US1816592A - Means to recuperate the atmospheric moisture - Google Patents

Means to recuperate the atmospheric moisture Download PDF

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US1816592A
US1816592A US235391A US23539127A US1816592A US 1816592 A US1816592 A US 1816592A US 235391 A US235391 A US 235391A US 23539127 A US23539127 A US 23539127A US 1816592 A US1816592 A US 1816592A
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walls
condensation
moisture
chamber
air
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US235391A
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Knapen Achille
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03BINSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
    • E03B3/00Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water
    • E03B3/28Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water from humid air
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use

Definitions

  • This invention relates to means for collecting atmospheric moisture by condensing the gaseous moisture carriedby warm air. It has for its purpose to provide, in the warm or desertic countries, atmospheric condensers adapted to be used as aerial wells. To this end, the atmospheric air is caused to circulate in a closed structure the inner walls ofwhich are coated with stones or other materials formingsharp edges and projections. Gaseous moisture and the water vapor contained in the air condenses on coming in contact with these sharp edges or angles, and deposits the water of condensation which accumulates in the form of drops, and is collected in a tank at the lower part of the construction.
  • My invention is based upon the well known phenomena of radiation of heat, that is, the law which states that bodies radiate and absorb heat simultaneously and con tinuously and when the radiation exceeds the absorption, the temperature of the body decreases, and vice versa.
  • the earth it is well known that during the night the surface cools'very rapidly due to the radiation of heat received fromthe sun during the day.
  • bodies which are on the surface of the earth are also lowered in temperature accordingly, and'it has been observed that the temperature of bodies in contact with the surface of the earth falls In consequence of this difference in temperature between the earth and the atmosphere, water vapor carried by the surrounding air is deposited on the ground and the bodies in contact therewith. These deposits of water constitute the dew.
  • channels are provided in a building nels 2 are provided, which are inclined from ground. These structures may be built with placed above a tank formed with a suitable material, such as ordinary stone or other material having substantially the same density and specific warmth as ordinary stone.
  • the channels are used as inlets and outlets.
  • the inlet channels are inclined from the exterior to the interior surface in order to aid the entrance of the air
  • the outlet channels are inclined from the interior to the exterior to aid the exhaust of the air after it has been conducted along the inner walls of the condensation room which are coated with sharp and vertically arranged edges so as to favour the condensation action.
  • Fig. 1 is a vertical cross section through a construction forming an aerial well and placed above a tank.
  • Figs. 2 and 3 show two other forms of embodiment of the invention.
  • the atmos-' pheric condenser comprises a construction extending upwardly above the ground and formed of any material, such as ordinary or artificial stones.
  • This construction may take the form of a circular, square, oval or pentagonal tower (Fig. 1), or of a cupola (Fig. 2), or an elongated form such as a stack or an elongated tumulus (Fig. 3).
  • the specific construction wi'll'depend upon the local climatic conditions.
  • chanthe outer to the inner surface.
  • -s1m1lar channels 3 are provided which are lnclined from the lnner to the outer surface.
  • the walls are covered or coated with broken stones 4 or other material having sharp edges.
  • the lower part of the room 5 has the shape of a funnel and communicates by meansof an' aperture 7 with a tank 8. In some cases the tank 8 is put under any available'means, or with stones gathcred-together on'the spot, on condition that,
  • the working 1 s the following:
  • the warm air enters the condensation room 5 through theinlets 2.
  • the moisture contained in the air gathers and is condensed on the sharp edges 4 so that the drops fall into-the funnel 6 passing through the aperture 7 into the tank 8. It is obvious that thista-nk canbe provided with an over-flow pipeand a man-hole;
  • the dimensions of the outlet channels may be proportionately smaller than those of the inlet channels 2.
  • dams formed of plants, wind-screens ofdry stone, etc. may be established in order to avoid the gathering of the sand. Even when partly inthe sand, the aerial wells built according to this" invention continue to provide drinkable water;
  • An atmosphericair condenser comprising a building having acondensation chamber in the upper portion thereof and a moisture chamber below the condensation chamberin which the moisture deposited'bn the walls of the condensation chamber is collected, the walls of said building having air inlet and'outlet openings *throughthat portionthereof" constituting the walls of the condensation chamber, the inlet opieningsbeing inclined downwardly from the outer -'to the inner surface of the walls, a n'd the outlet openings being inclined downwardly from the inner to theouter surface of the-walls.
