US1810173A

US1810173A - Casting machine

Info

Publication number: US1810173A
Application number: US376551A
Authority: US
Inventors: Max O Held
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1929-07-08
Filing date: 1929-07-08
Publication date: 1931-06-16
Anticipated expiration: 1948-06-16

Description

Filed July 8, 1929 '7 Sheets-Sheet 1 A TTORNE M. O. HELD CASTING MACHINE June 16, 1931,

Filed July's, 1929 7Shee1;s-Sheet 2 VV/fNESSES A TT'ORNE y MN n RN my JAEIIHIFC June 16, 1931. M. o. HELD CASTING MACHINE Filed July 8, 1929 ATTORNE June 16, 1931. O D i,31@,1?3

CASTING MACHINE Filed July 8, 1929 7 Sheets-Sheet 4 M. O. HELD CASTING MACHINE June 1 6, 1931.

Filed July 8; 1929 7 Sheets-Sheet 6 W/ Wye-5555 M. o. HELD CASTING MACHINE June 16, 1931.

Filed July 8, 1929 '7 Sheets-Sheet '7 Patented June 16, 1931- UNITED STATES max 0. HELD, or MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN CASTING MACHINE Application filed July 8,

The invention relates to casting machines of the type in which molten metal or the like is forced under pressure into molds. or dies.

An object of the invention is to provide a v casting machine which is of simple and durable construction'and which is capable of producing die castings in a relatively rapid manner.

Another object of the inventionis to so construct a casting machine which is reliable in operation and which can be readily adjusted to suit varying conditions occurring in practice.

A further object of the invention is to 5 provide a casting machine including a cylinder disposed in a bath of molten metaland receiving a piston for forcing molten metal to molding dies, the piston being so related to the cylinder as to avoid jamming of the parts incident to cooling of the molten metal, and

the cylinder and piston being readily removp able from the bath to facilitate inspection, re-

pairs and replacements.

A further object is to provide a casting machine including movably mounted separable molding dies and locking means for the dies by which the dies are firmly held together during the application of molten metal under pressure thereto and during a portion of the travel of the dies.

A further object is to provide a casting machine in which the dies are equipped with automatically-operated cores for the production of complicated castings. I

A further object of the invention is to provide improvements on the type-of casting machine shown in United States Letters Patent No. 1,318,558, issued to me on October 14;,

A further object'of the invention is to perfect details of construction generally.

The invention further consists in the several "features hereinafter set forth and more particularly defined by the annexed claims.

In the accompanying drawings, Fig. 1 is a side elevation of a casting machine embodying the invention;

Fig. 2-is a top plan view thereof, parts being broken away and parts being shown to in section; I

1929. Serial No. 376,551.

1 Fig. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view thereof taken on the line 33 of Fig. 2;

Fi 4 is a transverse sectional View thereof ta en along the line 4-4 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 5 is a detail sectional view taken generally along the line 5-5 of Fig. 1 and showing the dies closed;

Fig. 6 is a view similzir to Fig. 5 but showing the dies open;

Fig. 7 is a detail side elevation of the dieoperating mechanism, the dies being shown in open position, and parts being broken away and parts being shown in section;

Fig. 8 is a detail longitudinal sectional View of a cylinder forming part of the machine;

- Fig. 9 is a detail plan view of a piston for use in the cylinder, and

Fig. 10 is a detail transverse sectional view of the cylinder, showing the rear end of the iston therein. v In these drawings, the numeral 10 designates a rectangular frame including spaced side and end walls and provided with supporting legs 11. The frame 10 includes a 7 transversely-extending partition 12 which forms an end wall of a heating chamber 13 disposed within the frame, the heating chamber having a suitable lining 14: of re. fractory material.

A melting pot 15 is supported within the heating chamber to receive molding metal and is heated by means of one or more burners 16 of suitable construction for melting the metal in the meltingpot and maintaining the metal in molten condition. The meltingpot may be supported in place in any suitable manner and in the present instance is shown to have flanged upper portions which are secured to the frame 10 by screws 17. A removable cover plate 15"may be mounted above the melting pot. The melting pot preferably converges downwardly in cross-section, as seen in Figs. 3 and A, to present a longitudinally extending trough along its bottom portions.

