US1819709A - Compressor mechanism - Google Patents

Description

Aug. '18, 1931. F. D. HOLDSWO'RTH COMPRESSOR MECHANISM Filed April 14, 1924 3 Sheets-Sheet, l

Aug. 18, 1931.

F. D. HOLDSWORTH COMPRESSOR MECHANISM- Filed April 14, 1924 3 Sheets-Sheet. 2

1931- F. D. HOLDSWORT-H 1,819,709 7 COMPRESSOR MECHANI Filed April 14, 1924 3-Sheets-Sheet, 3

- line 44 of Fig. 2.

" 1 n iS m-being oinitted.

Fig. 6 isv a longitudinal vertical section throughthe valve mechanismf Patented Aug. 18, 1931 "UNITED STATES N OFFICE" 1mm) 1). nornswon'rn, or enammon'r, NEW nmrsnmn; Assienon; 'ro SULLIVAN MACHINERY comrnnmn oonronn'rron or MASSACHUSETTS COMPRESSOR Application filed April 14,

able compressors, although the same ma be 1 used wherever it is desired to reduce vi ration to a-minimum. An object of the invention is to provide an improved portable compressor. Another object is to provide in general an improved portable I compressor and portable mounting lo therefor. A further object is toprovide an improved compressor mechanism having cooperating elements thereof so arranged that vibration will be reduced to a minimum. A further object is to provide a multi-cylinder compressor which is extremely compact. A

- further object is to provide an improved valve mechanism which is readily accessible, a still further object being to improved type of valve, parts 0 whichare held by exterior "means. A further object is to provide improved means for unloading the various cylinders ofthe compressor in steps to assist in reduction of vibration. A

further object is to provide an im roved oiling system for a compressor w ereby the bearings will be automatically oiled.-

In the accompanying drawings I haveshown for purposes of illustration one form which my invention may assume in practice.

In these drawings Fig. 1 is a plan view of the compressor supported upon a portable mounting, parts bein% omitted to facilitate illustration. ig. 2 is a side elevation of the same.-

I Fig. 3 is 'a vertical transverse sectional view, partially in elevation, taken on'li-ne 3-3 of Fig. -21 Fig. 4 is a'vertieal transverse-section on Fig. 5 is .a longitudinalvertical section on line 5 -5 of Fig. 4, part of the mecha- I Figs. 7. and 8 are-modified forms of 'com .pressors. I 1

" Fig.9 is atra'nsverseview taken on line Y 99' of Fig. 5, the details of which are ap-- 80 plicable to the various forms of unitsshownf rovide an 7 the compressor and engine to'be mnor'ulmsu 1924. Serial No.- 706,583.

Fig. 10 is anapproximate crank'efl'ort diagram, I

In my improved typeof portable co'm' pressor I provide a vehicle having a frame 1 mounted upon front steeringwheels and .rear wheels 2 and 3, respectively. 'Mounted within the forward portionof theframe 1 is a usual driving motor 4' having-all the 'accessories necessary for its normal operation but which need not be described here. Disposed to the rear of the engine A is my im} proved compressor-5, the crankshaft 6' of which is connected to the engine shaft 7 by. an improved form of flexible shaft connector 8shown in Fig. 5 ascomprising-anexternal gear in mesh with an internal gear connected respectively to the shafts 6 and- In order to further carry out the compact arrangement it is to be noted that the shaft connection 8 is disposed within a recess 23 of the flywheel, thereb allowing hrought exceedingly close-to each other. It is also to be noted that the flywheel has a cover 24, thereby giving full protection to the operator. 3' This connecting means will be more fully described later where the novelty of certain structure embodied therein will be more apparent.

