US1819702A - Engine piston - Google Patents

Description

G. DRAKE 1,819,702

ENGINE PISTON Filed April 8, 1930 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR George Bra/(e I BY A1 ATTORNEY 93 of the piston; and

Patented Aug; 18, 1931 c PATENT, "OFFICE" GEORGE DRAKE, F LINDEN, NEW JERSEY ENGINE ris'ron Application filed April 8,

This invention relates to pistons for en gines, such as internal combustion-motors and similar motors working under pressure,

the object of the invention being to produce a novel form of piston in the operation of which piston rings may be dispensed with.

It is also an object of the invention to provide a piston for engines by which the friction between the piston and the inner wall 1 of the engine piston is reduced to a minimum, in which also the possibilities for piston slap and for the scoring of the cylinder walls are divided.

'It is a further object of the invention to provide a piston which will increase the contact between the cylinder wall and the piston so as to bring about a high compression and expansion without any losses what ever and without any distortion of the cross section of the piston. V

1 With these and, otherobj ects in view which will be hereinafter apparent, the invention consists in the combination and arrangement of various parts as described belowand i1.-

' lust-rated in the accompanying drawings in which 7 Figure 1 is a front elevation of one for of my new piston; t V Figure 2 is a side elevation of the same;

Figure 3 is a vertical sectional view on line 3-3 of Figure 5;

Figure 4 is avertical sectional view on line 4-4 of Figure 5. r

Figure 5 is a top view of the pistonillus- 3'5 trated in Figures 1-4, with the deta'chably arranged head thereon;

Figure 6 is a top view of the samepiston with the head removed therefrom;

- Figure 7 is a perspective view of the head F gure 8 is a vertical sectional view, similar to Figure 4, of a piston having the wall arranged in a different way, but being'otherwise unchanged." 9

Like numerals denote like parts in figures.

Referring to the drawings the numeral 10 denotes a pressure receiving head consisting of a compression ring 11, having a slot 12cut in any suitable direction. -The upper part all 1930. Serial n 442,425;

of the compression ring 11 is reduced in its 11. An open framework 16, bent-in cylin- I drical fashion and open at its front, is rigidly secured to, or integrally connected with, the lower rim of the cylindrical part 11 and with the upper rim of a guide ring 17 having the same diameter as the compression ringll and provided with a split 18 arra'nged, as obvious from Figure 1, substantially perpendicularlybelow the split 12.

It will be noticed fromFigure 2 that th diameter of the cylinder formed by the open fra meworklti is slightlysmaller than that ofthe compression and guide'rings" 11 and 17 respectively, and that therefore, if in serted tightly into the cylinder '(not shown) of an explosive engine, the parts of the frame-work- 16 will not come into contact with the walls of aforesaid cylinden i In substantially themiddle of the piston wrist pin bearings19 andf20- are arranged oppositely to each other and equidistantly from the horizontal axis of the piston, both bearings 19 and 20 being integrally connected with the framework 16. c i l From Figure 1 and particularlyfrom Figure 2 it is apparent that the framework 16 is bent intocylindrical shape; there is, how ever, another relation established by the parts of this framework 16 insofar as the bearings 19 and 20 are concerned,because as seen'from the outside rim of these bearings 19 and 20, the parts of the framework, extending substantiallyradially from the rims of the bearing to the lower and upper rings 11 and "17, respectively, so as to "form with the outer rims of these journals a truncated cone and thus with aminimum' of material evenly support the respective parts, to which they are joined. I v

Figure 7 illustrates a dome-shaped annular plate 21 having a-curved, dome-shaped upper surface 22 and a prismatic body'23, having a concentric,,arc-shaped peripheral extension 24, which projects beyond theouter rim of the cylindrical body 11. An elastic double bent flat spring is secured at one end to the plate 21, at its under side in the middle of the same, while the free end depends and in its normal position presses against the inside wall of the framework 16, the point of contact being opposite to the split 12. v

From Figure 3 it is obvious that the domeshaped plate 21 rests safely upon the shoulder 13 all around the inner cylindrical "wall of the part 11 and even reaches into the groove 15, leaving in its normal position a small free space all around its edge and between the outer wall of the said groove 15' and, in this position the plate 21 is normally held by an arc-shaped spring 29interposed, in part in the groove 15, between said plate 21 and the peripheral extension 1 1, the spring 25 reaching almost all around the plate 21 terminating shortly onboth sides of the prism 23 projecting from the plate 21.

Furthermore the bearings 19 and 20 are rigidly connected with the main column 26 of the framework 16, by two horizontally disposed, arc- shaped ribs 27 and 28, respectively.

Figure 8illustrates a piston which in every .respect is the same as the one illustrated in Figures 1-7. Its diflerence from the other piston is best described by saying that the piston described above is cut int-wo parts by a horizontal section through its middle, that the lower section is turned. around 180 and then joinedagain to the upperhalf. This reversion of the lower half of the piston brings in the new form thus obtained thereby the split 18, of the lower cylindrical part 17, diagonally opposite to the split 18. 1

Furthermore, instead of having only one main column 26, asseen in Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4:, we have now two main columns 26 and 26 slightly longer than one half of column 26, on the right and left side, respectively of the new piston illustrated by Figure 8.

It is self-evident, that this new piston is open on the side where the splits 12 and 18 are located, i. e. at the upper left side below split 12 and above column 26, and at the right side above split 18 below the main colu1nn'26 Columns 26 and 26 are connected, with the apertures, serving as journalsfor the wristpins, by the ribs 31 and 32.