An upturned elbow-shaped nozzle 18 is secured to one end of the melting pot, preferably at some distance above the bottom wall of the pot. As shown, the nozzle is a 1.0a

separate member screwed onto the melting pot but in some instancesit may be formed integral with the melting pot. A burner 16 is provided for heating the nozzle to avoid cooling ofthe molten metal therein.

The portion of the nozzle attached to the melting. pot is provided with a bevelled seat 19, which. receives thereagainst'the bevelled end of a horizontally-disposed cylinder 20, the other end of the cylinder being provided with a removable cap 21 against which bears a clamping screw 22 threaded in the adjacent end wall of the melting pot. The screw 22 is engaged by an extension rod 23 projecting froman'end wall of the frame 10: in order that the screw ma be conveniently turned to clamp the cylin er in place or to release the cylinder, as hereinafter described. A piston 24 is mounted for reciprocating movement in the cylinder 20 and is provided with a peripherally grooved head 25 secured in place by a bolt 26, there beingnarrow ridges 25 formed about the head. The piston head 25 has a close working fit in that portion of the cylinder toward the nozzle 18, but when the piston is disposed in the retracted position seen in Fig. 3, it rests within an enlarged bore 27 formed in the cylinder to avoid sticking of the piston head to the cylinder under certain conditions of operation, as hereinafter described. The sur'laceot the piston 24 is recessed and is provided with longitudinally extending ribs 24. A slotlike opening 28 is formed along the upper wall of the cylinder adjacent the enlarged bore 27 to permit molten metal to enter the cylinder and one or p more openings or ports 29 are formed in the metal within the valve.

lower wall'oi' the cylinder for the same purpose and also for permitting the cylinder and its commuicating nozzle to be completely drained when the molten metalis removed from the melting pot. To permit drainage of the molten metal from the melting pot, a valve 7 30 of the rotatable plug type is secured to the lower wall of the potand is provided in both ts body and plug with a downwardly-diverging discharge opening 31 to avoid retention of A removable extension handle 30 shown by dotted lines in Fig. 4, may be used to operate the valve.

receptacle 32 is disposed below the melting pot to receive metal dumped from the pot and is provided with a plurality of par titions 33 forming ingot molds, the partitions being preferably notched at their upper edges. The receptacle 32 has hinge connectlons 34 at one side to the lower ortions of the frame 10 andthe other side 0 the receptacle is normally engaged by rotatablymounted latches 35 carried on the frame. A

chain handle 36 is secured to the hinged re- 7 ceptacle to facilitate the raising and loweringof the receptacle.

The piston 24 in the piylinder 20 is provided with a vertically-exten ing opening 37 which receives therein a depending pin 38 carried on a bracket 39 which is detachably secured to one endof a horizontally-disposed rack bar 40 slidably mounted for reciprocatory movement in a bearing member 41. The lower portions of the bracket 39 are preferably of diamond shape or other suitable crosssection in order to reduce resistance to its reciprocatory movement in the molten metal. A horizontally-disposed shaft 42 is journalled in the bearing member 41 to extend transversely of the rack bar and carries a pinion 43 meshing with the teeth on the rack bar 40. end of the shaft 42 and meshes with a chain 45. ()ne end'of the chain 45 is secured to a bar 46 pivotally connected to a clamp 47 adjustably secured on .a hand lever 48 which is pivotally mounted at its lower end on a bracket 49 secured to one of the frame legs 11. An idler sheave 50 is mounted on the frame 10 to guide portions of the chain 45 below the sprocket 44 in order to insure the retention of the chain on. the sprocket. Another sprocket 5l is secured to the shaft 42 and meshes with a chain 52, one flight of which passes over an idler shear/e53 carried on a shaft 54 journalled in the frame 10, while the other flight of the chain passes over a similar idler sheave 55 carried ona shaft 56 journalled in the frame. The flight of the chain 52passing over the sheave 53 carries a A sprocket 44 is carried on one weight 5? atits lower end which acts to rotate I the shaft 42-for moving the rack bar and its connected piston 24 to their retracted positions. The other end of the chain 52 carries a small weight 58 which insures retention of the chain on the sprocket 51. The forward movement of the handle 48 by the operator serves to move the piston 24 in the cylinder 20 for urging molten metal under pressure into the nozzle 18, while the counter-weight 5'? serves to move the piston and its connected handle to their retracted positions. The retracting movement of the piston 24 and its connected rack bar 40 may be limited in any suitable manner and in the present instance this is accompli bed by placing a flan e 59 on the rack bar in position to engage the caring member 41. The adjustment of the clamp 47 on the handle 48 serves to change the effective leverage of the handle and also permits a variable travel of the piston 24 with a given travel of the handle.