  • An atmospheric air condenser comprising building having a' 'condensatio'n chamber in the upper portion-thereof anda'moi'sture' chamber below thecondensation ch'am her in wliichthe moistu-re deposited drrthe
  • the thicknesses of the walls also dewalls of the condensation chamber is collected, the walls of said building having air inlet and outlet openings through that por: tion thereof constituting the walls of the condensation chamber, the inlet openings being near the top of the condensation chamber and being inclined downwardly from the outer to the inner surface'of the walls, and the outlet openings being at the bottom of the condensation chamber and being inclined downwardly from the inner to the outer surface of the walls.
  • An'a'tmosph'eric air condenser comprising a building having a condensation chamber in the upper portion thereof and a moisture chamber; below the condensation chamber in-which the moisture deposited on the walls ofthe condensation cham ber is collected, the walls of said building having air inlet and 1 outlet openings through? that portion thereof-constituting the walls of the condensationchamber, and ai-partition wall between the condensation chamber and the moisture chamber having an opening through the center thereof, the llp-i' per s'urfaceof said partition' wall-being'inclinedtoward the opening therethrough.
  • An-atmosp'heric air condenser comprising a'building havinga condensation chamber in the upper portion thereof,.- the inner surface of the walls of which are coated with sharp and vertically arrangeiiledges and a moisture. chamber below said condensation chamber'in' which the moisture deposited on the inner surfaceof-the'walls of with sharp and" vertically arranged edges 4 and a mixture chamber below said 1 condensation 1n which'the'moisture deposited-on '-the' inner surfac'eof the walls of the condensation chamber isc'ollect'ed; said condensation chamber being below the surface of the earth, the walls of saidbuil'ding having air inlet and outlet openi s through that portion thereof constituting the walls of the condensation chamber.

Description

July 28, 1931.
A. KNAPEN 1,816,592
MEANS TO RECUPE IRATE THE ATMOSPHERIC MOISTURE Filed Nov. 25. 1927 I' V i y 7197. 1.
ii ii. i k '2 l i Inventor;
.belowfthat of the atmosphere.
Patented July 28, 1931 UNITED STATES AQHILLE KNAIPEN, 0F BRUSSELS, BELGIUM MEANS TO REGUPERA'IE THE ATMOSPHERIC MOISTURE.
Application filed November 23, 1927, Serial No. 235391, and in Belgium November 24, 1926.
This invention relates to means for collecting atmospheric moisture by condensing the gaseous moisture carriedby warm air. It has for its purpose to provide, in the warm or desertic countries, atmospheric condensers adapted to be used as aerial wells. To this end, the atmospheric air is caused to circulate in a closed structure the inner walls ofwhich are coated with stones or other materials formingsharp edges and projections. Gaseous moisture and the water vapor contained in the air condenses on coming in contact with these sharp edges or angles, and deposits the water of condensation which accumulates in the form of drops, and is collected in a tank at the lower part of the construction.
My invention is based upon the well known phenomena of radiation of heat, that is, the law which states that bodies radiate and absorb heat simultaneously and con tinuously and when the radiation exceeds the absorption, the temperature of the body decreases, and vice versa. As'regards the earth, it is well known that during the night the surface cools'very rapidly due to the radiation of heat received fromthe sun during the day. Furthermore, bodies which are on the surface of the earth arealso lowered in temperature accordingly, and'it has been observed that the temperature of bodies in contact with the surface of the earth falls In consequence of this difference in temperature between the earth and the atmosphere, water vapor carried by the surrounding air is deposited on the ground and the bodies in contact therewith. These deposits of water constitute the dew. It has also been observed that the sharp edges of materials having a prismatic configuration such as ordinary broken stone or burnt earth reach their dew point well before the entire mass and the gaseous moisture or water vapor contained in the air in contact with these sharp edges or angles deposit their water of condensation as soon as they have reached their dew point.