fThe compressor which forms one phase of this invention comprisesa crank case 10 having a lower cover 11 with an oil reservoir 11 and oil pockets formed therein so-that the lubricant may be supplied to various vparts of the compressor, .as by the usual splash system. In portable compressor outfits there is. no fixed foundation and-hence it is highly desirable to provide a compressor in which vibration is reduced to a minimum; otherwise the whole outfit including the engine, frame and receiver will be shaken and. all the connections to these various elements 1 thereby loosened, thus lessening the life of the outfit as a whole In a stationar -out- I fit, the-z cooperating elements such as t e en'- gine and receiver would be mounted on heavy substantial supporting structures, and these supporting, structures would hold the engine and receiversteady, so that they would not w be materially afl'ected even by a compressor which might have considerable vibration. It is thus seen that the applicant has been confronted with a really serious problem. To overcome such defects I use a V-type -compressor having a plurality of cylinders 12,

herein four, twoof which are disposed on each side of a vertical plane passing through the crank shaft 6. Mounted within the cylinders are usual pistons 13 connected to crank shaft 6 as by connecting rods 14. As clearly shown in Fig. 5, cylinders lying in the same transverse plane have their connecting rods connected to the same crank of the crank shaft. Thus for a four-cylinder compressor a two-throw crank is all that is necessary. In order to further reduce vibration a compressor flywheel 15 is mounted on the rear end of crank shaft-6, while the engine flywheel 16 is disposed adjacent the front end of the compressor, thus acting as a flywheel for both the engine and the compressor. If the fly-' wheels were all located at the front of the compressor, the crank shaft would be subjected to greater torsion at the front end and would thus tend to throw the forward crank out of the plane in which the rear crank lies. When the two cranks are idle they lie in the same plane and hence balance each other. However, by the applicants construction any tendency to twist the cranks out of the same plane and thus cause vibration is reduced to a minimum because the energy stored in the rear flywheel will assist in rotating the crank shaft from the rear end during compressing action by the piston, thereby reducing the tendency for any wide range of torsion and thus keeping the cranks in as, near the same plane as'is possible. It is to be understood that when the cranks do not lie in the same plane the weight of the cranks do not balance eachother and thus set up serious vibration. A modified form of compressor is shown in Fig. 7, which like the V-type compressor, allows a dual function to be performedfnamely that of reducing vibration to a minimum and providing an exceedingly compact arrangement, thereby allowin ample overhead space within which auxiliary means may be disposed. Such an arrangement thus permits the many advantages before mentioned while at the same time not requiring any compressor capacity to be sacrificed. The compressor as shown is of the opposed cylinder type having cylinders 75, the pistons therein being driven by a four-throw crank shaft 76, thereby insuring perfect balance.

In order to adequately lubricate the bearings I have provided an improved'oiling system' which utilizes both a-splash and gravity vide a pocket 18 transversely disposed adjacent the upper portion of the flywheel where it will readily catch oil thrown off from the same. A reservoir 19 is disposed along the uppermost portion of the crank casing 10 and between the cylinders on the opposite sides, this reservoir having com-' plate 25 adapted to cover the upper end of the cylinders, and a casing 26 which has formed therein a longitudinal bore 27 and a chamber 28. The bore 27 and the chamber 28 are in. communication, a flange 29 being formed between the two. Passage. 30 opens out of bore 27 into the cylinder 12. Discharge chamber 32 leads out of chamber 28, and at its other end has connection with a receiver 33 as by a pipeconnection 34. The valve mechanism proper for controlling the flow from the cylinder comprises a valve cage 35 having a flange seated upon the flange 29 and ports 36 disposed therein. A valve 37 adapted to close and open the ports 36 is held in position by asuitable guard 38'which in turn is fixed to the cage 35 by suitable securing means. As shown, the guard is secured to the cage 35, and the whole is secured in position with .the flange seated upon the flange 29 by a nut and'bolt connection 39. The bolt is threaded into the cage 35 and also projects outwardly through an opening 40 in the rear wall of the casing 26. A nut 41 engages the outer end of the bolt 39 to hold the cage 35 in fixed relation to the flange29. Opposed to the cage 35 is a second cage 44 adapted to project inwardly of the bore 27 and held therein as by bolts or other suitable means, the valve 45, which is adapted to open and close the ports in the cage 44, be-