The upper portions of the elbow-shaped nozzle 18 are provided with a flange 60 which rests on a supporting member 61 extending transversely above, and attached .to, the frame 10, the supporting member being laterally notched to receive the nozzle. A hollow tip 621s secured to the upper portions of the nozzle 18 and is provided with an-upwardly-converging conical opening 63. The upper end of the tip 62 is rounded and fits within a correspondmgly shaped socket in an fill!) the die shoes.

apertured metal bushing 64 which is fixed in the bottom wall of abox-like die .casing 65. Thedie casing 65 is hinged to the adjacent end of the-frame 10 b pivotal connections 66 so as to be capable o swinging away from the nozzle tip 62. Suitable clamps 67 serve to retain the die casing 65 in its operative position with the nozzle ti 62 fitting closely in the socket formed in t e bushing 64 carried by the diecasing. The die casing 65 is preferably rectangular in cross-section and is open at its sides and also along part of its top and bottom walls and at its outer end wall. Slidably fitting within the die casing for horizontal movement are a pair of

die shoes

68 and 69 which rest on the floor of the die casing and are held in working engagement therewith by a pair of guide strips 70 let into lon itudinally-extending grooves formed in the toprwall of the die casing and in he guide strips 70 are adjustable so as to bear evenly on the die shoes in their travel in the die casing by means of pairs of set screws 71, one set screw of each air bein threaded into the die casing to ear on the subjacent guide strip and the other being threaded in the guide strip and engaging its head against-the die casing.

The die shoes 68 and 69 are reciprocated within the die casing, the former travelling a greater distance than the latter. Complementary die l'ates 72 and 73 are secured to the adjacent acesof the die shoes 68 and 69, respectively, and are in face-to-face contact I when the die shoes are at their inner positions and'also' during'portions of the travel of the die shoes, as hereinafter described. When the abutting die plates are at their inner positions, the co-operating die cavities thereof are in position to communicate with an openmg; or ort 74 formed in the bushing 64, the upper ace-of this bushing being flush with the fioor of the die casing. In many instances the die cavities can be arranged for the simultaneous formation of a plurality of castings connected to the same sprue, from which the castings are later separated. The lower edge of the die plate 73 is preferably provided with a hardened metal insert 75 for cutting the-ingate or sprue, as hereinafter described. The die lates 72 and 73 preferably have passages 6 formed therein connected with pipes 77 through which cooling fluid is circulated for maintaining the die plates at an optimum temperature and for nsurin the rapid solidification of the metal in the die cavities.

Two pairs of spaced parallelrods78 pass through the end wall of the die casing 65 and also through the die shoes 68 and 69, the rods being slidably mounted in the die casing and in the die shoe 69 but being fixedly secured in the die shoe 68. The end portions of the rods passing through the die shoe 68 are reduced to form shoulders 79 against which the die shoe is clamped by nuts 80 threaded on the rods. 1 The outer portions of the rods 78 are threaded and each pair of vertically spaced rods are connected near their outer ends by spacer bars 81 adj ustably clamped to the rods by nuts 82. Other spacer bars 83 also connect the vertically spaced bars and are ads justably'clamped thereon by nuts 84.

Short rods 85 are disposed between the ver-' tically spaced rods. 78 and have their inner ends threaded into the die shoe 69-; The rods 85 are slidably mounted in the end wall of the die casing 65 and have reduced outer ends which are clamped by nuts 86 to the intermediate portions of vertically-extending spacer bars 87 having their opposite end portions slidably mounted on the rods 78. Toggle links 88 and 89 disposed adjacent each pair of rods 78 have their end portions pivotally connected to the mid portions of the spacer bars 83 and 87 by pivot bolts 90 and 91, respectively, for movement in a vertical plane, the toggle links being connected at their adjacent ends by a pivot bolt 92 to permit their upward movement. However, the adjacent ends of the toggle links 88 and 89 are provided with stop abutments 93 which prevent the downward movement of the toggle links beyond a position in which-these links are aligned with each other, as seen in 05 Fig.1. In this position ofthe links, the axe's of the