The prismatic body 23 couldof course not cover and could not protrude beyond the outer rim of the cylindrical part 11; unless on both sides of the split a recess was provided in the rim of the compression ring 11. It is of course necessary that the depth of this recess is not deeper than the thickness ofthe prismatic body 23, which substantially is that of the greatest thickness of the plate 21, that is at its center. I

Furthermore this recess 30 must not be wider than necessary to let the prismatic body 23 pass freely in the same and its position must be such that said prismatic body 23 covers the split 12.

In regard to the service and the operation of the piston I wish to say the following:

It is apparent from the sections of the compression ring 11, Figures 3 and 4, that the plate 21 rests fully all around upon the shoulder 13 and covers the split 12 so that the piston is fully covered at its upper part and assuming that, thermal expansion taken into consideration, it is in proper contact with the inside wall of the cylinder, proper compression of the gas mixture and expansion of the same after explosion is fully guaranteed. To insert the piston, as described above, into the cylinder of an engine, one has first, to push the prismatic body 23 so far inwardly that itvwill not obstruct any more the insertion of the piston. Thishaving, been accomplished the spring 25 constantly pushes the body 23 against the cylinder wall and thus guarantees that the opening of the split 12 is always fully covered so as to prevent the compressed or expanding gases from escaping without having given offrthe energy expected from them. Moreover, the arc-shaped spring 29 continuously =keeps down the plate 21 upon the shoulder 13 and its inwardly" disposed terminals,

pressing upon the plate 21, to assist the action of the spring 25 pressing the plate 21 towards the wall of the cylinder of the engine.

What I claim is:

1. In a piston of theclass described, the combination'comprising a pressure receiving head consisting of a split compression 'ring, and a horizontal plate slidably arranged in air-tight engagement with the said split compression ring.

2. In a piston of the class described, the combination of a pressure receiving head consisting of a split compression ring having in its upper inside wall an annular groove, a recess cut in the wall of said ring at the split and extending on both sides of the split and to the base of said annular groove, and

a'horizontal plate slidably arranged within and a horizontal plate slidably arranged Within the said annular roove and in airtlght engagement w th t e said split compression ring, said plate having an arcshaped peripheral extension protruding through said recess to the outer wall of said compression ring to seal the split in said compression ring.

4;. In a piston of the class described, the combination comprising a pressure receiving head consisting of a split compression ring having an annular groove in its upper inner wall, a recess cut in the wall of said compression ring at the split and extending on both sides of the split and to the base of said annular groove, a dome-shaped plate, having an arc-shaped peripheral extension protruding through said recess, slidably arranged in said annular groove, the said extension ex tending to the outer wall of said compression ring, and an arcuate elastic ring superimposed upon the said plate in the said annular groove adapted to maintain the said plate in air-tight engagement with the said split compression ring.

5. In a piston of the class described, the combination of a pressure receiving head consisting of a split compression ring having an annular groove cut in its upper inner wall, a recess cut in the wall of said ring at the split, a dome-shaped plate slidably arranged in said annular groove having an arc-shaped peripheral extension protruding through the sald recess to the outer periphery of said split compression rlng, an arcuate elastic ring superimposed upon said platein the said annular groove adapted to maintain the said plate in air-tight engagement with the said split compression ring, and a double bent flat spring secured at one end to the lower side of saiddome-shaped plate and having its other end'in engagement with a part of the piston to urge the said arc-shaped extension into sealing engagement with a cylinder wall.

6. In a piston of the class described, thecombination comprising a pressure receiving head consisting of a split compression ring, having an annular wall portion, and a substantially annular horizontal plate slidably arranged within and near the upper rim of the said annular wall portion, means for re taining said annular plate in air-tight engagement with said wall portion, an open framework integrally formed with the wall portion of said split compression ring at its upper end and having a split guide ring integrally formed at its lower end, said open framework being of less diameter than said compression or guide rings, and coaxially arranged wrist pin bearings formed in the said open framework and connected by integral struts to both the said split compression ring and the said split guide ring.

7. In a piston of the class described, the combination comprising a pressure receiving head consisting of a split compression ring the split and extending to the base of the said annular groove, a dome-shaped plate slidably arranged in the said annular groove having an arc-shaped peripheral extension protruding through the said recess to the outer periphery of said split compression ring, an arcuate elastic ring superimposed upon the said dome-shaped plate in the said annular groove adapted to maintain the said plate in air-tight engagement with the said split compression ring, a double bent flat spring secured at one end to the lower side of said dome-shaped plate and having its free end in engagement with a part of the piston opposite the split to urge the said arcshaped extension into sealing engagement with a cylinder wall, an open framework comprising the body of the piston integrally formed withthe said split compression ring and having a split guide ring at its lower extremity, and co-axially arranged wrist pin bearings formed in said open framework and connected by integral struts to both the said split compression and split guide rings.

8. In a piston of the class described, the combination comprising a pressure receiving head consisting of a'split compression ring having an annular groove formed in its upper inner wall, a recess cut in the wall of said split compression ring, at the split, and extending tothe base of said groove, a dome shaped plate slidably arranged in said annular groove having an arc-shaped peripheral extension protruding through said recess to the outer periphery of said wall, an arcuate elastic ring superimposed upon the" said dome-shaped plate in the said annular groove adapted to maintain the said plate in airtight engagement with the said split compression ring, a double bent fiat spring se-.

ings at its outer edges in cone-shaped fashion with the rim of both the said compression and guide rings with the splits in said rings vertically aligned with respect to each other.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand.

7 GEORGE DRAKE.

having an annular groove formed in its upper inner wall and a recess cut in the wall at

Images