ing held in position by a guard 46 and nut and bolt connection 47. Means are provided for positively actuating the valves 45 so as to keep the ports open and thereby unload the compressor, this means comprising an out.- wardly extending member 50 having a chamber 51 therein which is alined with and has communication with the interior of the cage 44, and which has communication with the atmosphere as by ports 52. Projecting wlthin the member 50 is a cylinder member 55. Actuating fluid is delivered at suitable times by a pipe 60 to the interior of the cylinder member 55 to act upon a piston which is adapted to move longitudinally therein against the action of a spring. The stem 54 of the said piston carries a plurality of valve i engaging 53 of=-the usual type which pressure reaches a predetermined high value extend within the cage 44 to cooperate with the valves 45 in the manner specified above. The delivery of'actuating fluid to the cylinder member is controlled by a Judson valve '57 the well known function of which is to allow flow of fluid from the receiver to the unloading mechanism when receiver thereby to unload the compressor until the receiver pressure falls to a predetermined low value whereuponthe Judson valve allows re- 7 lease of the actuating pressure fluid for the unloading mechanism.

In rder to further reduce vibration, the

applicant proposes to use a novel unloading arrangement wherebytwo cylinders will be unloaded at a time, the position of the cylinders selected being such that the thrust on .the crankshaft due to compressing willbe kept at a minimum and distributed throughout the length of the crank shaft. To accomplish this, the applicant unloads both cylinderson one side of the longitudinal vertical planeand pumps with the cylinders on the other side. When it is desired to completely unload the compressor, the latter cylinders are then unloaded. This unloadin is accomplished b Judson valves 57 wh1ch.con-

uid to the cylinders 55 of the above named pair of cylinders 12 as by lpipes 60, flow of fluid to the Judson valves emg through a pipe .61 connected to the receiver '33. It is to be noted that the valve mechanism has its axis disposed in the same longitudinal plane as the motor which thereby. reduces the overall width of the compressor to a minimum.

It is to be noted that in my improved portable compressor I have provided an extremely -compact arrangement of all the elements. For instance, in Fig. 3 the gasoline tank or-other auxiliary apparatus, is disposed in a veryflow position over-the com-' pressor due to the V-type compressor. and within the vertical limits of the receiver 33. I-have also provided an arrangement whereby a relatively large'receiver may be used and i as yet which will -not'increase the overhead dimension, it being noted that the receiver 33 is fixedto angle irons 66 secured at one end to the frame 1' and at the other end to the receiver 33 intermediate its ends as by angle braces 67. Thus the top of the receiver is no higher than the uppermost point in the whole outfit which is a decided advantage, namely, that the portable outfit will not e topheavy and thus reduce vibration to a mlnimum. In order to provide the simplest form of iping between the compressor and receiver it will be noted that pipe 34 leading from each compressor 'block terminates in a common upwardly extending pipe 68 which has communication with the receiver as by a horizontal pipe 69.. The usual blowofi' tard movement of the crank shaft.

valve 70 extends upwardly from "68 in- 4 stead of being mounted on the-receiver. V This makes it unnecessary to drill additional holes within the receiver. It will herein be'noted that the wheeled truckl is provided with a suitable roof and side cover members housing the engine and compressor units and the associated mechanism. It is to be noted that the oilpassage 19, in the form of the compressor shown in Figures 5 and 7 comprises 'a channel 0 ening directly to the exterior and is covered 'y a transversely V-shaped plate 77 which can be held in position b an suitable means such as screws an ma e. leak-proof by any usual gasket means. In the modified form of the compressor shown in Fig. 8, the same has -vertlcally disposed cylinders. It has a flywheel disposed on the 'rear end of its crank shaft the same as the compressors shown 'in Figs. 5 and.7 so as to obtain the nicety of balance due to the particular dieiposition of the same relative to the engine In this modified form of the compressor, an oil pipe 78 will conduct the fluid from the reservoir 18 to the front. end of the com pressor instead of having a channel.