pivot bolts

90,91 and 92 lie substan- V tially in the same plane. With the toggle links 88 and 89 so aligned, thev nuts 84 en gaging the spacers 83 are adjusted to place the die plates 72 and 73 in'abutting position. The portions of the toggle links 89 adjacent the pivot bolts 91 are provided with downdardly inclined tongues 94 which have a cam engagement with the end wall of the die casing 65 to break the toggle joints formed by the toggle links 88 and 89, as hereinafter described, for permitting the die plates to separate.

The spacer bars 81 adjacent the outer ends F of the rods 7 8 carry brackets 95 at their intermediate portions, on which are mounted the opposite end portions of a transversely-extending rod 96. A sleeve 97 is journalled on the rod 96 against axial movement and is provided with a pair of spaced upwardly-opening sockets 98 fixedly receiving therein theend portions of a pair of spaced rods 99. Clamp members 100 are secured to intermediate portions of the rods 99 and are piv- 12o otally connected by links 101 to stationary extension arms 102 having an adjustable connection with supporting arms 103 secured to the upper portions of the die casing 65. To

prevent relative displacement of the arms'102 and 103, their abutting faces may be toothed or corrugated.

Clamp members 104 are adjustably secured to the upper portions of the rods 99 and have pivotal connections with the end por- 1 0 tions of a pair of bent links 105, the other end portions of the links 105 being pivotally connected to arms 106 carried on a shaft 107 journa-lled in bearings 108 on the die casing. An extended end of the shaft 107 has secured thereto a transversely-apertured hub 109 adjustably receiving therein a die operating lever 110. The hub 109 is preferably angularly adjustable on the shaft 107 to permit suitable positioning of the lever 110.

Brackets 111 are each mounted on the rods 99 above the clamp members 100 and carry depending rods 112 which are adapted to bear against the upper edges of the toggle links 88 when the die plates are in their abutting position. This relation serves to hold the toggle joints closed to thereby insure against separation of the die shoes when the molten metal is forced between them under pressure. The die operating lever 110 when swung forwardly from the position shown in Fig. 1 serves to rock the rods 99 which have floating pivotal connections on the links 101, and thus cause the lower ends of the rods to force the two pairs of rods 78 forwardly to move the die shoe 68 from the position shown in Fig. 3 to the position shown in Fig. 7, the die shoe 69 and its die plate being slidably mounted on the rods 78 are not affected directly by the movements thereof but are caused to travel a short distance with the other die shoe and its die plate through the closed toggle joints formed by the toggle links 88 and 89, the latter being mounted on the spacer bars 87 which are connected to the die shoe 69 by the short rods. 85. During the rocking'movement of the rods 99, the rods 112 secured thereto are lifted from the toggle links 88 to permit the toggle joints to be broken and thus permit the die shoes to be separated. To effect the breaking of the toggle joints, the tongues 9% on the toggle links 89 have a cam engagement with the end wall of the die casing during the travel of the rods 78, thus lifting the toggle links 89 and their connected toggle links 88 and permitting the continued travel of the rods 78 to the position "seen in Fig. 7. The

' spacer bars 87 by their engagement with the end wall of the die casing serve to arrest the movement of the die shoe 69 and the die plate mounted thereon. On the return movement of the die-operating lever, the die shoe 68 moves inwardly until the

die plates

72 and 78 engage, whereupon the die shoe 69 moves with the die shoe 68 to the innermost position seen in Fig. 3. The approaching movement of the die shoes 68 and 69 also serves to straighten the toggle joints, and the complete alignment of the toggle links is insured by.

the engagement of the rods 112 with the upper edges of the links 88.