In the practical embodiment of the in vention, channels are provided in a building nels 2 are provided, which are inclined from ground. These structures may be built with placed above a tank formed with a suitable material, such as ordinary stone or other material having substantially the same density and specific warmth as ordinary stone. The channels are used as inlets and outlets. The inlet channels are inclined from the exterior to the interior surface in order to aid the entrance of the air, and the outlet channels are inclined from the interior to the exterior to aid the exhaust of the air after it has been conducted along the inner walls of the condensation room which are coated with sharp and vertically arranged edges so as to favour the condensation action. I
The annexed drawing shows,- by way of. example, an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 1 is a vertical cross section through a construction forming an aerial well and placed above a tank.
Figs. 2 and 3 show two other forms of embodiment of the invention.
As shown on those figures, the atmos-' pheric condenser comprises a construction extending upwardly above the ground and formed of any material, such as ordinary or artificial stones. This construction may take the form of a circular, square, oval or pentagonal tower (Fig. 1), or of a cupola (Fig. 2), or an elongated form such as a stack or an elongated tumulus (Fig. 3). The specific construction wi'll'depend upon the local climatic conditions.
In the upper portion of the walls, chanthe outer to the inner surface. In the lower half,-s1m1lar channels 3 are provided which are lnclined from the lnner to the outer surface. The walls are covered or coated with broken stones 4 or other material having sharp edges. The lower part of the room 5 has the shape of a funnel and communicates by meansof an' aperture 7 with a tank 8. In some cases the tank 8 is put under any available'means, or with stones gathcred-together on'the spot, on condition that,
if they are composed vofpebbles or round stones, the pebbles or stones will be broken to coat the inner wall of the condensation the local climate, so as to=liave the reatest possible calorificinertia,
The working 1s the following: The warm air enters the condensation room 5 through theinlets 2. The moisture contained in the air gathers and is condensed on the sharp edges 4 so that the drops fall into-the funnel 6 passing through the aperture 7 into the tank 8. It is obvious that thista-nk canbe provided with an over-flow pipeand a man-hole;
After circulating in the condensation room 5, theair, separated from its moisture by the cooling action of the walls, escapes through the lower channels 3 arranged in one or more rows, depending upon the predominating winds, in the" lower half of the aerial: well 1. I
The dimensions of the outlet channels may be proportionately smaller than those of the inlet channels 2. Experiments have shown that, in view of the action of the sharp edges'ofthe materialswhich are used, as indicated, hereabove, the condensation is sufiicient, to produce inthe tank'8 a suitable accumulation of water,- so that the building constitutes in reality anaerialwe-ll for the production of areserve of water.
In sandy countries, deserts and the like, dams formed of plants, wind-screens ofdry stone, etc., may be established in order to avoid the gathering of the sand. Even when partly inthe sand, the aerial wells built according to this" invention continue to provide drinkable water;
I claim:
I. An atmosphericair condensercomprising a building having acondensation chamber in the upper portion thereof and a moisture chamber below the condensation chamberin which the moisture deposited'bn the walls of the condensation chamber is collected, the walls of said building having air inlet and'outlet openings *throughthat portionthereof" constituting the walls of the condensation chamber, the inlet opieningsbeing inclined downwardly from the outer -'to the inner surface of the walls, a n'd the outlet openings being inclined downwardly from the inner to theouter surface of the-walls.
2. An atmospheric air condenser comprising building having a' 'condensatio'n chamber in the upper portion-thereof anda'moi'sture' chamber below thecondensation ch'am her in wliichthe moistu-re deposited drrthe The thicknesses of the walls also dewalls of the condensation chamber is collected, the walls of said building having air inlet and outlet openings through that por: tion thereof constituting the walls of the condensation chamber, the inlet openings being near the top of the condensation chamber and being inclined downwardly from the outer to the inner surface'of the walls, and the outlet openings being at the bottom of the condensation chamber and being inclined downwardly from the inner to the outer surface of the walls. I
An'a'tmosph'eric air condenser comprising a building having a condensation chamber in the upper portion thereof and a moisture chamber; below the condensation chamber in-which the moisture deposited on the walls ofthe condensation cham ber is collected, the walls of said building having air inlet and 1 outlet openings through? that portion thereof-constituting the walls of the condensationchamber, and ai-partition wall between the condensation chamber and the moisture chamber having an opening through the center thereof, the llp-i' per s'urfaceof said partition' wall-being'inclinedtoward the opening therethrough.