It is well .known that. in portable compressors vibration is very noticeable for there is no firm or fixed foundation, and hence it is ywheel 16. v

highly desirableto reduce. all causes for any tial force exerted on aicompressor crank will occur substantially when -a maximum tangential force is exerted on one of the engine, cranks caused by an explosion in the engine cylinder. In Fig. 10 the line 90 represents generally a crank effort diagram of one engine crank, it being notedthat durin com: pression of the fuel the line 90 will all below the zero line 91 and after it has reached the head-end dead center, an explosion will occur causing the tangential force upon the crank shaft to increase to a maximum andthen decrease as the same approaches its crank-- end dead center. The crank eflort diagram also generally indicates at 92 the tangential force'of acompressor crank and is shown as having a maximum crank e'fiort. at 93. It is to be noted that in the engine diagram that portion which extends above the zero line 91 will be of a positive driving nature, tending to turn the crankin one direction, while the porhe diagrams are placed on the'same side so as to tion of the compressor diagram disposed above the zero line 91 will be tendin to re- 1 show more clearly how the resisting and driving forces in the two crank shafts will rise and fall together. It has been discovered that by disposing the cranks of the engine shaft at an angle of approximately 90 with respect to the cranks of the compressor shaft, the maximum resisting force is offered by the compressor substantially simultaneously wheel and then the compressor shaft subjected to a high stress during com ressing action by the energy stored in the ywheel,

which operation would cause torsion in first one shaft and then 'the other, thus causing a very noticeable vibration. By my improved arrangement such disturbances are very noticeably diminished. It ,will of course be understood that my improved arrangement is particularly adapted for a one, two or four cylinder compressor, but would also be of ma terial advantage in other types. To make sure of obtaining the'proper angular relation of the compressor and engine crank shafts as required to accomplish my improved result,

I have shown improved means for ensuring such a relation. I

This means comprises the connection 8, as shown' in Fig. 5, this connection includes as one of'its members an internal gear 80 bolted to the flywheel 16 of the engine as by a plurality of equally spaced bolts 81 and a bolt 82 unequally spaced with respect to the other bolts. Hence the internal gear 80 can only have one position relative to the crank shaft 7 as it would be impossible to place said gear in another position. Disposed on the compressor crank shaft 6 is a spur gear 83 adapted to mesh with the internal gear 80. In order that the engine and compressor crank shafts .shall have only one possible angular relation for assembly, a pin 84 is positioned within a hole drilled in the spur gear between adjacent teeth, while one tooth'of the internal gear is cut out leaving a vacant space 85. Thus, in assembling these gears the'pin 84; will need to be positioned so as to come w1th1n the vacant space .85, and it will be noted that such position is the only one that it can have, for

.in attempting to cause the same to take any other position the pin 84 would engage one-of theinternal gear teeth. It will of course be understood that any number of difierent.

means may be employed to accomplish this same result, this disclosure herein forming only one of the several means.

While I have in this application specifical- 1y described three forms which my; invention may assume in practice, it will be understood that these forms of the same are shown for purposes of illustration and that the invention maybe modified and embodied in various other forms without departing. from its spirit or the scope of theappended claims.

What I claim as new and desireto secure by Letters Patent is r I 1. A portable compressor 111g an engine having a flywheel provided with an axially disposed recess, a compressor comprising a shaft, and flexible connecting means disposed within said recess for transmitting torque from the motor to the shaft of the compressor.