The die plate 72 is provided with dowel pins 113 to enter bores in the die plate 73 in order to insure alignment of the die plates when they are in abutting position. A recess 114 is formed in the die plate 72 to receive molten metal from the ingate or sprue and to form a metal projection which will temporarily lock the ingate 0r sprue and connected castings to the die plate 72, thereby insuring the retention of the castings on the die plate surrounding the stud 118. The plate 119 car- 1 ries stripping or ejector pins 121 which are slidably mounted in bores formed in'the die plate 72 to dislodge. the casting assembly therefrom when the die plates are in their open position, as seen in Fig. 6. The stud 118 in its outward movement with the die shoe is adapted to engage the end of an adjustable set screw 122 secured tothe outer end wall of the die casing 65 to effect a relative movement between the die plate and stripping pins and thus eject the casting assembly. I

In order to permit the production of relatively complicated castings. without interfering with the rapid operation of the machine, a core arrangement is provided which will permit the formation of openings or recesses in various parts of the castings. A number of core pins 123 are fixedly secured in the die plate 72 as seen in Fig. 6 the casting assembly being removed from these core pins and from the die cavities by the action of the stripping pins 121. The die plate 78 has core pins or plungers 124 slidably mounted therein, the outer ends of the pins or plungers bein fixedly secured to a plate 125. A rod 126 is fixed to the plate 125 and is slidably mounted in a bar 127 secured transversely of the'apertured end wall of the die casing. The outer end of the rod 126 is threaded to receive a stop nut 128 which is retained in adjusted position by a lock nut 129. The stop nut 128 is engageable with the bar 127 when the dies are moved toward their separating position, the core pins or plungers 124: being stopped in their movement before the die plate 73 reaches its limit position, to thereby effect a relative withdrawal of the core pins or plungers with respect to the die plate. This relative withdrawal of the core pins or plungers 12% preferably takes place before the die plates separate in order to avoid possible damage to the castings and to avoid any possibility of the casting being retained on the die plate 73 rather'than on the die plate 72, as intended. Strike bolts 130 are adj ustably threaded in the bar 127 to engage the plate 125 when the dies are returning to their inner proper positions.

. pivotally mounted ona lever 140 secured to position, thereby acting to insure-the placement of the core pins or plungers 124 in their Tubular guides 131 are mounted in the die shoe 68 and associated die plate 72 and slidably receive therein core pins 132. In the present instance, the core pins 132 are shown to be horizontally disposed and to extend at right angles to the direction of travel of the die plates, although these pins and their guides may be otherwise disposed to suit the requirements of the castings. The tubular,

guides 131 for the core pins may be mounted in either of the die plates 72 or 73 but are shown in the drawing to be mounted in the die plate 72 and to enter recesses in the die plates 73 when the dies are closed, as seen in the position of Fig. 5. The core pins 132 at each side of the die shoe 68 include inner end portions which enter the die cavities and outer end portions which are fixedly connected by a strap 133. Each strap 133 is provided with a pair of outwardly-extending parallel bars 134 between which are mounted rollers 135 spaced longitudinally of the bars. A pair of spaced parallel horizontally-extending bars 136 are disposed at each side of the'die casing in substantially parallel relation to the direction of movement to the dies. The ends of the bars 136 adjacent the inner end of the diecasing are pivotally mounted on arms 137 each of which is secured to a vertically disposed shaft 138 journalled on vertical spaced bearing brackets 139 fixedly attachedto the side walls of the die casing.

The other ends of each pair of bars 136 are a vertically extending shaft 141 journalled in brackets 142 fixedly attached to the outer end wall of the die casing. The inner ends of the levers 140 may engage withfixed parts of the die casing to limit the swinging move- 145 are carried b the die shoe 68 to, project ments of the levers. The shafts 141 are surrounded by coiled springs 143 vstressedin torsion to urge the bars 136 to the. position seen in Fig. 5, in which these barslie closer to the die casing than in the position seen in Fig. 6. One of the bars 134 secured to the core pins 132 passes between the spaced bars 136, and the rollers 135 are engageable with the opposite edge portions of one of the bars 136.

A pin 144is fixedly secured to the bars 136 to.

extend therebetween and is enga eable by the bar 134 passing between the bars 136, to thereby insure that the core pins will be placed at their innermost positions when the die plates are'closed. A pair of bracket arms from opposite si es thereof and each bracket arm is provided with a roller 145 which is engageable with a cam shoe 146 carried on one of the bars 136 to urge, the bars 136 outwardly when the dies are moving outwardly and before the .dies are separated. This outward movement of the bars 136 serves to Withdraw the core-pins132 from the die cavity. K pin 147 is carried between each pair of seen in Fig. 6, thereby insuring the outward movement of the bars 136.

