push buttons 127 ping devices may I Y may be only temporary and if 'so thej'soldeiwill automaticallybecome rehardenedto again hold tlfe ratchet wheels in position and consequently, when the bars 85andf11 areg moved back to their left handposition's, the automatic mechanism for controlling the pawls 84, 120 and 124 bebrou'ght into reengagement with the ratchet [wheels to be held thereby with the switches 51, 52fand, 53 in closed positions. p i

Obviously those skilled in the art may anake various changes in the detailand arrangement of parts withoutdeparting from the and i 128 so zthatithe .trip-' be reset. Theoverheatin'g spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the claims hereto appended and I wish therefore not to be restricted to the precise construction disclosed.

Having thus described and shown an embodiment of my invention what I desire to have secured by Letters Patent of the United States is 1. The combination with a heating unit comprising fuel supplying mechanism having an electric motor, of a damper, electro magnetic mechanism for operating said damper, a switch for controlling the suppl of current to said motor, a separate switc for controlling the supply of current to said electro-magnetic mechanism, electro-magnets connected in parallel for operating said switches, an automatic mercury switch for controlling said electro-magnets, and overload circuit breaking mechanism for interrupting the circuits of said electro-magnets upon over-load on the damper electro-magnetic mechanism or on the motor.

2. The combination with a heating unit comprising fuel supplying mechanism having a motor, of automatic means for controlling the operation of said motor, a damper, electro-magnetic mechanism for operating said damper, and circuit breaking mechanism 0 rable upon the current flow through said e ectro-magnetic mechanism exceeding a predetermined amount to cut ofi the current from the motor at the same time that the current is cut off from said electro-magnetic mechanism to effect discontinuance of iuel supply while said damper is in closed position.

( 3. The combination with a heating unit-i comprising fuel supplying mechanism having an electric motor, of a switch for controlling the supply of current to said motor, an electro-magnet for operating said switch, a

damper,

the supply of current to said electro-magnetic mechanism, an electro-magnet for said lastelectro-magnetic mechanism for op crating said'damper, a switch for controlling lm' named switch, conductors for connecting said switch electro-ma ets in parallel, an automatically operat switch connected to-said electro-magnets forcontrolling de-energization thereof simultaneously, and an overload circuit breaker comprising a switch for interelectro-magnets when the.current through said damper electro-magnetic mechanism exceeds a predetermined amount.

4, The combination with a heating unit, of

: same, and automatic draft regulating mechoperable in.;synchronism with said f automatic controlling mechanism and comfprisinga damper having a banked or closed rupting the supply of current to both of said m ing in operation and an intermediate or running position while the'heating unit is in operation.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification on this 8th day of September, A. D. 1930.

, HERMAN GOLDBERG.

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