US1821750A - Process of cracking oil - Google Patents

Description

Sept 1 1931 G. EGLoFF- PROCESS 0F CRACKING OIL original Filed ngc. 21, 1925 DOQ 9 D Patented Sept. l, 1931 UNITED STATES PATENT ol-lFlcE GUSTAV EGLOFF, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR TO UNIVERSAL OIL PRODUCTS COM.'-

PANY, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, A. CORPORATION OF SOUTH DAKOTA PROCESS OF CRACKINO- OIL Application. filed December 21, 1925, Serial No. 76,639. Renewed July 3, 1928.

This invention relates to improvements in process of cracklng o1l, and refers more particularly to that type of process in which.

cracking which is different from that of the other cuts, and the present invention Vis 15. adapted, vfor example, to crack kerosene or kerbsene and light gas oil, redux condensate, fuel oil and residuum obtained from the cracking process itself.' All these are preferably subjected to did'erent conditions of tem- 20 perature and pressure in the heating coil.

In order to more readily understand the.

invention I have shown the accompanying drawing, in which the single gure is a somewhat diagrammatic view, partly in side lele- 25 vation and partly in vertical section, of wanapparatus suitable for carrying out the present invention.

Referring to the drawing 1 designates a furnace in which are mounted coilsy2, 3, 4 30 and 5 Aadapted to respectively receive kerosene, redux condensate, fuel oil andr'esiduum. If desired the coils maybe mounted in separate furnaces so as to more accurately control their temperatures. By havi-fng them in separatefurnaces as stated, the temperature can be more accurately controlled. But for the purpose of illustration they are here shown in one. Kerosene or kerosene and gas oil, or special distillate bottoms are fed to 40 7 and delivered from the coil 2 to transfer line 8 having throttle valve 9 to the expansion chamber 10 at a temperature of, say, 1000 deg. F., and a pressure of 1200 pounds. Redux condensate is fed through line 11, pump 12 to the inlet side of the coil 3, and delivered through transfer line 13 having throttle valve 14 to the expansion chamber at a temperature of, 900 degree F., and a pressure of, say, 800 pounds. Fuel oil is the coil 2 by means of the pump 6 and line delivered by means of pump 15 and feed line 16 to the fuel oil coil 4, and thence through transfer line 17 having throttle valve 18 to the expansion chamber 10 at a temperature of, say, 850 deg. F., and a pressure of, say, 300 pounds. The residuum is delivered by means of line 19 and pump 20 to the inlet side of the coil 5, and then through transfer line 21 having throttle valve 22 to the expansion chamber 10 at a temperature of, say, 800 deg. F., and a pressure of, say, 250 pounds. This expansion chamber 10 may be insulated or it may be independently heated.

Vapors pass out of the top of expansion chamber through vapor pipe 23 having throttle valve 24 to the side of a dephlegmator 25. The top of the dephlegmator 25 is connected yby vapor pipe 26 having throttle valve 27 to condensor coil '28, thence to the top of receiver v.29. This receiver-29 has gas outlet pipei 30 controlled by throttle valve 31, and liquid draw-od pipe 32 controlled by valve 33. The lower end of the dephlegmator is connected by line 34 to the line 11.

If desired, more or less of any of the cuts of oil, including the residuum and the redux condensate, may be bypassed out of the system through thebypass pipes 35, 36, 37, 38 and 39 through thecontrol of suitable valves 40 and 41.

In carrying outthe process, the various cuts of oil including the redux and residuum, are

heated to the temperatures and subjected to 'the pressures heretofore described, and are delivered to the expansion chamber 10. They may all be delivered at different points in the expansion chamber or more or less adjacent to the same points. As the various cuts enter the expansion chamber 10 the temperatures of the various cuts will be equalized, thus the highest temperature cut tending to facili-tate the vaporization of the lower cuts which are at a less elevated temperature. The temperature of the dephlegmator 25 may be controlled by any one of the methods now well known to those skilled in the art. The temperature of the vaporsleaving the top of the expansion chamber may be, say,- 900 deg. F., but this temperature, or course, may be varied, as

Ymay the temperature at which the various cuts enter the expansion chamber as well as the pressure at which the cuts enter s'uch expansion chamber. i

That part of the system which is beyond the heating coils, to wit, beginnin with the expansion chamber is maintaine under a vacuum of, say, from 25 millimeters absolute pressure up. This is accomplished by connecting a suitable vacuum Ypump or battery7 of pumps 42 to the gas outletY pipe 3(7), or other portion of the system. Liquld may be drawn out of receiver while under such vacuum through the Vdrawof pum 43 and line 44 having control valve 45, as s own in drawing.

By means of this vacuum a maximum amount of the oil will be flashed into vapor in the expansion chamber and it Will be possible for the distillation to proceed under a lower temperature in the expansion chamber than were it underpressure in order to 'get theY same amount of vaporization. However, by holding the temperature in the expansion chamber so that the vapors leave the expansion chamber at, say, 900 deg. F., while maintaining a vacuum on such expansion chamber, so much of thegloil in the expansion chamber will Hash into vapors asto in eEect leave nothing but a clean, dry coke in the expansion charnber. This, of course,I ma result in a very large amountef reflux; ensate, and it y be esirable torbypass .part of the reflux conr-YY densate, or treat it elsewhere. f' I claim as my invention:

1. A process of cracking petroleum oil, consisting in subjecting charging stock, residuum and reflux condensate separately and independently to such cracking conditions of temperature Vand pressure as are best suited for the conversion of the particular materials, deliveringthe same to a common expansion chamber, where the various constituentsare intermingled, takin off vapors, subjecting. l

them to reflux con ensation and returning the residuumV and reflux condensate formed in the process to be'again subjected to cracking conditions of temperature and pressure, and maintainin a vacuum on the contents of the expansion c amber.

2. A process as defined by claim 1 characterized 1n that the charging stock consists of n a light cut and a heavy cut which are separate- 1y heated to different degrees of temperature before they are delivered tol the expansion chamber.

GUSTAV

Images