The floor of the die casing 65 is provided with an opening 148 through which the cast ings are'dropped from the dies, and an in-' clined' chute 149 is provided to conduct the finished castings away from the machine.

, In order to insure the proper operation of the machine and the production of sound castings, it is desirable to control the temperature of the molten metal within the melt ing pot and also the temperature of the die plates. This control can be facilitated by means of pyrometers (not shown) for indicating the temperatures of the melting pot and dies. For this purpose a thermo-couple rod 150 may be inserted into the melting pot, as indicated inFig. 3, and similar devices (pot shown) may be mounted on the die p ates.

In operating the machine, the operator stands adjacent the hand lever 48 and die operating lever 110. When the levers are arranged on the machine as shown in Fig. 1, the hand lever is grasped by the left hand of the operator, while the die-operating lever 110 is grasped by the right hand. When the operating parts are in the position seen in Fig. 1, the dies are closed and in register with the nozzle tip 62, and the piston 24is in the retracted position indicated in Fig. 3. The hand lever 48 is then pulled to force molten metal through the nozzle 18 and openin or port 74 in the floor of the die casing, w ich registers with the mold cavity formed'by'the matched dies. The molten metal thereupon enters all parts of the mold cavity under pressure where it quickly solidifies to form the casting or casting assembly. While the hand lever 48 is thus held to retain the molten metal in the nozzle under pressure, the dieoperating lever 110 is swung to move the closed dies outwardly away from the nozzle opening, whereupon the sprue is cut by the lower edge of the die plate 73. The hand lever-48 is now permitted to swingback to its original position to which it and the connected piston 24 is urged by the weight 57. Before the diesseparate, the end core pins 124 and the side core pins 132 are released from the castings, as hereinbefore described. Upon the continued movement of the dieoperating lever. v reach thepositions seenin Fig. 6. The travel of the die shoe 69 is so limited that it will not uncover the nozzle opening 74 in the bottom wall of the die casing." When the die" ing assembly from the die plate 72, the cast- 7 ing being conducted away from the machine bars 136 'to be engaged by the bars 134, as Y 110, the dies separate and possible cracking of the melting pot when the.

molten metal therein solidifies and when the solidified metal varies in temperature, it being noted that the solidified metal has an opportunity to expand or creep upwardly along the sloping walls of the pot. As seen in Fig. 4, the hot-metal-engaging walls of the pot have an average slope of approximately 45 and preferably not less than 60 from horizontal, so that differences in the coeflicicnt's of expansion of the walls and the solidified metal within the pet will not result in stressing of the walls, especially at a time when the solidified hot metal is expanding. The sloping walls of the pot also facilitate the heating of the metal within the pot. If the metal in the pot is required to be removed for an reason, this can be readily accomplishe by opening the dumping valve 30 to permit the molten metal to run into the receptacle 32 disposed below the pot. The metal after cooling in the receptacle 32 can be readily removed in the form of ingots of convenient size to handle.

The cylinder 20 is placed at an intermediate elevation in the metal bath in order to avoid the introduction of dross or slag therein and also to avoid thev entrance of particles of heavy foreign metal, which will sink to the bottom of the melting pot. To avoid loss of pressure in the cylinder 20, it is necessary that the piston head 25 have a fairly close working fit within the cylinder, but, if this close working fit is extended to the retracted position of the piston, the piston may become so tightly bound in place as to resist displacement even though the metal in the pot is in molten condition. However, this difficulty is avoided by providing liberal clearance about the piston head when the piston is in its retracted osition, although the piston has a close wor ing fit in its projected positions. Thisloose fit of the piston when in its retracted position also facilitates the relatively complete drainage of metal from the cylinder. The cylinder and piston can be readily removed for inspection, as hereinbefore noted.

The outer end wall of the die casing is made removable to facilitate the removal of the dies and the substitution of others, as conditions require. The dies are held in their abutting relation by the toggle devices including the toggle links 88 and 89, and these toggle devices are adjustable for accommodating different sets of dies. The operating linkage for the dies is so constructed that parts can be readily adjusted to place the dies in their'proper relation to the melting pot nozzle and to adjust the travel of the O stantially increasing the surface of the piston v in contact with the cylinder walls.