2. In a portable compressor outfit, in combination, an engine havingapower shaft, a compressor comprising a shaft disposed in alinement with said power shaft, and a combined flywheel and flexible coupling having members fixed to the adjacent ends ofsaid shafts, said combined flywheel and flexible coupling comprising a flywheel member provided with an axially disposed recess and a flexible coupling member secured thereto and disposed within said recess. I 3. portable compressor comprising a crank case, a crank shaft having bearings, angularly disposed cylinders with, pistons therein, a flywheel, a reservoir adjacent said flywheel to hold an initial supply of oil which surrounds said wheel and a second reservoir adapted to catchoil thrown up by said wheel, a chamber disposed in said crank case and having communication with said reservoir, and passage means between said angularly allow flow of oil thereto from said chamber. 4. A compressor mechanism comprising angularly disposed c linders and pistons, a

crank shaft. for drivlng said pistons, a fly-Y wheel on said crank shaft, a crank case formed with a reservoir ortion to hold an outfit comprisdisposed cylinders and leading from said, chamber near the bearings to be lubricated to from said basin portion to parts to be lubri- I "cated. I I I I I I 5. A compressor comprising a plurality of cylinders, reciprocable pistons cooperating therewith, a single crank shaft for causing reciprocation of said pistons, and unloading means for ,unloading the cylinders in 'sets so chosen that in the cycle of the said crank shaft the times of maximum compression of the cylinders selected for unloading are equally spaced. I I

6. A compressor comprising a plurality of angularly disposed cylinders, reciprocable pistons cooperating therewith, a single crank shaft for causing reciprocation of said pistons, and unloading means for unloading the cylinders in sets so chosen that in the cycle of the said crank shaft the times of maximum compression of the cylinders selected for-unloading are equally spaced.

7. A compressor comprising a angularly disposed cylinders and pistons, driving means therefor comprising a crank shaft and connecting rods for the pistons, a plurality of rods, being actuated by each. crank, and unloading means adapted to unload one set of cylinders at a time, a set including only one cylinder in driving relation with-each crank.

8. A compressor comprising a plurality of angularly. disposed cylinders, reciprocable pistons cooperating therewith, driving means therefor including driving connections for the pistons so arranged as to equalize the distribution of the impulses for the various pistons throughoutthe cyele of the driving with each cylinder, a connecting rod cooperating with each piston, a orank shaft having a crank for each group, the connecting 'rods cylinder of each group. plurality of 13'. A compressorcomprising a plurality of cylinders and, pistons, means for reciproeating said pistons in said cylinders comprising a crank shaft having its cranks disposed at an angle of 180 with respect to each other, a pair of said pistons being connected to each of said cranks, andunloading means adapted to unload, one cylinder. of each pair independently of unloading of the other cylinder of each pair.

Intcstimony whereof I affix my signature.

1 FRED D. HOLDSWORTH.

means, and unloading means for unloading the cylinders in sets so chosen that in the cycle of the said driving means the times of I maximum compression of the cylinders selected for unloading are equally spaced.

9. A portable compressor outfit comprising'a frame, an. engine disposed to the front end thereof having a crank shaft, a compressor also having a crank shaft and a plurality of angularly disposed cylinders, said crank shafts being in alinem'ent, a vertically disposed fluid storagetank carried intermediate its ends by said frame and to the rear of v and substantially in alinement with said compressor, and a'sec'ond fluid storage tank for said outfit disposed above said compressor and within substantially the vertical limits of said first fluid storage tank. I v10. In combination, a compressor and driving means therefor both of which have a crank shaft with relatively angularlydis-' posed crank arms, and means for correlating the said shafts so that the maximum tange'ntial forces on the respective shafts occur substantially simultaneously comprising connecting means'formed to have a single relation in which they can be assembled. i

11. The combination comprisin a com- T pressorhaving a crank shaft, a cylinder and a piston, and a reciprocating piston type of driving motor therefor having a crank shaft,

the crank arms of the respective shaftscon- .stituting driven and driving arms, and means for correlating the said shafts comprising connecting means formed with intermeshing portions, one of said portions preventing assembly of said connectlng means 1n other than a single relation. i 5

12. (A compressor comprising .a plurality of cylinders groupedinpairs, the cylinders of each pair being disposed with their longitudlnal axes at an angle,a piston cooperating

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