4." An-atmosp'heric air condenser comprising a'building havinga condensation chamber in the upper portion thereof,.- the inner surface of the walls of which are coated with sharp and vertically arrangeiiledges and a moisture. chamber below said condensation chamber'in' which the moisture deposited on the inner surfaceof-the'walls of with sharp and" vertically arranged edges 4 and a mixture chamber below said 1 condensation 1n which'the'moisture deposited-on '-the' inner surfac'eof the walls of the condensation chamber isc'ollect'ed; said condensation chamber being below the surface of the earth, the walls of saidbuil'ding having air inlet and outlet openi s through that portion thereof constituting the walls of the condensation chamber.
In testimony whereof I have aflixed my signature; I
, ACHILEE-KNAPENQ
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Cited By (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3270515A (en) * 1965-08-09 1966-09-06 Melpar Inc Dew collecting method and apparatus
US3318107A (en) * 1965-08-11 1967-05-09 Melpar Inc Dew collecting method and apparatus
US4442887A (en) * 1979-07-02 1984-04-17 Anderson Max F Apparatus for harnessing wave motion and solar energy and coriolis acceleration of nature for solar distillation use
US4726817A (en) * 1985-01-23 1988-02-23 Rippert Roger Method and device for recovering in liquid form the water present in the atmosphere in vapor form
ES2163340A1 (en) * 1998-07-02 2002-01-16 Van Weezel Daniel Campagne Device to speed up natural condensation.
US6574979B2 (en) 2000-07-27 2003-06-10 Fakieh Research & Development Production of potable water and freshwater needs for human, animal and plants from hot and humid air
US20090072537A1 (en) * 2007-09-14 2009-03-19 Vidmar Robert J System and method for converting moist air into water and power
US20090293513A1 (en) * 2008-05-28 2009-12-03 Sullivan Shaun E Machines and Methods for Removing Water From Air
CN105239631A (en) * 2015-11-05 2016-01-13 江苏东珠景观股份有限公司 Rainwater collector
CN105275051A (en) * 2015-09-11 2016-01-27 武汉大学 Air condensed water collector
US20160160477A1 (en) * 2014-12-09 2016-06-09 Yanming Wei System and method to scavenge latent heat and freshwater from air and more
WO2019059960A3 (en) * 2017-09-22 2019-05-16 Jiang Kai Deserts' water generation theory and its principle application — an easy way to obtain freshwater from the atmosphere
US10632416B2 (en) 2016-05-20 2020-04-28 Zero Mass Water, Inc. Systems and methods for water extraction control
US10835861B2 (en) 2014-11-20 2020-11-17 Arizona Board Of Regents On Behalf Of Arizona State University Systems and methods for generating liquid water from air
US11159123B2 (en) 2016-04-07 2021-10-26 Source Global, PBC Solar thermal unit
US11281997B2 (en) 2017-12-06 2022-03-22 Source Global, PBC Systems for constructing hierarchical training data sets for use with machine-learning and related methods therefor
US11359356B2 (en) 2017-09-05 2022-06-14 Source Global, PBC Systems and methods for managing production and distribution of liquid water extracted from air
US11384517B2 (en) 2017-09-05 2022-07-12 Source Global, PBC Systems and methods to produce liquid water extracted from air
US11414843B2 (en) 2019-04-22 2022-08-16 Source Global, PBC Thermal desiccant systems and methods for generating liquid water
US11447407B2 (en) 2017-07-14 2022-09-20 Source Global, PBC Systems for controlled treatment of water with ozone and related methods therefor
US11555421B2 (en) 2017-10-06 2023-01-17 Source Global, PBC Systems for generating water with waste heat and related methods therefor
US11607644B2 (en) 2018-05-11 2023-03-21 Source Global, PBC Systems for generating water using exogenously generated heat, exogenously generated electricity, and exhaust process fluids and related methods therefor
US11814820B2 (en) 2021-01-19 2023-11-14 Source Global, PBC Systems and methods for generating water from air
US11913903B1 (en) 2018-10-22 2024-02-27 Source Global, PBC Systems and methods for testing and measuring compounds

Cited By (32)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3270515A (en) * 1965-08-09 1966-09-06 Melpar Inc Dew collecting method and apparatus
US3318107A (en) * 1965-08-11 1967-05-09 Melpar Inc Dew collecting method and apparatus
US4442887A (en) * 1979-07-02 1984-04-17 Anderson Max F Apparatus for harnessing wave motion and solar energy and coriolis acceleration of nature for solar distillation use
US4726817A (en) * 1985-01-23 1988-02-23 Rippert Roger Method and device for recovering in liquid form the water present in the atmosphere in vapor form
ES2163340A1 (en) * 1998-07-02 2002-01-16 Van Weezel Daniel Campagne Device to speed up natural condensation.