Vl hat I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. In a casting machine, the combination of a container for holding molten metal therein and including a side wall having a transverse passage through which molten metal is forced, a cylinder removably mounted within said container and having an end portion in register with said passage, means engageable with the opposite end portion of said cylinder for removably retaining said cylinder in communication with said passage, and a piston movably mounted within said cylinder for forcing molten metal into said passage.

2. lln a casting machine, the combination of a container for holding molten metal therein and including a side wall having a transfer passage through which molten metal is forced, a cylinder removably mounted within said container and having an end portion in register with said passage, a screw member extending within a side wall of said container oppositesaid passage and engageable with the end portion of said cylinder opposite said passage for removably retaining said cylinder in communication with said passage, and a piston movably mounted within said cylinder for forcing molten metal into said passage.

3. In a casting machine, the combination of a die casing having an opening through which molten metal may be forced, a pair of die members slidably mounted in said die casing and forming a mold cavity between them registrable' with said opening, rods connected with one of said die members and movably passing through the end of the die casing, rods connected to the other of said die members,-toggle joint means connecting said first-named rods and said last-named rods for holding said dies together, operating means connected with said first-named rods for moving said die members, and

means for automatically breaking said toggle joint means after a predetermined travel of said die members for permitting said die members to separate.

4:. In a casting machine, the combination a of a die casinghaving an opening through which molten metal may be forced, a pair of diemembers slidably mounted in said casing and when closed forming a mold cavity between them registrable with said opening,

toggle joint means operatively connected with said die members for holding them closed during a portion of their travel, operating means for moving said'die members, and means for breaking said toggle joint means after a predetermined travel of said closed die members to'permit said die members to separate.

5. In a castlng machine, the combination of a die casing having an opening through ,which molten metal may be forced, a pair of die members slidablymounted in said die casing and forming a mold cavity between them registrable with said opening, rods connected with one of said die members, rods connected to the other of saiddie members, toggle joint means connecting 4 said first- I named rods and said last-named rods for holding said dies together, and operating means connectedwith said first-named rods for moving said die members, said toggle joint means including portions engageable with said die casing for breaking said tog- 'gle joint means after a predetermined travel of said die members to permit said die members to separate.

6. In a casting machine, the combination of a die casing having an opening through bers, means forbreaking said toggle joint means after a predetermined travel of said die members to permit'said die members to separate, and means carried by said operating means releasably engageable'with said toggle joint means for insuring the straightening of said toggle joint means upon the return of said die members to their closed p position. I

7. In a casting machine, the combination of a support having an opening through which molten metal may be forced, a pair of die members slidably mounted on said support and when closed formin a mold cavity between them registrablewith said opening, toggle joint-means for urging said die members' relatively together and for positively retaining them together during a portion of their travel out of register with said openmeans for moving saiddle ing, operatin means for rel'easmg said remembers, an

' taining means after a predetermined travel of said die members to permit the separation of said diemembers.

8. In a casting machine, the combination -ity, and means c members of. a die casing havingan opening through ,which molten metal may be forced, a pair of die members slidably mounted in said casing and forming a mold cavity between them registrable with said openin means for moving said die members out o register with said opening and for effecting the separation of said'die members, a core member slidably mounted in one of said die members for movement at an angle to the direction of movement of said die members, and said core member including portions entering said mold cavity,- a movably mounted bar disposed adjacent said die members to lie substantially parallel with the direction of movement of said die members, means for pivotally supporting said bar for movement toward andaway from said die members, said bar being closer to said die members when said die members are in register with said die casing opening, means for urging said bar toward said die members, actuating means connecting said core member and said bar and being movable along said bar, said bar in its movement away from said die members acting to retract said core member from said. mold cavo-operating with said die' members for swinging said bar outwardly from said die members during the movement of said die members out of register with the die casing opening.

