US1809627A - Production of vacuums - Google Patents
Production of vacuums Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1809627A US1809627A US526136A US52613631A US1809627A US 1809627 A US1809627 A US 1809627A US 526136 A US526136 A US 526136A US 52613631 A US52613631 A US 52613631A US 1809627 A US1809627 A US 1809627A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- pumps
- condensation
- medium
- vacuums
- production
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 7
- WLYUMBPDHPMKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-3h-2-benzofuran-1-one Chemical class C1CCCC2C(=O)OCC21 WLYUMBPDHPMKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930194542 Keto Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 keto aromatic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)
Description
Patented June 9, 1931 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE ALPHONS o. Janene, or MOUNT LEBANO N, AND HERBERT J. WEST, OF GRAFTON,
PENNSYLVANIA, ASS IGNORS TO THE SELDEN COMPANY, OF PITTSBURGH, PENN- SYLVANIA, A CORPORATION OF DELAWARE PRODUCTION OF VACUUMS No Drawing.
This invention relates to methods of producing vacua, and particularly by means 0 high-vacua condensation pumps.
In the past high-vacua had been produced in condensation pumps using mercury as a circulating medium because of its moderately.-
low vapor pressure and its stability. In the ordinary type of vacuum pump, where the vacuum. desired is not as high, oils have ordinarily been used as a sealing medium. Such sealing medium does not require as high a resistance to heat as does the medium use in a condensation pump because the sealing medium in an ordinary type of low vacuum pump is not distilled and condensed. It has been proposed to use certain higlroils in condensation pumps, and while these prodp ucts possess in many cases a vapor pressure even lower than that of mercury, they have not proven successful as they tend gradually to break up on heating and are usually mixtures and do not have a constant vapor pressure at different rates of distilling so that fluctuations in the distilling will result in vapors of 'difierent compositions and correcondensates of different vapor pressures. Despite its high price and great weight therefore mercury has hitherto been practically the only medium used in condensation vacuum pumps.
Accordiri to the present invention hexahydrophtha ides are used as a circulating medium for .high-vacua condensation pumps or as a sealing and lubricating medium for the ordinary types of lower vacuum pumps. The hexahydrophthalides are either liquids or low melting solids which are extremely stable and possess very low vapor ressures. At the same time they are much lig ter than mercury, and volume for volume cost but an insignificant fraction of the cost of mercury. The lighter weight simplifies the construction of the pump, and the much lower cost greatly decreases the investment required in the apparatus.
While the hexahydrophthalides are particularly important in hi h-vaeua pumps of the condensation type, t ey of course may also be used as a sealin medium for low vacuum pumps, and in its broader aspects Application filed March 28, 1931.' Serial No. 526,136.
such devices are included in the present inf vention. It should be understood that in its essence the present invention is directed to the use of the novel sealing medium in Vacuum pumps and is not limited to any particular structural design of either condensation or ordinary vacuum pumps. It is an advantage of the present invention that they are directly applicable in theordinary designs of pumps. Naturally of course in condensation pumps the dimensions of orifices d and the heating means must be suitably adjusted to the physical characteristics of the hexahydrophthalides but no change in design is necessary.
While in the preferred embodiments of the resent invention hexahydrophthalide is used, so that a uniform vapor pressure is most easily achieved, it is possible to mix.these substances with other sealing medium such as esters of keto aromatic acids, esters of phthalic acid and the like, and in its broader aspects the present invention includes the use of any sealing medium which contains a hexahydrophthalide in substantial amounts, Whether or not this is the only component of the medium.
What is claimed as new is:
1. In a method of producing high-vacua by means of condensation pumps the improvement which comprises uslng a pumping substance for providing the propellent vapor, one containing at least one hexahydrophthalide.
-2. In combination a pumping chamber, a
supply of liquid containing at least one which the liquid consists of hexahydroph-'.
thalide itself.
Signed at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, this 24th day of March, 1931.
ALPHONS O. JAEGER. HERBERT J. WEST.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US526136A US1809627A (en) | 1931-03-28 | 1931-03-28 | Production of vacuums |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US526136A US1809627A (en) | 1931-03-28 | 1931-03-28 | Production of vacuums |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US1809627A true US1809627A (en) | 1931-06-09 |
Family
ID=24096063
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US526136A Expired - Lifetime US1809627A (en) | 1931-03-28 | 1931-03-28 | Production of vacuums |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US1809627A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2464369A (en) * | 1945-02-16 | 1949-03-15 | Distillation Products Inc | Ejector and condensation pump |
-
1931
- 1931-03-28 US US526136A patent/US1809627A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2464369A (en) * | 1945-02-16 | 1949-03-15 | Distillation Products Inc | Ejector and condensation pump |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US2628178A (en) | Oxygenated polymerizable acrylic acid type esters and methods of preparing and polymerizing the same | |
| Bowen et al. | The quenching of anthracene fluorescence | |
| Burch | Some experiments on vacuum distillation | |
| CN111484855A (en) | Liquid crystal composition, liquid crystal display element and liquid crystal display | |
| CN104560059B (en) | A kind of liquid crystal material and application thereof | |
| Fenske et al. | Composition of straight-run Pennsylvania gasoline | |
| US1809627A (en) | Production of vacuums | |
| Carothers et al. | Studies of polymerization and ring formation. XI. The use of molecular evaporation as a means for propagating chemical reactions | |
| US2232840A (en) | Distillation control | |
| US2147488A (en) | High vacuum | |
| US1809614A (en) | Production of vacua | |
| Hickman et al. | The Purification, Properties, and Uses of Certain High-Boiling Organic Liquids | |
| US2387259A (en) | High boiling unsaturated products of petroleum pyrolysis and heat polymers therefrom | |
| US2564078A (en) | Fractionating column | |
| US2081855A (en) | Method for increasing lubricating oil yields | |
| US1999830A (en) | Stabilizing motor fuels | |
| Sahay | Rupture of water drops over liquid surfaces | |
| NO136363B (en) | ||
| US2147479A (en) | High vacua | |
| US2182528A (en) | Stabilization of vinyl acetate | |
| US2897230A (en) | Adducts of alkylated aromatic hydrocarbons and fumarate esters | |
| Latham et al. | Investigations into the ultimate pressures of diffusion pumps designed to purify their working fluids | |
| US2373754A (en) | Stabilization of butadiene-1, 3 hydrocarbons | |
| US2477225A (en) | Process of producing stabilized vinyl ether polymers | |
| US3527815A (en) | Olefinic alcohols |