US6574979B2 (en) 2000-07-27 2003-06-10 Fakieh Research & Development Production of potable water and freshwater needs for human, animal and plants from hot and humid air
US6868690B2 (en) 2000-07-27 2005-03-22 Fakieh Research & Development Production of potable water and freshwater needs for human, animal and plants from hot and humid air
US20090072537A1 (en) * 2007-09-14 2009-03-19 Vidmar Robert J System and method for converting moist air into water and power
US8028527B2 (en) 2007-09-14 2011-10-04 Robert Joseph Vidmar System and method for converting moist air into water and power
US20090293513A1 (en) * 2008-05-28 2009-12-03 Sullivan Shaun E Machines and Methods for Removing Water From Air
US7886547B2 (en) 2008-05-28 2011-02-15 Sullivan Shaun E Machines and methods for removing water from air
US10835861B2 (en) 2014-11-20 2020-11-17 Arizona Board Of Regents On Behalf Of Arizona State University Systems and methods for generating liquid water from air
US11707710B2 (en) 2014-11-20 2023-07-25 Arizona Board Of Regents On Behalf Of Arizona State University Systems and methods for generating liquid water from air
US20160160477A1 (en) * 2014-12-09 2016-06-09 Yanming Wei System and method to scavenge latent heat and freshwater from air and more
CN105275051A (en) * 2015-09-11 2016-01-27 武汉大学 Air condensed water collector
CN105239631A (en) * 2015-11-05 2016-01-13 江苏东珠景观股份有限公司 Rainwater collector
US11159123B2 (en) 2016-04-07 2021-10-26 Source Global, PBC Solar thermal unit
US10632416B2 (en) 2016-05-20 2020-04-28 Zero Mass Water, Inc. Systems and methods for water extraction control
US11266944B2 (en) 2016-05-20 2022-03-08 Source Global, PBC Systems and methods for water extraction control
US11858835B2 (en) 2017-07-14 2024-01-02 Source Global, PBC Systems for controlled treatment of water with ozone and related methods therefor
US11447407B2 (en) 2017-07-14 2022-09-20 Source Global, PBC Systems for controlled treatment of water with ozone and related methods therefor
US11359356B2 (en) 2017-09-05 2022-06-14 Source Global, PBC Systems and methods for managing production and distribution of liquid water extracted from air
US11384517B2 (en) 2017-09-05 2022-07-12 Source Global, PBC Systems and methods to produce liquid water extracted from air
US11859372B2 (en) 2017-09-05 2024-01-02 Source Global, PBC Systems and methods to produce liquid water extracted from air
WO2019059960A3 (en) * 2017-09-22 2019-05-16 Jiang Kai Deserts' water generation theory and its principle application — an easy way to obtain freshwater from the atmosphere
US11555421B2 (en) 2017-10-06 2023-01-17 Source Global, PBC Systems for generating water with waste heat and related methods therefor
US11900226B2 (en) 2017-12-06 2024-02-13 Source Global, PBC Systems for constructing hierarchical training data sets for use with machine-learning and related methods therefor
US11281997B2 (en) 2017-12-06 2022-03-22 Source Global, PBC Systems for constructing hierarchical training data sets for use with machine-learning and related methods therefor
US11607644B2 (en) 2018-05-11 2023-03-21 Source Global, PBC Systems for generating water using exogenously generated heat, exogenously generated electricity, and exhaust process fluids and related methods therefor
US11913903B1 (en) 2018-10-22 2024-02-27 Source Global, PBC Systems and methods for testing and measuring compounds
US11414843B2 (en) 2019-04-22 2022-08-16 Source Global, PBC Thermal desiccant systems and methods for generating liquid water
US11814820B2 (en) 2021-01-19 2023-11-14 Source Global, PBC Systems and methods for generating water from air

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