9.. In a casting machine, the combination of a die casing having at? ogening through which molten metal may j e orced, a pair of die members slidably mounted in said die casing and forming a mold cavity between them registrablewith said opening, pairsoi spaced rods connected with one of said die members and passing through the end of saiddie casing, rods connected to the other of said die members and passing through the end of said die casing, bars connecting said first-named rods and adjustably secured thereto, bars slidably mounted on said first named rods in spaced relation to said firstnamed rodsand secured to said last-named rods, said slidably mounted bars being disosed between said first-named bars and the end wall of the casing, toggle links pivotally mounted on said bars and pivotally connected to form toggle joints between said firstnamed bars and said slidably mounted bars for retaining said die members together, operating means connected with said firstnamed rods for moving said die members, and means for automatically breaking said toggle joint after predetermined travel of said the separate.

10. In a casting machine, the combmatmn of a container for holding molten metal therein, a cylinder communicating with said container, a piston movably mounted in said cylfor permitting said'die members to inder for forcing molten metal therealong,-a'"

rack operatively connected with said piston,

means for moving said rack to project said piston in said cylinder, and counter-weight means operatively connected with said rack for urging said piston to its retracted posi- 5 tion.

11. In a casting machine, the combination of a container for holding molten metal therein, a piston for forcing molten metal from said container, a rack operatively connected with said piston, a rotatably-mounted pinion shaft meshing with said rack, a hand lever operatively connected with said pinion shaft for displacing said piston, and counterweight means acting on said pinion shaft for retracting said piston.

12. In a casting machine, the combination of a support having an opening through which molten metal may be forced, a pair of die members slidably mounted on said sup 9 port and forming a mold cavity between them registrabie with said opening, means for re taining said die members together during their registration with said opening and during portion of their travel out of register with said opening, operating means for moving said die members including a swingably mounted lever, a bracket securedto said lever and adjustable therealong, an arm adjustably mounted on said support, and a linlr connecting said arm and said bracket.

.13. In a casting machine, the combination of a cylinder adapted to receive molten metal therein, and a piston movably mounted in said cylinder for displacing molten metal therein, the forward portion of said piston being peripherally ribbed at its outer surface and the rearward portion of the piston being recessed and provided with spaced longitudinally-extending ribs along its outer surface.

14:. In a casting machine, the combination of a container for holding molten metal therein and including a side wall having a transverse passage through which molten metal isforced, there being a seat formed in said wall about said passage, a cylinder having an open end portion engageable with said seat, means engaging the other end portion of said cylinder for clamping said cylinder against said seat, and a piston movably mounted in said cylinder for forcing molten metal into said passage.

. 15. In a casting machine, the combination of a air of separable relatively movable die members forming a mold cavity between 55 them, a core member slidably mounted in at least one of said die members for movement at an angle to the direction of the parting movement of said die members, a bar extending substantially parallel to the direction of said parting movement and having an operative connection with said core member, l1nks pivotall connected to opposite end portions of said ar, means for supporting said links to provide a substantially parallel motion at said bar for swinging said bar away from emma said die members, and cam means acting on said bar to swing said bar about said l1nks away from sa d die members to pull said core member. 16. In a casting machine, the combinatio of a melting pot including a side wall having a transverse opening therein, a nozzle member exterior to said melting pot and secured to said pot in register with said passage, a cylinder within said melting pot communicating with said nozzle member, and a piston mount ed in said cylinder for forcing molten metal into said nozzle member.

17. In a casting machine, the combination of a melting pot including aside wall having a transverse opening therein, a nozzle member exterior to said melting pot and secured to said pot in register with said passage, said nozzle member having a seat adjacent said opening, a cylinder having an open end portion. incommunication with said nozzle member and engaging said seat, means for releasablysecuring said cylinder against said seat, and a piston movably mounted in said cylinder for forcing molten metal into said nozzle member. v

18. In a casting machine, the combination of a container for holding molten metal, a dumping valve body secured to the bottom wall of said container and having a single downwardly diverging passage to prevent constriction and retention of molten metal therein, and a valve member rotatably mounted in said valve body and having a transverse diverging passage registrable With the diverging passage in said body.

19. in a casting machine, the combination of a support, a pair of die members movably mounted on said support and when closed forming a mold cavity between them, means for introducing molten metal into said mold v cavity, means for moving said die members, toggle joint means for retaining said die members in closed relation for a portion of their movement, said toggle joint means including a link, and a stop engaged by said link after a predetermined movement of the closed die members for breaking said toggle joint means and permitting the separation of said die members.

lln testimony whereof, I affix my signature.

MAXOL HELD.